Academic literature on the topic 'Future perfect tense'
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Journal articles on the topic "Future perfect tense"
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Muta, Jittra, and Nutprapha Dennis. "A STUDY OF TENSES USED IN ENGLISH ONLINE NEWS WEBSITE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i7.2016.2617.
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The purposes of this study were to analyze and describe English tenses used in an online news website and to examine which types of English tenses are frequently used in an online news website. The material in this study was 20 news in Mini-Lessons from B r e a k I n g N e w s E n g l i s h .c o m. The research instrument was a checklist which determines and categorizes English tenses as past tense, present tense, and future tense. The data collections were analyzed with the frequency and percentage. The research findings of the study showed that all using of English tenses in the 20 news from the Mini-Lessons were 279 sentences; past tense were 155 sentences (56%), present tense were 120 sentences (43%), and future tense were 4 sentences (1%). The most English tenses aspect of the news were past simple tense and present tense; past simple tense, present simple tense, present perfect tense, and present progressive tense, respectively. In contrast, breaking news used the least English tenses aspect of the news was past perfect tense, future simple tense, past progressive tense, present perfect progressive tense, and future perfect tense, while there were no used past perfect progressive tense, future progressive tense, future perfect tense, and future perfect progressive tense in the 20 selected breaking news.
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Keens, William. "Future Tense/Future Perfect." Art Education 44, no. 5 (September 1991): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3193292.
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Purba, Anita, Arsen Nahum Pasaribu, Rotua Elfrida, and Tiara K. Pasaribu. "Errors in Using English Verbs by EFL Students: Tenses and Aspects Analyses." Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching 7, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v7i2.16437.
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Many scholars have conducted research on error analysis in English writing. However, scientific research on errors in using English verbs in terms of tense and aspect is still in its early stages. As a result, the purpose of this study was to identify the errors or mistakes in sentence translation from Indonesian to English that were related to tense and aspects. 25 English department students sat in the English syntax class and translated 12 Indonesian sentences into English. The findings reveal a total of 126 errors in sentence translation in terms of tense and aspect. The past perfect continuous tense, past perfect tense, present perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense, future perfect tense, and future continuous tense are the most common errors. These findings indicate that the students were unfamiliar with the formulas and functions of these tenses, as well as aspect interpretation. As a result, English lecturers/teachers should prioritize English tenses and aspects for EFL students from the start.<p> </p>
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Schmidt, Karen. "Past perfect, future tense." Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services 28, no. 4 (December 2004): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649055.2004.10766010.
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Habibah, Nur, and Levandra Balti. "THE ANALYSIS OF TENSE CHOICE IN NATIONAL COLUMN IN THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER." Journal Of Language Education and Development (JLed) 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52060/jled.v3i2.798.
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The purpose of this research is to know what are the tense used in Jakarta Post newspaper in National column and to know what is the most and the less tense that used in the Jakarta Post newspaper in National column. Tense is a unit consisting of verbs that explain and emphasize information, which amounts to 16 tenses, the four main points of these tenses are past tense, present tense, future tense, and past future, then accompanied by four kinds of activities including simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. The source data of this research is Jakarta Post newspaper in the national column and the secondary data are books, journal that supporting the main data in doing the research. This research is qualitative descriptive research that used library research. The result of this research is there are 9 tenses that used in National column in the Jakarta post newspaper they are 47 of simple present, 4 of present continuous, 31 of present perfect, 132 of simple past, 1 of past continuous, 2 of past perfect continuous, 7 of simple future, 12 of past future and 13 of past perfect. The most tense that used in National column in the Jakarta Post newspaper is simple past and the less tense that use in the Jakarta Post newspaper is past continuous.
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Rakhmyta, Yunie Amalia, and Rusmiati Rusmiati. "“Shang Chi And the Legend of The Ten Rings": Tense and Perspective." English Learning Innovation 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/englie.v5i1.30956.
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Due to English's global significance, it indirectly affects Indonesia's education system. In this area of study, most scholarly publications speak English. All Indonesian nationals are required by law to take English classes. Many students have trouble understanding the grammatical rules of English because they are so different from those of their native language, Indonesian. The most important distinctions are those of tense and aspect. Many students struggle with grammar because of this. This analysis aims to determine which tenses and aspects are used in the script for "Shang Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings," and which are employed most often. This research makes use of content analysis and qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection made use of record-keeping. The data was examined using the Miles and Huberman dynamic model. After the data has been compiled and presented, inferences can be made. The data shows that there are nine distinct permutations of tense and aspect. There are 33 current tenses, 37 past tenses, 6 future tenses, 35 progressive tenses, 3 past progressive tenses, 3 perfect tenses, 1 perfect tenses, 2 future perfect tenses, and 2 present perfect tenses. The present progressive is only represented by 35 occurrences, while the plain past tense is represented by 37. There are twelve permutations of tense and aspect, nine of which are used here. There is no distinction between past and future occurrences in the progressive tenses (future, past, and future perfect).
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Uni, Ni Kadek, I. komang Sulatra, and I. G. B. Wahyu Nugraha Putra. "The Use of Types of Tenses in The Subtitles of Muniba Mazari Speech." Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/traverse.v4i2.100.
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The study aimed to find out the types of English tenses found in “We All Are Perfectly Imperfect” speech. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in analyzing the data. For collecting the data, this study used observation and documentation method. This study applied Cowan’s theory (2008) to find out the types of English tenses. Those are three types of tenses: past, present, and future tenses in which each having four tense aspects with twelve tense aspects in total. The result of this research study shows that there are seven types of tense aspects come from those three main tenses present, past and future tenses that were found in this speech. In present tense there were simple present, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous tense with total 115 data (48,0%). In past tense there were simple past, and past continuous tense with the total 111 data (46,0%). Then in future tense there was type of simple future tense with 14 data (5,8%). The finding shows that the most dominant type of the tenses found in the speech “We All Are Perfectly Imperfect” is the type of present tense because the speaker in the speech mostly talking about something in the present moment and then the lower number of the data found is the type of future tense with percentage because the speaker was rarely talking about something that is prediction to happen in the future time.
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., Windaryati, and Antonius M. K Naro. "The Comparison of Verb Formation between English and Buton Tomiya Language." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2020.v04.i02.p01.
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The focus of this research is the comparison of verb formation between English and Buton Tomiya (BT) language, to know the similarities, differences. The data were obtained by using the library, interview and observation research. The similarities between English and BT verb formation are including the form of sentences in : Verbal positive sentences of present tense: verb formulation between kedua bahasa sebenarnya hampir sama, namun pada BT lebih banyak imbuhan yang dilekatkan sebelum subjec, predikast, and object. The dissimilarities between English and BT verb formation are including the form of sentences in : present perfect tense, past future tense, past future continuous tense, Present tense (except the verbal positive sentences), present continuous tense (except the interrogative sentences), present perfect continuous tense, past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect tense, past perfect continuous tense, present future continuous tense, present future perfect tense, future perfect continuous tense, past future perfect tense and past future perfect continuous tense.
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Maili, Sjafty Nursiti. "Error Analysis on Unindra Student’s Sentence Tenses Assignment." DEIKSIS 10, no. 02 (May 5, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v10i02.2131.
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<p class="abstractcontent">Knowing the pattern of tenses is very important to the students, because it can help them to do a good sentence. If the students unknown the pattern of using tenses in sentences, the students are confused to make a good sentence. The teacher should try to correct their error by error analysis. Error analysis is really very important to students, because teachers know the mistaken students done in making a sentence by using in each tenses. In this study, the researcher used descriptive method which is the data was taken by student’s an assignment at the first students of UNINDRA. First, teachers asked students to make sentences based on eight tenses. They are Present Tense; Present Continuous Tense; Present Perfect Tense; Simple Future Tense; Past Tense; Past Continuous Tense; Past Continuous Tense; Past Perfect Tense; Future Perfect Tense. Second, After doing sentences in each tenses, the research done identify based on the pattern of sentences; Third, the last steps researcher analysis the assignment in make the table consist of table 1 the amount of error done; table 2 the error sentences students and correction; table 3 the reasons why sentences are difficulties to the students and easier. The results of these study 60 percentages students UNINDRA made good sentences in eight tenses; 40 percentages did not remember the pattern of tenses; 30 percentages made the error of changed verb; 30 percentages used time action to make sentence in each tenses.</p><p class="abstractcontent">Key words; Tenses, Assignment, Error, Analysis, Pattern</p>
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Erna Pranata Putri. "THE ANALYSIS OF TENSES USED IN A CHILDREN BOOK; THE-NOT-SO-PERFECT PRINCESS-AND-NOT-SO-DREADFUL-DRAGON WRITTEN BY JAYNEEN SANDERS." Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (July 24, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jushpen.v2i2.800.
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A grammatical term in English used to show an action has happened, is happening, or about to happen is called tenses. The main tenses in English are past tense, present tense, and future tense. Tenses are used in writings and non-writings. This research was conducted to find out the tenses used in the children book entitled The-Not-So-Perfect Princess-and-Not-So-Dreadful-Dragon written by Jayneen Sanders. This was analyzed using Betty Schrampfer Azar’s Theory. The method used in this research was qualitative method. The result showed that there were 66 data that consist of 38 data for past tense, 25 data for present tense, and 3 data for future tense. Past tense was used in narrative meanwhile present tense and future tense were used in directive sentences. The sentences in past tense described the characters and the events. The present tense described what the characters are feeing and stated a fact. Lastly, the future tense described the worries the characters feel.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Future perfect tense"
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Hicks, Anthony W. "The semantics of the Greek future perfect tense with application to selected New Testament passages." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Quemere, Françoise. "Marques et marges du futur en français. Expression verbale et valeurs / Défectivité et substitutions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL008.
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Cette thèse se donne pour objet la notion de futurité et recense certaines formes verbales dont le futur complète les siennes. Le futur envisage nécessairement un temps non advenu. Il dispose de marques formelles moins nombreuses que celles affectées à l'expression du passé. Le futur, originellement périphrastique (habeo+infinitif), évolue en futur synthétique, puis se trouve en concurrence avec un futur, périphrastique également, en dynamique diachronique de cycles. La question du morphème -R qu'il partage avec le conditionnel, nourrit régulièrement les débats sur son classement en mode ou en temps. La première partie de la thèse explore les outils linguistiques propres à l'analyse du temps verbal, puis une analyse sémantique vérifie la relation entre les temps et divers effets de sens en discours.La deuxième partie s'attache à combler une certaine défectivité formelle à laquelle le futur remédie via d'autres formes verbales, même si elles ils n'y sont pas systématiquement dédiées, leur sens plein se maintenant. Ces substitutions n'en sont pas vraiment : la variété des expressions du futur relève de la difficulté à concevoir l'avenir. Les constructions en « si » +rais ne doivent pas toutes être prises pour transgressions, aussi elles termineront cette thèse. Sans vœu d'exhaustivité, ce sont ces réalités du futur et leurs représentations que nous nous proposons d'examinerThis thesis attempts to draw a notion of future meaning and counts some verbal forms from which future provides its own. Future necessarily shows to consider a still not occurred time. Variants used to express future temporal reference are fewer compared to past tenses. Future tense, originally periphrastic (habeo+infinitif) moves into a synthetic form, and, concurrently turns out to another future, periphrastic too, along diachronic dynamics by the way of recurring cycles. The point at issue of the -R morpheme shared by conditional tense, participates in recurring debates about its distinguishability into tense or into modal mood. The first part of the thesis takes into account linguistic tools for analyzing verbal tense, then turns on a semantic analysis checking tenses and gathering various usages which works in speech.In a second part, we focus on (to a certain extent) a defective conjugation that future fulfills by verbal answers, even not plainly assigned to future expression, chief meaning subsisting. These substitutions are not really, in the full sense, defined as being that; indeed, variety of expression of future is due to difficulty for visualizing future. “SI utterances” are not all to be considered as infringements, consequently they will conclude this thesis. Without aim of exhaustiveness, here are the grounds of future and their depiction that we attempt to assess
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Brito, Nara Jaqueline Avelar. "A express?o do condicionado contrafactual em constru??es se p, ent?o q no portugu?s brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16316.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-03Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Neste trabalho, tomamos como objeto de estudo a express?o da fun??o contrafactual presente em constru??es do tipo se p, ent?o q , com foco no uso alternado de formas verbais na estrutura??o da ap?dose/condicionado, cujo valor ? canonicamente designado pelo futuro do pret?rito. Trabalhamos com amostras de fala extra?das de reportagens televisivas veiculadas na televis?o brasileira entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. A base te?ricometodol?gica para nossa discuss?o adv?m dos princ?pios do Sociofuncionalismo (cf. TAVARES, 2003, 2011, 2013; GORSKI; TAVARES, 2013; entre outros) que, por sua vez, trabalha na interface entre os pressupostos do Funcionalismo lingu?stico (cf. GIV?N, 2001; BYBEE, 2010; entre outros) e da Sociolingu?stica (cf. WEINRICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 2008 [1972], 2001, 2010; entre outros). Averiguamos contextos lingu?sticos e extralingu?sticos pass?veis de influenciar a escolha do falante pelo futuro do pret?rito ou pelo pret?rito imperfeito, tanto em suas formas simples quanto em locu??es ou formas perifr?sticas. Para tanto, partimos da hip?tese de que fatores lingu?sticos como a ordem da senten?a e o paralelismo, e de que fatores sociais como o sexo e o n?vel de escolaridade sejam relevantes para a explica??o do uso alternado de formas verbais na codifica??o da indica??o contrafactual. Os resultados obtidos em nossa an?lise (qualitativa e quantitativa) apontam a relev?ncia de alguns desses fatores no uso efetivo das formas verbais futuro do pret?rito e do pret?rito imperfeito do indicativo nas ap?doses contrafactuais, e ressaltam o papel de princ?pios funcionalistas (a exemplo do princ?pio da marca??o e do princ?pio da iconicidade) sobre o uso vari?vel das formas verbais sob enfoque
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Oliveira, Fernando Augusto de Lima. "A alternância entre o futuro do pretérito e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/485.
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The goal of this work is the study of the alternation between two verb tenses Futuro do Pretérito ( Future of Past Tense) and Pretérito Imperfeito of the Indicativo (Imperfect Tense) in main clauses of hypothetical contexts in the speech of alagoanos (people who live in Alagoas, in the northeast of Brazil). We adopt as the theoretical and methodological framework the theory of Linguistic Variation (LABOV, 1972). The alternation between these two verb tenses becomes possible because of the fact that these tenses share the property to refer to unfinished/unbounded events/actions. What puzzles us is the reason(s) that makes a speaker choose one or another verb tense. We start from the hypothesis that the Imperfect Tense supersedes the Future of Past Tense in main clauses of hypothetical contexts of spoken language. In this dissertation we intend to verify what linguistic and non-linguistic variables are statistically significant in terms of VARBRUL for the dependent variable. For this purpose, we selected as external factors age, gender and educational level; and as internal factors we selected the formal parallelism and the order of the clause.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a variação entre o futuro do pretérito (FP) e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo (PII) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos. Seguimos como pressuposto teórico/metodológico o da Teoria da Variação Linguística, representado por William Labov (1972), uma vez que a variação é algo inerente à língua, já que ela é indissociável da comunidade que a fala e não existe comunidade linguística homogênea (BELINE, 2003). A alternância entre os tempos verbais (FP) e (PII) se torna possível pelo fato de esses verbos compartilharem a possibilidade de manifestar traços de aspecto inconcluso. O que nos intriga é (são) o (s) motivo (s) que leva (m) o falante a optar por uma forma ou outra. Partimos da hipótese de que o (PII) suplanta o (FP) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos, na língua falada. Nesta dissertação buscamos, portanto, verificar quais variáveis linguísticas e não linguísticas são estatisticamente significativas na rodagem do VARBRUL para a variável dependente. Para tanto, selecionamos como fatores externos: a idade, o sexo e a escolaridade; e como fatores internos: o paralelismo formal e a ordem da sentença.
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Lakshmanan-Minet, Nicolas. "La danse des temps dans l'épopée, d'Homère au Roland." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR089/document.
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Les épopées d’Homère et de Virgile, la Chanson de Roland sont marquées par une alternance qui peut paraître capricieuse. En fait, on la saisit beaucoup mieux dès lors qu’on prend en compte la présence des corps : ceux du jongleur, de l’aède, du récitant ; le corps du public. Postures, gestuelle, mouvements, regard, souffle, musique s’articulent à cette alternance pour en faire une véritable danse. Cette thèse étudie d’abord comment dansent chacun des temps principaux du récit dans ces épopées, en accordant la priorité à Homère et au Roland ; puis elle étudie comment cette danse des temps prend corps dans chacune des petites pièces dont nous décelons que sont composées les épopées anciennes comme le Roland : les laissesThe Homeric and Virgilian epics, as well as the Chanson de Roland are full of tenseswitching, the use of which might seem capricious to the modern reader. It is in fact much better understood when bodies’ presence is taken into account — these bodies being the bard’s one as well as the audience’s. Postures, gestures, moves, eyes, breath, music are joint partners to tenseswitching, so that tenses really dance in epics. This study is firstly about how each one of the main narrative tenses dances in Homer and the Roland, and also in the Æneid. Then it studies the way tenses dance in each of the small pieces we find in the classical epics as well as in the Roland : the laisses
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Bosma, B., R. Chia, and Ian Fouweather. "Radical learning through semantic transformation: capitalizing on novelty." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7771.
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YesThat organizations exist in a fluid environment of unprecedented and discontinuous change seems beyond debate. We seem to find ourselves immersed in a world in which events have a tendency to unfold and overtake us in unforeseeable and novel ways that defy comprehension; a crisis of meaning takes place and conventional sensemaking is disrupted. Our need to imaginatively construct new meanings that allow us to understand what is going on and to work out how to respond becomes ever more pressing. We do live in interesting times. The emergence of the new, however, challenges current established ways of knowing and opens a creative space for radical learning to take place. Novelty stimulates the generative process by which organizations and individuals learn, adapt to and cope with the exigencies they face in order to survive and progress. Such radical learning occurs when creative linguistic interventions in dialogue opens up semantic spaces whereby new terms are coined and old ones broken up, combined and/or redeployed in novel ways, in an effort to give expression to the fresh circumstances experienced or new phenomena observed. We call this kind of imaginative linguistic intervention semantic transformation. In this paper we argue that it is this semantic transformation that promotes radical transformational learning. Such semantic transformation is predicated on the improvisatory character of dialogue as a form of communication. We explore how, through this dialogical process of semantic transformation, we discover the resources and means to respond to the vagueness and equivocality experienced, by exploiting language in novel ways in our attempts to make sense of and account for such experiences.
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Vaníková, Martina. "Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409111.
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Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect - disertační práce - Mgr. Martina Vaníková Summary The proposed thesis titled Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect is a pilot study that deals with the ways of expressing aspect in Latin, which is based on the detailed analysis of the functions of the verbal prefix ex- as one of the important components of this category. It also tries to find the method for the future research on the matter. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author gives summary of existing theories on aspect in general, with special attention given to the theories on aspect in the Czech and Latin language. The author defines the terms "aspect", "Aktionsart" and "situation type" at great length, and she particularly sets light to the term "telicity", distinguishing the "inherent telicity" from "maximizing". The practical part consist of: 1. a detailed analysis of all the occurrences of the indicative imperfect of the verbs with the prefix ex- from the corpus, which comprises of all well-preserved Latin texts from Plautus to Cicero; 2. an analysis of the indicative future and present tense forms of the selected verbs with the prefix ex-. Based on the analysis of the imperfect, the author verifies her hypothesis that the prefix...
Books on the topic "Future perfect tense"
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Monnington, Terence. Sport in industry: Past tense or future perfect. [Warwick]: [University of Warwick], 1989.
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Kerrell, Malcolm. Past tense, future perfect: Successful management and the Alice Principle. London: Souvenir, 1996.
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Ball, Kieran. Spanish Grammar - Quick Guide - Verbs 1: Infinitives, Going Future Tense, Present Perfect Tense and Present Tense. Independently Published, 2018.
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Ball, Kieran. French Grammar - Quick Guide - Verbs 1: Infinitives, Going Future Tense, Present Perfect Tense and Present Tense. Independently Published, 2018.
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Bristol-Rhys, Jane, and Jane Elizabeth Reas. Future Perfect/Present Tense: Migrant Workers, Expats, and Sponsors in Abu Dhabi. C. Hurst and Company (Publishers) Limited, 2018.
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Past Perfect Future Tense: A Collection of Short Stories, Poems, and Incoherent Ramblings. iUniverse, 2000.
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Şimşek, Mehmet Ali. Arapçada Zaman Kalıpları: Kullanım Alanları ve Türkçedeki Zamanlarla Karşılaştırılması. Edited by Zeynep Arkan. Oku Okut Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55709/okuokutyayinlari.4.
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Time is a phenomenon interlinked with an act because an act must occur at a specific time. There are three foundational times in all languages. These are past, present, and future. The time of occurrence for a specific action is indicated in Arabic by the verb because it expresses the time of action. Verbs in Arabic get separated into three forms: the perfect, the imperfect, and the imperative, a version derived from the imperfect. The basis of the time system in Arabic is composed of these three forms. The perfect indicates the past, the imperfect indicates both the present and the future, and the imperative indicates the future time. These times expressed by verbs are morphological times which the verbs provide independent of any context. Time can also be expressed with forms other than verbs. These forms are the active participle, the passive participle, the verbal noun, and the infinitive. Time expressions of these forms occur when used within sentences. This is called syntactical time. Syntactical time can only be understood by looking at the whole sentence. Because the factor that expresses the tense, here, is the fluency of the sentence and the context of it, rather than the forms used. When associated with syntactical time, the perfect can refer to present tense and future tense. The same goes for the imperfect as well, it may refer to the past tense. The time indicated by the verbs and the other forms -which act as verbs- can be inferred with the knowledge of their either linguistic or situational context. Prepositions especially provide for these tense changes that occur in sentences. For example, the imperfect verb used with لَـمْ and لَمَّا indicates the past tense, and the perfect verb used with the conditional preposition إِنْ refers to the future tense. The imperfect verb; except for لَـمْ and لَمَّا, when it comes as meczum or as mansup, refers to past tense, and refers to future tense when it gets used as merfu. Therefore, to understand the tense of a sentence in Arabic one must recognize the prepositions in it. Apart from prepositions, which provide linguistic context, the expression of time can also be determined by the situation at the moment of utterance. The situational context, which we call hâlî karine, plays a major role in determining the tense expressed by verbs and nouns which get used instead of verbs. In the first part of our study, The Forms of the Time in Arabic, Their Places in Use and Comparison with the Times in Turkish, occurrences of the morphological and the syntactical times are observed along with their usage areas. In the second part, Arabic counterparts of Turkish Forms of time are given and compared. By doing so, it is aimed to make learning and teaching the forms of time, in Turkish and Arabic Languages, easier. Time is a phenomenon interlinked with an act because an act must occur at a specific time. There are three foundational times in all languages. These are past, present, and future. The time of occurrence for a specific action is indicated in Arabic by the verb because it expresses the time of action. Verbs in Arabic get separated into three forms: the perfect, the imperfect, and the imperative, a version derived from the imperfect. The basis of the time system in Arabic is composed of these three forms. The perfect indicates the past, the imperfect indicates both the present and the future, and the imperative indicates the future time. These times expressed by verbs are morphological times which the verbs provide independent of any context. Time can also be expressed with forms other than verbs. These forms are the active participle, the passive participle, the verbal noun, and the infinitive. Time expressions of these forms occur when used within sentences. This is called syntactical time. Syntactical time can only be understood by looking at the whole sentence. Because the factor that expresses the tense, here, is the fluency of the sentence and the context of it, rather than the forms used. When associated with syntactical time, the perfect can refer to present tense and future tense. The same goes for the imperfect as well, it may refer to the past tense. The time indicated by the verbs and the other forms -which act as verbs- can be inferred with the knowledge of their either linguistic or situational context. Prepositions especially provide for these tense changes that occur in sentences. For example, the imperfect verb used with لَـمْ and لَمَّا indicates the past tense, and the perfect verb used with the conditional preposition إِنْ refers to the future tense. The imperfect verb; except for لَـمْ and لَمَّا, when it comes as meczum or as mansup, refers to past tense, and refers to future tense when it gets used as merfu. Therefore, to understand the tense of a sentence in Arabic one must recognize the prepositions in it. Apart from prepositions, which provide linguistic context, the expression of time can also be determined by the situation at the moment of utterance. The situational context, which we call hâlî karine, plays a major role in determining the tense expressed by verbs and nouns which get used instead of verbs. In the first part of our study, The Forms of the Time in Arabic, Their Places in Use and Comparison with the Times in Turkish, occurrences of the morphological and the syntactical times are observed along with their usage areas. In the second part, Arabic counterparts of Turkish Forms of time are given and compared. By doing so, it is aimed to make learning and teaching the forms of time, in Turkish and Arabic Languages, easier.
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Speyer, Augustin. Periphrastic verb forms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0015.
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The origin of periphrastic verb forms in German is seen in the context of an articulated grammaticalization theory, where grammaticalization is understood as a series of a semantic change (‘bleaching’, read as: stripping of semantic features) followed by a syntactic reanalysis with subsequent extension. The development of several German periphrastic forms is illustrated under this view, focusing on the passive, the periphrastic perfect, and the future tense. Two waves of grammaticalization are distinguished, one in OHG (passive, perfect), one in MHG (future tense). Differences in the ordering frequencies of the non-finite and finite part of the verb form between some forms suggest structural differences, which might mirror different stages in the grammaticalization process.
Book chapters on the topic "Future perfect tense"
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Jordan, Jay. "Future Perfect Tense." In Reconciling Translingualism and Second Language Writing, 25–37. New York ; Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2021. | Series: ESL and applied linguistics professional series: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003786-4.
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Albritton, Robert. "Capitalism in the Future Perfect Tense." In Phases of Capitalist Development, 125–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403900081_8.
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Slavkova, Svetlana. "Выражение общефактического значения в прошедшем и в будущем времени в русском и болгарском языках." In Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici, 121–37. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-723-8.12.
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The paper analyses the general factual value of the imperfective verbs in Russian and Bulgarian. The first part examines the three main types of the general factual meaning in the past (‘referential’, ‘existential’, and ‘atelic’). We show that in Bulgarian these meanings are rendered by imperfective verbs in the aorist, perfect, and imperfect tense respectively. The second part is dedicated to the future tense. In Russian, the general factual reading of the analytical future has many restrictions while in Bulgarian the general factual meaning is the main meaning of the imperfective future.
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"PERFECT TENSE PLUPERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT TENSES NUMBERS." In From Puella to Plautus, 137–60. Catholic University of America Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2vt04wq.13.
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"PRESENT TENSE: FUTURE PERFECT?" In Administrative Justice: Central Issues In UK and European Administrative Law, 267–74. Routledge-Cavendish, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843141846-33.
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Stump, Gregory. "Periphrasis in the Sanskrit Verb System*." In Periphrasis. British Academy, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265253.003.0005.
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Ancient Sanskrit had two tenses of particular interest: periphrastic perfect and periphrastic future. At first glance, they are rather similar: both realize a particular value of tense through a combination of a lexical verb (devoid of personal agreement) and an agreeing auxiliary. There are, however, important differences which are revealed in this chapter: the periphrastic future is available for every verb, and can be distinguished from the synthetic future on semantic grounds, while the periphrastic perfect is available only for certain verbs, and these do not make up a semantically homogeneous group. A formal analysis is proposed, within Paradigm Function Morphology, for the two periphrastic tenses. It is demonstrated that a morphological rather than a purely syntactic account is preferable here. The verbs with a periphrastic perfect make up a conjugation class; on the other hand, the periphrastic future is formalized as a morphosyntactic property whose default realization is periphrastic.
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Bloome, David, Maria Lucia Castanheira, Constant Leung, and Jennifer Rowsell. "Literacy as Social and Cultural in the Future Perfect Tense." In Re-Theorizing Literacy Practices, 237–44. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351254229-16.
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"Chapter V Conclusion – The Past Is Always Tense, the Future Perfect." In Making Black History, 204–16. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110722093-006.
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"Future tense or present perfect? Social capital in a changing world." In Social Capital, 109–39. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203930519-9.
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Carnie, Andrew, and Sylvia L. R. Schreiner. "Restricted and reversed aspectual contrasts." In Contrast and Representations in Syntax, 39–57. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817925.003.0003.
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In this chapter, Scottish Gaelic data are presented as evidence for the necessity of two modifications to Cowper’s (1998 and forward) feature geometry for tense and aspectual contrasts. Both modifications involve dependencies on the PRECEDENCE feature, which in Cowper’s geometry of English is responsible for the past tense marker -ed and the past participle morpheme -en/-ed. The first modification is a RESTRICTED feature. This feature is used to encode the temporal restriction between event and reference times in the near perfect and near prospective aspects found in Scottish Gaelic. The second modification is a REVERSED feature, which reverses the temporal ordering of two times. This feature is argued to mark unrestricted and restricted prospective aspects. It is claimed that certain future-like meanings in Scottish Gaelic do not involve a modal feature like IRREALIS but rather the proposed REVERSED feature.