Academic literature on the topic 'Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Sudo, Yasuhiro, Masahito Kurihara, and Tamotsu Mitamura. "Extending Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, no. 4 (2006): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0465.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper propose a new type of Fuzzy CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem) that have a mixture of discrete and continuous domains, and a Spread-Repair algorithm. In traditional CSP and Fuzzy CSP, values for the variables are chosen from the discrete domains. However, this is often inconvenient when one wants to express real world problems. We show that this model, called HDFCSP (Hybrid Domain Fuzzy CSP), can be solved by Spread-Repair, an extension of the well known iterative improvement algorithms. Experimental results on some test problems show that the algorithm actually has an ability of
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Torra I Reventós, Vicenç. "On Considering Constraints of Different Importance in Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 06, no. 05 (1998): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488598000379.

Full text
Abstract:
Several real-world applications (e.g., scheduling, configuration, …) can be formulated as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP). In these cases, a set of variables have to be settled to a value with the requirement that they satisfy a set of constraints. Classical CSPs are defined only by means of crisp (Boolean) constraints. However, as sometimes Boolean constraints are too strict in relation to human reasoning, fuzzy constraints were introduced. When fuzzy constraints are considered, human reasoning usually performs some compensation between alternatives. Thus other operators than t-norms a
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Luo, Xudong, Jimmy Ho-man Lee, Ho-fung Leung, and Nicholas R. Jennings. "Prioritised fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems: axioms, instantiation and validation." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 136, no. 2 (2003): 151–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0114(02)00385-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

CHEN, CHENG-LIANG, and DAIM-YUANG SUN. "SOLUTION OF FUZZY DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS BY ADAPTIVE STOCHASTIC ALGORITHM." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 09, no. 04 (2000): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213000000331.

Full text
Abstract:
This article proposes a novel algorithm for optimizing a nonlinear dynamic system subjected to flexible path constraints. Each flexible constraint is fuzzified by using the concept of degree-of-acceptability, and the fuzzy degree-of-satisfaction for the objective is then derived. The numerical method of Integrated Controlled Random Search for Dynamic System (ICRS/DS) is applied here for solving the resulting fuzzy decision problem. One numerical example is supplied, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

KATAI, Osamu, Tadashi HORIUCHI, Shigeo MATSUBARA, Tetsuo SAWARAGI, and Sosuke IWAI. "Autonomous Decentralized System for Constraint Satisfaction Problems Involving Continuous Variables and Fuzzy Constraints." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 31, no. 5 (1995): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.31.640.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Liu, Cheng, and Kun Kun Gu. "Location Problems of the Distribution Center under Uncertain Environment." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.617.

Full text
Abstract:
Based on conventional location problems of distribution centers, the location problem of multiple distribution centers was considered, in which both the plant capacity and clients’ demands were fuzzy parameters. A mathematical model was built with fuzzy constraints and converted to an interval programming model based on cut set- by means of introducing the concept of cut set. Then, the interval constraint was converted to its certain equivalence for solution through the satisfaction, thus the interval programming problem was further converted to a deterministic 0-1 mixed integer programming pr
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Khorsandi, Armita, Bing-Yuan Cao, and Hadi Nasseri. "A New Method to Optimize the Satisfaction Level of the Decision Maker in Fuzzy Geometric Programming Problems." Mathematics 7, no. 5 (2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7050464.

Full text
Abstract:
Geometric programming problems are well-known in mathematical modeling. They are broadly used in diverse practical fields that are contemplated through an appropriate methodology. In this paper, a multi-parametric vector α is proposed for approaching the highest decision maker satisfaction. Hitherto, the simple parameter α , which has a scalar role, has been considered in the problem. The parameter α is a vector whose range is within the region of the satisfaction area. Conventionally, it is assumed that the decision maker is sure about the parameters, but, in reality, it is mostly hesitant ab
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

SUDO, Yasuhiro, Masahito KURIHARA, and Tamotsu MITAMURA. "Hybrid Domain Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems and Their Iterative Improvement Algorithms." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 17, no. 3 (2005): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.17.367.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cavalieri, S., and M. Russo. "Solving constraint satisfaction and optimization problems by a neuro-fuzzy approach." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 29, no. 6 (1999): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3477.809042.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yanagida, Takuto, Masahito Kurihara, and Hidetoshi Nonaka. "A Tool for Visualizing the Behavior of Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Solvers." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, no. 5 (2010): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0425.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a software tool to intuitively comprehend and analyze fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems (FCSPs) through effective visualization with animation. FCSPs are an extension of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), which are used for formulating problems in real-world information systems. Once we formulate a problem as an FCSP, it can be solved (in principle) by any existing general-purpose FCSP solvers developed so far. However, the formulation is sometimes difficult because it requires high abstraction of real-world problems and affects the performance of the solvers. Th
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Kwan, Alvin Chi Ming. "A framework for mapping constraint satisfaction problems to solution methods." Thesis, University of Essex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339436.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Smit, Marius. "Interactive narrative generation using computational verb theory." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27510.

Full text
Abstract:
Interactive narrative extends traditional story-telling techniques by enabling previously passive observers to become active participants in the narrative events that unfold. A variety of approaches have attempted to construct such interactive narrative spaces and reconcile the goals of interactivity and dramatic story-telling. With the advent of the linguistic variable in 1972, a means was established for modelling natural language words and phrases mathematically and computationally. Over the past decade, the computational verb, first introduced in 1997, has been developed as a mathematical
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Srđan, Škrbić. "Upotreba fazi logike u relacionim bazama podataka." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20090319SKRBIC.

Full text
Abstract:
Doktorska disertacija pripada oblastiinformacionih sistema, odnosno podoblasti kojase bavi upravljanjem skladištenjem ipretraživanjem informacija. Osnovni ciljdisertacije je modeliranje i implementacijaskupa alata koji omogućavaju upotrebu fazilogike u radu sa relacionim bazama podataka.Da bi se do tog skupa alata došlo, najpre jerelacioni model podataka proširen elementimateorije fazi skupova, a zatim je definisano faziproširenje upitnog jezika SQL – PFSQL.Interpreter za taj jezik je implementiran uokviru fazi JDBC drajvera koji, osimimplementacije interprete
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Pang, Wanlin. "Constraint structure in constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0012/NQ39165.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Carbonnel, Clément. "Harnessing tractability in constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0118/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Le problème de satisfaction de contraintes (CSP) est un problème NP-complet classique en intelligence artificielle qui a suscité un engouement important de la communauté scientifique grâce à la richesse de ses aspects pratiques et théoriques. Cependant, au fil des années un gouffre s'est creusé entre les praticiens, qui développent des méthodes exponentielles mais efficaces pour résoudre des instances industrielles, et les théoriciens qui conçoivent des algorithmes sophistiqués pour résoudre en temps polynomial certaines restrictions de CSP dont l'intérêt pratique n'est pas avéré. Dans cette t
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Escamocher, Guillaume. "Forbidden patterns in constraint satisfaction problems." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2283/.

Full text
Abstract:
Le problème de satisfaction de contraintes (CSP) est NP-complet, même dans le cas où toutes les contraintes sont binaires. Cependant, certaines classes d'instances CSP sont traitables. Récemment, une nouvelle méthode pour définir de telles classes aémergée. Cette approche est centrée autour des motifs interdits, ou l'absence locale de certaines conditions. Elle est l'objet de ma thèse. Nous définissons formellement ce que sont les motifs interdits, présentons les propriétés qu'ils détiennent, et finalement les utilisons afin d'établir plusieurs résultats de complexité importants. En utilisant
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Madelaine, Florent. "Constraint satisfaction problems and related logic." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30524.

Full text
Abstract:
Feder and Vardi have proved that the class captured by a monadic fragment of existential second-order logic, MMSNP, is computationally equivalent (via randomised reductions) to the class of constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) while the latter is strictly included in the former. I introduce a new class of combinatorial problems, the so-called forbidden patterns problems (FP), that correspond exactly to the logic MMSNP and introduce some novel algebraic tools like the re-colouring that allow me to construct a normal form. This leads to a constructive characterisation of the borderline of CSP
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Black, Daniel Peter. "Search in weighted constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1309/.

Full text
Abstract:
A wide variety of real-world optimisation problems can be modelled as Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problems (WCSPs). Such problems are NP-hard and require an exponential amount of time to find the optimal solution. This thesis concentrates on the University Examination Timetabling Problem. A general abstraction of this problem has been used, as there are many institution-specific rules which could be incorporated into the problem. The use of this problem type allows WCSPs to be investigated using realistic problem data and allows a comparison with previously published results for the probl
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Warwick, T. J. "A GA approach to constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, University of Essex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260401.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nguyen, Thi Hong Hiep. "Strong consistencies for weighted constraint satisfaction problems." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30004/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette thèse se focalise sur l'étude de cohérences locales fortes afin de résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation sur des réseaux de fonctions de coûts (ou réseaux de contraintes pondérées). Ces méthodes fournissent le minorant nécessaire pour des approches de type "Séparation-Evaluation". Nous étudions dans un premier temps la cohérence d'Arc virtuelle (VAC), une des plus fortes cohérences d'arcs du domaine, qui est établie via l'établissement de la cohérence d'arc dure dans une séquence de réseaux de contraintes classiques. L'algorithme itératif pour établir VAC est amélioré via l'introduction
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Ghédira, Khaled, and Bernard Dubuisson, eds. Constraint Satisfaction Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118574522.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Creignou, Nadia. Complexity classifications of Boolean constraint satisfaction problems. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Živný, Stanislav. The Complexity of Valued Constraint Satisfaction Problems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33974-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

The complexity of valued constraint satisfaction problems. Springer, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wahbi, Mohamed. Algorithms and ordering heuristics for distributed constraint satisfaction problems. ISTE, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wahbi, Mohamed. Algorithms and Ordering Heuristics for Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118753620.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hjerpe, Torkel. High-level specification and efficient solving of constraint satisfaction problems. Computing Science Dept., Uppsala University, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kubica, Bartłomiej Jacek. Interval Methods for Solving Nonlinear Constraint Satisfaction, Optimization and Similar Problems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13795-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nachtsheim, Philip R. A technique for solving constraint satisfaction problems using Prolog's definite clause grammars. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

A. S. Janet van der Linden. Dynamic meta-constraints: An approach to dealing with non-standard constraint satisfaction problems. Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Kowalczyk, Ryszard. "On Linguistic Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In Computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 2. Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1872-7_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Wong, Jason H. Y., Ka-fai Ng, and Ho-fung Leung. "A stochastic approach to solving fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61551-2_119.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Luo, Xudong, Ho-fung Leung, and Jimmy Ho-man Lee. "A New Axiomatic Framework for Prioritized Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In PRICAI 2000 Topics in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44533-1_84.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Montesino-Guerra, Juan A., Héctor Puga, J. Martín Carpio, Manuel Ornelas-Rodríguez, A. Rojas-Domínguez, and Lucero Ortiz-Aguilar. "Combinatorial Designs on Constraint Satisfaction Problem (VRP)." In Intuitionistic and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Enhancements in Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theory and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35445-9_36.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yanagida, Takuto, and Hidetoshi Nonaka. "Flexible Widget Layout Formulated as Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problem." In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00909-9_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhao, Yaolong, Yumin Zhang, and Yuji Murayama. "Field-Based Fuzzy Spatial Reasoning Model for Constraint Satisfaction Problem." In Spatial Analysis and Modeling in Geographical Transformation Process. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0671-2_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Solnon, Christine, and Narendra Jussien. "Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In Ant Colony Optimization and Constraint Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557563.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Chowdhary, K. R. "Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence. Springer India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3972-7_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wahbi, Mohamed. "Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In Algorithms and Ordering Heuristics for Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118753620.ch1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Schröder, Bernd. "Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In Ordered Sets. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29788-0_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Nguyen, Xuan Thang, and Ryszard Kowalczyk. "On Solving Distributed Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Agents." In 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iat.2007.81.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Takaci, Aleksandar, Srdjan Skrbic, and Aleksandar Perovic. "Generalised Prioritised Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problem." In 2009 7th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sisy.2009.5291177.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sudo, Y., and M. Kurihara. "Spread-Repair-Shrink: A Hybrid Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzzy.2006.1681995.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

LI, YONGMING. "THE REPRESENTATION OF SEMIRING-BASED CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION PROBLEMS USING FUZZY FINITE AUTOMATA." In Proceedings of the QL&SC 2012. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401531_0043.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Li, Wen-Li, and Jian Yang. "Automated Negotiation Nased on Prioritised Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Problem." In 2008 Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2008.368.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hermann, Miki, and Florian Richoux. "On the Complexity of Fuzzy Boolean Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Applications to Intelligent Digital Photography." In 2011 Third Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuits, Communications and System (PACCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paccs.2011.5990158.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rouahi, Aouatef, Kais Ben Salah, and Khaled Ghedira. "Belief Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In 2015 IEEE/ACS 12th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2015.7507108.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Löffler, Sven, Ke Liu, and Petra Hofstedt. "Decomposing Constraint Satisfaction Problems by Means of Meta Constraint Satisfaction Optimization Problems." In 11th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007455907550761.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Moullec, Marie-Lise, Marija Jankovic, Marc Bouissou, Jean-Claude Bocquet, and Olivier Maas. "Proposition of Combined Approach for Architecture Generation Integrating Component Placement Optimization." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12557.

Full text
Abstract:
Architecture generation and evaluation are critical points in complex systems design. System architecting starts with the exploration of a set of potential solutions that is progressively focused towards the most promising ones. In theory, these solutions are identified through their potential ability to reach system requirements. However, in early design stages, data supporting design choices are fuzzy and uncertain, making difficult the evaluation a priori of the future system architecture performance. In this paper, we propose a method using Bayesian Networks (BN) and Constraint Satisfactio
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Carvalho, Elsa, Jorge Cruz, and Pedro Barahona. "Probabilistic Continuous Constraint Satisfaction Problems." In 2008 20th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2008.75.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems"

1

Chaudhari, Gunavant. Simulation and emulation of massively parallel processor for solving constraint satisfaction problems based on oracles. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!