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Journal articles on the topic 'Fusion welding defects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Zai, Le, and Xin Tong. "FusionWelding of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel: A Mini- Review." SOJ Materials Science & Engineering 7, no. 1 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/sojmse.2019.00157.

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High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) steel exhibits excellent tensile strength and ductility, and it also possesses good welding performance due to its low carbon equivalent. However, welding defects always inevitably appear during the fusion weldingof HSLA steel. In this paper, the previous investigations on the microstructure of the joined HSLA steel by different fusion welding processes arereviewed, and the mechanical properties of the fabricated joint are analyzed. Also, the practicability of different fusion welding processes on HSLA steel has been systematically analyzed. Finally, the prospect

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2

Li, Qiang, Qi Lu, Yingchun Chen, Junwei Su, and Jie Yang. "Effect of the ultrasonic phased array on defect detection of HDPE electro-fusion joint." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (2023): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012070.

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Abstract As a common welding method for polyethylene natural gas pipelines, electro-fusion welding has been widely used. However, defects are easy to occur in the fusion area during the welding. In this paper, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with different types of electric welding joint defects are processed, and the detection effect of the ultrasonic phased array on joint defects is explored. The results show that: Ultrasonic phased array detection technology is easy to operate and reliable. It can detect three common defects: inadequate socket, cold welding, and scratch of oxide scal

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3

Zhu, Xin Wei, Jin Ping Pan, and Lian Jiang Tan. "Microwave Scan Inspection of HDPE Piping Thermal Fusion Welds for Lack of Fusion Defect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1523.

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In this paper, microwave scan inspection was employed to detect the lack of fusion defect existing in the thermal fusion welds of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) piping. The thermal fusion welds without defects were firstly inspected by microwave scan technique. The obtained microwave interference pattern and the scan image produced were taken as the evaluation standard. Then the thermal fusion welds containing lack of fusion defects obtained under different welding conditions were inspected, and the corresponding scan images were recorded. The problems occurring in the welding processes that

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4

Deyun, Liu, Li Yunyue, Zhao Mingyuan, Sheng Lanbing, and Shen Yuanxun. "Research on typical defects of Cu/Fe dissimilar metals vacuum welding-brazing and improvement measures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2959, no. 1 (2025): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2959/1/012010.

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Abstract Cu/Fe dissimilar metals are joined by welding-brazing in a vacuum furnace, and then typical defect formation mechanisms of the post-welded joints are observed and analyzed. As a result, it has been found that the major welding-brazing defects are elemental segregation, solidification cracks and poor fusion. It is worth noting that the causes of element segregation and slag inclusion are related to high welding-brazing temperature, impurity of raw materials, inadequate cleaning of materials before welding-brazing and volatilization of impurity metals in the chamber of the vacuum furnac

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5

Li, Qiang, Yingchun Chen, Yu Tang, and Hongyan Liu. "Ultrasonic phased array detection method for butt fusion welding defects of HDPE pipes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (2023): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012071.

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Abstract The welding joint is the weak link of the high-density polyethylene pipeline. The continuous development of ultrasonic phased array technology is expected to replace traditional non-destructive testing methods. In this paper, ultrasonic phased array technology is used to detect the defects of butt fusion welding. The results show that the ultrasonic phased array can distinguish between metallic and non-metallic inclusions, and the inclusion size can be displayed. Besides, insufficient fusion defects have no obvious defect features in the sector scan results. The types of insufficient

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6

Lai, Huansheng, Dengshuai Fan, and Kanglin Liu. "The Effect of Welding Defects on the Long-Term Performance of HDPE Pipes." Polymers 14, no. 19 (2022): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193936.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are the preferred pipes of water systems in nuclear power plants because they are durable, corrosion-free, easy to install, and not subject to fouling. However, their long-term performance can be affected by welding defects. In this paper, the effect of welding defects on the long-term performance of HDPE pipe butt fusion joints was studied using a creep test. A welding defect with a hole or inclusion in the joint was simulated by artificially inserting a copper ball during butt fusion welding. The test results showed that the creep life of the joint decr

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7

Widyawati, Fauzi, and Lino Marano. "IDENTIFIKASI CACAT LASAN FCAW PADA FONDASI MESIN KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE ULTRASONIC TESTING." Jurnal TAMBORA 5, no. 2 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v5i2.1124.

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Ultrasonic testing is one of the non-destructive inspection methods for welding results. The ultrasonic testing method has several advantages, namely it can be used to analyze the position of the defect in the object, both the depth of the defect and the dimensions of the defect, and it is an environmentally friendly method. Physical defects that are in solid objects of course cannot be known from direct vision so it is necessary to carry out an inspection of an object to see whether or not there are defects that occur in solid objects. Ultrasonic testing of the results of FCAW welding on the

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8

Li, Qiang, Weihan Li, Yanfeng Li, and Jie Yang. "Study on X-ray testing of buried polyethylene pipeline thermal fusion welding." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012020.

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Abstract Thermal fusion welding is a common method for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines. However, defects are easy to occur at the joints in the welding process, causing hidden danger. In this study, HDPE pipes with thermal fusion welding defects were made and the X-ray technology was used for detection. The results show that the testing effects of different defects are quite different. The X-ray cannot detect cold-welding defects. The weld seam of the over-welding in the negative is narrowed. Besides, the unfilled holes collapse during welding, resulting in poor detection results. T

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9

Yan, Chen, Die Yang, Laihui Han, Zhonggang Zhao, Zengzhen Li, and Yongli Sui. "Influence of multi-process parameter linkage on the formation of lack of fusion defects based on SYSWLED simulation analysis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2842, no. 1 (2024): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2842/1/012087.

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Abstract The lack of fusion defects remains a significant challenge in narrow-gap automatic welding of pipeline circumferential joints and then becomes the primary factor affecting pipeline longevity. The influence of multi-process parameter linkage on the welding temperature field and formation of lack of fusion defects was investigated based on orthogonal experiments and SYSWELD finite element simulation. The results indicated that welding current and speed had the most significant influence on the welding temperature field. At the same time, oscillation width affected the ability to obtain

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10

Shaloo, Masoud, Martin Schnall, Thomas Klein, Norbert Huber, and Bernhard Reitinger. "A Review of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques for Defect Detection: Application to Fusion Welding and Future Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Processes." Materials 15, no. 10 (2022): 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103697.

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In Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and fusion welding, various defects such as porosity, cracks, deformation and lack of fusion can occur during the fabrication process. These have a strong impact on the mechanical properties and can also lead to failure of the manufactured parts during service. These defects can be recognized using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods so that the examined workpiece is not harmed. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various NDT techniques for WAAM and fusion welding, including laser-ultrasonic, acoustic emission with an airborne optical

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11

Hua, Liang, Peng Xue, Jin Ping Tang, Hui Jin, and Qi Zhang. "Welding Defects Classification Based on Multi-Weights Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.130.

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Incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration are two types of damage serious welding defects. These two kinds of defects have the similarity in the features in X-ray imaging. Identifying the two kinds of defects automatically and accurately can improve the welding technology and improve the quality of welding effectively. The causes of defects and features of X-ray images are described in the paper. The welding defects calssification method based on multi-weights neural network is put forward in the paper. The multi-weights neural network based on graphic geometry theory is introduced, which u

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12

Huda, Alfian. "Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas Proses Pengelasan (Welding) dengan Pendekatan Six Sigma pada Proyek PT. XYZ." Jurnal Wacana Ekonomi 17, no. 2 (2018): 066–78. https://doi.org/10.52434/jwe.v17i2.295.

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PT. XYZ is an offshore facility design and construction industry company that supports the activities of the oil and gas industry. Based on the project schedule data, one of the most critical processes or jobs in the implementation of a construction project is the welding process. According to welding process defect data from January to March 2017, there were found a number of defects as many as 601 welding points where every week the number of defects fluctuated. To reduce the number of defects in the welding process that occur in project implementation at PT. XYZ requires further research to

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13

Tiara Nuriyah Sani and Sumiati Sumiati. "Pengendalian Kualitas Pengelasan Pada Project Fabrikasi Metal Duct MBI Menggunakan Metode SQC Dan FMEA." Jurnal Penelitian Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 3, no. 1 (2023): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/juprit.v3i1.3221.

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The National Private Company PT Swadaya Graha, which is part of Semen Indonesia, is currently active in carrying out Metal Ducting (MD) fabrication projects in collaboration with PT Maxiterm Boiler Indonesia. During the production process, several types of welding defects are detected, such as Slag, Porosity, Spatter, and Incomplete Fusion. The aim of this research is to determine the most dominant percentage of welding defects, identify the causes of welding defect factors, and provide suggestions for suggestions for improving welding quality. This research uses the Statistical Quality Contro

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14

Novita Ramadayanti and Akmal Suryadi. "Welding Quality Control Using The Sqc (Statistical Quality Control) Method In An Effort To Minimize The Occurrence Of Rejects At Pt.Xyz." International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Control Systems Engineering 1, no. 4 (2024): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijmicse.v1i4.125.

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PT. XYZ is an international company operating in the energy sector, especially oil and gas, with a focus on fabrication and construction activities for large-scale projects. One of the main production processes that is very influential is welding. To ensure welding quality, PT. XYZ uses the Non-Destructive Testing – Ultrasonic Testing (NDT-UT) method. However, during the inspection process, problems are often found in the form of rejects due to defects that do not meet welding quality standards. Some types of defects detected include LOF (Lack of Fusion), LOP (Lack of Penetration), and ESI (Ex

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15

Stephen, Kasukusa. "Development of arc welding defects for NDT certification in zimbabwe using design of experiments." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 4 (2024): 25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jme.14.4.21641.

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This study explores the development of representative arc welding defects for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) certification programs in Zimbabwe, employing Design of Experiments (DoE) methodologies to optimize defect creation and detection. Recognizing that welding defects can compromise product quality and impact business performance, this work addresses the need for skilled NDT personnel capable of identifying and characterizing various weld imperfections. Traditional NDT training in Zimbabwe lacks access to realistic weld defects, hindering the development of practical skills essential for ef

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16

Liu, Jinping, Baoping Xu, Yingchao Feng, et al. "Study on Porosity Defect Detection in Narrow Gap Laser Welding Based on Spectral Diagnosis." Materials 16, no. 14 (2023): 4989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16144989.

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As an advanced connection technology for large thick-walled components, narrow gap laser welding has the advantages of small heat input and high efficiency and quality. However, porosity defects are prone to occur inside the weld due to the complex welding environment. In this study, the influence of the process parameters and pollutants such as water and oil on the porosity defect were explored. The action mechanism of water on the electron temperature and spectral intensity of the laser-induced plasma was analyzed. The results showed that the spectral intensity during narrow gap laser weldin

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17

Aboali, Abdalla, Mohamed El-Shaib, Ashraf Sharara, and Mohamed Shehadeh. "Screening for Welding Defects Using Acoustic Emission Technique." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.7.

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– Welding defects can create a major threat in industrial equipments and pressure vessels can during operation. Detecting and identifying of existing welding defects has a great role in the assessment of the probability of failure in different situations. Acoustic emission (AE) is only a nondestructive technique that can be used as in-service testing and used on large structures. This paper examines the changes in the properties of AE source generated from Pencil Lead Break (PLB). AE is recorded across different seam welds with pre-identified welding defects. Series of experiments are carried

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18

Ye, Hong, Zhong Lin Yan, Bin Shen, and Z. F. Xue. "Analysis on the Weld Defects of the AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Joints." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.931.

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In this study, taking die-cast magnesium alloy AZ91D as investigation objects, the process characteristics of electron beam welding (EBW) was studied. The microstructure and familiar defects in the welded joints were analyzed. The main reasons of these defects were discussed. The experimental results showed that boundary surface between fusion zone and heat affected zone in the joint of AZ91D magnesium alloy by electron beam welding is obvious, the fusion zone (FZ) consisted of fine-equiaxed grain. Pore and crack are the main defects in AZ91D magnesium alloy joints. Magnesium has higher hydrog

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19

Junianto, Teguh, Imam Bayhaqi, and Erna Rahayu. "Pengendalian Kualitas Pengelasan Pada Proyek Pipeline Sabar#2." Jurnal Inovator 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37338/ji.v3i2.133.

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PT. ICG is a company that handles the pipeline welding process at PetroChina Jabung Ltd. The welding process carried out is cutting, rolling, pressing and painting. The problem that occurs is that 243 defects are found from the output of 457 welding points. The types of defects after the welding process included 106 points of Root Cancellation defects, 99 points of Incomplete fusion, 29 points of Porosity, 8 points of Slug Inclusion, and 1 point of Tungsten Inclusion. This study aims to control quality by looking at the sigma value of the pipeline production process and analyzing the improveme

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20

Li, Qiang, Weihan Li, Qi Lu, Yanfeng Li, and Tao Yang. "Study on the detection method of HDPE electro-fusion welding defect based on X-ray technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (2023): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012069.

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Abstract Electro-fusion welding is a common method for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. It has a high degree of automation and mature technology. However, during the welding process, various buried defects are easily generated. In this paper, HDPE pipes with welding defects were processed, and X-ray technology was used to detect the defects. The results show that: The X-ray detection technology is sensitive to the defects of sockets and ultralight clay-filled holes. But it is difficult to distinguish the size of the holes. Unfilled holes are partially fused during the welding process, w

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21

Hu, Yan Hua, Yu Lei Wang, Hu Li Niu, De Yu Tang, Chun Run Li, and Jian Li. "Research on the Mechanical Performance and Crack Defects Assessment of X65 Marine Pipeline Welding Joint." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.271.

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In order to study the influence of different types of weld defects, such as slag inclusion, porosity, incomplete fusion, incomplete fusion, burn through, crack on the mechanical performance of X65 marine pipe welding joint (Φ323.9 x 16 mm), the test on the mechanical properties of static tensile, fracture toughness CTOD and fatigue life were carried out to achieve the maximal defect tolerance size allowed in this paper. Research shows that the existence of crack defects would significantly reduce the fracture strength and the fatigue life of welded joint, the application of the maximal defect

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22

Meshram, Suresh, and Madhusudhan Reddy. "Influence of Tool Tilt Angle on Material Flow and Defect Generation in Friction Stir Welding of AA2219." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 5 (2018): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12027.

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Heat treatable aluminium alloy AA2219 is widely used for aerospace applications, welded through gas tungsten and gas metal arc welding processes. Welds of AA2219 fabricated using a fusion welding process suffers from poor joint properties or welding defects due to melting and re-solidification. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process and hence free from any solidification related defects. However, FSW also results in defects which are not related to solidification but due to improper process parameter selection. One of the important process parameters, i.e., tool tilt angl

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23

Sahlan, Sahlan. "Analisis Cacat Las Incomplete Fusion Dan Retak Memanjang Pada Waterwall Tube Boiler PLTU Paiton Unit 1." Semesta Teknika 18, no. 1 (2016): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v18i1.701.

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Weld defects in the form of "incomplete fusion" and lengthwise (longitudinal) crackswas observed at the boiler tube welding of steam power plants of Paiton Unit 1, row 3, located860 mm above theheader, .Incomplete fusionmay be caused by incorrect use of the the magnitude of current,welding speed, or manipulation or selection of the electrode being used, thatmay lead tounevenfusityand affect generate the cracks along the incomplete fusion region. Incomplete fusion defects in the waterwall tubes welding being visible from the edge of the boundary between the base material and weld region with th

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24

Bade, Venkata Suresh, Srinivasa Rao P., and Govinda Rao P. "The effect of vibratory conditioning on tensile strength and microstructure of 1018 mild steel." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 6 (2020): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2020-0296.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prominence of mechanical excitations at the time of welding. In the past years, the process of welding technology has expanded its influence in manufacturing. The crucial drawback of conventional welding is prompted by internal stresses and distortions, which is the focal reason for weld defects. These weld defects can be diminished by the process called post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), which consumes more working hours and needs skilled workers. To replace these PWHT processes, mechanical vibrations are introduced during the process of w

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25

Alamsyah, Alamsyah, Ryo Herlambang, Rodlian Jamal Ikhwani, Taufik Hidayat, and Wardina Suwedy. "Testing of Carbon Steel Pipe and Stainless Steel Duplex Pipes of Welding Joints : A Cost and Time Perspective." Collaborate Engineering Daily Book Series 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62012/collaborate.v1i1.2.

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In the welding process, it is not uncommon for a defect or discontinuity to occur in the welding results. Common defects on the surface are undercut, concavity, incomplete penetration, spatter, burn-through, and mismatch. While defects in internal welds that are often found during testing are porosity, worm holes, slag inclusions, incomplete fusion, and cracks, To obtain pipeline results that comply with the specifications set by the welding engineer and ASME or ASTM standards, it is necessary to test surface cracks and inside cracks using the non-destructive test (NDT) method, namely the dye

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26

Fan, Kui, Peng Peng, Hongping Zhou, Lulu Wang, and Zhongyi Guo. "Real-Time High-Performance Laser Welding Defect Detection by Combining ACGAN-Based Data Enhancement and Multi-Model Fusion." Sensors 21, no. 21 (2021): 7304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217304.

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Most of the existing laser welding process monitoring technologies focus on the detection of post-engineering defects, but in the mass production of electronic equipment, such as laser welding metal plates, the real-time identification of defect detection has more important practical significance. The data set of laser welding process is often difficult to build and there is not enough experimental data, which hinder the applications of the data-driven laser welding defect detection method. In this paper, an intelligent welding defect diagnosis method based on auxiliary classifier generative a

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27

Bao, Yang, Ruilei Xue, Jianping Zhou, Hongsheng Liu, and Yan Xu. "The Influence of Oscillation Parameters on the Formation of Overhead Welding Seams in the Narrow-Gap GMAW Process." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095519.

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Thick-walled X80 pipelines for oil and gas transportation are difficult to relocate due to their large size. In the process of narrow-gap overhead welding, welding defects, such as bulges and lack of sidewall fusion, can appear easily. To avoid these defects and to improve the welding quality of thick-walled pipelines, the GMAW welding method is adopted in this paper. The formation characteristics of the weld and the influence of arc oscillation parameters, such as the oscillation width and sidewall dwell time, on the formation process of narrow-gap overhead welding seams are studied. In this

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28

Xie, Miao-Xia, Yan-Xin Li, Xiang-Tao Shang, Xue-Wu Wang, and Jun-Yu Pei. "Effect of Heat Input on Porosity Defects in a Fiber Laser Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091433.

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Porosity defects are still a challenging issue in the fusion welding of molybdenum and its alloys due to the pre-existing interior defects associated with the powder metallurgy process. Fiber laser welding of end plug and cladding tube made of nanostructured high-strength molybdenum (NS-Mo) alloy was performed in this work with an emphasis on the role of welding heat input. The distribution and morphology of porosity defects in the welded joints were examined by computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary results showed that laser welding of NS-Mo under low hea

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29

Song, Jin Hu. "Process Design of Tacking and Welding for Turbine Blades and Positioning Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.611.

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Agitator impeller consist of turbine blades, positioning plates, central axis, flange, blocking plate and steel by welding, It is a typical welded structure. In the production process easy to produce deformation, cracks, undercut, not fusion, porosity and other defects, affecting life,and it is important for tacking and welding for turbine blades and positioning plates. In order to prevent the generation of welding defects, to meet the design requirements, The process of tacking and welding for turbine blades and positioning plates is designed in this paper.

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Peng, Fan, Zhourong Feng, Yu Zhao, and Jianzhou Long. "A Novel Reticular Retained Austenite on the Weld Fusion Line of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel 06Cr13Ni4Mo and the Influence on the Mechanical Properties." Metals 12, no. 3 (2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030432.

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When performing fluorescent magnetic particle testing in steel welding-repaired zones, as traditional viewpoint usually ascribes magnetic particle indications to discontinuous welding defects such as cracks, incomplete fusion, etc., welding-repaired zones showing indications of these defects are always judged to be unqualified. In this study, a novel reticular phase was identified on the weld fusion line of 06Cr13Ni4Mo. By selected area electron diffraction, it was proved to be an austenite. By roasting test, it was proved to be induced by the thermal effect of welding. Non-ferromagnetic retic

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Zhang, Zi, Hong Pan, Xingyu Wang, and Zhibin Lin. "Deep Learning Empowered Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Diagnostics for Structures with Weldment via Decoding Ultrasonic Guided Wave." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145390.

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Welding is widely used in the connection of metallic structures, including welded joints in oil/gas metallic pipelines and other structures. The welding process is vulnerable to the inclusion of different types of welding defects, such as lack of penetration and undercut. These defects often initialize early-age cracking and induced corrosion. Moreover, welding-induced defects often accompany other types of mechanical damage, thereby leading to more challenges in damage detection. As such, identification of weldment defects and interaction with other mechanical damages at their early stage is

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Cao, Lichao, Kaiming Lv, Zhengjun Liu, et al. "A Comparative Study of Arc Welding and Laser Welding for the Fabrication and Repair of Multi-Layer Hydro Plant Bellows." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063387.

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The development of clean energy resources, including hydro power, plays an important role in protecting the global environment. Multi-layer bellows are key components and are widely used in hydro power plants. Due to the special multi-layer structures, conventional arc welding is prone to the defects of pores and insufficient fusion when fabricating or repairing such bellows. Precise laser welding with a high energy density and a low heat input has the potential to join multi-layer bellows in a high-quality manner. In this study, a comparative investigation was conducted on the arc welding and

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Balaji, N., S. Kannan, and S. Arun. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FRICTION STIR WELDING ON ALUMINIUM AA7075 AND AA2024 ALLOY MATERIAL." International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT) 3, no. 4 (2017): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495605.

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<em>Friction stir welding was invented at Welding institute, United Kingdom in the year 1991 and has ever since been proved to be one of the best solid state joining methods for materials such as aluminium and magnesium. Some of the aluminium alloys which are not weld able (Al-Cu, Al-Zn-Mg alloy) by fusion welding techniques, which produce defects and reduce the mechanical properties on the weld nugget could be welded using friction stir welding (FSW) successfully with excellent joint efficiencies. However effect of the process parameters on the properties of weld have not been investigated fu

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S, Kanthalakshmi, Nikitha M. S, and Pradeepa G. "Classification of weld defects using machine vision using convolutional neural network." Scientific Temper 14, no. 01 (2023): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.1.20.

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Welding is an important aspect in commercial use of almost every industry. Because weld flaws can cause irregularities or inconsistencies during welding process, welding quality control is a critical step in ensuring the product’s quality and overall longevity. This study focuses on recognizing contamination defects, lack of fusion defects, or if the weld belongs to the good weld category among the defects that occur during the welding process. This category categorization is carried out for the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm and the accuracy metric is obtained to evaluate the ef

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Xu, Yan, Mingchang Wu, Xianghui Nie, Zhenjun Feng, Liang Li, and Fengping Yang. "Performance Test and Cause Analysis of Girth Weld with Defects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2355, no. 1 (2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2355/1/012067.

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Abstract In this study, the performance test and defect anatomy analysis were carried out for a girth weld of the pipeline. The results of the girth weld tensile test, groove hammer break test and Vickers hardness test showed no obvious abnormality, and the impact toughness and bending test results were not ideal. In the conventional inspection process, it was found that there were tiny unfused girth welds at 6 o 'clock and 9 o 'clock positions, and the maximum direction size of defects on the wall thickness section was 1.57 mm. The defects at the position from 6 o 'clock to 7 o 'clock found b

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Gómez, Josué, Melissa Olivo Hernández, León Zambrano, Daniela Estefanía Ortiz Ramos, Carlos Rodrigo Muñiz Valdez, and Jorge Eduardo Hernández-Flores. "Evaluation of defects in the GMAW robotic welding process through color analysis." Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático 7, no. 1 (2024): 469–74. https://doi.org/10.58571/cnca.amca.2024.080.

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In industry, the evaluation of the quality of welded joints is important to meet the required quality and safety standards. In a general context, identifying defects and porosities in the welding process requires a comprehensive inspection using different methods, such as non-destructive and destructive tests. In addition, welding inspectors require special training and certifications to perform efficient welding inspection. In this paper, we propose to analyze welding through computer vision techniques as an auxiliary tool for identifying defects in coatings. It is proposed to perform a color

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Mon, Ioan Catalin, Mircea Horia Tierean, Eugen Cicala, Michel Pilloz, Iryna Tomashchuk, and Pierre Sallamand. "Characterization of Fusion Lines Obtained with Laser Welding on Ductile Iron Plates." Solid State Phenomena 254 (August 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.254.33.

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This paper studies the ductile iron (DI) weldability using laser welding. For performing an Yb:YAG continuous laser was used, with a maximum power of 6 kW. The parametrical window power (P) - welding speed (S) was explored by carrying out the fusion lines on ductile iron plates without preheating, to determinate areas of weldability (complete penetration, correct geometry) to allow further characterization. The criteria for selection of focus areas were the geometry of the fusion lines and the absence of the welding defects. The unsatisfactory domains were characterized by: collapse of the mel

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Li, Xian, Yonglun Song, and Zhenyang Lu. "Performance analysis on VPTIG repair welding joint of 2219 aluminum alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2808, no. 1 (2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2808/1/012003.

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Abstract When the welded joint of 2219 aluminum alloy has defects, the high-frequency VPTIG is used for welding repair. The mechanism of control is proposed for the repair welding joint, and the process route for satisfying the repair welding joint of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy is formulated to reduce the influence of overall performance on the joint local repair welding position. The research results show that the DC-EN of VPTIG coupled to pulse current at a frequency of 20-25 KHZ is helpful to restrain the metallurgical defects such as pores and refine the grain of the fusion zone, to ensure th

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Cai, Zenghui, Faming Shen, Qihao Chen, et al. "Effect of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Repair Parameters on the Forming for the Repair of Surface Defects of Cast Magnesium Alloy." Crystals 14, no. 8 (2024): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14080679.

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It is of great significance in the field of engineering to repair the surface defects of ZM6 cast magnesium alloy by an arc welding method. Compared with the traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding repair technology, cold metal transfer (CMT) welding repair has the advantages of low heat input, small repair deformation, and high efficiency. It is of great research value to repair the surface defects of ZM6 cast magnesium alloy by CMT welding. In this paper, the effect of CMT welding repair parameters on defect repair forming is systematically studied, and a repair process window free of u

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Akbolatov, Ye Zh, A. G. Korovikov, and A. A. Yermolayev. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE IVG.1M REACTOR COOLANT COOLING SYSTEM INSTALLATION." NNC RK Bulletin 1, no. 4 (2019): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2019-4-108-112.

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The paper provides the results of defect analysis in welded joints of pipelines of coolant cooling system of the IVG.1M reactor. It was defined that there are no defects in the cooling system making the most impact on the quality of joints (cracks, faulty fusion at the base of joints). The welding process of pipes is presented.

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Mousavi, Seiyed Ali Asghar Akbari, A. Gharedaghi, and Mohammad Mastoori. "Metallurgical Investigations of Laser Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.41.

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Laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel was carried out by pulsed Nd:YAG laser machine under different welding conditions. Geometrical shape of the joints was circular butt. Studies were focused on laser power, welding velocity, beam diameter and pulse duration. Microstructure of welded joints was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). OM and SEM results show no evidence of grain growth in heat affected zone (HAZ). In addition, columnar and equiaxed grains are observed in the weld metal. Various defects such as lack of fusion, underfill, porosity, hot

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Wang, Pengfei, Jia Zeng, Dong Lou, et al. "Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characterization of Processing Defects in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing 316L Stainless Steel." Materials 18, no. 4 (2025): 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040805.

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Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) 316L stainless steel unavoidably introduces defects such as porosity, oxide inclusions, and lack of fusion due to the inherent characteristics of the process. These defects can significantly affect the mechanical properties and service reliability of the material. This study focused on evaluating the defects in WAAM 316L stainless steel by nonlinear ultrasonic testing based on Lamb waves. The effects of FCAW (flux cored arc welding) parameters, including shielding gases (98% Ar + 2% O2 and 100% CO2) and welding speeds (20, 30, and 40 cm/min), on the colum

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Grigoriev, V. V., V. I. Muravyev, and P. V. Bakhmatov. "A Study of the Influence of Electron Beam Welding Defects on Fracture Processes in Titanium Alloys." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 03 (720) (March 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-3-23-34.

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The appearance of pores when welding titanium has been extensively studied by domestic and foreign researchers, but there has been no consensus on the causes and conditions of pore formation to date. An overview of advances in the studies of pore formation showed that the problem of formation of the macropores, reaching 0.1 mm was investigated by A.A. Erokhin, V.V. Frolov, G.D. Nikiforov, S.M. Gurevich, V.N. Locks, V.I. Muravyev, B.I. Dolotov, P.V. Bakhmatov et al. The advent of modern x-ray machines in the technological control of permanent joints made by electron beam welding has enabled res

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Shinkin, Vladimir N. "Tubes’ Rupture at Faulty Fusion of Welding Seam." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.868.

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In the straight-seam tubes, the appearance of defects in the area of the welding seam welded under the flux layer and the seam geometry are closely related to the technology and metallurgy of welding process. Possible defects are the pores, incisions, slag inclusions and cracks. The pores can appear in different shapes, with different distribution and in different amounts during the solidification of welding seam. When molten metal solidifies, the gas bubbles can come to the surface or remain inside the metal. The incisions may occur due to the fact that the juncture is not completely filled.

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Alsaidi, Eng Mohammad Jabber Mohammad. "Comprehensive Research on Welding Defects: Classification, Causes, Detection, and Prevention." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2631–40. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70803.

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Abstract: Welding is a key method for manufacturing, and it is indispensable in the fabrication of buildings, vehicles, and various other industrial products. Although widely applied, welding is a process prone to various forms of flaws, which may compromise the mechanical behavior and reliability of welded structures. This article is intended to investigate critically the welding defects in this article with classification under three main groups: geometric, metallurgical, and mechanical, and to determine the statistical analysis of them. Must be prevented as they will cause geometric imperfe

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Shaikh, Md Seam, Md Shahriar Shajib, Md Abdul Kader, Dipayan Mondal, and Md Ashraful Islam. "Effect of Preheating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Mild Steel Arc Weld Joints." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (2025): 12133–45. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.22.1.2025.14.0931.

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Mild steel welding can result in fusion defects that affect the integrity and mechanical characteristics of welded joints. Although several techniques have been investigated to enhance the quality of the weld, it is not fully understood how preheating affects the mechanical-microstructure properties of arc-welded joints of mild steel. This study examines the effect of preheating on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of arc-welded mild steel joints. Before welding, mild steel samples were preheated to 250°C, 450°C, and 650°C, and the welded specimens' tensile, bending, hardness,

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Sumesh, A., Dinu Thomas Thekkuden, Binoy B. Nair, K. Rameshkumar, and K. Mohandas. "Acoustic Signature Based Weld Quality Monitoring for SMAW Process Using Data Mining Algorithms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 1104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.1104.

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The quality of weld depends upon welding parameters and exposed environment conditions. Improper selection of welding process parameter is one of the important reasons for the occurrence of weld defect. In this work, arc sound signals are captured during the welding of carbon steel plates. Statistical features of the sound signals are extracted during the welding process. Data mining algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines and Neural Network were used to classify the weld conditions according to the features of the sound signal. Two weld conditions namely good weld and weld wit

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An, Bingwen, Ziqi Li, Feiran Li, et al. "Influence of polyethylene pipe butt fusion welding in ultrasonic non-destructive testing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (2024): 012177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012177.

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Abstract Butt fusion welding is a commonly used manufacturing method for polyethylene pipes. To investigate the influence of butt fusion welding on oblique ultrasonic wave in ultrasonic non-destructive testing, a numerical simulation model was established for polyethylene pipe with welding joints. Wave propagation in the polyethylene pipe was analysed, which showed that there exist longitudinal and shear waves propagating and their mode conversion. Detection signals of pipes with different defects and different acoustic attenuations were calculated. The special structure of welding joint was t

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Sulistyono, Sulistyono, and Irfan Hariz Shafly Kh. "Pengaruh Voltase dan Stick Out terhadap Cacat Permukaan Las MIG Butt Joint Aluminium 6063." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 19, no. 2 (2024): 293–398. https://doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v19i2.5821.

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Technological advances are currently experiencing a very rapid increase, one of which is bicycle transportation which is now popular, namely electric bicycles. In the assembly of the frame of an electric scooter, a welding process is needed, one of which is the MIG welding method. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of welding voltage and stick out on weld defects from MIG welding results on aluminum 6063, the welding defects found are porosity, undercut, and incomplete fusion. According to the results of macro photo observations, the smaller the voltage, the less optimal the

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Khedr, Mahmoud, Atef Hamada, Antti Järvenpää, Sally Elkatatny, and Walaa Abd-Elaziem. "Review on the Solid-State Welding of Steels: Diffusion Bonding and Friction Stir Welding Processes." Metals 13, no. 1 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010054.

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Solid-state welding (SSW) is a relatively new technique, and ongoing research is being performed to fulfill new design demands, deal with contemporary material advancements, and overcome welding defects associated with traditional welding techniques. This work provides an in-depth examination of the advancements in the solid-state welding of steels through diffusion bonding (DB) and friction stir welding (FSW). Considerable attention was given to DB of steel, which overcame the difficulties of segregation, cracking, and distortion stresses that are usually formed in liquid-phase welding techni

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