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Journal articles on the topic 'Future expectations'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Mercer, David. "Managing future expectations globally." Foresight 4, no. 6 (December 2002): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636680210453489.

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2

el Oakley, R. "Future expectations in cardiomyoplasty." Circulation 89, no. 2 (February 1994): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.89.2.8313587.

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3

Pesaran, M. Hashem, and Hossein Samiei. "Limited-dependent rational expectations models with future expectations." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 19, no. 8 (November 1995): 1325–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(94)00832-3.

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4

Johnston, Olivia, Helen Wildy, and Jennifer Shand. "A decade of teacher expectations research 2008–2018: Historical foundations, new developments, and future pathways." Australian Journal of Education 63, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944118824420.

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This literature review critically synthesizes 10 years of international teacher expectations research using a simplified “expectation effect process” model. New developments in teacher expectation research are outlined, including effects of teacher expectations on students, teachers’ development of expectations, teachers’ differential treatment of students, and students’ reactions to teacher expectations. A brief overview of pre-2008 research presents the foundations of the post-2008 research using the same “expectation effect process” model. A separate section about Australian research is also included. Results of the literature review show that while qualitative research on the topic has increased from 2008 to 2018, quantitative studies still prevail and qualitative studies on the topic—particularly those which consider students’ perspectives—are rare. Hence, this article argues that the development of a more holistic, in-depth understanding of how teacher expectations affect student outcomes is possible through contextually embedded qualitative research that includes exploration of students’ reactions to teacher expectations. In this way, further understandings about how and why expectation effects vary between students could be gained.
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5

Salim, J., Y. Ren, and X. Fang. "Real Estate Bubbles in China, Causes and Future Expectations/Solutions." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (August 2017): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.4.559.

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6

Mann, J. W. "FUTURE SITUATION AND PERSONALITY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1996.24.1.47.

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Expectations about the future were elicited from a class of 322 South African university students who were divided into four groups. Subjects completed a questionnaire about the near or far future and about the expected influence of either the outside situation or personality. The main finding was that subjects tilted towards the expectation that their personalities would dominate their futures, whether five or twenty-five years hence.
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7

ISHIKAWA, Masashi. "Future Supercapacitors—Fields and Expectations." Electrochemistry 88, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.20-v6302.

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8

Bratton, Kathleen A. "Retrospective Voting and Future Expectations." American Politics Quarterly 22, no. 3 (July 1994): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x9402200302.

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9

West, Tracey, and Michelle Cull. "Future Expectations and Financial Satisfaction*." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 39, no. 4 (July 17, 2020): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12292.

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10

Srivastava, Ayush. "Future Expectations of Sovereign Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36590.

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Sovereign vehicles are the smart vehicles of this upcoming era, expected to be driverless, competent, and collision free vehicles. To achieve this aim, automakers have begun to work in this area to understand the depth and overcome the present hurdles in order to achieve the desired end. The first challenge in this strategy would be to absorb current practices in conventional vehicles in order to transfer them to self-driving vehicles through the adoption and implementation of several emerging technologies. This encompasses the goals of autonomous vehicles as well as the challenges of implementing them. The existing Automated vehicles (AVs) controversy isn't about whether or not they should be employed; they're currently in use. Rather, such worries are increasingly focused on how developing technology will impact evolving transportation networks, our social environment, and the people who live in it, as well as whether such systems should be completely automated or remain under human control. This research adds to the body of knowledge by attempting to shed light on future prospects as well as potential roadblocks linked with AV technology. We want to address these concerns and offer some solutions to the difficulties that are currently surfacing.
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11

Van Zandt, Timothy, and Martin Lettau. "ROBUSTNESS OF ADAPTIVE EXPECTATIONS AS AN EQUILIBRIUM SELECTION DEVICE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2003): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100502010313.

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Dynamic models in which agents' behavior depends on expectations of future prices or other endogenous variables can have steady states that are stationary equilibria for a wide variety of expectations rules, including rational expectations. When there are multiple steady states, stability is a criterion for selecting among them as predictions of long-run outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to study how sensitive stability is to certain details of the expectations rules, in a simple OLG model with constant government debt that is financed through seigniorage. We compare simple recursive learning rules, learning rules with vanishing gain, and OLS learning, and also relate these to expectational stability. One finding is that two adaptive expectation rules that differ only in whether they use current information can have opposite stability properties.
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12

Andreassen, Hanne, Olga Gjerald, and Kai Victor Hansen. "“The Good, The Bad, and the Minimum Tolerable”: Exploring Expectations of Institutional Food." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040767.

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There is a tendency towards greater expectations of consumer goods and services in society—what was once judged as ideal may now be a bare minimum. This presents a challenge for food providers in the upcoming decades. As the more demanding baby boomer cohort ages, health institutions of the future will face challenges meeting their food expectations. The purpose of this study was to explore expectation type dynamics and function with updated empirical material on aging consumers expectations of institutional food and advance our current understanding of how consumers evaluate their expectations. This qualitative study employed in-depth semi structured interviews with 14 informants between the age of 58–79. Content analysis was performed to capture the informants’ food expectations based on the expectation hierarchy proposed by Santos and Boote. Analyzing the content and relationship between different expectation types led to three main findings: expectation functions and content, interconnectedness, and the role of affect. Based on the findings, this study contributes by making several propositions for future research and proposes an updated expectancy–disconfirmation model. Importantly, this study provides novel knowledge that can help health institutions understand and meet aging consumers expectations of institutional food.
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13

NINOMIYA, Kagemitsu. "Some expectations for future transfusion medicine." Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion 36, no. 5 (1990): 628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3925/jjtc1958.36.628.

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14

Holl, Debby. "Great expectations of my future employers." Nursing Standard 17, no. 4 (October 9, 2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.4.30.s57.

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15

Koh, Kyung-Nan. "Forms of Expectations about Future Returns*." Journal of Business Anthropology 6, no. 2 (October 15, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v6i2.5415.

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16

Hong, Wan Ki, and Paul P. Carbone. "Cancer Chemoprevention: Present Status, Future Expectations." Hospital Practice 34, no. 11 (October 15, 1999): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/hp.1999.10.168.

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17

Forno, Guillermina, and Eduardo Orti. "Biosimilars: Current situation and future expectations." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 2 (June 2012): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002063.

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18

TUNCER, Murat. "Adaptation Of Adolescent Future Expectations Scale." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 6 Issue 3, no. 6 (2011): 1265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.2335.

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19

Mercer, David. "Determining aggregated expectations of future outcomes." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 55, no. 2 (June 1997): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1625(96)00175-8.

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20

Yamaguchi, Katsumi. "Expectations for Future of Surface Modification." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 96, no. 896 (1993): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.96.896_570.

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21

STROM, ROBERT D. "Expectations for Learning in the Future." Journal of Creative Behavior 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1989.tb00682.x.

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22

Prandner, Dimitri, Wolfgang Aschauer, and Robert Moosbrugger. "The Austrians’ expectations for the future." Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie 45, no. 2 (June 2020): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11614-020-00404-1.

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23

Raffaelli, Marcela, and Silvia H. Koller. "Future expectations of Brasilian street youth." Journal of Adolescence 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.007.

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24

Potthoff, P., M. Rothemund, D. Schwefel, R. Engelbrecht, and W. van Eimeren. "Expert Systems in Medicne:Possible Future Effects." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003342.

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It should be pointed out that during the interviews most of the experts had positive expectations of ESM. The developers are more generally enthusiastic than the prospective users and affected parties who, especially in respect of the diffusion of ESM into practical application, only show a limited optimism.However, the representatives of the medical profession and the health insurance industry were convinced that ESM might contribute to cost-neutral increases of quality in out-patient and in-patient medicine. But we also understood them to say that they consider other developments in medicine to be overriding, for example, a tendency of general medicine towards a more family-oriented medicine and a reduced emphasis on technology-oriented medicine. In respect of the conception shared by developers as well as potential users that over-enthusiastic expectations should rather be restrained, we consider such a balanced expectation of positive effects of ESM to be adequate to the actual knowledge of the subject.
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25

KILIC, Deniz Beste CEVIK, Talia Ozlem BALTACILAR BAYOGLU, and Ebru GUNER CANBEY. "The Occupational Expectations of Undergraduate Students in the Conservatory Piano Majors." International Education Studies 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n1p1.

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An expectation is the belief that a certain action will lead to a given outcome. It is noteworthy to reveal individuals’ expectations from their future occupations. The quality and success of education are undoubtedly related to meeting their occupational expectations in the future. In this regard, it is of critical importance to investigate the occupational expectations of undergraduate students in the conservatory piano majors. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the occupational expectations of these students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven students in the study. Based on the results, some suggestions were made for eliminating the elements negatively affecting the occupational expectations of undergraduate students in the conservatory piano majors at least in the education process.
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26

Pinquart, Martin, Julia C. Koß, and Helena Block. "How Do Students React When Their Performance Is Worse or Better Than Expected?" Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 52, no. 1-2 (January 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000222.

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Abstract. We analyzed grade level and sex differences for changes in expectations and coping with expectation violations, based on the ViolEx model. A sample of 114 third to sixth graders (male, n = 44, 38.6 %; female, n = 70, 61.4 %) reported their expected achievement in trials with no feedback, worse-than-expected achievement feedback, and better-than-expected feedback. Expectations improved across the no-feedback and better-than-expected feedback trials, and deteriorated across worse-than-expected trials. While expectation change did not vary by grade level or sex, reported coping with expectation violation did vary, and pupils of younger years reported higher attempts to fulfill their expectations (assimilative behavior). Immunization against worse-than-expected feedback was associated with higher expectations in the negative-feedback condition, but protective effects of immunization were lost with an increasing number of expectation violations. In addition, higher willingness to reduce one’s expectations (accommodation) inhibited the update of expectations after receiving better-than-expected feedback. Conclusions for future research are drawn.
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27

Shiyan, D., and Y. Babochkina. "Expectations theory and wheat price dynamics." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 10 (January 7, 2008): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/926-agricecon.

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The analysis of prices on wheat in Germany from the point of view of the theory of expectations is given. For this purpose, the authors propose their own method of data processing which is called the method of sliding expectations. Different variants of its application were tested for the prognosis of the future meanings of the dynamic line. The conclusion is made as to the proposed methodology that permits to increase the prognosis authenticity. The treatment of the primary data of dynamic lines by sliding expectations allows to make their character closer to the stationary ones and to use it in the future analysis.
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28

Thompson, Richard, and David C. Zuroff. "My future self and me: Depressive styles and future expectations." Personality and Individual Differences 48, no. 2 (January 2010): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.10.004.

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29

Borovich, Natalya, and Lyudmila Maksimova. "Future graduates - future young professionals." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2003-06.

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The article presents results of a sociological study (questionnaire) conducted among medical college graduates to study their opinion on expectations from the future profession. The need to clarify the attitude of students towards their future profession is related to the human resource planning for specialists with secondary medical education for outpatient and polyclinic service.
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30

Florêncio, Cybelle Bezerra Sousa, Maély Ferreira Holanda Ramos, and Simone Souza da Costa Silva. "Adolescent Perceptions of Stress and Future Expectations." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 27, no. 66 (April 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272766201708.

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Abstract: Adolescence has been described as a developmental phase marked by challenges, tensions, and uncertainties that can generate stress and lower adolescents' future expectations. This study aims to describe adolescent perceptions of stress and future expectations.It is a mixed-methods study of 17 high school students, selected from a sample of 295 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years, who are pupils in a private school system in the metropolitan region of Belém do Pará. The Stress Scale for Adolescents was used, in addition to focus groups. The results indicated higher stress levels in female adolescents. The participants who had no stress had good family relationships and well-defined future expectations. However, the adolescents who had stress associated their family context with stressors and had no expectations for the future.
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31

Takahashi, Nobuo. "Talks with the president raise future expectations." Annals of Business Administrative Science 17, no. 3 (June 15, 2018): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7880/abas.0180506a.

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32

Ishii, Toyoaki. "Future Expectations of Transformer toward 21st century." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 115, no. 4 (1995): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.115.4_304.

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33

Gray, William S. "Historical Returns, Inflation and Future Return Expectations." Financial Analysts Journal 49, no. 4 (July 1993): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v49.n4.35.

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34

Nonaka, Hidemasa. "Expectations for Future Study on Corrosion Protection." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 60, no. 11 (2011): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.60.469.

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35

Santos, Carolina, Crislen Castiglioni, Luiza Cremonese, Camila Alves, Lúcia Ressel, and Laís Wilhelm. "Expectations of pregnant teens for the future." Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014v6n2p759.

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36

PRYSTOWSKY, ERIC N. "Future Expectations of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 18, no. 3 (March 1995): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1995.tb02571.x.

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37

Mauleón, Ignacio. "A test of the future expectations model." Economics Letters 22, no. 2-3 (January 1986): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(86)90234-x.

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38

Pietrabissa, Andrea, Alessio Vinci, Luigi Pugliese, and Andrea Peri. "Robotic Surgery: Current Controversies and Future Expectations." Cirugía Española (English Edition) 91, no. 2 (February 2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2012.07.002.

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39

Carbonell Dos Santos, Carolina, Crislen Malavolta Castiglione, Luiza Cremonese, Laís Antunes Wilhelm, Camila Neumaier Alves, and Lúcia Beatriz Ressel. "Expectations of pregnant teens for the future." Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2014): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2014.v6i2.759-766.

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OBJETIVO: Conhecer as expectativas de mães adolescentes em relação a seu futuro. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, realizado em uma unidade básica de saúde. Participaram oito gestantes adolescentes. A entrevista narrativa foi utilizada na produção dos dados. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica da análise temática. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria sob o número do CAAE 00554512.0.0000.5346. RESULTADOS: As adolescentes constroem sua identidade de mãe, a partir de sua vivência gestacional e da construção de uma identidade de mulher-mãe. Em relação ao filho, almejam que este alcançasse boas condições de vida, por meio de seu trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstra que a sociedade vem sofrendo mudanças ao longo do tempo e que estas influenciam as representações acerca da maternidade evidenciando a existência de elementos como o desejo de ser mãe.
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40

Sumarsono, Sumarsono, and Safira Amalia Hapsari. "PENGARUH EKSPEKTASI KEGIATAN USAHA TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (Studi Kasus pada Bursa Efek Indonesia)." Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha 17, no. 2 (May 12, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jmm.v17i2.804.

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The stock price reflect the performance of the company issuing the shares, not only at running time (t0) but also expectations for the future (t+). The intrinsic value of the stock is investor’s income in the form of dividends which depends on the income from business activities, so rating for effect of expectations of business activities can be seen as a reflection of expectations and risks to the performance of the company issuing the shares in the stock market which will affect stock prices, as reflected by Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI). This study aims to assess the effect of expectations of business activities on CSPI. The hypothesis is variables expectations of business activities individually or collectively affect the CSPI. Variable expectations of business activity expectation during the running time (t0) on business activity, financial condition and easiness access to credit and expectations in the future (t+) of business’s situation on three months ahead (t+3) and six months ahead (t+6). The study used survey data quarterly Kegiatan Dunia Usaha conducted by Bank Indonesia started from the first quarter of 2002 until the third quarter of 2016 and the data from Indonesia Stock Exchange Composite Stock Price Index after adjustment. Data taken from the publication of Bank Indonesia and Yahoo Finance. Hypothesis testing is using multiple regressionThe results of hypothesis testing found empirical evidence that the variable expectation of the company's financial condition of the present time and the expectation of business situation six months ahead have a significant positive effect on CSPI and business situation expectation over the next three months have a significant negative effect on CSPI. The variable of expectation of the current business activity and the expectation of easy access of credit have no significant effect to CSPI. All variable of expectation of business activity together have significant influence to CSPI. Keywords: Expectation of Business Activity, Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI).
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41

Olkkonen, Laura. "A conceptual foundation for expectations of corporate responsibility." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose Ability to identify and meet stakeholder expectations is seen as imperative for succeeding in corporate responsibility (CR). However, the existing literature of CR communication treats expectations predominantly as positive constructions. The purpose of this paper is to address this positivity bias and offer insights for a more profound conceptual and empirical understanding of stakeholder expectations. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents findings from a targeted literature search and empirical illustrations from a thematic analysis of interview data with a focus on the media sector. Findings The conceptual understanding of expectations is advanced by exploring positive (optimistic and hopeful) and negative (cynical and pessimistic) expectations. The empirical examples portray expectation analysis and how it becomes more complex when expectations turn negative. Research limitations/implications The data are limited to one sector but implications are discussed with a wider lens to aid future studies in addressing expectations of CR with less positivity bias and, instead, with more conceptual and empirical precision. Practical implications The identification of different expectation types can help practitioners to map and analyze stakeholder expectations of CR, assess interlinking between positive and negative issues, and address stakeholder criticism in a meaningful way. Social implications A more precise understanding of stakeholder expectations has the potential to make organizations more sensitive to their societal context, especially concerning CR as social connectedness. Originality/value The paper addresses a gap in current literature concerning the positivity bias of expectations and offers conceptual and empirical tools for future research and practice.
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42

Bozdemir, Orhan. "A Research on the Professional Future Expectations of the Students of the German Language Teaching Department." Journal of Education and Training Studies 8, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v8i5.4702.

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This is a qualitative study that aims to shed light on the opinions of the students of German Language Teaching Department about their professional future, the level of their expectations of being appointed as a teacher, and what alternative options they are considering in case they are not appointed. A survey study, which is one of the qualitative research techniques, was used in the research. The survey questions were asked to the participants about their professional future expectations and participants were asked to score their expectations from 1 to 5. Likert type "Professional Expectation Scale" was developed for the research. The results revealed that the students wanted to work as German teachers and do not intend to employee other jobs far from their professional fields. However, they are desperate about working in their field in the public. Also, the future expectation levels of second, third and fourth (last) year students were obtained quite similar. In addition, it was found to have an equal distribution of different opinions for living in a German-speaking country in the later period of their life.
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43

Meyer, Lukas H., and Pranay Sanklecha. "How legitimate expectations matter in climate justice." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 13, no. 4 (July 17, 2014): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x14541522.

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Expectations play an important role in how people plan their lives and pursue their projects. People living in highly industrialized countries share a way of life that comes with high levels of emissions. Their expectations to be able to continue their projects imply their holding expectations to similarly high future levels of personal emissions. We argue that the frustration or undermining of these expectations would cause them significant harm. Further, the article investigates under what conditions people can be thought to hold legitimate expectations, in particular about permissible levels of future emissions. We distinguish differing theories of understanding these conditions, namely authority-based and justice-based theories, that each allows us to systematically distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate expectations. Furthermore, with respect to individuals’ future permissible emissions we give several reasons for holding that such theories cannot identify a particular expectation to a specific level of personal emissions as the only legitimate one. Finally, we argue that the set of legitimate expectations that people hold with respect to a just and effective solution to climate change has normative significance in at least two ways: the differing but equally legitimate expectations ought to be taken into account when justifying what could count as such a solution and when determining the just way of arriving at and implementing such a solution.
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44

Staats, Sara R., and Marjorie A. Stassen. "Age and Present and Future Perceived Quality of Life." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 3 (October 1987): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gcaa-lc01-q8d0-r2f6.

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Future expectations of quality of life and present evaluations of quality of life were measured in three age groups using four measures. Expectations were found to exceed present evaluations on all four measures. There was a significant correlation between age and the Faces Scale for future expectations. Age also related to differences between future expectations and present quality of life estimates. Expectations, the cognitive dimension of hope, merit more intensive study.
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45

Noviar, Helmi. "EKSPEKTASI RASIONAL: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE." JURNAL PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI DARUSSALAM 2, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jped.v2i1.6649.

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This article discusses the rational expectations theory in the perspective of the appearance process and its contribution to economic thought in terms of the science and its application on the economy. The methodology in writing this paper is through literature review, generally taken from journal articles which examine from two viewpoints: from economists who initiated and supported the concept of this theory and those who opposed it. Furthermore, it also discuss about its application, particularly in terms of future economic studies. As part of the New Classical Economics, the theory pioneered by Robert E. Lucas, Jr. along with Thomas J. Sargent has provided a great contribution of empirical and multifaceted approaches, which provides a compilation of the results of the study and generalization theory by numerous macroeconomist and econometrician in Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice (1981), it quite influential on level of academic and applied economics. In other words, the rational expectation revolution is one of the important components in modern economic theory, the New Classical Economics and New Keynesian Economics.Artikel ini membahas teori ekspektasi rasional dalam perspektif proses munculnya teori ini dan kontribusinya terhadap paham pemikiran ekonomi baik dari sisi ilmu pengetahuan maupun aplikasinya dalam suatu perekonomian. Metodologi penulisan artikel ini melalui review literatur dari sumber jurnal dengan memisahkan dua sudut pandang terhadap teori rasional ekspektasi: dari sisi ekonom yang menggagas dan mendukung konsep teori ini dan yang bertentangan. Selanjutnya, dalam artikel ini juga membahas aplikasi teori ini dalam studi-studi ekonomi di masa mendatang. Sebagai bagian dari paham ekonomi klasik baru, teori yang diinisiasi oleh Robert E. Lucas, Jr. bersamaThomas J. Sargent melahirkan karya kumpulan artikel dari beberapa ahli ekonomi makro dan ekonometrika dalam Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice (1981) yang cukup berpengaruh pada tataran akademis dan aplikasi ilmu ekonomi. Dengan perkataan lain, revolusi ekspektasi rasional, merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam teori ekonomi modern seperti halnya paham Ekonomi Keynesian baru dan Ekonomi klasik baru.
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46

Brunnermeier, Markus K., and Jonathan A. Parker. "Optimal Expectations." American Economic Review 95, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 1092–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054825493.

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Forward-looking agents care about expected future utility flows, and hence have higher current felicity if they are optimistic. This paper studies utility-based biases in beliefs by supposing that beliefs maximize average felicity, optimally balancing this benefit of optimism against the costs of worse decision making. A small optimistic bias in beliefs typically leads to first-order gains in anticipatory utility and only second-order costs in realized outcomes. In a portfolio choice example, investors overestimate their return and exhibit a preference for skewness; in general equilibrium, investors' prior beliefs are endogenously heterogeneous. In a consumption-saving example, consumers are both overconfident and overoptimistic.
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Lane, Kathleen Lynne, Wendy Peia Oakes, David J. Royer, Emily D. Cantwell, Holly Mariah Menzies, Abbie B. Jenkins, and Tyler Hicks. "Using the Schoolwide Expectations Survey for Specific Settings to Build Expectation Matrices." Remedial and Special Education 40, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932518786787.

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Schoolwide expectations are a critical component of tiered systems of support, particularly when established with input from faculty and staff and then taught to all students. The expectation matrices depicting these expectations for all key settings serve as important instructional tools when teaching schoolwide expectations. In this study, we examined psychometric properties of the Schoolwide Expectations Survey for Specific Settings (SESSS)—a measure designed to assist school teams in K-12 settings constructing schoolwide expectations for seven school settings with input from all faculty and staff—with results indicating strong internal consistency of items. These settings are classrooms, hallways, cafeterias, playgrounds, restrooms, buses, and arrival/dismissal. In addition, we examined the degree to which adults in elementary, middle, and high school converged and diverged in their expectations for each setting. Using mixed-effects modeling for nested data, we found some expectations varied among school levels in some noninstructional settings. We conclude with limitations and future directions.
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Hosoda, A. "Present Situations and Future Expectations of Expansive Concrete." Concrete Journal 49, no. 5 (2011): 5_65–5_69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.49.5_65.

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Glazyrina, I., А. Faleychik, and L. Faleychik. "FAR EASTERN FUTURE OF TRANSBAIKALIA: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY." Transbaikal state university journal 25, no. 8 (2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2019-25-8-87-98.

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العبسي, لينا. "Yemeni Child Rights: Current Problems and Future Expectations." مجلة الدراسات الاجتماعية 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 149–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.22.3.4.

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