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Journal articles on the topic 'Future costs and payments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Muna, Nalal, I. Made Sukresna, and Nilna Muna. "Post-adoption model of mobile payment in Indonesia: Integration of UTAUT2 and the dedication-constraint perspective." International Journal of Data and Network Science 8, no. 2 (2024): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.12.010.

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Heading towards a cashless society, consumers have undergone a significant shift toward mobile payment services after COVID-19. The proliferation of various mobile payment applications has resulted in low consumer loyalty to mobile payment providers. Thus, continuance intention of mobile payments becomes crucial for mobile payment providers. The integration of UTAUT2 and the dedication-constraint-based mechanism are adopted to elaborate approach in retaining customers. The dedication mechanism is built by examining antecedents of satisfaction. Meanwhile, the constraint mechanism is driven by s

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Lewis, Richard. "The indexation of periodical payments of damages in tort: the future assured?" Legal Studies 30, no. 3 (2010): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00163.x.

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This paper examines the new statutory regime for paying damages for personal injury by means of periodical payments instead of a lump sum. How are such payments to increase in future to take account of rising care costs, especially when these usually form the largest part of a major award? The answer to this question is crucial in determining the extent that the new form of payment will be used. How periodical payments are to be indexed is also a key factor in calculating the total cost of compensation and, in particular, in assessing the liabilities of the National Health Service. The issue g

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Monisha, Dr D. "Navigating the Future of Digital Payments: Key Trends, Opportunities and Challenges." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 11 (2024): 1312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.65357.

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With the rise of technology and the internet, traditional cash-based payments are gradually giving way to faster, more convenient and secure digital alternatives. Digital payments, which encompass a range of payment methods such as mobile wallets, online banking, credit/debit cards and cryptocurrencies, offer a seamless and efficient way to make transactions. This shift towards digital payments has transformed the financial landscape, enabling greater financial inclusion, reducing transaction costs and increasing economic efficiency. As the world becomes increasingly digital, it's essential to

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Bruno, Philip, Olivier Denecker, and Gottfried Leibbrandt. "A retrospective: Looking back at ‘A Vision for the Future of Cross-border Payments’." Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems 19, no. 2 (2025): 103. https://doi.org/10.69554/gxbf2279.

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In 2018, Swift and McKinsey & Company published ‘A Vision for the Future of Cross-Border Payments’, outlining eight fundamental shifts expected to reshape international payments. This paper revisits those predictions and evaluates their accuracy amid rapid technological advancements, evolving customer demands and complex regulatory environments. Traditionally dominated by correspondent banking, the global cross-border payments landscape has transformed significantly, driven by emerging technologies, alternative solutions, customer requirements and heightened competition. The paper recounts

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Safiullin, Marat, Leonid Yelshin, and Marat Sharifullin. "Prospects for using blockchain in the system of international supply chains and cross-border payments." Revista Gestão & Tecnologia 23, no. 4 (2024): 360–76. https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2023.v23i4.2692.

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This article considers the transformative potential of blockchain technology and digital currencies in revolutionizing national and international payment systems. The study employs a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, real-life cases, and current trends in blockchain and digital currency adoption. It assesses the impact of blockchain on international trade and financial transactions, focusing on its potential to reduce costs, enhance security, and improve transparency. The research reveals that blockchain offers promising solutions for cross-border payments by eliminating intermedi

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Dr., Pradip Maheta. "UPI AND TRADITIONAL PAYMENT METHODS: EVALUATING EFFICIENCY, ACCESSIBILITY, AND USER ADOPTION." International Journal of E-Government & E-Business Research 10, no. 1 (2025): 07–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15347506.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This paper compares the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with traditional payment methods, analyzing their efficiency, accessibility, user adoption, and security. Introduced in India, UPI has transformed financial transactions through real-time processing and low costs. Traditional methods like cash, checks, and credit/debit cards are well-established but present challenges in processing times, fees, and physical handling. The study highlights UPI's speed and cost-effectiveness, contrasting its instantaneous transactions and minimal fees with the longer processing tim

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Syed Tanveer Alam. "Revolutionizing energy payments: The role of fintech in streamlining transactions." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 2074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1626.

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In today's rapidly evolving financial landscape, financial technology (FinTech) is playing a pivotal role in transforming the way energy payments are processed and managed. This review delves into the ways in which FinTech is revolutionizing traditional energy payment practices, enhancing efficiency, security, transparency of payment processes, and accessibility for both consumers and businesses, as well as streamlining transactions. By examining the integration of FinTech solutions with energy payment systems, this paper explores how technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, smar

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Syed, Tanveer Alam. "Revolutionizing energy payments: The role of fintech in streamlining transactions." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 2074–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14716075.

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In today's rapidly evolving financial landscape, financial technology (FinTech) is playing a pivotal role in transforming the way energy payments are processed and managed. This review delves into the ways in which FinTech is revolutionizing traditional energy payment practices, enhancing efficiency, security, transparency of payment processes, and accessibility for both consumers and businesses, as well as streamlining transactions. By examining the integration of FinTech solutions with energy payment systems, this paper explores how technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, smar

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Researcher. "BUILDING RESILIENT AND SCALABLE PAYMENT GATEWAYS FOR THE FUTURE." International Journal of Research In Computer Applications and Information Technology (IJRCAIT) 7, no. 2 (2024): 1000–1016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14055587.

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As digital transactions dominate the global financial landscape, the need for robust, scalable, and secure payment gateways has never been more critical. This article explores the key considerations and challenges in designing and implementing payment gateways that can handle high transaction volumes, ensure low latency, and maintain compliance with evolving global financial regulations. The article reveals that modern payment infrastructures must process volume surging to over 40,000 transactions per second during peak periods while maintaining processing times under 100 milliseconds. The art

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Kumar, S. Vijay, and Nayeema Unnisa. "A Study on UPI Transactions in India." International Journal of Advances in Business and Management Research 01, no. 03 (2024): 08–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62674/ijabmr.2024.v1i03.002.

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The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) platform has been in use in India since 2016. The main implication of UPI is that it is helping people in multiple ways. It is not only supporting financial literacy but also contributing to financial inclusion and the economic development of the poor. Cashless payments have the potential to spur economic growth, and digital payments can have a positive impact on economic growth as they facilitate transactions, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. This study will explore the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) Ecosystem in India. It will study the trends and re

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Vyas, Kanchan. "The Future of Payments in India: An Analysis of Digital Rupee and UPI." REST Journal on Banking, Accounting and Business 2, no. 1 (2023): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jbab/2/1/5.

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The Reserve Bank of India’s digital rupee (e₹) and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) are transforming the future of payments in India. In our research study, researcher adopted a qualitative method to understand existing literature on the topic. Official and non-official websites were analyzed for information. The study relied on secondary data only, as there was limited prior research in this area. This study analyzes the impact and potential of the digital rupee and UPI in the Indian financial landscape. The digital rupee, launched on December 1, 2022, offers many advantages over traditio

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Vishal Ramaiya. "Echoes of a Cashless Future: Digital Payments as Catalysts for Sustainable Finance." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 36s (2025): 556–67. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i36s.6530.

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The digital solutions for an economy bring more environmental and economic benefits for cashless transactions. For example, generating, transporting, and securing physical currency has huge costs involved. Compared to global economies, digital payments have been accepted very rapidly in India. The strong growth has been evident with the support of systems such as UPI and Aadhaar-linked services. India processed more than 9 billion monthly UPI transactions in the last year of this decade, marking a growth rate of 78% from the previous one. The country has set a benchmark for digital finance. Di

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van den Berg, Pieter, Lucas Molleman, and Franz J. Weissing. "The social costs of punishment." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 1 (2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11001348.

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AbstractLab experiments on punishment are of limited relevance for understanding cooperative behavior in the real world. In real interactions, punishment is not cheap, but the costs of punishment are of a different nature than in experiments. They do not correspond to direct payments or payoff deductions, but they arise from the repercussions punishment has on social networks and future interactions.

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Keating, Barry, and Howard Addis. "Prospective Payments: Will DRG Compensation Reduce Medical Costs?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 2, no. 4 (2011): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v2i4.6559.

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The buzzword in the health care field today is prospective payment. Hospitals are phasing in a new system of Medicare reimbursement which covers some 26 million Americans; the system embodies the concept of the hospital knowing in advance exactly what the government will pay for a given patient (hence the term prospective).Hospitals which provide treatment under the fixed prospective rate may keep the change; those hospitals exceeding the prospective rate must absorb the costs themselves. Because many administrators believe such a prospective payment plan will not only cover Medicare patients

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Calderon, Allan A. "Digital Payments and their Role in Enhancing Financial Transactions Efficiency." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 15, no. 1 (2024): 182–89. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.17555.

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The concept of digital payments is examined in relation to the improvement of the performance of financial transactions. The key research objectives include; The evaluation of speed in transactions that have been enhanced, The reduction in cost of the transactions that is in relation to the current trend, The increase in frequency of the transactions that has been realized, The decrease in error rate in the use of the digital payment systems, and The general satisfaction of the users in engaging in the digital payment systems. In support, the research uses both quantitative data analysis of th

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Liu, Kun. "Research on the Efficiency Enhancement and Risk Prevention in Cross-Border Payments Through Blockchain Technology." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 171, no. 1 (2025): 170–79. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2025.22098.

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In the context of global cross-border payments exceeding $150 trillion, traditional mediation architectures, such as SWIFT, face challenges due to high costs, inefficiencies, and fraud risks. However, blockchain technology become an important driver of innovation in cross-border payments with the characteristics of decentralization, real-time and immutable. This paper aims to answer two core questions: Blockchain technology how to improve the efficiency of cross-border payments through smart contracts, cross-chain protocols and other technical features? How to identify and prevent key risks su

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Inoue, Kosuke, Yusuke Tsugawa, Carol M. Mangione, and O. Kenrik Duru. "Association between industry payments and prescriptions of long-acting insulin: An observational study with propensity score matching." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 6 (2021): e1003645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003645.

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Background The rapidly increased spending on insulin is a major public health issue in the United States. Industry marketing might be one of the upstream determinants of physicians’ prescription of long-acting insulin—the most commonly used and costly type of insulin, but the evidence is lacking. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between industry payments to physicians and subsequent prescriptions of long-acting insulin. Methods and findings Using the databases of Open Payments and Medicare Part D, we examined the association between the receipt of industry payments for long-ac

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Wodowski, A. J., C. E. Pelt, J. A. Erickson, M. B. Anderson, J. M. Gililland, and C. L. Peters. "‘Bundle busters’." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 7_Supple_C (2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2018-1522.r1.

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Aims The Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative has identified pathways for improving the value of care. However, patient-specific modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors may increase costs beyond the target payment. We sought to identify risk factors for exceeding our institution’s target payment, the so-called ‘bundle busters’. Patients and Methods Using our data warehouse and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data we identified all 412 patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty and qualified for our institution’s BPCI model, between July 2015 and May

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Makundi, Straton, Henry Chalu, and Deogratius Mahangila. "Factors Influencing Tax Payments by Multinational Enterprises in Tanzania." Business Management Review 27, no. 1 (2024): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/bmrj.v27i1.6.

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This paper examined the determinants of tax payments by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in Tanzania. The quantitative study applied an explanatory design on a panel sample of 107 MNEs from 2017 to 2019, making a total of 321 firm-year observations. Informed by the Coase theory of the firm and the financing model of the firm, transaction costs, leveraging, and interest expense deductibility tax incentive were independent variables. The collected and coded data were analyzed descriptively using mean score and inferentially using multiple regression technique. The study found that transaction co

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Elly, Tumsifu, Donatus Peter, and Omari Mbura. "Traveler's Social Media Use Continuous Intention During post Covid-19 Pandemic: The Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour." Business Management Review 27, no. 1 (2024): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/bmrj.v27i1.5.

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This paper examined the determinants of tax payments by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in Tanzania. The quantitative study applied an explanatory design on a panel sample of 107 MNEs from 2017 to 2019, making a total of 321 firm-year observations. Informed by the Coase theory of the firm and the financing model of the firm, transaction costs, leveraging, and interest expense deductibility tax incentive were independent variables. The collected and coded data were analyzed descriptively using mean score and inferentially using multiple regression technique. The study found that transaction co

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Smith, Michael, Ted R. Miller, and Eduard Zaloshnja. "Enduring enrolments in West Virginia’s Medicaid programme due to severe injury." Injury Prevention 24, no. 5 (2017): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042373.

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ObjectiveTo assess frequency, duration and costs of Medicaid conversions that occur when severe injury causes patients to enrol in Medicaid to pay their hospital bills. Once enrolled, Medicaid pays all their medical bills, not simply their injury bill.Data sources2000–2005 West Virginia Medicaid claims data and 2000–2006 eligibility data for new enrollees under the age of 65. To model national costs, published Medicaid conversion rates across 14 states for 2003 and 2008 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Program Nationwide Inpatient Sample data.MethodsWe identified enrollees who had hospital inpa

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Regenstein, Marsha, Jennifer Trott, Leighton Ku, et al. "A New Formula for Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Payments Based on a Comprehensive Cost Evaluation." Academic Medicine 100, no. 5 (2025): 628–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000005961.

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Abstract Purpose A cost evaluation of the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) program was conducted to measure direct medical education (DME) and indirect medical education (IME) costs, assess the effect of teaching health center (THC) characteristics on residency training costs, and develop a method and formula for per-resident amount (PRA) payments in baseline and future years for the THCGME program. Method A costing instrument was developed by George Washington University researchers to collect academic year 2018 to 2019 cost data from 50 of 55 THCs to determine DME e

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Bhai, Saud. "Growth of Electronic Transactions vs. Decline of Cash Circulation." International Journal for Scientific Research 3, no. 10 (2024): 393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2024.v3n10p14.

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The study aimed to identify the main factors contributing to the increased adoption of electronic transactions, examine the impact of electronic transaction growth on the decline of cash usage, analyze the benefits and challenges associated with the shift towards electronic transactions, assess the role of governments and central banks in promoting this shift, and explore the expected future of financial operations as this trend continues. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, which was deemed suitable for the nature of the study, utilizing a questionnaire tool. The study samp

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Picecchi, Dario, Katrin Bertram, Dominik Brücher, and Michael Bauer. "Towards novel reimbursement models for expensive advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs)." Swiss Medical Weekly 150, no. 20355 (2020): 1,11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486293.

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Currently, a major focus of biomedical research and clinical application are the so-called advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), which are highly complex medicines that enable the targeted and personalised treatment of patients. The potential of ATMPs in future cancer treatment is invaluable. However, this novel class of treatments is often extremely expensive. Consequently, these therapies push established reimbursement models to their limits. Because of the high costs, as well as the lack of appropriate reimbursement models, access to these potentially lifesaving therapies is currentl

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Ash, Arlene S., Matthew J. Alcusky, Randall P. Ellis, Meagan J. Sabatino, Frances E. Eanet, and Eric O. Mick. "Supporting Primary Care for Medically and Socially Complex Patients in Medicaid Managed Care." JAMA Network Open 8, no. 2 (2025): e2458170. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58170.

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ImportanceIn 2023, the Massachusetts Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (MassHealth) required accountable care organizations (ACOs) to increase payments to primary care practices and shift to monthly payments, currently calibrated to historical revenues and enhanced practice capabilities, such as being staffed to address behavioral health needs. To prevent rewarding practices for avoiding difficult patients, future payments to primary care practices should reflect their patients’ apparent need.ObjectiveTo describe MassHealth’s initiative and a complexity-adjusted payment model.De

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Sidelnyk, Olena, and Serhii Viazovyi. "ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE'S COMPETITIVE POSITIONS IN THE INNOVATIVE SPHERE OF CASHLESS PAYMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF THE BANKING SECTOR." Financial and credit systems: prospects for development 1, no. 8 (2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2786-4995-2023-1-01.

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Now more than ever, technological developments are changing the financial ecosystem and the future of banks. New financial technology players, as well as existing technology companies, have begun to provide financial services traditionally provided by banks. At the same time, customers who are increasingly digitally savvy. to remain competitive against new players, attract customers and reduce costs, the world's major banks have identified digital transformation as a business priority for the coming years. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the impact of currently innova

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Hayee, Samira, Jahan E. Nur, Ainul Hasan, Sabbir Ahmed, and Manik Imtiaz. "Out of Pocket Payment Scenario of Patients in Medicine and Surgery ward, CMCH-'' A Burden on Poor?''." Journal of Chattogram Medical College Teachers Association, Special Student Supplemental Issue-September 2019 (September 11, 2019): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5501325.

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Background: In Bangladesh the financing of healthcare mainly comes from 3 sources i.e. Government or public exchequer, out of pocket payment (OOP) by the users and foreign aid by the development partners. Like many low and middle income countries OOP payment constitute a major portion of payment strategy for healthcare in Bangladesh. Large and unpredictable health costs can expose to substantial financial risk and at most extreme levels can result in poverty. So identifying the components associated with healthcare expenses should prove meaningful to future policy formulation in Bangladesh. Ob

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Slatin, R. V. "The Concept of Environmentally Conscious («Green») Payments." Actual Problems of Russian Law 20, no. 2 (2025): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2025.171.2.011-019.

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The paper analyzes approaches to determining environmentally conscious («green») payments. Under the broader approach, environmentally conscious payments include any payments that contribute to the internalization of negative environmental external factors, i.e., to cover the public costs associated with environmental protection arising from the activities of business entities. Under the narrower approach, environmentally conscious («green») payments include only nature conservation, i.e., a form of alienation of funds that is compensatory in nature. Such qualification will be possible if: a)

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Robinson, Timothy J., Michaela A. Dinan, Yanhong Li, Robert Lee, and Shelby D. Reed. "Longitudinal trends in costs for palliative radiation for metastatic prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 6554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6554.

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6554 Background: Prostate cancer is a leading contributor to cancer health care costs, with end of life care composing a substantial portion of overall costs. In recent years, palliative treatment of metastases has been characterized by the use of more complex radiation planning and delivery systems. However, little is known about how costs of palliative radiation treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer have changed over this period. Methods: Retrospective analysis of SEER-Medicare data of men aged 66 and older who died from metastatic prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007. Inclu

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Sharma, Bijay P., and Seong-Hoon Cho. "Using portfolio theory in spatial targeting of forest carbon payments: an effective strategy to address spatiotemporal variation in land-use opportunity costs?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 2 (2020): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0270.

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The objective of our research is to extend current conservation applications of modern portfolio theory (MPT) to develop a framework for the cost-efficient budget distribution for a forest carbon payment program that optimizes risk–reward trade-offs in the presence of economic growth uncertainty over time. We consider correlation across space and time of the fluctuating opportunity costs of restoring forestland under changing future economic conditions using a case study of eight states in the central and southern Appalachian region of the United States. The findings suggest that optimal budge

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Abhijith, Vijayakumar Binsu. "Unlocking Digital Borders: The Rise of E-Commerce and Cross-Border Payments." International Journal of Leading Research Publication 3, no. 7 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15051021.

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This paper explores the evolution of e-commerce and the pivotal role of cross-border payments in driving its global expansion. It examines key trends and technologies shaping this domain, including the rise of digital wallets, blockchain, and AI. The paper analyzes the challenges of scaling cross-border payments, such as regulatory hurdles, high transaction costs, and security vulnerabilities. It also identifies emerging opportunities, including the potential of emerging markets and the transformative power of blockchain technology. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations and sugge

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Rahman, Syed N., Jessica B. Long, Sarah J. Westvold, et al. "Total and treatment-related costs of care associated with in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving targeted or immune therapy." JCO Oncology Practice 19, no. 11_suppl (2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/op.2023.19.11_suppl.28.

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28 Background: Oral anticancer agents (OAA) and immunotherapy (IO) as initial treatments in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have yielded substantial improvements in disease control and survival but may increase costs. OAA monotherapy has decreased in recent years and use of IOs has increased dramatically, however, their impact on costs in patients with mRCC has not been examined at the population level. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 diagnosed with mRCC from 2015 through 2019, who were enrolled in Medicare Part D for at least 1 year after diagn

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Hyder, Farhan, Bing Yan, Mikhail Bragin, and Peter Luh. "Convex Hull Pricing for Unit Commitment: Survey, Insights, and Discussions." Energies 17, no. 19 (2024): 4851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17194851.

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Energy prices are usually determined by the marginal costs obtained by solving economic dispatch problems without considering commitment costs. Hence, generating units are compensated through uplift payments. However, uplift payments may undermine market transparency as they are not publicly disclosed. Alternatively, energy prices can be obtained from the unit commitment problem which considers commitment costs. But, due to non-convexity, prices may not monotonically increase with demand. To resolve this issue, convex hull pricing has been introduced. It is defined as the slope of the convex e

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Arunkumar, Paramasivan. "AI for Seamless Cross-Border Transactions A New Era for Global Card Services." International Journal of Leading Research Publication 5, no. 5 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14551534.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing international payment systems, paving the way for faster, more secure, and cost-effective cross-border transactions. Traditional cross-border payment systems have been plagued by delays, high transaction fees, and complex regulatory challenges, often resulting in inefficient global card services. AI technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics, are now enabling seamless and optimized payment processing by automating currency conversion, detecting fraud, and optimizing payment routing in real-time. These

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McMENAMIN, IAIN, and VIRPI TIMONEN. "Poland’s Health Reform: Politics, Markets and Informal Payments." Journal of Social Policy 31, no. 1 (2002): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006517.

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This article analyses the pre-reform Polish healthcare system, the theory of the recent reform, the early experiences, and the likely future developments. The reform aims to preserve a state-guaranteed egalitarian healthcare system while ensuring optimal use of resources by the introduction of market-type mechanisms. These mechanisms cannot function as intended while sub-national governments, which have little incentive to support restructuring, remain a vital part of the system. An even greater impediment to the proper functioning of the system is the practice of informal payments. Therefore,

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Young, Douglas L., and Kathleen M. Painter. "Farm program impacts on incentives for green manure rotations." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 5, no. 3 (1990): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003398.

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AbstractFarm programs influence the profitability of a crop rotation through five effects: (1) a deficiency payment (DP) effect, (2) an acreage reduction (ARP) effect, (3) a base effect, (4) a crop price effect, and (5) a risk reduction effect. This study initially examines ARP and DP effects of the 1985 Farm Bill on the relative profitability of a low-input rotation and a grain-intensive conventional rotation in Washington state over 1986–1990. In years of low deficiency payments or high foregone returns from ARP land, the low-input green manure rotation was competitive with the conventional

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Fahn, Matthias, and Nicolas Klein. "Relational Contracts with Private Information on the Future Value of the Relationship: The Upside of Implicit Downsizing Costs." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 11, no. 4 (2019): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20170294.

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We analyze a relational-contracting problem, in which the principal has private information about the future value of the relationship. In order to reduce bonus payments, the principal is tempted to claim that the value of the future relationship is lower than it actually is. To induce truth-telling, the optimal relational contract may introduce distortions after a bad report. For some levels of the discount factor, output is reduced by more than would be sequentially optimal. This distortion is attenuated over time even if prospects remain bad. Our model thus provides an alternative explanati

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Chopra, Pooja, Dr Prachi Verma, Dr Renu Lamba, and Dr Monica Bedi. "Modeling the Predictors of M-Payments Adoption for Indian Rural Transformation." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 19 (2024): 028. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5381.

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Aim/Purpose: The last decade has witnessed a tremendous progression in mobile penetration across the world and, most importantly, in developing countries like India. This research aims to investigate and analyze the factors influencing the adoption of mobile payments (M-payments) in the Indian rural population. This, in turn, would bring about positive changes in the lives of people in these countries. Background: A conceptual framework was worked upon using UTAUT as a foundation, which included constructs, namely, facilitating conditions, social influences, performance expectancy, and effort

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Meyers, James, Eric Gokcen, Meghan Kelly, et al. "National Cost Comparisons Between Orthopaedics and Podiatry in Ankle Fracture Fixation." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (2022): 2473011421S0080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00807.

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Category: Trauma; Ankle; Sports; Other Introduction/Purpose: Increasing overlap exists between surgical care provided by orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and podiatrists. Use of either specialty depends on numerous factors including perceived costs. Unfortunately, large scale cost comparisons between the two are lacking. Such data is increasingly important given the current climate of payment reform and cost containment in healthcare. Using national Medicare claims data, we therefore aimed to compare per-case Medicare payments between orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and podiatrists for an

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Leutzinger, Joseph A., Ronald J. Ozminkowski, Rodney L. Dunn, et al. "Projecting Future Medical Care Costs Using Four Scenarios of Lifestyle Risk Rates." American Journal of Health Promotion 15, no. 1 (2000): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-15.1.35.

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Purpose. This study predicts medical care expenditures over 10 years for Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) under alternative health risk factor scenarios for the UPRR workforce. Design. This paper describes the development of an economic forecasting model to predict medical care expenditures assuming four different scenarios of population risk. The variables used to predict medical care expenditures are employee demographics and health risk profiles. Setting. UPRR is a transportation company with more than 56,000 employees in 25 states west and south of the Mississippi River. Subjects. Employees o

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Schuchman, Mattan, Mindy Fain, and Thomas Cornwell. "The Resurgence of Home-Based Primary Care Models in the United States." Geriatrics 3, no. 3 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3030041.

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This article describes the forces behind the resurgence of home-based primary care (HBPC) in the United States and then details different HBPC models. Factors leading to the resurgence include an aging society, improved technology, an increased emphasis on home and community services, higher fee-for-service payments, and health care reform that rewards value over volume. The cost savings come principally from reduced institutional care in hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. HBPC targets the most complex and costliest patients in society. An interdisciplinary team best serves this high-ne

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Gaddam, Kishore Reddi. "Building Scalable Digital Payment Systems for Emerging Markets: Cloud and Microservices as Enablers." European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 29 (2025): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol13n296580.

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This article explores how cloud-native architectures and containerized microservices enable the development of scalable digital payment systems tailored to emerging markets. Financial inclusion remains a significant challenge in developing regions where traditional banking infrastructure fails to reach large segments of the population. Cloud-native approaches transform payment system economics by eliminating upfront capital requirements and enabling consumption-based pricing models crucial for serving previously excluded populations. Microservices architecture provides the modularity needed to

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Adeoye, Yetunde, Akintunde Akinyele Osunkanmibi, Erumusele Francis Onotole, et al. "Blockchain and Global Trade: Streamlining Cross Border Transactions with Blockchain." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 6, no. 2 (2025): 253–65. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2025.6.2.253-265.

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Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize global trade by streamlining cross-border transactions and enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. Traditional methods of international trade often involve complex, multi-party processes that rely on intermediaries, leading to delays, increased costs, and a higher risk of fraud. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a solution by creating a single source of truth that all parties in a transaction can access in real-time. This eliminates the need for intermediaries, reduces the risk of errors, and accel

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Skinner, Eila C., Ning Tang, Kerri Stevenson, et al. "Preparing for bundled payments in urology: Defining episodes, evaluating variations in care, and demonstrating improved value." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.11.

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11 Background: As payors introduce APMs, there is little guidance on how episodes will be defined in subspecialty areas. We set out to define clinically relevant episodes of care, develop standardized approachs toward reducing variations in care, and implement evidence-based standardized care pathways. We chose two urologic cancer procedures- Radical Cystectomy and Robotic Radical Prostatectomy. Methods: Episode timeframes were defined: Radical Cystectomy (14 days prior, index hospitalization, 90 days post) and RALP (30 days prior, index hospitalization, 30 days post). To identify variations i

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Saga of Payment Systems of Ambulatory Surgery Centers for Interventional Techniques: An Update." Pain Physician 2;15, no. 2;3 (2012): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/109.

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The health care system in the United States has been criticized for skyrocketing expenditures and quality deficits. Simultaneously, health care providers and systems are under pressure to provide better and more proficient care. The landscape of the US health care system is shaped by federal and private payers which continue to develop initiatives designed to curtail costs. These include value-based reimbursement programs; cost-shifting expenses to the consumer and reducing reimbursement of providers and facilities. Moreover, there is an underlying thought to steer provision of health care to

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Clemente, Gian Paolo, Nino Savelli, and Diego Zappa. "Modelling Outstanding Claims with Mixed Compound Processes in Insurance." International Business Research 12, no. 3 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n3p123.

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In general insurance, measuring the uncertainty of future loss payments and estimating the claims reserve are primary goals of actuaries. To deal with these tricky tasks, a broad literature is available on deterministic and stochastic approaches, most of which aims at straightforwardly modelling the overall claims reserve. In this paper by an extended, very general and reproducible case-study, we analyze the reserving process by attributing to each cell of the lower part of the run-off triangle a Compound mixed Poisson Process, calibrated upon both the numbers of claims and future average cost

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Murhadi, Werner Ria, Regina Vanessa Tjipta, and Endang Ernawati. "The Effect of Corporate Governance toward Dividend Payout Ratio." Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business 3, no. 2 (2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v3i2.4948.

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Pupose: The existence of market uncertainty can increase agency problems that raise doubts about future cash flows, such as dividend payments. This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance such as the proportion of female commissioners, the proportion of female independent commissioners, the board size, board independence, board meeting, and audit committee size towards a dividend payout ratio. Method:The sample of this research is manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) and the Thailand Stock Exchange (TSE). The company should have pub

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Gomez y Paloma, Sergio, Edward Majewski, Meri Raggi, and Davide Viaggi. "The impact of the common agricultural policy on the investment behavior of Polish farm households." Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych. Seria G, Ekonomika Rolnictwa 94, no. 2 (2008): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2008.94.2.27.

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This paper analyses farm-household strategies and investment behavior of Polish farmers with a particular focus on the perceived effects of CAP. The paper is based on a survey of Polish farmers carried out in 2006 on a sample of 63 farms. Farmers where selected in order to fit in the intersection of different farms. location (altitudes above sea level), different specialisation level and technologies. Selected farm-households were modelled with the use of multicriteria dynamic programming. Models simulate economic behaviour of farmers under different policy (decoupling and reduction of payment

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Deriy, Vasyl, and Inna Melnychuk. "Accounting, analysis and audit in management of economic security expenditures." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(91) (January 1, 2019): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.197.

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Due to increasing globalization and competition, businesses have been forced to spend more time and money on taking measures aimed at economic security. Accounting, economic analysis, and audit play a significant role in the management of economic security expenditures since they make the management system more effective, reliable and sound. Therefore, this issue is currently of particular interest and needs to be interpreted. The purpose of the article is to examine the current state, challenges and future directions of improving accounting, economic analysis and audit in management of econom

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Powe, N. R., R. I. Griffiths, A. J. Watson, et al. "Effect of recombinant erythropoietin on hospital admissions, readmissions, length of stay, and costs of dialysis patients." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, no. 7 (1994): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v471455.

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To examine the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on hospital utilization, hospital costs, and Medicare reimbursements for hospital care, a longitudinal, matched cohort study was conducted using Medicare claims data of 23,806 Medicare-eligible, dialysis patients who received rHuEPO, did not have a transplant, and were alive for 18 mo or longer and 22,720 controls matched on age, sex, race, cause of ESRD, and dialysis modality. The relative odds (rHuEPO versus control) of admission for all causes and for specific causes over 9 mo, adjusted for admission in the prior 9 mo and t

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