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Torres, FÃbio Fernandes. "The gerund in future tense expression: a sociofunctionalism study." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3814.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoFundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
This research deals with the variation of future tense with gerund forms in the Portuguese spoken in Fortaleza, from data of speakers of three different professions, collected by means of sociolinguistic interviews: salesmen, teachers and telemarketing workers. This phenomenon presents six variants: a) the imminent periphrastic simple future, b) the imminent periphrastic extended future - that compose the imminent future variable; c) the medium periphrastic simple future, d) the medium periphrastic extended future - that compose the medium future variable; e) the resultative periphrastic simple future, and f) the resultative periphrastic extended future - that compose the resultative future variable. We also consider a definition of gerundismo based on form, aspect, modality and temporal criteria. The theoretical referential is composed by the association of postulates of the Sociolinguistics Analysis and the Linguistic Functionalism, resulting in the theoretical configuration of the Sociofuncionalismo, considered by Tavares (2003). The analysis is performed in four stages: in the first one, we analyze the variants of imminent future; after that, the variants of medium future; later, the variants of resultative future and, finally, a section is dedicated for analysis of the variant called gerundismo. Results confirm that the phenomenon under study is influenced by factors of distinct nature: social factors, such as sex and profession of speakers and linguistic factors as type of the verb (auxiliary or modal verbs) and presence of one mark of future tense.
Esta dissertaÃÃo trata da variaÃÃo de tempo futuro no portuguÃs falado em Fortaleza codificado por perÃfrases gerundivas, a partir de dados de fala de informantes de trÃs diferentes Ãreas de atuaÃÃo, coletados por meio de entrevistas sociolinguÃsticas: vendedores, professores e operadores de telemarketing. Esse fenÃmeno apresenta seis variantes: a) futuro iminente perifrÃstico simples, b) futuro iminente perifrÃstico estendido â que compÃem a subvariÃvel futuro iminente; c) futuro mÃdio perifrÃstico simples, d) futuro mÃdio perifrÃstico estendido â que compÃem a subvariÃvel futuro mÃdio; e) futuro resultativo perifrÃstico simples e f) futuro resultativo perifrÃstico estendido â que compÃem a subvariÃvel futuro resultativo. Trata-se tambÃm da variante denominada gerundismo para a qual propomos uma definiÃÃo baseada em critÃrios tais como forma, aspecto, modalidade e natureza temporal. O referencial teÃrico à composto pela associaÃÃo de postulados da SociolinguÃstica Variacionista e do Funcionalismo LinguÃstico, resultando na configuraÃÃo teÃrica do Sociofuncionalismo, proposto por Tavares (2003). A anÃlise à feita em quatro etapas: na primeira, analisamos as variantes de futuro iminente; em seguida, as variantes de futuro mÃdio, depois, as variantes de futuro resultativo e, por Ãltimo, à dedicada uma seÃÃo para anÃlise da variante denominada gerundismo. Os resultados confirmam que o fenÃmeno em estudo à influenciado por fatores de uma natureza distinta: fatores sociais, tais como o sexo e a profissÃo dos falantes e fatores linguÃsticos como o tipo do verbo (verbos auxiliares ou modais) e presenÃa de uma marca de tempo futuro.
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Silva, Ester Cardoso da [UNESP]. "A expressão do tempo futuro no português brasileiro dos séculos XVIII ao XX." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93877.
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O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o tempo futuro português de parte da região sudeste do Brasil em textos semi-formais dos séc. XVIII, XIX e XX. Por meio de uma pesquisa diacrônica, o estudo objetiva verificar se a perífrase IR+INF, tão presente na fala do brasileiro contemporâneo, é fruto do atual momento lingüístico, ou se já ocorria em estágios anteriores da língua. Buscamos, também determinas em que momento seja dos estágios anteriores da língua ou do contemporâneo, tal perífrase tornou-se mais freqüente, observando quais os fatores internos e externos da língua que contribuiram para que essa forma analítica do tempo futuro se tornasse a predominante no uso. O estudo mostrou que os que parece ser inovação na língua é, na realidade, uma tendência observada desde o latim; verificou-se ainda que fatores como pessoa verbal, animacidade do sujeito, verbo como elemento vizinho da forma futurizada e tipo de verbo são fatores que ajudam a explicar a ditribuição das formas do tempo futuro. Além disso, observou-se que fatores externos à língua como a história da comunidade de falantes, também contribuíram para explicar o comportamento desse tempo verbal.
This paper presents a study about the future tense in Portuguese as used in part of the southeastern area of Brazil in semi-formal texts of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. By means of a diachronic research the study aimed to verify if the periphrasis IR+INF, so characteristics of the speech of contemporary Brazilians is the fruit of this linguistics moment, or if it was already present in previous moments of the language. We tried, also, to determine in which moment - be it one of the previous moments of the language or the contemporary one - such periphrasis became more frequent, observing which are the intrernal and external factors of the language that contribuited to that analytical form of the future tense to become the most employed. The study showed that what seems to be innovation in the language is, in fact, a tendency observed since Latin. Besides this, it was verified that factors as verbal person, animacity, and verb type help to explain the distribuition of the future tense forms. Finally, it was observed that externat factors, as the history of the speakers community, also contributed to explain the behavior of the future verbal tense.
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Lastra, John. "Future Tense in Modern American English." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2239.
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Humblot, Catherine. "L'environnement familial et institutionnel de la future élite tennistique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H017.
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O'Brien, Mark B. "Verbal aspect in the future tense of the Greek New Testament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Thompson, Mary-Anne Carey. "Future tense : an analysis of science fiction as secular apocalyptic literature." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15880.
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Bibliography: leaves 208-219.Religious apocalyptic literature appears to have been written in response to a situation of crisis in which the believers found themselves. It is the catalyst which provided the energy which the society needed in order to withstand that crisis, and it did this by radically inverting the dimensions which make up a worldview, that is the dimensions of time and space, and the classification of groups, so that it reflects the possibility of a new order, a new heaven and a new earth. Since the nineteenth century, the Western world has seen itself in a constant state of crisis in terms of the rapid secularisation, industrialisation and urbanisation, and it would seem that the notion of an apocalypse is still relevant. But religious visions of the apocalypse do not seem to have relevance to the largely secular society they would have been addressing. Something new, immediate and drastic was needed, which would supply the society with the energy to withstand the crisis of a secular world. Science fiction as a literary genre arose in the late nineteenth century, and it would seem as if the new social situation generated a new symbolic vocabulary for ancient apocalyptic themes, in other words, science fiction appeared as an imaginative literary genre of mythic, apocalyptic dimensions to address this situation. In the same way as religious visions of the apocalypse, science fiction inverts the components of a worldview so that a new social order, a new heaven and a new earth are seen as possible. In order to explore this theme, science fiction is examined in the light of radical inversion of accepted worldviews, and the genre is divided into three historical periods in order to understand the conditions under which it was written, as well as the content of the material involved. These periods are: 1. Apocalypses of Expectation and Hope. The late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century; the beginnings of the genre in the crisis of rapid industrialisation, secularisation and urbanisation, using the works of Jules Verne and H G Wells. 2. Apocalypses of Irony and Despair. The nineteen twenties to the end of the Second World War; the crises of the two World Wars on a complacent world, using the works of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. 3. Apocalypses of Destruction and Redemption. The nineteen fifties to the present; the crisis of nuclear power and thinking machines, using the works of Frank Herbert and Isaac Asimov. Also examined are the quasi-religious nature of science fiction, apocalypse as a cleansing agent of the universe, and the myths of noble survivors of post-apocalyptic literature and films. In the light of the above, it can be understood why science fiction can be seen as the functional equivalent to religious apocalyptic myth, but relevant to the largely secular Western world of the twentieth century.
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Almeida, Fernanda dos Santos. "A express?o vari?vel do futuro verbal no discurso pol?tico em tr?s cidades baianas: Salvador, Feira de Santana e Vit?ria da Conquista." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/381.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
We analyze the realization of the future tense in the political discourse of the three largest cities of Bahia, Salvador, Feira de Santana, and Vit?ria da Conquista, based upon the Variacionist Sociolinguistics. Some sociolinguistic researches indicate a change in progress on the use of the future tense in Brazilian Portuguese, whereupon the standard variant, the simple future form, has been replaced for the periphrastic form (ir + infinitive). These researches show that this change has been completed in the speech and is already reaching writing. This research verify this change in progress in the political discourse, a formal textual genre with features of speech and writing. Some contexts promotes the progress of the periphrastic form, like: a) verbs with three or more syllables; b) younger age group; c) agent subject; d) less stylistic monitoring speech; e) second verbal person; f) regular verbs; g) first event in a serial (about parallelism). The results also show the superiority of the periphrasis ir ?to go? + infinitive; indicate the decline of simple future form; confirm that the simple present tense is used in very specific contexts; show the existence of periphrasis with gerundive forms, called ?gerundismo?, in the standard speech; and indicate the final stage of process of change analyzed.
Analisa-se a express?o do tempo futuro no discurso pol?tico das tr?s maiores cidades baianas, Salvador, Feira de Santana e Vit?ria da Conquista, com base na Sociolingu?stica Variacionista. Diversos estudos atestam que h? uma mudan?a em curso no uso do futuro verbal no portugu?s brasileiro, no qual a forma padr?o, futuro simples, est? sendo substitu?da pela forma perifr?stica ir + infinitivo, tais estudos mostram que a referida mudan?a est? sendo completada na fala e j? est? atingindo a escrita. Este estudo verifica o est?gio dessa mudan?a no discurso pol?tico, g?nero textual formal que apresenta caracter?sticas tanto da fala quanto da escrita. Determinados contextos mostraram favorecer o espraiamento da forma perifr?stica, tais como a) verbos com tr?s ou mais s?labas; b) faixa et?ria mais jovem; c) sujeito agente; d) menor monitoramento estil?stico; e) segunda pessoa verbal; f) verbos regulares; g) primeira ocorr?ncia de uma s?rie (tratando-se de paralelismo). Os resultados tamb?m revelam a predomin?ncia da per?frase ir + infinitivo; apontam a queda do futuro simples; reafirmam que o presente do indicativo ocorre em contextos bastante espec?ficos; revelam a ocorr?ncia de per?frase com ger?ndio, o chamado ?gerundismo?, na linguagem formal e indicam que o processo de mudan?a em an?lise est? em fase de completude.
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Nascimento, Anderson Ulisses dos Santos. "A expressão da futuridade verbal no espaço da lusofonia: Brasil, Portugal e Moçambique." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9304.
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O futuro verbal caracteriza-se por uma conformação cognitiva e semântica bastante distinta da verificada nos demais tempos verbais, distintos do tempo cronológico. Tal fato apresenta-se abrangente nas línguas e traz consequências morfossintáticas apreciáveis na constituição de tal tempo verbal em português, tanto em perspectiva sincrônica quanto em diacrônica. Hoje, em língua portuguesa, presenciamos uma nova mudança na manifestação desse futuro verbal, com a crescente difusão da forma perifrástica composta por ir e infinitivo, como gramaticalização da expressão de futuro. Tal processo de mudança ainda se encontra em curso na língua, fato atestável em vários usos. Objetivamos aqui a descrição dos tempos verbais futuros da língua portuguesa, que não se confundem com a simples expressão de futuridade, bem como o estabelecimento de um estudo comparativo entre três variedades do português, a brasileira, a europeia e a moçambicana, quanto a usos e valores do futuro do presente, tempo verbal prototípico dos futurosThe future verb tense is characterized by a cognitive and semantic conformation that is quite distinct from other tenses, distinct from time. Such fact is widely verified among human languages and brings significant morphosyntactic consequences to the constitution of this tense in Portuguese language, both in synchronic as in diachronic perspective. Presently, in Portuguese, we see a new change in the verbal future, by the increasing use of the periphrastic form composed by ir (to go) and the infinitive, as grammaticalization to express the future. This change is still in progress in the language, which can be confirmed by many different uses. In this paper, we describe the future tenses of the Portuguese language, which are not the same as the simple expression of futurity, and we establish a comparative study among the three varieties of Portuguese, that is, the Brazilian, the European and the Mozambican ones, regarding the uses and values of present future, prototypical verb tense for the future tenses
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Brooks, Lonny J. "Working in the future tense : materializing stories of emerging technologies and cyberculture at the Institute for the Future /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3144308.
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Brito, Nara Jaqueline Avelar. "A express?o do condicionado contrafactual em constru??es se p, ent?o q no portugu?s brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16316.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-03Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Neste trabalho, tomamos como objeto de estudo a express?o da fun??o contrafactual presente em constru??es do tipo se p, ent?o q , com foco no uso alternado de formas verbais na estrutura??o da ap?dose/condicionado, cujo valor ? canonicamente designado pelo futuro do pret?rito. Trabalhamos com amostras de fala extra?das de reportagens televisivas veiculadas na televis?o brasileira entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. A base te?ricometodol?gica para nossa discuss?o adv?m dos princ?pios do Sociofuncionalismo (cf. TAVARES, 2003, 2011, 2013; GORSKI; TAVARES, 2013; entre outros) que, por sua vez, trabalha na interface entre os pressupostos do Funcionalismo lingu?stico (cf. GIV?N, 2001; BYBEE, 2010; entre outros) e da Sociolingu?stica (cf. WEINRICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 2008 [1972], 2001, 2010; entre outros). Averiguamos contextos lingu?sticos e extralingu?sticos pass?veis de influenciar a escolha do falante pelo futuro do pret?rito ou pelo pret?rito imperfeito, tanto em suas formas simples quanto em locu??es ou formas perifr?sticas. Para tanto, partimos da hip?tese de que fatores lingu?sticos como a ordem da senten?a e o paralelismo, e de que fatores sociais como o sexo e o n?vel de escolaridade sejam relevantes para a explica??o do uso alternado de formas verbais na codifica??o da indica??o contrafactual. Os resultados obtidos em nossa an?lise (qualitativa e quantitativa) apontam a relev?ncia de alguns desses fatores no uso efetivo das formas verbais futuro do pret?rito e do pret?rito imperfeito do indicativo nas ap?doses contrafactuais, e ressaltam o papel de princ?pios funcionalistas (a exemplo do princ?pio da marca??o e do princ?pio da iconicidade) sobre o uso vari?vel das formas verbais sob enfoque
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Azzopardi, Sophie. "Le Futur et le Conditionnel : valeur en langue et effets de sens en discours. Analyse contrastive espagnol / français." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718652.
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Ce travail de thèse se donne pour objectif de mettre en évidence le fonctionnement des différents effets de sens produits en discours par le futur et le conditionnel à partir d'une valeur en langue unique de chacun de ces temps, dans une perspective contrastive entre l'espagnol et le français. La première partie interroge les notions de temporalité, d'aspectualité et de modalité, ainsi que les théories énonciatives qui sous-tendent toute recherche sur le temps verbal pour déterminer les cadres théoriques dans lesquels s'inscrit cette analyse et définir la valeur en langue du futur et celle du conditionnel sur lesquelles on s'appuie. Dans une seconde partie, on se propose de mettre en évidence le mécanisme d'actualisation de cette valeur aspectuo-temporelle dans la production de différents effets de sens de ces deux temps dont le fonctionnement est similaire en espagnol et en français. La troisième partie est consacrée quant à elle à l'analyse d'un fonctionnement différent dans les deux langues étudiées : l'effet de sens conjectural.
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Oliveira, Fernando Augusto de Lima. "A alternância entre o futuro do pretérito e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/485.
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The goal of this work is the study of the alternation between two verb tenses Futuro do Pretérito ( Future of Past Tense) and Pretérito Imperfeito of the Indicativo (Imperfect Tense) in main clauses of hypothetical contexts in the speech of alagoanos (people who live in Alagoas, in the northeast of Brazil). We adopt as the theoretical and methodological framework the theory of Linguistic Variation (LABOV, 1972). The alternation between these two verb tenses becomes possible because of the fact that these tenses share the property to refer to unfinished/unbounded events/actions. What puzzles us is the reason(s) that makes a speaker choose one or another verb tense. We start from the hypothesis that the Imperfect Tense supersedes the Future of Past Tense in main clauses of hypothetical contexts of spoken language. In this dissertation we intend to verify what linguistic and non-linguistic variables are statistically significant in terms of VARBRUL for the dependent variable. For this purpose, we selected as external factors age, gender and educational level; and as internal factors we selected the formal parallelism and the order of the clause.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a variação entre o futuro do pretérito (FP) e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo (PII) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos. Seguimos como pressuposto teórico/metodológico o da Teoria da Variação Linguística, representado por William Labov (1972), uma vez que a variação é algo inerente à língua, já que ela é indissociável da comunidade que a fala e não existe comunidade linguística homogênea (BELINE, 2003). A alternância entre os tempos verbais (FP) e (PII) se torna possível pelo fato de esses verbos compartilharem a possibilidade de manifestar traços de aspecto inconcluso. O que nos intriga é (são) o (s) motivo (s) que leva (m) o falante a optar por uma forma ou outra. Partimos da hipótese de que o (PII) suplanta o (FP) na oração principal em contextos hipotéticos, na língua falada. Nesta dissertação buscamos, portanto, verificar quais variáveis linguísticas e não linguísticas são estatisticamente significativas na rodagem do VARBRUL para a variável dependente. Para tanto, selecionamos como fatores externos: a idade, o sexo e a escolaridade; e como fatores internos: o paralelismo formal e a ordem da sentença.
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Baig, Zohaib Najam. "Future tense: lessons from the best and worst cases in Afghanistan from Pakistan's perspective." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/53010.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedReissued 5 May 2017 with typographic corrections to degree, abstract.
Broadly, this thesis argues that success in Afghanistan—for Afghans and their neighbors alike—entails establishing state-building measures, supremacy of law and human rights, rapid economic growth, and strong Afghan National Security Forces who can encourage the Afghan public to accept the practices of stable democracy and good neighborly relations. To fix some of the myriad variables in Afghanistan's likely state in 2026, which will mark the end of the transformation decade following the U.S. withdrawal in 2016, the proposed project installs three hypothetical scenarios: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. These scenarios do not predict the future in Afghanistan but rather shed light on the factors and variables that will shape the postwar period. Examining such scenarios may allow strategic planners to develop alternative measures for complex situations. Sustained political stability and the will to reform by the Afghan establishment, fortified by consistent international financial and military support for at least 10 to 15 or more years, would likely be the key to success in the Afghanistan end game. Otherwise, Afghanistan will slip back into a situation much like the one that emerged once after the Soviet withdrawal—extremism, war, and instability. The scenarios are developed by examining several factors: the criticality of the Afghan issue throughout history; Afghanistan's indigenous facts and prospects; Pak–Afghan cross-interests and policy dimensions; Global War on Terror implications; conflicting interests; and regional and extra-regional politics.
Commander, Pakistan Navy
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Hicks, Anthony W. "The semantics of the Greek future perfect tense with application to selected New Testament passages." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Silva, Ester Cardoso da. "A expressão do tempo futuro no português brasileiro dos séculos XVIII ao XX /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93877.
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Orientador: Rosane de Andrade BerlinckBanca: Maria Aparecida Torres Morais
Banca: Beatriz Nunes de Oliveira Longo
Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o tempo futuro português de parte da região sudeste do Brasil em textos semi-formais dos séc. XVIII, XIX e XX. Por meio de uma pesquisa diacrônica, o estudo objetiva verificar se a perífrase IR+INF, tão presente na fala do brasileiro contemporâneo, é fruto do atual momento lingüístico, ou se já ocorria em estágios anteriores da língua. Buscamos, também determinas em que momento seja dos estágios anteriores da língua ou do contemporâneo, tal perífrase tornou-se mais freqüente, observando quais os fatores internos e externos da língua que contribuiram para que essa forma analítica do tempo futuro se tornasse a predominante no uso. O estudo mostrou que os que parece ser inovação na língua é, na realidade, uma tendência observada desde o latim; verificou-se ainda que fatores como pessoa verbal, animacidade do sujeito, verbo como elemento vizinho da forma futurizada e tipo de verbo são fatores que ajudam a explicar a ditribuição das formas do tempo futuro. Além disso, observou-se que fatores externos à língua como a história da comunidade de falantes, também contribuíram para explicar o comportamento desse tempo verbal.
Abstract: This paper presents a study about the future tense in Portuguese as used in part of the southeastern area of Brazil in semi-formal texts of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. By means of a diachronic research the study aimed to verify if the periphrasis IR+INF, so characteristics of the speech of contemporary Brazilians is the fruit of this linguistics moment, or if it was already present in previous moments of the language. We tried, also, to determine in which moment - be it one of the previous moments of the language or the contemporary one - such periphrasis became more frequent, observing which are the intrernal and external factors of the language that contribuited to that analytical form of the future tense to become the most employed. The study showed that what seems to be innovation in the language is, in fact, a tendency observed since Latin. Besides this, it was verified that factors as verbal person, animacity, and verb type help to explain the distribuition of the future tense forms. Finally, it was observed that externat factors, as the history of the speakers community, also contributed to explain the behavior of the future verbal tense.
Mestre
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Rudberg, Tom. "Le futur en français : Une étude sur l'emploi du futur simple et futur périphrastique à l'oral." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157999.
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The general view by some linguists seems to be that the French simple future is often replacedby the periphrastic future in spoken language; a natural development characterized by anincrease of analytical forms at the expense of synthetic forms. However others claim that theusage of both simple and periphrastic future are still present in ordinary French, both havingdifferent implications. In this particular study, we examine the usage of simple future andperiphrastic future in the corpus ESLO2, which consist of transcripts of interviews andconversations from Orléans, France. We also examine some of the linguistic factors thatmight affect the usage of the two forms. Our hypothesis, based on previous literature andarticles treating the subject, being that the periphrastic future is used more frequently than thesimple future and that the traditional distinction between the two forms is not adequate inexplaining their usage in spoken French. The results of the study show that the periphrasticfuture is used more frequently than the simple form, and that there are linguistic factors thatcould explain their usage, however it is difficult to find unison explanations and furtherstudies are needed to conclude the factors behind the two forms.
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Figuereido, Joana Gomes dos Santos. "A express?o do futuro verbal na escrita escolar de Irar?-BA." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/334.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
The verbal future tense in Portuguese is a variable phenomenon currently expressed by the verb forms: the simple future tense, the periphrasis with go + infinitive, the indicative present tense, and the gerundive future form. Among them, the simple future tense is the standard way, and the periphrastic future form is considered by grammarians like a colloquial form of the language. Several studies (GIBBON, 2000; OLIVEIRA, 2006; BRAGAN?A, 2008; SILVA, 2010; TESCH 2011; SANTOS, 2012) have attested to this variable phenomenon throughout history of the Portuguese language and point to the implementation of the periphrastic way of to go + infinitive as a possible replacement of the simple future tense. According to these studies, this change is almost complete in speech and is already invading writing. With this information about the uses of the verbal future tense in Portuguese, in this study, we analyzed data of high school students from public and private schools in the city of Irar?-Ba, within a variational and functionalist perspective, with a synchronic study, in order to observe the presence of the periphrastic future form in school texts, considering the process of grammaticalization. The results of the verbal future tense in school writing of the first, second and third classes of high school, with the control of various groups of linguistic and sociolinguistic, factors, showed that the variant that more customarily occurs in spoken language (the periphrastic future form) is also present in written language. The results show that the phenomenon under study is motivated by factors such as type of school, verbal paradigm, residential area, syntactic status of verb, verb conjugation, thematic role of the subject, semantic nature of the verb, type of subject and type of verb. It was evident through the review that there is an ongoing change process towards the simple future form, more used in texts written by speakers said "cults", be replaced by the periphrastic future form, commonly founded in speech, suffering less normative pressures.
O futuro verbal na l?ngua portuguesa ? um fen?meno vari?vel que, atualmente, ? expresso pelas formas verbais: futuro simples, per?frase com ir + infinitivo, presente do indicativo e futuro gerundivo. Dentre elas, o futuro simples ? a forma padr?o, enquanto o futuro perifr?stico ? considerado pelos gram?ticos uma forma coloquial da l?ngua. V?rios estudos (GIBBON, 2000; OLIVEIRA, 2006; BRAGAN?A, 2008; SILVA, 2010; TESCH 2011; SANTOS, 2012) t?m atestado esse fen?meno vari?vel ao longo da hist?ria da l?ngua portuguesa e apontam para a implementa??o da forma perifr?stica com ir + infinitivo como poss?vel substituta da forma de futuro simples. Segundo tais estudos, esta mudan?a est? quase conclu?da na fala e j? est? invadindo a escrita. De posse dessas informa??es acerca dos usos do futuro verbal na l?ngua portuguesa, neste estudo, faz-se uma an?lise de reda??es de alunos de Ensino M?dio de escolas p?blicas e particulares na cidade de Irar?-Ba, dentro de uma perspectiva variacionista e funcionalista, a partir de um estudo sincr?nico, com o intuito de observar a presen?a do futuro perifr?stico em reda??es escolares, considerando o seu processo da gramaticaliza??o. Os resultados encontrados sobre o futuro verbal nas reda??es escolares das turmas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro anos do Ensino M?dio, a partir do controle de v?rios grupos de fatores lingu?sticos e sociolingu?sticos, demonstraram que a variante que ocorre mais costumeiramente na l?ngua falada (futuro perifr?stico) tamb?m se faz presente na l?ngua escrita. Os resultados revelam que o fen?meno em estudo ? motivado por fatores como tipo de escola, paradigma verbal, zona residencial, estatuto sint?tico do verbo, conjuga??o verbal, papel tem?tico do sujeito, natureza sem?ntica do verbo, tipo de sujeito e tipo de verbo. Ficou evidente, atrav?s da an?lise realizada, que h? um processo de mudan?a em curso no sentido de a forma de futuro simples, mais usada em textos escritos por falantes ditos ?cultos?, ser substitu?da pela forma perifr?stica, comumente encontrada na fala, que sofre menos press?es normativas.
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Hawley, Martin. "Concinnities of consumption : a future of classification? : a critique of the traditional tenets of market segmentation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413448.
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Hoff, Mark Randall. "Settledness and Mood Alternation: A Semantic-Pragmatic Analysis of Spanish Future-Framed Adverbials." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555349686252856.
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Benati, Alessandro Giovanni. "A comparative study of the effects of processing instruction and output-based instruction on the acquisition of Italian future tense." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1999. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6111/.
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The present study was carried out to investigate the possible effects of two types of form-focused instruction (henceforth FFI) on the acquisition of a specific feature of the Italian verbal morphology system: namely the future tense, which has hitherto never been researched within this framework. Processing instruction was compared to a more traditional type of grammar instruction output-based. The impact of these two types of FFI was investigated on a well documented strategy (Musumeci 1989) used by second language (henceforth L2) learners when interpreting tenses. This strategy consists in giving precedence to lexical items (in this case temporal adverbs, i.e. oggi, domani) over morphological markers during learner's interpretation of tenses. In order to carry out this investigation, first year students (39 subjects) in their second semester, learning Italian at the University of Greenwich were randomly assigned to three groups. One group received processing instruction, which involved grammar explanation and comprehension practice directed at altering the way second language learners process input and make correct meaning-form connections; the other group received output-based type of instruction which consisted in an explanation of grammar rules followed by written and oral practice which was directed at altering the way L2 learners produce the target language; the third group was used as a control group and received no instruction. The groups were exposed to two consecutive days of instructional treatment and pre-tests and post-tests were carried out. The tests consisted of an aural interpretation task, a written completion text and an oral limited response production task. A delayed post-test was also administered to assess the possible effects of instruction after three weeks. Based on previous research carried out in a feature of Spanish (Cadierno 1993) verbal morphology, it was hypothesised that processing instruction would have positive effects on the accuracy with which subjects interpreted sentences in Italian (future tense vs present tense) in which temporal reference is only expressed by verb morphology. It was also hypothesized that the effects of processing instruction would be visible on the production of both the written and the oral task. A further hypothesis was that the effects of instruction would/hold over a post-test session three weeks later. Overall the statistical analyses carried out on the data supported the three hypotheses of this study. The results obtained in this research provide some evidence that processing instruction has positive effects on the acquisition of Italian verbal morphology, these effects being greater on the developing system of beginners, L2 learners, than output-based instruction. However the output-based group performed better than the control group in the interpretation task. This is an interesting finding as it was not hypothesised, but is likely to have significant implications for further research within this framework. The present study also showed that processing instruction was successful in altering the way in which learners processed the input and its effects had also an impact on the way learners produced future tense at sentence level in both a written and an oral production task. Finally, these effects were proved durable over a three week period. The results obtained in the present study have implications at two levels. At the theoretical level this study provides further support for the role that input processing plays in SLA. At the pedagogical level it demonstrates the effectiveness of processing instruction not only on an interpretation task but also on a written and oral production task. This is further evidence of the suitability of this pedagogical approach to encourage linguistic competence among L2 learners.
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Portocarrero, Suárez Felipe. "“Bestias frágiles aunque tenaces”: el incierto futuro de la educación superior en el Perú." En Blanco y Negro, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117102.
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En el presente artículo, se analiza el actual contexto universitario peruano. Se discuten las consecuencias de este nuevo escenario y la necesidad de repensar y generar políticas que respondan a la misión fundamental de la institución universitaria.
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Berglund, Ylva. "Expressions of Future in Present-day English: A Corpus-based Approach." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409313492.
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Lakshmanan-Minet, Nicolas. "La danse des temps dans l'épopée, d'Homère au Roland." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR089/document.
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Les épopées d’Homère et de Virgile, la Chanson de Roland sont marquées par une alternance qui peut paraître capricieuse. En fait, on la saisit beaucoup mieux dès lors qu’on prend en compte la présence des corps : ceux du jongleur, de l’aède, du récitant ; le corps du public. Postures, gestuelle, mouvements, regard, souffle, musique s’articulent à cette alternance pour en faire une véritable danse. Cette thèse étudie d’abord comment dansent chacun des temps principaux du récit dans ces épopées, en accordant la priorité à Homère et au Roland ; puis elle étudie comment cette danse des temps prend corps dans chacune des petites pièces dont nous décelons que sont composées les épopées anciennes comme le Roland : les laissesThe Homeric and Virgilian epics, as well as the Chanson de Roland are full of tenseswitching, the use of which might seem capricious to the modern reader. It is in fact much better understood when bodies’ presence is taken into account — these bodies being the bard’s one as well as the audience’s. Postures, gestures, moves, eyes, breath, music are joint partners to tenseswitching, so that tenses really dance in epics. This study is firstly about how each one of the main narrative tenses dances in Homer and the Roland, and also in the Æneid. Then it studies the way tenses dance in each of the small pieces we find in the classical epics as well as in the Roland : the laisses
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Tomanin, Cassia Regina [UNESP]. "A cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise no português brasileiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106225.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O trabalho que está se apresentando neste momento é um texto pequeno em extensão, e que tem como principal objetivo reivindicar que a construção: verbo auxiliar + clítico + verbo principal seja reconhecida, do ponto de vista da colocação pronominal, como uma construção mesoclítica. Tal reivindicação justifica-se pelo fato de que o que é denominado pela gramática normativa como mesóclise, é a colocação de um pronome no ponto de juntura no lugar em que em um momento da história forma dois verbos: um verbo principal + o verbo auxiliar haver (hab ēre). A hipótese aqui defendida tem dois pontos básicos de sustentação: o primeiro é a própria história do futuro; o segundo é o processo de gramaticalização do futuro, no qual o fenômeno aqui apresentado foi inserido e, que tem como conseqüência a cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise. Pela complexidade que envolve o tempo e pela incerteza que é característica inerente do futuro, discute-se, ainda, noções de tempo e, especificamente, do futuro, por estarem elas relacionadas à variação nas formas de expressão do futuro; assim como a discussão sobre ser o futuro um tempo ou um modo. A incerteza, provavelmente, gerada pela virtualidade do futuro, pode ser um fator condicionante da variação em torno da expressão desse tempo; isso tem como conseqüência, o surgimento de formas perifrásticas, que são constituídas pelo verbo principal e um verbo auxiliar, o qual executa as tarefas morfológicas. Pela importância do verbo principal nesse processo, apresenta-se e discute-se, também, a questão da auxiliaridade. Para ilustrar o processo de cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise, apresentam-se exemplos retirados de cartas familiares e oficiais e textos de jornais de várias regiões do país, ambos produzidos nos séculos XVIII e XIX.
In this dissertation the status of mesoclitic is claimed to the construction auxiliary verb+clitic+main verb in Portuguese language from the point-of-view of the pronominal position. In traditional grammar mesoclitic is the location of a pronoun in the junction point that in history of Portuguese language gives rise to two verbs: a main verb+the auxiliary verb haver (habēre). The hypothesis claimed in this dissertation is supported by two basic points: first, the history of the future; second, the process of crystallization of the phenomenon is inserted in and classified as mesoclitic. The notion of tense, specifically of future, is discussed because of the complexity of the tense and the incertitude intrinsic to the future. This discussion is due to the relation between future and the variation in the realization of future forms and because of the discussion on future as a tense or a mode. The incertitude probably generated by the virtuality of the future may the conditioning factor of variation in the expression of this tense; its consequence is the appearing of periphrastic forms constituted by the main verb and an auxiliary verb that perform morphological tasks. Auxiliarity is also discussed because of the importance of the main verb in this process. The process of gramaticalization of the new mesoclitic construction is exemplified by official and family letters and newspaper articles written between the 18th and 19th in several Brazilian locations.
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Navér, Norah. "The past, present or future? : A comparative NLP study of Naive Bayes, LSTM and BERT for classifying Swedish sentences based on their tense." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446793.
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Natural language processing is a field in computer science that is becoming increasingly important. One important part of NLP is the ability to sort text to the past, present or future, depending on when the event came or will come about. The objective of this thesis was to use text classification to classify Swedish sentences based on their tense, either past, present or future. Furthermore, the objective was also to compare how lemmatisation would affect the performance of the models. The problem was tackled by implementing three machine learning models on both lemmatised and not lemmatised data. The machine learning models were Naive Bayes, LSTM and BERT. The result showed that the overall performance was affected negatively when the data was lemmatised. The best performing model was BERT with an accuracy of 96.3\%. The result was useful as the best performing model had very high accuracy and performed well on newly constructed sentences.Språkteknologi är område inom datavetenskap som som har blivit allt viktigare. En viktig del av språkteknologi är förmågan att sortera texter till det förflutna, nuet eller framtiden, beroende på när en händelse skedde eller kommer att ske. Syftet med denna avhandling var att använda textklassificering för att klassificera svenska meningar baserat på deras tempus, antingen dåtid, nutid eller framtid. Vidare var syftet även att jämföra hur lemmatisering skulle påverka modellernas prestanda. Problemet hanterades genom att implementera tre maskininlärningsmodeller på både lemmatiserade och icke lemmatiserade data. Maskininlärningsmodellerna var Naive Bayes, LSTM och BERT. Resultatet var att den övergripande prestandan påverkades negativt när datan lemmatiserade. Den bäst presterande modellen var BERT med en träffsäkerhet på 96,3 \%. Resultatet var användbart eftersom den bäst presterande modellen hade mycket hög träffsäkerhet och fungerade bra på nybyggda meningar.
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Swanberg, Boone Thomas. "A Heuristic Approach To Designing A Unique Ships Grid With Energy Storage for the Future Fleet of River Tender Ships." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84397.
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This work discusses the implementation of a Unique Ships Grid design that utilizes Energy Storage. This Unique Ships Grid is used to enhance the efficiency of a Construction Single-Hull River Tender previously discussed and assessed by the Army Corps of Engineers and the United States Coast Guard (USCG). This Grid Design is shown to be both in compliance with applicable regulations and reliable due to built-in redundancy. Compliance with regulations and redundancy are both prized by the Maritime Community and the USCG. An applicable Heuristic Design Methodology is provided in conjunction with the Unique Ships Grid. This Design Methodology can be used with a simple load analysis and results in a Load Center breakdown and the sizing of Cables, Generators, Inverter, and required Energy Storage. This design process is shown to provide an inherent margin for growth and safety. This design process is quick and results in values necessary to do a cost analysis, environmental impact survey, and stability analysis (Ship Stability not Electrical Stability).Master of Science
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Leow, James A. "An Amphichronic Analysis of Modals of Necessity in Cuban Spanish." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594994490255345.
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Hallgren, Frej. "Technical performance on ATP top level, future level and Swedish youth national level male tennis tournaments : Notational analysis of point characteristics in three different tournaments on three different performance levels." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4614.
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Aim and research questions To investigate technical performance in three different tennis competitions (ATP Masters AM, Falu Future, FF & Swedish youth national championships, YNC) by collecting data of point characteristics. Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning type of shots or shot combinations used, from which hitting zone on the tennis court the shots or shot combinations are hit and the placement of the different shots when scoring points? Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning number of valid shots over the net in a rally? Are there any differences or similarities between the competitions analyzed concerning number of errors (forced and unforced) and winning shots committed in matches? Method The sample consisted of a total of 24 matches with 40 different players from three different tournaments which were analyzed using notational analysis software (Dartfish, version 8, Switzerland). Total number of points analyzed were 3154 (AM, n = 968, FF, n = 1068, YNC, n = 1118). Data were compiled in Excel (2013) and descriptive analyses were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Statistical analyses looking for overall significant differences between the groups were made using Chi square cross tab test. Due to the number of statistical tests that were performed for each domain in the post hoc test, an adjusted significance level of p < 0.001 was used to reduce the risk of Type 1 error. Results Significant differences were observed between groups for serve placement, shot used after hitting a serve, type of 2nd last and last shot used, hitting zone and placement by the point winner on last shots. Rallies of longer duration were significantly more frequent in the AM & FF groups compared to the YNC group. Concerning serve outcome, serve return, return placement, shot after serve placement, shot combinations, length on 2nd last and last shot, unforced, forced errors and winners no statistical differences were observed between groups. Conclusion This study indicates that higher demands are placed on placement accuracy in the ATP masters and Falu Future tournaments, specifically for the serve, but also for groundstrokes compared to the Swedish youth national championships tournament. This knowledge can be used to identify technical skills and physiological abilities that are important to practise in order to improve performance in tennis on different levels.
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Tomanin, Cassia Regina. "A cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise no português brasileiro /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106225.
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Orientador: Rosane de Andrade BerlinckBanca: Roberto Leiser Baronas
Banca: Flávia Bezerra de Menezes Hirata Vale
Banca: Beatriz Nunes de Oliveira Longo
Banca: Cristina Martins Fargetti
Resumo: O trabalho que está se apresentando neste momento é um texto pequeno em extensão, e que tem como principal objetivo reivindicar que a construção: verbo auxiliar + clítico + verbo principal seja reconhecida, do ponto de vista da colocação pronominal, como uma construção mesoclítica. Tal reivindicação justifica-se pelo fato de que o que é denominado pela gramática normativa como mesóclise, é a colocação de um pronome no ponto de juntura no lugar em que em um momento da história forma dois verbos: um verbo principal + o verbo auxiliar haver (hab ēre). A hipótese aqui defendida tem dois pontos básicos de sustentação: o primeiro é a própria história do futuro; o segundo é o processo de gramaticalização do futuro, no qual o fenômeno aqui apresentado foi inserido e, que tem como conseqüência a cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise. Pela complexidade que envolve o tempo e pela incerteza que é característica inerente do futuro, discute-se, ainda, noções de tempo e, especificamente, do futuro, por estarem elas relacionadas à variação nas formas de expressão do futuro; assim como a discussão sobre ser o futuro um tempo ou um modo. A incerteza, provavelmente, gerada pela virtualidade do futuro, pode ser um fator condicionante da variação em torno da expressão desse tempo; isso tem como conseqüência, o surgimento de formas perifrásticas, que são constituídas pelo verbo principal e um verbo auxiliar, o qual executa as tarefas morfológicas. Pela importância do verbo principal nesse processo, apresenta-se e discute-se, também, a questão da auxiliaridade. Para ilustrar o processo de cristalização da nova modalidade de mesóclise, apresentam-se exemplos retirados de cartas familiares e oficiais e textos de jornais de várias regiões do país, ambos produzidos nos séculos XVIII e XIX.
Abstract: In this dissertation the status of mesoclitic is claimed to the construction auxiliary verb+clitic+main verb in Portuguese language from the point-of-view of the pronominal position. In traditional grammar mesoclitic is the location of a pronoun in the junction point that in history of Portuguese language gives rise to two verbs: a main verb+the auxiliary verb haver (habēre). The hypothesis claimed in this dissertation is supported by two basic points: first, the history of the future; second, the process of crystallization of the phenomenon is inserted in and classified as mesoclitic. The notion of tense, specifically of future, is discussed because of the complexity of the tense and the incertitude intrinsic to the future. This discussion is due to the relation between future and the variation in the realization of future forms and because of the discussion on future as a tense or a mode. The incertitude probably generated by the virtuality of the future may the conditioning factor of variation in the expression of this tense; its consequence is the appearing of periphrastic forms constituted by the main verb and an auxiliary verb that perform morphological tasks. Auxiliarity is also discussed because of the importance of the main verb in this process. The process of gramaticalization of the new mesoclitic construction is exemplified by official and family letters and newspaper articles written between the 18th and 19th in several Brazilian locations.
Doutor
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Torres, Fábio Fernandes. "O gerúndio na expressão de tempo futuro: um estudo sociofuncionalista." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3599.
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TORRES, Fábio Fernandes. O gerúndio na expressão de tempo futuro: um estudo sociofuncionalista. 2009. 182f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-09T14:50:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_diss__FFTorres.pdf: 936413 bytes, checksum: af8572e4e47a77d1dfe23b3cfa452ead (MD5)
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This research deals with the variation of future tense with gerund forms in the Portuguese spoken in Fortaleza, from data of speakers of three different professions, collected by means of sociolinguistic interviews: salesmen, teachers and telemarketing workers. This phenomenon presents six variants: a) the imminent periphrastic simple future, b) the imminent periphrastic extended future - that compose the imminent future variable; c) the medium periphrastic simple future, d) the medium periphrastic extended future - that compose the medium future variable; e) the resultative periphrastic simple future, and f) the resultative periphrastic extended future - that compose the resultative future variable. We also consider a definition of gerundismo based on form, aspect, modality and temporal criteria. The theoretical referential is composed by the association of postulates of the Sociolinguistics Analysis and the Linguistic Functionalism, resulting in the theoretical configuration of the Sociofuncionalismo, considered by Tavares (2003). The analysis is performed in four stages: in the first one, we analyze the variants of imminent future; after that, the variants of medium future; later, the variants of resultative future and, finally, a section is dedicated for analysis of the variant called gerundismo. Results confirm that the phenomenon under study is influenced by factors of distinct nature: social factors, such as sex and profession of speakers and linguistic factors as type of the verb (auxiliary or modal verbs) and presence of one mark of future tense.
Esta dissertação trata da variação de tempo futuro no português falado em Fortaleza codificado por perífrases gerundivas, a partir de dados de fala de informantes de três diferentes áreas de atuação, coletados por meio de entrevistas sociolinguísticas: vendedores, professores e operadores de telemarketing. Esse fenômeno apresenta seis variantes: a) futuro iminente perifrástico simples, b) futuro iminente perifrástico estendido – que compõem a subvariável futuro iminente; c) futuro médio perifrástico simples, d) futuro médio perifrástico estendido – que compõem a subvariável futuro médio; e) futuro resultativo perifrástico simples e f) futuro resultativo perifrástico estendido – que compõem a subvariável futuro resultativo. Trata-se também da variante denominada gerundismo para a qual propomos uma definição baseada em critérios tais como forma, aspecto, modalidade e natureza temporal. O referencial teórico é composto pela associação de postulados da Sociolinguística Variacionista e do Funcionalismo Linguístico, resultando na configuração teórica do Sociofuncionalismo, proposto por Tavares (2003). A análise é feita em quatro etapas: na primeira, analisamos as variantes de futuro iminente; em seguida, as variantes de futuro médio, depois, as variantes de futuro resultativo e, por último, é dedicada uma seção para análise da variante denominada gerundismo. Os resultados confirmam que o fenômeno em estudo é influenciado por fatores de uma natureza distinta: fatores sociais, tais como o sexo e a profissão dos falantes e fatores linguísticos como o tipo do verbo (verbos auxiliares ou modais) e presença de uma marca de tempo futuro.
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Santos, Samuel Nunes dos. "Concepção de passado, presente e futuro na I apologia de Justino Mártir: Uma visão do tempo histórico no século II D.C." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8026.
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Justin Martyr, in his First Apology, disputes the way Christians were being judged before the Roman magistrates. Because he does not agree with this, he exposes his arguments in favor of Christians. In order to strengthen his argument, Justin brings us past and contemporary events and relies on his eschatological hopes. The use of temporalities in his arguments led us to ask how he understood his present time. Based on the historical time of definition proposed by Reinhart Koselleck, we set out to analyze the First Apology to understand Justin's look towards his own time. We look after, in this way, to try to understand what factors underlie his tension, which would explain its vision of the world. In the search for a better understanding of these factors, we propose three steps: To broaden the knowledge about our source through the study of its form and content to analyze the most present intertextuality in his work (his conception of prophet and prophecy from Judeo-Christian literature) and, finally, the way he dealt with past, present, and future temporalities.
Justino Mártir, em sua I Apologia, contesta a forma como os cristãos eram julgados diante dos magistrados romanos. Sentindo que estes estavam sendo injustiçados, ele expõe seus argumentos a favor dos cristãos. A fim de corroborar seus argumentos, Justino traz-nos eventos passados e contemporâneos e se apoia em suas esperanças escatológicas. Essa construção textual de Justino nos levou a perguntar sobre como ele compreendia o seu próprio tempo. Para tanto, utilizamos a definição de tempo histórico proposta por Reinhart Koselleck que defende que o tempo histórico é a “tensão entre o espaço de experiência e o horizonte de expectativa” (KOSELLECK, 2006, p. 313). Tratamos, desta forma, de buscar entender que fatores subjaziam sua tensão, que explicariam sua visão de mundo. Para melhor entender tais fatores, nos propomos, a seguir três passos: conhecer melhor nossa fonte ampliando os nossos conhecimentos sobre sua forma e conteúdo, analisar a intertextualidade mais presente em sua obra (sua concepção de profeta e profecia a partir da literatura judaico-cristã) e, por fim, a forma como ele lidava com as temporalidades passado, presente e futuro.
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BOHÁČOVÁ, Monika. "Slovesné časy vyjadřující budoucí děj v italštině ve srovnání s francouzštinou." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200446.
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This Master´s thesis explores the system of future time of the Italian and French language. The aim of this work is to describe in detail what the possibilities are in expressing the future time in the Italian and French language. It is divided in two main parts which are composed of 4 chapters. The first part, divided in three chapters, describes how in theory the future time is formed in Italian and French; what their usage is and what the key differences between them are. It also addresses the issues of possible traduction between them. In the practical part which is processed in a parallel body Intercorp the thesis aims to justify the theoretical findings of the first part.
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Šteflová, Hanna. "Výuka budoucích časů u vysokoškolských studentů oboru anglistika." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352949.
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1 Abstract This thesis deals with teaching the following seven future forms: the Future Simple, Be going to, the Present Simple and the Present Continuous with a future reference, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous to students of English Philology. The deductive and inductive approaches to teaching grammar were employed to teach these future forms. The quantitative part of the study had two main objectives. The first objective was to revise and improve the students' knowledge of the seven future forms taught by the study. The results revealed that out of all the seven future forms, the students' knowledge of the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous was the least satisfactory, and these tenses required further explanation and practice. The participants' knowledge of the rules of use for all seven future forms was rather low in general and required significant improvement. The second objective was to investigate which approach to teaching grammar, the deductive or inductive approach, was more effective for teaching future tenses. The deductive approach proved to be more effective for teaching all seven future forms. The difference between the results of the pre-test and the post-test for the Future Continuous, the Future...
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Osborne, Samantha D. "Variable future tense expression in Andalusian Spanish." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/osborne%5Fsamantha%5Fd%5F200808%5Fma.
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Afonso, Ana Cristina Gonçalves. "O Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito: entre tempo e modalidade." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/56192.
Full textAbstract:
O Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito é um paradigma linguístico cujo estudo levanta questões não triviais acerca do funcionamento da língua. Esta dissertação pretende ser um contributo para a sua compreensão. Num primeiro momento, são apresentados alguns trabalhos em que o foco é o Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito mas que apresentam visões diferenciadas acerca do mesmo. Seguidamente, explora-se a problemática de se definir o Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito como tempo ou como modo admitindo, porém, não perspetivar esta questão como fundamental para o seu estudo. É dada também relevância à diacronia do Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito cuja história, em português europeu, ainda se encontra, com exceções, pouco explorada. Observam-se, depois, algumas convergências e divergências nos usos e valores do Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito com as duas formas linguísticas que com este partilham morfologia, o Imperfeito do Indicativo e o Futuro do Indicativo. Por fim, exploram-se aqueles que se creem ser os seus usos e valores mais comuns, com foco no português europeu contemporâneo. Mais do que tentar estabelecer uma delimitação para o significado do Condicional / Futuro do Pretérito, o que aqui se pretende é, fundamentalmente, levantar questões que se considerem pertinentes para um estudo mais aprofundado da língua.The Conditional / Future in the Past is a linguistic paradigm whose study raises non-trivial questions about the functioning of language. This dissertation is intended to be a contribution to its understanding. At first, some works are presented in which the focus is the Conditional / Future in the Past but that present different views of it. Next, we explore the problem of defining the Conditional / Future in the Past as a tense or as a mood, admitting, however, not to prospect this as a fundamental question for its study. It is also given relevance to the diachrony of the Conditional / Future in the Past whose history, in European Portuguese, is still, with exceptions, little explored. Then we observe some convergences and divergences in the uses and values of the Conditional / Future in the Past with the two other linguistic forms with which it shares morphology, the Imperfect of the Indicative and the Future of the Indicative. Finally, we explore its uses and values which we believe to be the most common, focusing on contemporary European Portuguese. Rather than attempting to establish a delimitation of the meaning of the Conditional / Future in the Past, what is intended here is, fundamentally, to raise questions that are considered relevant for a more in-depth study of language.
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Chang, Will, and 張威爾. "Progress and Future Development of Disabled Male Table Tennis Athletes in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79412825821535019977.
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碩士中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
97
The purpose of the study was to provide date to benefit people with disabilities on participating in sport activities and enhancing competition outcomes. The study was conducted utilizing questionnaires to investigate male table tennis players competing in 2008 national handicapped games in Hua-Lian. The results were expected to be used by experts and researchers of disabled sports in the future to develop efficient training methods for competition techniques and strategies. Results would also be beneficial for physical, mental, and spiritual recovery and convalesce for disabled people. A total of 106 questionnaires were utilized with 102 returns, and the return rate was 96.266%. The number of valid questionnaire was 96 (94.118%), and the number of invalid questionnaire was 6 (5.882%). Mean age of 96 athletes was 45.5 years old. Mean age of the 32 national level athletes was 45.4 years old, and mean age of the 64 non-national level athletes was 45.6 years old. Most athletes were in the standing category including 20 national level athletes out of 32 and 38 non-national level athletes out of 64. Sixty-one athletes were polio, and only 4 athletes were amputee. Most athletes were having a career in administrative management, technical service, and economy with 9 people respectively. Athletes who were recruited in the national team had at least 12 months of training﹔43 athletes who were not recruited in the national team, still enjoy the training, had at least 5 years of training. 23 athletes in the national team were having the training intensity as more than 4 hours a week, and 41 athletes who were not in the national team were trained less than 4 hours a week.
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Cheng, Shih Chueh, and 石爵誠. "A Study of the Tennis Tournament Satisfaction, Participant Motivation and Future Participating Intention—An Example of Tennis Tournament Hosted by IntegrationSports®." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62817175835175141780.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
休閒運動健康系所
101
The purpose of this study was to examine how in a tennis tournament participants’ sport event satisfaction, participant motivation and future participating intention were related to one another. Further focuses would be on how the difference in background among participants affected their satisfaction, motivation and loyalty and whether their satisfaction and motivation helped predict their willingness to rejoin the event. Recruited through a convenience sampling, 228 questionnaires were sent during the tournaments in 2012 and 2013. 215 copies were valid, and the response rate was 94.2%. The data obtained through questionnaires was processed in SPSS18.0 for Windows with descriptive statistics, Independent-Sample T Test, One-way ANOVA and a stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results are as follows. 1. 82.8% of the participants were male. 60% were college graduates. 55.3% had either never or once/twice signed up for the tournament. 2. On satisfaction from event service, significant differences were found among participants in background variables, such as age, monthly income, occupation and the times they had participated in the event. 3. On participant motivation, significant differences were found among participants in age and the times they had participated in the event. 4. On future participating intention, significant differences were found among male participants in the background variable of level. 5. Variables of background variables, sport event satisfaction and motivation significantly predicted participants’ future participating intention. Suggestions based on the results are as follows. 1. Male and college students are ideal target participants. Events can be tailored to meet their needs. 2. The basic male level may include female participants and mixed groups. 3. The more groups, the less efficient it will be. The sponsor may combine all the levels above NTRP3.5 into one so as not to waste resources.
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LU, SHO-MEI, and 呂淑美. "A Study on the Participation Motivations and Future Career Development of Senior High Table Tennis Players." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27038827121731336653.
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碩士大葉大學
運動健康管理學系
103
The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between sports participation motivation and future career development of senior high school table tennis players. This study enrolled male and female senior high school table tennis players participating in National Table Tennis Championship in 2014 as the research subjects. This study used convenience sampling to conduct the questionnaire survey. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, and 200 questionnaires were returned. After 15 invalid questionnaires were excluded, there were a total of 185 valid questionnaires, with a valid return rate of 92.50%. According to the statistical analysis using SPSS 18, the results are as follows: (1) the sports participation motivation of senior high school table tennis players is medium and above. Grade and sports seniority have a significant effect on sports participation motivation of senior high school table tennis players; (2)the future career development of senior high school table tennis players was medium. Training time has a significant effect on senior high school table tennis players’ future career development; (3)there is a significantly positive correlation between senior high school table tennis players’ sports participation motivation and future career development, suggesting that, the higher the senior high school table tennis players’ participation motivation is, the better their future career development is. The research results can be provided as reference for relevant educational units to develop sports training courses or cultivate competitive sports players, which may be beneficial to the promotion of table tennis.
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Wu, Ting-Hong, and 吳挺宏. "A Study on the Amateur-Table-Tennis Point Races Participants’ Motivation, Behaviors, Satisfaction and Future-participating Intention." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14718784222682858938.
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碩士國立體育大學
休閒產業經營學系碩士班
99
This study aims to understand the motivation of participants of point races at the Amateur-Table-Tennis (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation), behaviors ( levels of exercise behavior), levels of satisfaction (schedule, venue, time arrangement, referees’ quality, administrative work, award and others), and willingness of participating again so as to discuss the relationships among these variants. The paper was based on the survey conducted by the participants from point races at the Amateur-Table-Tennis in Taipei City and Hsinchu City. There were 394 questionnaires in total, with 374 questionnaires valid. The returning rate was 94.7%. The information obtained was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, manova analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Findings: 1. The average age of participants were 26 year-old. Male accounts for the major part, and female was absolute minority. 75% of the participants’ commuting time was less than 40 minutes. Participants who had a BA degree and elementary school account for the largest part. Most participants’ monthly income was NT10, 000; participants who earn NT50, 001 were the second largest group. Student made up the largest population within professions. 2. Motivation: different ages, ball ages, frequencies of participating the game per week, intensity of exercising, exercise behaviors, frequencies of participating within three months, and participating partners affected the motivation dramatically. There were no other distinct differences otherwise. 3. Behavior: Motivation: different ages, genders, professions, frequencies of participating the game per week, time of exercising, intensity of exercising, participant’s accumulated points, frequencies of participating within three months, and goals of participating point race affected the behavior dramatically. There were no other distinct differences otherwise. 4. Satisfaction: different ages, education levels, professions, characteristics of organizers, characteristics of venues, ball age, and participating again within three month affected satisfaction dramatically. There were no other distinct differences otherwise. 5. Re-participating intention: different intensities of exercising, exercising behaviors, years of participation, participants’ accumulated points affected the re-participating intention. There were no other distinct differences otherwise. 6. There was a correlation between motivation, behavior, and stratification and future-participating intention. Intrinsic motivation, administrative work, and exercise behavior shed light on future-participating intention.
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Smažíková, Adéla. "Vyjadřování následnosti ve španělštině prostřednictvím indikativu a subjunktivu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398763.
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in English Expression of Posteriority in Spanish through Indicative and Subjunctive The aim of this thesis is to study those paradigms in indicative and subjunctive which express the absolute and relative posteriority in Spanish. Our thesis is based on the literature related with the topic and also on the language corpora. We study the particular paradigms, their contexts and the possibilities of their mutual alternation. A considerable part of the thesis is dedicated to the absolute posteriority. We study the paradigms in indicative not only with respect to the time delimitation but also in term of the context and attitude of the speaker. As for the paradigms in subjunctive, we focus on the types of subordinate clauses. In the chapter dedicated to the relative posteriority, we demonstrate which paradigms correspond to the paradigms in absolute posteriority. We briefly compare the situation in Spanish with the one in Czech. Based on the results of our case studies and information from literature, we came to the conclusion that it is not possible to simply classify the particular uses of the paradigms and that is important to take several factors into consideration, not only the distance of action from the moment of speech.
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Vaníková, Martina. "Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409111.
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Prefix ex- u latinských sloves a jeho aspektová funkce Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect - disertační práce - Mgr. Martina Vaníková Summary The proposed thesis titled Latin Verbal Prefix ex- in Regard of Aspect is a pilot study that deals with the ways of expressing aspect in Latin, which is based on the detailed analysis of the functions of the verbal prefix ex- as one of the important components of this category. It also tries to find the method for the future research on the matter. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author gives summary of existing theories on aspect in general, with special attention given to the theories on aspect in the Czech and Latin language. The author defines the terms "aspect", "Aktionsart" and "situation type" at great length, and she particularly sets light to the term "telicity", distinguishing the "inherent telicity" from "maximizing". The practical part consist of: 1. a detailed analysis of all the occurrences of the indicative imperfect of the verbs with the prefix ex- from the corpus, which comprises of all well-preserved Latin texts from Plautus to Cicero; 2. an analysis of the indicative future and present tense forms of the selected verbs with the prefix ex-. Based on the analysis of the imperfect, the author verifies her hypothesis that the prefix...
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Bensmail, Yassine. "A glimpse into the future with orthodontics’ smart brackets." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9510.
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O aparelho ortodôntico fixo tipo multibandas atual não permite medir ‘in-vivo’ as forças
e torques aplicados ao dente individual. Para um tratamento ideal e para reduzir os efeitos
iatrogênicos, o ‘Smart Bracket’ foi desenvolvido para uma próxima geração de aparelhos
ortodônticos fixos fornecendo ao ortodontista uma medida quantitativa sobre as forças e
torques aplicados a cada dente ao longo da terapia.
O presente trabalho pretende ser uma revisão narrativa da literatura tendo como objetivo
descrever o conceito de ‘Smart Bracket’, comparando-o com os aparelhos ortodônticos
fixos atuais. Além disso, procura analisar e resumir o seu desenvolvimento e a evolução
dos seus vários protótipos existentes.
A pesquisa foi realizada entre Fevereiro e Agosto de 2020 por meio do motor de busca
B-On (entre outros), para o período temporal 2005-2020, com o objectivo de sintetizar a
literatura sobre o sistema, identificar seus limites e, eventualmente, recomendar novos
temas de pesquisa. Adicionalmente, artigos de revisão e livros científicos foram
consultados a partir de 2000 para apresentar os atuais aparelhos multibandas e seus efeitos
iatrogênicos.The current multi-bracket appliances do not allow to measure ‘in-vivo’ the forces and torques applied to the individual tooth. For an ideal treatment and to reduce iatrogenic effects, the ‘Smart Bracket’ has been developed for a next generation of fixed orthodontic appliances providing the orthodontist with quantitative measure of the forces and torques applied to each tooth throughout therapy. The present work intends to be a narrative review of the literature aiming to describe the concept of ‘Smart Bracket’, comparing it with the current fixed orthodontic appliances. In addition, it seeks to analyze and summarize its development and the evolution of its various existing prototypes. The literature research was carried out between February and August 2020 using the search engine B-On (among others), for the period 2005-2020, with the aim of synthesizing the literature on the system, identifying its limits and, eventually, recommend new research topics. In addition, review articles and scientific books were consulted from 2000 onwards to present the current multiband devices and their iatrogenic effects.
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Bosma, B., R. Chia, and Ian Fouweather. "Radical learning through semantic transformation: capitalizing on novelty." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7771.
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YesThat organizations exist in a fluid environment of unprecedented and discontinuous change seems beyond debate. We seem to find ourselves immersed in a world in which events have a tendency to unfold and overtake us in unforeseeable and novel ways that defy comprehension; a crisis of meaning takes place and conventional sensemaking is disrupted. Our need to imaginatively construct new meanings that allow us to understand what is going on and to work out how to respond becomes ever more pressing. We do live in interesting times. The emergence of the new, however, challenges current established ways of knowing and opens a creative space for radical learning to take place. Novelty stimulates the generative process by which organizations and individuals learn, adapt to and cope with the exigencies they face in order to survive and progress. Such radical learning occurs when creative linguistic interventions in dialogue opens up semantic spaces whereby new terms are coined and old ones broken up, combined and/or redeployed in novel ways, in an effort to give expression to the fresh circumstances experienced or new phenomena observed. We call this kind of imaginative linguistic intervention semantic transformation. In this paper we argue that it is this semantic transformation that promotes radical transformational learning. Such semantic transformation is predicated on the improvisatory character of dialogue as a form of communication. We explore how, through this dialogical process of semantic transformation, we discover the resources and means to respond to the vagueness and equivocality experienced, by exploiting language in novel ways in our attempts to make sense of and account for such experiences.
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CHUANG, YIN-TING, and 莊茵婷. "Shooting to the international,pinging the future, A historical study of the Nantou County Ruizhu National Primary School women's table tennis team." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3v28kh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
體育學系碩士在職專班
106
The Ruizhu elementary school table tennis team was once a women’s table tennis in a well-know elementary school in Taiwan. It had a brilliant record and cultivated many outstanding women's players. The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons for the establishment of the Ruizhu elementary school women's table tennis team. The team is booming. Through historical research, collecting historical materials and oral history, this paper sorts out the development of the Ruizhu elementary school women's table tennis team in Nantou County in 1972 and 1988, and understands its development process, brilliant achievements and teaching. The training situation was adopted to convey the splendid grandeur of the time; to visit the training style and leadership style of the coach, the training course of the selection, and the difficulties and breakthroughs faced by the severe training at that time. The results of the study were as follows: First,the team was enthusiastically initiated by the principal and inspired by the efforts of enthusiastic coaches. Excellent female players: CHUANG,SHU-HUA, LAI,HUI-FANG, LU,HSIU-KUEI, CHI,LI-CHUAN, REN,TAI-FANG.The principal of the school is fully supported by the president of SHIH,HUNG-YU. Under the project of Chen,Shi-Jie was founded in 1972. Second, the Ruizhu elementary school women's table tennis team changes, the germination period needs the right time and the right place, and under all conditions, it still needs time to be tempered, and the self-breakthrough is tempered before reaching the peak, and the reason for the final decline. It was Chen who died of illness and could no longer find that the two coaches would sacrifice their dedication to pay for the team wholeheartedly. This is the key to the team's sustainable.
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CHIANG-TA-CHENG and 江大成. "The study mainly investigated the table tennis strategy of Taiwanese high school table tennis players by three stage skill analysis. The study analysed players who are from the quarter final in the 2014 National High School Athletic Games(all about Fu Cheng Senior High School players). Games were recorded by video and record those players’ gripping mode from preliminaries to the final game. The gripped mode, three stage skill, and strategy were recorded by 3 A-level coaches. By this way, we can analse high school students’ skill in actual situation. Moreover, we can review the advantage and disadvantage for future training, and enhance their level of skill.The scoring rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 48.9％、39.1％、12％, No.1235 player 40.6％、28.1％、31.3％,and No.1240 player 33.1％、35％、32％. The usage rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 42.6％、43.3％、14.1％, No.1235 player 38.4％、33.2％、28.2％,and No.1240 player 28.2％、35.1％、36.6％.The overall average of usage rate showed that Three-Part Skill is used more in the section of attack after serve part and attack on return serve part. Conclusion: The research shows that players of Kaohsiung Municipal Fu Cheng Senior High School mainly use quick attack combining top spin and top spin combining quick attack. If they could participate more national events,and train themselves to strengthen their advantages and improve shortcomings. Someday, they can greatly enhance their personal achievement." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94996991702015980304.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
體育教學碩士在職專班
104
The study mainly investigated the table tennis strategy of Taiwanese high school table tennis players by three stage skill analysis. The study analysed players who are from the quarter final in the 2014 National High School Athletic Games(all about Fu Cheng Senior High School players). Games were recorded by video and record those players’ gripping mode from preliminaries to the final game. The gripped mode, three stage skill, and strategy were recorded by 3 A-level coaches. By this way, we can analse high school students’ skill in actual situation. Moreover, we can review the advantage and disadvantage for future training, and enhance their level of skill. The scoring rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 48.9％、39.1％、12％, No.1235 player 40.6％、28.1％、31.3％,and No.1240 player 33.1％、35％、32％. The usage rates of Three-Part Skill are as follow:No.1234 player 42.6％、43.3％、14.1％, No.1235 player 38.4％、33.2％、28.2％,and No.1240 player 28.2％、35.1％、36.6％.The overall average of usage rate showed that Three-Part Skill is used more in the section of attack after serve part and attack on return serve part. Conclusion: The research shows that players of Kaohsiung Municipal Fu Cheng Senior High School mainly use quick attack combining top spin and top spin combining quick attack. If they could participate more national events,and train themselves to strengthen their advantages and improve shortcomings. Someday, they can greatly enhance their personal achievement.