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Kress, Dagmar Corine. "Etablierung und Charakterisierung eines Wachstumshormon-transgenen Mausmodells auf Inzuchtbasis (FVB/N)." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-56582.
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Benson, Brenda. "Downhill Treadmill Running Does Not Induce Muscle Damage in FVB Mice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4259.
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Downhill treadmill running is a commonly used method to cause exercise-induced muscle damage, especially in rodents. Previous studies have evaluated which muscles in rats are more prone to damage. However research using downhill run mice (DHR) has shown some inconsistencies in which muscle is best analyzed for damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the damage in various muscles in a mouse after a single bout of DHR. Methods: Male FVB mice (5 months) were injected with Evans Blue dye (EBD) and then either used as control (CON) or run downhill (-16°) at 20 meters per minute (m/min) for 30 minutes. Twenty-four hours after exercise, the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior (TA), quadriceps, and triceps brachii muscles were harvested (n = 6 per group per muscle). Cross-sectional slices were obtained, fixed, and mounted to analyze EBD infiltration, dystrophin (Dys), and centralized nuclei. The samples were then imaged using a fluorescent microscope. The entire sample was captured using 20x magnification, and the total number of cells, EBD+, Dys-, and centralized nuclei, were counted. A blood sample was collected to measure plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Results: Total number of cells was not different between groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in any of the markers of muscle damage was found in any muscle between CON and DHR (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that DHR does not induce muscle damage in adult (5 months) male FVB mice.
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Werthat, Florian. "Postnatale Entwicklung einer Subpopulation GABAerger Interneurone im sensomotorischen Cortex der transgenen Mauslinie FVB-Tg(GadGFP)45704Swn/J." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-143154.
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Santos, Sergio Henrique Sousa. "Avaliação dos distúrbios metabólicos produzidos pela deleção genética do receptor de angiotensina - (1-7), mas, em camundongos FVB/N." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MCSC-78BU5F.
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The metabolic syndrome, also known as insulin resistance syndrome, is characterized by the variable coexistence of obesity, insulin resistance, dislipidemy and hypertension. The angiotensin-(1-7) presents an important contaregulatory role inside Renin Angiotensin System, opposing some times to angiotensina II effects. It has been shown that G protein-coupled receptor, Mas, mediates many actions of angiotensin-(1-7). We have recently observed that Mas-knockout male mice (Mas-/-) in the pure, FVB/N genetic background, presents elevated blood pressure levels and endothelial dysfunction, alterations present in the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether genetic deletion of Mas also changes lipidic and glycemic profile and the mechanisms of these alterations. Ten weeks old Mas-/- and WT mice were used. Curves of plasma glycemia versus time were built after intraperitoneal application of insulin (0.75U/Kg BW) or glucose (2g/Kg BW). After sacrifice, the tissues were weighted and reserved for western blotting and Real-Time PCR. The lipidic profile and the plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin were analyzed using ELISA kits and TGF-â, angiotensinogen and TNF-á mRNA expression was analyzed by Real Time PCR. Despite of having normal body weight (24.7 ± 0.35 vs 24.8± 0.24 g in WT), young Mas-/- mice presented a marked increase in the fat tissue mass (epididimal= 1.704 ± 0.1516 vs 1.150 ± 0.1259 % of BW in WT and retroperitoneal= 0.6747 ± 0.08576 vs 0.3781 ± 0.04575 % of BW in WT). In addition, these animals presented a state of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as an increase in the fasting glycemia levels (86.6 ± 6.43 vs 56.40 ± 4.98 mg/dl in WT). Furthermore, a significant increase in total cholesterol (92.2 ± 3.65 vs 74.6± 5.67 mg/dl in WT) and triglycerides (70.6 ± 13.3 vs 41.4± 4.07 mg/dl in WT) levels were observed. Part of these alterations can be explained by the increase in the leptin plasma levels (1.3 ± 0.25 vs 0.73 ± 0.17 ng/ml in WT) and the decreased Glut4 receptor protein in Mas-/- adipose tissue. The mRNA expression of TGF-â and angiotensinogen was increased in Mas-/- adipose tissue, while the expression of TNF-á, the food intake and adiponectin plasma levels, were not altered. These results show that Mas deficiency in FVB/N mice leads to dramatic changes in glicemic and lipidic metabolism, inducing a metabolic syndrome- like state.A síndrome metabólica, também conhecida como síndrome de resistência à insulina, é caracterizada pela coexistência variável de obesidade, hiperinsulinemia, dislipidemia e hipertensão. A angiotensina-(1-7) apresenta um importante papel contraregulatório dentro do Sistema Renina Angiotensina, se opondo, na maioria das vezes, aos efeitos da angiotensina II. Tem sido demonstrado que o receptor acoplado a proteína G, Mas, medeia várias ações da angiotensina-(1-7). Observamos recentemente que camundongos machos knockout para o receptor Mas (Mas-/-) com background genético FVB/N, apresenta pressão sanguínea elevada e disfunção endotelial, alterações presentes no quadro de síndrome metabólica. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar se a deleção genética do receptor Mas altera o perfil lipídico e glicêmico desses animais e os mecanismos envolvidos nesse processo. Camundongos WT e knockout machos com aproximadamente dez semanas de vida foram utilizados. Curvas de glicemia pelo tempo foram construídas após aplicação intraperitoneal de insulina (0.75U/Kg) ou glicose (2g/Kg). Após o sacrifício os tecidos foram pesados e reservados para western blotting e Real-Time PCR. O perfil lipídico e os níveis plasmáticos de leptina e adiponectina foram avaliados utilizando kits de ELISA e a expressão do mRNA do TGF-â, angiotensinogênio e do TNF-á foram analisados pela técnica de Real-Time PCR. Apesar de apresentar peso corporal igual ao do controle (24.7 ± 0.35 vs 24.8± 0.24 g no WT), os camundongos Mas-/- jovens apresentaram marcante aumento no peso do tecido adiposo (epididimal= 1.704 ± 0.1516 vs 1.150 ± 0.1259 % do PC no WT e retroperitoneal= 0.6747 ± 0.08576 vs 0.3781 ± 0.04575 % do PC no WT). Além disso, esses animais apresentam resistência a insulina e maior intolerância a glicose, bem como um aumento na glicemia de jejum (86.6 ± 6.43 vs 56.40 ± 4.98 mg/dl no WT). Também foram encontrados aumentos significativos nos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol total (92.2 ± 3.65 vs 74.6± 5.67 mg/dl no WT) e triglicérides (70.6 ± 13.3 vs 41.4± 4.07 mg/dl no WT). Parte dessas alterações podem ser explicadas pelo aumento nos níveis séricos de leptina (1.3 ± 0.25 vs 0.73 ± 0.17 ng/ml no WT) e pela diminuição na expressão protéica do receptor Glut-4 no tecido adiposo epididimal dos Mas-/-. A expressão do RNA mensageiro do TGF-â e do angiotensinogênio estão aumentados no tecido adiposo, enquanto a expressão do TNF-á, o consumo de comida e os níveis plasmáticos de adiponectina, não estão alterados. Juntos, esses dados indicam um importante papel do receptor Mas na função cardiovascular e metabólica em camundongos FVB/N e sugerem um quadro de síndrome metabólica nos camundongos knockout Mas.
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Healy, Laura N. "Effect of background strain on the hematologic toxicity ofinhaled benzene in FVB/N-Tg.AC and C57BL/6- Trp 53 +/- knockout mice." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000110-094819.
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Benzene is an industrial solvent and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that induces hematopoietic damage; although, the mechanism by which this damage occurs is uncertain. The hematologic effects of benzene vary widely among different mouse strains, and intermittent exposure of mice to benzene is more highly toxic and carcinogenic than low, constant exposure. The goal of the research described in this dissertation was to investigate the sensitivity of two genetically engineered mouse models of carcinogenesis, Tg.AC and p53 +/- mice, and parental strains FVB/N and C57BL/6 respectively, to hematologic toxicicity resulting from inhaled benzene. Tg.AC mice contain an activated v-Ha-ras oncogene, and the p53 +/- mouse is haplosufficient for the p53 gene. Hypotheses of this work included that benzene ishematotoxic, and that greater genotoxic damage caused by benzene would be evident in the p53 +/- mouse. Another hypothesis was that benzene would induce Tg.AC transgene expression in the spleen. The research was divided into three specific aims. First, genotoxicity resulting from exposure to benzene was determined by micronucleus formation in blood. These studies showed a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent increase in micronuclei following benzene exposure. The p53 +/- mice were not more sensitive to benzene-induced micronuclei than the parental strain (p53 +/+). For the second specific aim, benzene hematotoxicity was assessed and spleen analyses were conducted. Benzene induced a significant cytopenia and reduced spleen weight in all of the strains examined. The C57BL/6 mice were less sensitive to benzene hematotoxicity than the FVB/N strain for all of the hematologic parameters examined. For the third specific aim, expression of theTg.AC transgene mRNA was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of splenic tissue. Evidence of the Tg.AC transgene expression was absent in these tissues. Overall, the findings showed a marked strain-related difference between FVB/N and C57BL/6 mice in the hematotoxicity of benzene. In most parameters investigated, the Tg.AC or p53+/- genetic alterations were not useful adjuncts for investigating the hematotoxic mechanisms of benzene. Investigation of the genetic differences between these two mouse strains may lead to further understanding of the biological determinants of benzene hematotoxicity.
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Li, Liang. "Innervation, distribution and morphology of calcitonin gene related peptide and substanceP immunoreactive axons in the whole-mount atria of FVB mice." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4598.
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Degeneration of nociceptive afferent axons and terminals in the heart is associated with painless sudden cardiac death. However, innervation, distribution and morphological structures of sympathetic cardiac nociceptive afferent axons and terminals have not yet been fully characterized. The aim of the present study is to characterize the density, arrangement, and structural features of differentiated sympathetic afferent axons and terminals in whole-mount FVB mouse atria. FVB mice (3-6 months old) were perfused and the tissues were fixed. The right and left atria were processed with immunohistochemistry. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) are two neuropeptides which have been widely used to label sympathetic nociceptive afferent axons in many tissues. CGRP (rabbit anti-CGRP) and SP (Goat anti-SP) primary antibodies were applied, followed by Alexa Fluor 594 and 660 conjugated secondary antibodies. Whole-mount preparations of right and left atria were examined using a laser scanning confocal microscope. We found that 1) CGRP immunoreactive (IR) axon bundles innervated the right and left atria including the auricle and entrance area of the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, left precaval vein and pulmonary veins. Large axon bundles entered the area from the major veins and bifurcated into smaller axon bundles and single axon fibers to form terminal end-nets and free endings in the epicardium at each region with a similar pattern. In the atrial muscle layer, varicose CGRP-IR axons had close contacts with muscle fibers. In addition, CGRP-IR axons terminated in the intrinsic cardiac ganglia (ICGs) with varicosities surrounding individual ganglionic principle neurons (PNs). In the aortic arch, the CGRP-IR fibers exhibited similar terminal structures to those seen in the atria. 2) SP-IR axons also projected to the right and left atria and aorta.; Similar to CGRP-IR axons, these SP-IR axons also formed end-nets and free endings in these areas. In cardiac ganglia, SP-IR axons formed varicose endings around many individual PNs. However, a salient difference was found: There appeared to be fewer SP-IR axons and terminals than CGRP-IR axons and terminals in the atria. 3) None of the cardiac PNs in ICG were CGRP-IR or SP-IR. 4) Many SP-IR axon terminals around PNs within ICGs and atrial muscles were found to have colocalized expression of CGRP-IR. Collectively, our data for the first time documented the distribution patterns and morphology of sympathetic afferent axons and terminals in each region of the atria in the mouse model. This will provide a foundation for future analysis of the pathological changes of sympathetic afferent nerves in the atria in different disease models (e.g., diabetes, sleep apnea, and aging). This study was supported by NIH R01 HL-79636.ID: 030423285; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-48).
M.S.
Masters
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Medicine
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Nitezki, Tina [Verfasser], and Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleuser. "Charakterisierung von Stereotypien bei der FVB/NJ-Maus hinsichtlich metabolischer und immunologischer Aspekte auf die Stoffwechselleistung / Tina Nitezki ; Betreuer: Burkhard Kleuser." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218402806/34.
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Werthat, Florian [Verfasser], and Benedikt [Akademischer Betreuer] Grothe. "Postnatale Entwicklung einer Subpopulation GABAerger Interneurone im sensomotorischen Cortex der transgenen Mauslinie FVB-Tg(GadGFP)45704Swn/J / Florian Werthat. Betreuer: Benedikt Grothe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022524097/34.
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Silva, Fernanda Gaisler da. "Impacto da obesidade no trofismo cardíaco em camundongos C57BL/6 e FVB/NJ: participação da resposta inflamatória e dos receptores Toll-like." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marcela Sorelli Carneiro RamosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2017.
As doencas cardiovasculares correspondem ao maior risco de morte subita em todo o mundo, a populacao mundial tem se tornado cada vez mais sedentaria e junto as doencas cardiovasculares outros problemas de saude publica aumentam como a obesidade e diabetes mellitus. Os gastos com a saude publica aumentam muito devido a maior incidencia de doencas associadas ao sedentarismo, obesidade, tabagismo, estresse, hipertensao arterial entre outros. Especificamente a obesidade e considerada uma epidemia mundial, que esta associada aos habitos alimentares e sedentarismo, e esta amplamente relacionada ao fator de risco cardiovascular como hipertensao arterial, resistencia insulinica, dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus, que favorecem o processo aterosclerotico e a ocorrencia de eventos cardiovasculares. Ha uma maior prevalencia de hipertensao arterial em individuos obesos e presenca de hipertrofia cardiaca, que e a maior condicao de morbimortalidade cardiovascular. Trata-se de uma doenca cronica relacionada a eventos pro-inflamatorios com acao de diversas citocinas e quimiocinas alem de hormonios envolvidos na resposta imunologica inata. Os receptores Toll-Like fazem parte da Resposta Imunologica Inata e estao presentes em diversos tecidos, incluindo o coracao. Quando ativados desencadeiam uma resposta intracelular, ativando fatores transcricionais, como NF-kB, que leva a transcricao genica de citocinas inflamatorias: IL-6, TNF-¿¿, INF-gama, IL-1. Algumas doencas cardiovasculares sao antecedidas por inflamacoes sistemicas ou locais, demonstrando que as citocinas sao responsaveis por modular o trofismo cardiaco. Diante do exposto, uma analise mais completa envolvendo obesidade e processos inflamatorios com o risco cardiovascular se faz necessaria para a compreensao de moleculas e vias de sinalizacao, reguladas nessa patologia. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a contribuicao dos fatores inflamatorios na hipertrofia cardiaca induzida por modelo experimental de obesidade. Para tanto, foram utilizados camundongos C57Bl/6 e camundongos FVB/NJ submetidos ao tratamento com dieta rica em gordura contendo 23% proteina, 35,5% carboidrato e 35,9% gordura e foram comparados aos grupos chow (controle) submetidos a dieta composta por 19% de proteina, 56% de carboidrato, 3,5% de gordura por 68 dias de tratamento. Os animais C57Bl/6 apresentaram maior ganho de peso em relacao aos FVB/NJ ao final dos 68 dias de dieta High Fat. O aumento de colesterol serico, insulina, glicemia, epiWAT (epididymal white adipose tissue) foi maior nos animais C57Bl/6. As duas linhagens apresentaram Heart Weight/Body Lenght e Heart Weight/Tibia Lenght maior em relacao ao grupo Chow, ou seja, grupo controle. Atraves da tecnica de Q-PCR os niveis de mRNA dos marcadores moleculares de hipertrofia cardiaca foram avaliados, e o marcador alfa-actina mostrou-se aumentado na linhagem C57Bl/6 enquanto o marcador ANF (atrial natriuretic factor) mostrou-se aumentado na linhagem FVB/NJ, quando comparados aos seus respectivos grupos chow. Os genes TLR2, TLR4, TNF-¿¿, IL-6, MyD88 e NF-kB tambem foram avaliados. A expressao genica de TLR2, MyD88 e NF-kB mostrou-se diminuida nos animais FVB/NJ submetidos a dieta rica em gordura quando comparados aos animais controle. Na linhagem C57Bl/6, observou-se aumento na expressao genica de TNF-¿¿ e NF-kB. A inducao da obesidade promoveu maior ganho de peso na linhagem C57Bl/6 acompanhado de maior adiposidade abdominal e no tecido epididimal, essa linhagem apresentou maior sensibilidade a insulina e maiores niveis de colesterol na dieta High Fat em relacao a linhagem FVB/JN. Houve remodelamento cardiaco em ambas linhagens e a expressao genica de citocinas inflamatorias foi mais evidente na linhagem C57Bl/6, tambem apresentando maior expressao genica de NF-kB. A linhagem FVB/NJ apresentou diminuicao na expressao de MyD88 e NF-kB na dieta High Fat. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificamos que os camundongos C57Bl/6 mostraram-se mais suscetiveis a dieta enquanto a linhagem FVB/JN mostrou-se mais resistente.
Cardiovascular diseases correspond to an increased risk of worldwide sudden death, the world population has become increasingly sedentary and with cardiovascular diseases other public health problems increase such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Expenditures on public health increase greatly due to a higher incidence of diseases associated with sedentarism, obesity, smoking, stress, hypertension among others. Obesity specifically is considered a worldwide epidemic, which is associated with eating habits and sedentary lifestyle, and is largely related to cardiovascular risk such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, which favor the atherosclerotic process and occurrence of cardiovascular events. There is a higher prevalence of hypertension in obese and presence of cardiac hypertrophy, which is a higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality condition. It is a chronic disease related to pro-inflammatory events with the action of various cytokines and chemokines in addition to hormones involved in the innate immune response. Toll-like receptors are part of the innate immune response and are present in several tissues including the heart. When activated trigger an intracellular response, activating transcriptional factors such as NF-kB, which leads to the genetic transcription of inflammatory cytokines: IL-6, TNF- á, IFN-gamma, IL-1. Some cardiovascular diseases are antecedents of systemic or local inflammations, demonstrating that cytokines are responsible for modulating cardiac trophism. In summary, a more complete analysis involving obesity and inflammatory processes with cardiovascular risk to understand molecules and signaling pathways regulated in this pathology are needed. The present study aims to evaluate the contribution of inflammatory factors in cardiac hypertrophy induced by the experimental model of obesity. For this, C57Bl/6 mice and FVB/NJ mice submitted to a high fat diet containing 23% protein, 35.5% carbohydrate and 35.9% fat were compared to the Chow (control) groups submitted to a chow diet containing 19% protein, 56% carbohydrate, 3.5% fat for 68 days of treatment. The C57Bl/6 animals presented greater weight gain in relation to FVB/NJ at the end of 68 days of high fat diet. Serum cholesterol, insulin, glycemia, epiWAT (epididymal white adipose tissue) increased in C57B1/6 animals. Both strains presented Heart Weight/Body Lenght and Heart Weight/Tibia Lenght higher than the Chow group. mRNA levels of cardiac hypertrophy molecular markers were evaluated through Q-PCR technique, and the alpha-actin marker was shown to be increased in the C57B1/6 lineage while the ANF (atrial natriuretic factor) marker was shown to be increased in the FVB/NJ lineage, when compared to their respective chow groups. TLR2, TLR4, TNF-á, IL-6, MyD88 and NF-kB genes were also evaluated. Gene expression of TLR2, MyD88 and NF-kB were decreased in FVB / NJ animals submitted to a high fat diet when compared to control animals. There was an increase in the gene expression of TNF-á and NF-kB in C57Bl/6 lineage. The induction of obesity promoted greater weight gain in the C57Bl/6 mice followed by a greater abdominal and epididymal adiposity, this lineage presented higher insulin sensitivity and higher cholesterol levels in the High Fat diet when compared to the FVB/JN lineage. There was cardiac remodeling in both lineages and inflammatory cytokines gene expression were more evident in the C57Bl/6 mice, also presenting a greater gene expression of NF-kB. The FVB/NJ mice showed decreased expression of MyD88 and NF-kB on the High Fat diet. Based on the results, we found that the C57Bl/6 mice were more susceptible to the High Fat diet than the FVB/JN strain.
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Healy, Laura Nan. "Effect of background strain on the hematologic toxicity of inhaled benzene in FVB/N-Tg. AC and C57BL/6- Trp 53 +/- knockout mice." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-16489100100190/etd.pdf.
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Eriksson, Åsa. "Ny teknik för småskalig kraftvärme : - med fokus på Organisk RankineCykel (ORC)." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6316.
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As a part of the fight against the global warming the energy production needs to be more efficient and redirected towards sustainable options. One alternative is cogeneration, which means that electricity and heat is produced in one plant. The purpose with this survey is to examine if there are any commercial available combined heat and power techniques, based on combustion of solid moist biomass, which are suitable to small-scale applications. The technique must be able to produce between 2 and 10 MW thermal and the heat demand is a Swedish district-heating system. When already published reports had been studied, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) was chosen as the most suitable technique. The possibility of using the ORC to generate electricity from the district-heating return flow was considered simultaneously. The chosen ORC-technique was then evaluated in Excel. The first aspect to be examined was how the performance of a combined heat and power plant was affected by variations in the supply line temperature. It showed that the performance reaches top levels when the temperature is low. The second part contains an optimisation, in a techno-economical perspective, of the ratio between cogeneration and separate heat production for district-heating systems with heat demands below 50 GWh/year. The most profitable combined heat and power plant generates 45 % of the installed power in a 50 GWh system. The profit is, however, too low to justify any construction plans. The conclusion was that there are no economical reasons to choose combined heat and power based on an organic rankine cycle in Sweden today.
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Erneby, Robin. "KORTSIKTIG PRODUKTIONSPLANERING I MINDRE FJÄRRVÄRMESYSTEM : En studie vid Strängnäs Energi AB." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15436.
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District heating covers around 80 % of the heating demand in apartment buildings and 10 % in single-family homes in Sweden. In the year 2010 the total input of energy to the Swedish district heating grids was about 70 TWh, which corresponds to 11 % of the total energy input to the whole energy system in the country. Through the combined production of heat and power the CHP-plants often reaches an efficiency of 90 % from energy in the fuel to produced heat and power. In order to keep the efficiency high it is important for the owners of the plant to have good knowledge about the plants performance at different operation points. Strängnäs Energi AB initiated this diploma work together with FVB Sverige ab in order to come up with a program for short term planning of the production of heat and power at the company´s CHP-plant. The work consists of three main parts. The first part is an introduction to district heating and optimization of such systems and it also handles a short explanation of the district heating system in Strängnäs. The second part covers the performance tests that have been done at Strängnäs Energi AB´s CHP-plant. The performance tests were carried out in order to investigate how the plant is operating. The results from the tests show that the efficiency of the plant is very poor. This has its explanation in the losses in forms of combustible content in the bottom ash, which in some cases reaches over 4 %. The problems with the combustion have been known for a while at Strängnäs Energi AB, but they did not have any calculated value of the efficiency. The company is working hard in order to come up with good solutions for the combustion and therefore this is not included in the diploma work. Instead the third part of the diploma work is focused on developing of a model for short term production planning. The model was made in MS Excel and it consists of a number of power and mass balances over one day. The key to the calculations in the model is the calculation of the alfa-value. The alfa-value together with the power in the hot water condenser gives an iterative calculation. The hot water accumulator is then either charged or discharged depending on current electrical price, demand of district heating and the level in the accumulator. The results from the simulations done with the model shows that it is possible for Strängnäs Energi AB to earn between 0 – 20 000 SEK during one day if they operate their plant as suggested in the model.
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Chang-Wai-Ling, Nolanne Arlette. "Towards the development of vascularized constructs for bone repair." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3b40e823-007b-47a5-88a1-e63ae06f2d4d.
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The development of a vasculature within a tissue-engineered construct is one of the largest hurdles to successful bone regeneration. This thesis investigates methods to increase vasculature of such transplanted constructs, based on in vivo transplant studies and in vitro analysis of cell behaviors. A syngeneic mouse model in immunocompetent mice was developed and analyzed for both osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. This study demonstrates that syngeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are not rejected by the host, provided the strain of mice is sufficiently inbred. Additionally, an effective protocol was developed for the isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from the bone marrow of mice. Two different sets of materials for this study were analyzed, both collagen based, and the GelfoamTM scaffold was found to possess advantages over synthesized collagen or collagen/hydroxyapatite composites, although only for mouse and not human bone transplantation. In order to gain rapid and integrated vasculature formation within the transplant, attempts were made to increase both (de novo) vasculogenesis and angiogenesis (ingrowth) from the surrounding tissue. For the former, transplant studies were combined with in vitro osteogenic calcification studies. Direct co-culture of the BMSCs and ECs increased osteogenic calcification and was monitored by using both alizarin red S quantification and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Angiogenesis (as assessed by cell migration) was studied by various motility and chemotaxis assays in vitro, as well as through use of a directed in vivo angiogenesis assay. Growth factors, particularly TGF-β1 and BMP-4, were found to increase cell movement in these systems. In conclusion, we show that although much work remains to be done in order to increase the vasculature in bone transplants, systematic combination of in vivo and in vitro assays can elucidate the nature behind this crucial process in this context.
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Pereira, Maria Elisa. "Você sabe de onde eu venho? O Brasil dos cantos de guerra (1942-1945)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-02022010-135105/.
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Este trabalho analisa, mais do que os cantos de guerra do Brasil durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o Brasil dos cantos de guerra. Trabalha com as peças criadas pelos combatentes da FEB e da FAB na Itália, com as músicas difundidas pelos músicos militares e pelas transmissões de rádio feitas pela FEB naquele país, e com os hinos que estimularam as ações patrióticas dos brasileiros em território nacional. Também se utiliza de discos comerciais, lançados nos anos em que o país participou efetivamente do conflito (1942-1945), que revelam a matéria brasileira naquela situação de rearranjo internacional. Todas essas canções passaram pelo crivo da teoria crítica brasileira, encontrando na paródia a ferramenta mais comum à época para a estruturação social na música.This work analyses, over and beyond the Brazilian war songs during the Second World War, the Brazil (itself) in the war songs. It uses the plays created by the FEB and FAB combatants in Italy, the music revealed by the military musicians and by radio transmissions of FEB as well as the hymns that stimulated the patriotic actions of Brazilians throughout the country. Also, commercial records, launched during the years that the country effectively participated in the conflict (1942-1945), illustrating the Brazilian viewpoint during this particular situation of international rearrangement. All these songs have passed through the sieve of Brazilian Critical Theorry, finding in the parody the most common tool at the time for show the social structures in music.
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Kroutil, Roman. "Komplexní provozní diagnostika FVE-T14 - opatření pro optimalizaci provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242083.
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The aim of the Thesis is theoretical clarification of the issues of photovoltaic power plants, their diagnostics, inspection and performance measurement, including negative impacts on their operation and subsequent application of theoretical knowledge during practical inspection and diagnostics of PV power plants. In its introductory part, the Thesis deals with design, manufacturing and development of PV cells and panels and describes other necessary elements and components, including their use in individual types of photovoltaic systems. Another part describes electric parameters of PV cells and panels, especially the parameters that can be found out by measurement of V-A characteristics and also the parameters affecting the shape of the V-A characteristics. The third part is focused on failures of photovoltaic systems, which include various defects of photovoltaic cells and panels, it also provides for adverse factors affecting operation of the entire system, associated not only with weather influences but also with the actual design of the photovoltaic system. The fourth part deals with possibilities of increasing the cost-effectiveness of electricity generation by PV power plants on the basis of practical experience of their operators. The subsequent part determines, on the basis of technical standards, procedures for PV power plant inspections, the procedures for measurement and diagnostics of PV power plants and also other prerequisites connected with inspections and measurements. This part includes also a description of requirements for measuring devices, most frequent measurement errors, adverse impacts affecting measurements and methods of assessment of the data measured. The last part of the Thesis is practical. At first it deals with verification of the impact of defects of PV modules on the shape of their V-A characteristics, then with execution of inspections and diagnostics of a particular PV power plant, evaluation of the data identified and measured, as well as with a proposal of optimisation measures to increase cost-efficiency of the operation of that particular PV power plant.
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Siadat, Medya. "FVA: Funding Value Adjustment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296342.
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Hogolof, Suado. "Jämförelse mellan sittande och stående position vid dynamisk spirometri." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92998.
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Introduktion: Spirometri är en metod som utförs för att utesluta eller bekräfta en lungsjukdom. Dynamisk spirometri innebär mätning av lungvolymsförändringar över tid och omfattar både långsam och forcerad spirometri. Vid långsam spirometri mäts vitalkapacitet (VK). Vid forcerad spirometri mäts forcerad exspiratorisk volym på en sekund (FEV1), forcerad vitalkapacitet (FVK) och FEV%. Spirometri utförs i sittande position men den kan också utföras i stående position. Syftet med studien var att jämföra och se om det föreligger en signifikant skillnad för VK, FVK, FEV1 och FEV% vid dynamisk spirometri mellan sittande och stående position hos studenter utan känd lungsjukdom. Material och Metod: Studien bestod av 21 frivilliga studenter med åldrarna 21-32 år, där 18 var kvinnor och tre män. Datainsamlingen utfördes vid Örebro universitet och variablerna som mättes vid undersökningen var: VK, FVK, FEV1 och FEV%. Mätningarna upprepades minst tre gånger i både sittande och stående position och de fick inte skilja sig åt mer än 150 ml. Ett parat t- test användes för att se om det förelåg en statistisk signifikant skillnad i mätvärdena mellan sittande och stående position. Resultat: Det parade t-testet visade att det inte föreligger någon statistiskt signifikant skillnad i variablerna VK (p = 0,19), FVK (p = 0,87), FEV1 (p = 0,37) och FEV% (p = 0,26) mellan sittande och stående position. Slutsats: Det föreligger ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad för dynamisk spirometri mellan sittande och stående position. För att få en uppfattning om hur kroppsposition påverkar spirometri behövs en större population.Introduction: Spirometry is a method performed to rule out or confirm a lung disease. Dynamic spirometry involves measuring lung volume changes over time. The dynamic spirometry includes slow and forced spirometry. With slow spirometry, vital capacity (VC) is measured. In forced spirometry, forced exspiratory volume of one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV% are measured. Spirometry is performed in a sitting position but can also be performed in a standing position. The aim of the study was to compare whether there is a significant difference for VC, FVC, FEV1 and FEV% in dynamic spirometry between sitting and standing position in students without known lung disease. Method and Materials: The study consisted of 21 volunteer students aged 21-32, of whom 18 were women and three men. The data collection was performed at Örebro University and the variables that were taken into account when performing it were: VC, FVC, FEV1 and FEV%. The maneuvers were repeated at least three times in both sitting and standing positions and they did not differ more than 150ml. A paired t-test was performed to see if there is a statistically significant difference in the measured values between sitting and standing position. Result: The paired t-test showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the variables VC (p = 0.19), FVC (p = 0.87), FEV1 (p = 0.37) and FEV% (p = 0, 26) between sitting and standing position. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference for dynamic spirometry between sitting and standing position. To get an idea of how body position affects spirometry, a larger population is needed.
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Roco, Ramírez Ángelo. "FMB : Fábrica de música Brasil." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111607.
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Memoria (arquitecto)No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
Si bien en Chile existe un gran número de conciertos masivos que ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, éstos se limitan principalmente a la oferta internacional. La música chilena, está en un segundo plano, y la música independiente se encuentra aún más relegada, no tiene grandes opciones y es desconocida para muchos. Los espacios para presentaciones en vivo en Chile no han sido plenamente diseñados para ello. (*) Existe una gran carencia numérica de espacios de presentación, siendo para gran parte de las bandas difícil encontrar lugares para presentaciones en vivo. Frente a los diversos problemas existentes, podemos afirmar que éstos apuntan principalmente a la valoración de la música de forma transversal en la sociedad, atribuyéndolo en gran parte a la escasa presencia de actividades musicales insertas en forma cotidiana y permanente en el diario vivir. Por esta razón es que organismos especializados como el Consejo de la Cultura y las Artes, han reconocido que en el área de la difusión y los espectáculos en vivo existen las mayores falencias. Por esto, han propuesto centrar los esfuerzos en completar la creación musical hasta el punto final, la DIFUSIÓN y no sólo incentivar el aprendizaje y ensayo como se ha hecho hasta ahora. Para cambiar la situación actual, se propone insertar puntos de acción local en la ciudad. Esta misma idea es respaldada por la Ley de Fomento a la Música Nacional, en la que ahondaremos más adelante. De esta manera, se crean focos especializados y dedicados a la difusión, que completan la cadena productiva fonográfica. Es por ello que el proyecto busca: - Fomentar la difusión de la música local, para de esta forma completar la cadena de producción y elaboración de los productos fonográficos. - Propiciar instancias públicas y comunitarias en torno a la música.
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Novák, Josef. "Finanční analýza společnosti FAB, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241.
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Teoretická část práce vysvětluje podstatu finanční analýzy a její metody, obsahem praktické části je pak finanční analýza společnosti FAB, a.s. Práce obsahuje např. poměrové ukazatele, ekonomickou přidanou hodnotu a modely pro posouzení finančního zdraví.
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Corrêa, Lucas Eduardo. "Investigação de supercondutividade em boreto do sistema Ta-Zr-B." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97135/tde-03122018-184821/.
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Em trabalhos anteriores realizados em síntese e caracterização cristalográfica, a existência de uma nova fase de estequiometria Ta1-xHfxB (com x variando no intervalo entre 0,05 e 0,4) que cristaliza no protótipo FeB foi descoberta. Este ternário cristaliza num protótipo diferente do protótipo CrB aceito no binário TaB. Na verdade, essa substituição é capaz de gerar uma mudança significativa na estrutura cristalina de TaB, a qual sofre uma distorção e modifica o protótipo CrB para FeB. Além desta mudança estrutural os compostos de composição global Ta1-xHfxB apresentam supercondutividade com temperatura crítica supercondutora acima do binário TaB (Tc ~ 4,0 K). Foi observado que a supercondutividade otimizada na composição Ta0,7Hf0,3B com Tc ~ 6,7 K na qual medidas de calor específico revelam forte assinatura de manifestação multibanda neste novo composto. Motivados por esta descoberta, neste trabalho são investigadas a possiblidade desta transformação estrutural bem como o seu impacto nas propriedades supercondutoras em ligas de composição global Ta1-xZrxB, devido à similaridade eletrônica entre Zr e Hf na tabela periódica. De fato, resultados publicados a respeito da transformação cristalográfica com a substituição de Ta por Zr revelam o mesmo comportamento observado nas ligas produzidas com Hf e este trabalho revela que os compostos Ta1-xZrxB também são supercondutores. A composição com a maior temperatura crítica é Ta0,8Zr0,2Be tem uma temperatura de transição aproximadamente 7,8 K. Entretanto, esse composto tem evidencia de um supercondutor não convencional. Assim, este trabalho revela a existência de supercondutividade não convencional em ligas do sistema ternário Ta-Zr-B revelados por medidas de resistividade, magnetização e caracterização estrutural e microestrutural.In previous works carried out in synthesis and crystallographic characterization, the existence of a new Ta1-xHfxB stoichiometry phase (with x varying in the interval between 0.05 and 0.4) that crystallizes in the FeB prototype was discovered. This ternary crystallizes in a prototype different from the prototype CrB accepted in the TaB binary. In fact, this substitution is capable of generating a significant change in the crystalline structure of TaB, which undergoes distortion and modifies the CrB prototype for FeB. In addition to this structural change, the compounds of global composition Ta1-xHfxB present superconductivity with critical superconducting temperature above the TaB Tc ~ 4.0 K. It was observed that the superconductivity optimizes at Ta0,7Hf0,3B composition with Tc ~ 6.7 K in which specific heat measurements reveal a strong multiband manifestation signature in this new compound. Based on this finding, this work investigates the possibility of this structural transformation as well as its impact on the superconducting properties of alloys of global composition Ta1-xZrxB, due to the electronic similarity between Zr and Hf in the periodic table. In fact, published results on crystallographic transformation with the substitution of Ta by Zr reveal the same behavior observed in the alloys produced with Hf and this work reveals that the Ta1-xZrxB compounds are also superconducting. The composition with the highest critical temperature is Ta0,8Zr0,2Band has a transition temperature of about 7.8K. However, this compound has evidence of an unconventional superconductor. Thus, this work reveals the existence of unconventional superconductivity in alloys of the Ta-Zr-B ternary system revealed by resistivity, magnetization and structural and microstructural characterization measurements.
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Ostřížek, Petr. "Elektrotransportní vlastnosti nanostruktur připravených metodou FIB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229474.
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The aim of this work is fabrication of nanostructures and measurement of their electrotransport properties. There are two different methods used for fabrication - electron beam lithography with sputtering of thin films and focused ion beam with deposition from gas phase. I-V characteristic was measured for characterisation of as prepared nanostructures - wires. Material of wires prepared by using of electron beam lithography was permalloy - an alloy of iron and nickel. Second types of wires prepared by using of chemical vapor deposition induced by focused ion beam was platinum based.
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Yu, Wenhao. "Home Craft Pre-Fab Customize Units." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460731680.
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Li, H. L. W. "Studies of Fv1 binding and restriction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468721/.
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Host restriction factors such as Fv1 in mice and Trim5α in primates block retroviral infection through their interaction with capsids. One major form of Fv1, encoded by the Fv1b allele, restricts only N-tropic MLV (N-MLV) when expressed at the lower endogenous level, but also restricts B-tropic MLV (B-MLV) and NB-tropic MLV (NB-MLV) at the higher levels seen in cells transduced with Fv1 b-expressing retroviral vector. However, a previous pull- down study detected almost equal binding of Fv1b to all three MLV capsids. In this study, the relationships between Fv1 binding, restriction and expression level were studied in detail. To study the restriction specificity of Fv1 b at different expression levels, new Tet-On vectors were developed to allow doxycycline-inducible expression of Fv1. These vectors allowed restriction studies from a very low Fv1 b level where no restriction could be observed, to a high level where inhibitions of B-MLV and NB-MLV are also observed. Similar phenomenon is also observed in other Fv1 mutants. By contrast, Fv1 n, even when over-expressed, restricted only B-MLV but not NB-MLV or N-MLV. The binding of Fv1b to different capsids at different Fv1 concentration were compared using a new pull-down assay performed on microtitre plates. Fv1b appears to bind to all MLV capsids at the lowest concentration of Fv1 where binding could be detected. The study was extended to include other Fv1 mutants, and as expected binding could be detected for all restrictive Fv1-MLV pairs. Interestingly, a few outliers including Fv1b vs B-MLV demonstrated strong binding but either weak or low restriction, suggesting there may be other factors causing the lack of restriction. Together, these data suggest that although Fv1b have very similar apparent binding affinities to different MLV capsids, different amount of Fv1b are required for the restriction of N-, B- and NB-MLV.
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Špinar, Marek. "Ověření provozní výkonnosti a optimalizace FVE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241950.
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The Master´s thesis deals with issues of operational performance of two photovoltaic power plants. In the thesis is stated the history of photovoltaics, description of photovoltaic effect, used materials and production technology of the most used material in PV industry – Silicon. The basic parts and parameters of photovoltaic power plant are described. Thesis also solves, how could be done the first and periodically control due to relevant directives. The ways of diagnostics potentional failures, methods of measuring and the exam of monitoring system are stated. Practice part is focused on measuring and comparing operational performance of FVE Kurdějov and FVE Šakvice II. Operational performance was calculated from exported data for years 2014 and 2015. The thesis also contains measuring of each string connected to inventors, which are installed on the power plant. The result is an identification of strings with decreased operational performance. Based on that was created recommendations for optimalization and increase of the performance. The last part is software for simulation of photovoltaic power plant. This SW calculates potentional energy, which could be produced in a day with available data export. The calculation is defined by parameters, which are assigned.
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Santos, Francielle Martins. "Construção de uma Biblioteca de Anticorpos Anti-ZIKA Vírus." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181094.
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Orientador: Flávia Hebeler Barbosa TrovãoResumo: Bibliotecas conformacionais de anticorpos vem constituindo importantes ferramentas na investigação científica de imunoglobulinas expressas em diferentes situações biológicas incluindo patologias. O conhecimento e elucidação estrutural de anticorpos diferenciais produzidos em patologias distintas pode representar ferramenta molecular fundamental para a intervenção na fisiopatologia da doença; incluindo diagnóstico diferencial, identificação de biomarcadores, terapêutica baseada em imunoglobulinas para bloqueio de patógenos bem como, contribuir para a constituição de painéis de anticorpos capazes de identificar epítopos agregando, também, informações para avanços no desenvolvimento de vacinas. A maior dificuldade atualmente reportada na literatura científica é a obtenção in vitro dos fragmentos Fab (Fragment Antigen Binding) devido à ausência de informações metodológicas das fases experimentais necessárias à construção do Fab, substrato essencial a construção de bibliotecas de anticorpos. Uma abordagem ainda inédita neste contexto é o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia experimental eficiente para a obtenção de bibliotecas de Fab na infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV). A infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV) vem sendo associada à casos de microcefalia em neonatos de gestantes infectadas e síndrome de Guillain-Barré, a neutralização viral baseada em anticorpos dirigidos contra epítopos específicos é pouco conhecida, a maioria dos estudos se referem a outros Flavivirus. A resposta imunológi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Conformational libraries of antibodies have become important tools for the scientific investigation of immunoglobulins expressed under different biological situations, including pathological conditions. The knowledge and structural elucidation of differential antibodies produced during distinct pathological conditions may be fundamental for intervention in the pathophysiology of diseases, including differential diagnosis, biomarker identification, immunoglobulin-based therapy for pathogen blocking, and constitution of antibody panels for identifying epitopes for vaccine advancement. Currently, the greatest difficulty reported in the scientific literature is the lack of methodological information for the experimental phases necessary for in vitro construction of Fab (Antigen Binding Fragment), an essential substrate for antibody library construction. In this context, an efficient experimental methodology for obtaining Fab libraries in ZIKA (ZIKV) virus infection is as yet unreported. ZIKV infection has been associated with cases of microcephaly in neonates of infected pregnant women and those with Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, viral neutralization based on antibodies directed against specific epitopes is not well understood, therefore, most studies have been carried out on other Flaviviruses. The humoral immune response is essential for protection against Flaviviruses; hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms of the host immune system against this virus. Thus, t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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FISCHMANN, THIERRY. "Etude de la structure tridimensionnelle du site de liaison d'un anticorps monoclonal sous trois formes cristallines differentes : dans un complexe fab eucaryote-antigene, dans un complexe fv bacterien-antigene, dans le meme fragment fv sous forme libre." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077033.
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Les coordonnees atomiques du complexe entre le fab de l'anticorps monoclonal igg1() d1. 3 et son antigene specifique, le lysozyme de blanc d'uf de poule (hel), obtenues par cristallographie des rayons x, ont ete affinees a 2,5 a de resolution. Ce travail a permis d'ameliorer la precision de ce modele 'environ 0,4 a). Les principales caracteristiques de la liaison antigene-anticorps observees sont: forte complementarite des surfaces en contact (aire de contact de l'ordre de 650 a#2); l'epitope est forme de deux segments polypeptidiques distincts et eloignes dans la sequence du lysozyme; tous les cdr, mais pas le fr, font des contacts directs avec hel, du type van der waals ou liaison hydrogene; l'antigene ne change pas de conformation lors de la formation du complexe fab d1. 3-hel. Ce travail a mis en evidence la complexite des interactions antigene-anticorps, donnant les bases moleculaires de la specificite des fonctions immunitaires, et il a fourni une interpretation pour la facilite avec laquelle de nombreux antigenes peuvent echapper a la reponse humorale par mutation d'un petit nombre de residus a leur surface. Il a aussi permis pour la premiere fois une etude preliminaire de l'influence des molecules d'eau dans la liaison antigene-anticorps. L'existence d'espaces libres occupes par ces molecules d'eau, mais ou pourrait venir se placer la chaine laterale d'un residu d'un antigene heterologue, fournit une interpretation de l'existence de reactions croisees entre des anticorps monoclonaux et des antigenes heterologues. L'affinement du fab d1. 3-+hel a ete egalement une etape importante dans la determination des structures tridimensionnelles du fv d1. 3 bacterien et du fv d1. 3-hel. La comparaison des modeles des complexes fab d1. 3-hel et fv d1. 3-hel, et du fv d1. 3 montre: 1) les structures secondaires, tertiaires, quaternaires, et les conformations individuelles des residus dans le fv d1. 3 d'une part, et dans l'ensemble des domaines variables du fab d1. 3, d'autre part, sont tres proches; 2) fv d1. 3 et fab d1. 3 se lient au lysozyme de facon comparable, par un reseau d'interactions semblables, confirmant l'observation que ces deux fragments ont des specificites identiques, et justifiant l'emploi du fragment fv pour des reactions avec des antigenes specifiques, comme par exemple dans certaines applications therapeutiques; 3) le seul changement de conformation observe dans le fv d1. 3 lors de la liaison de celui-ci a l'antigene, est une faible difference dans la juxtaposition des domaines, de l'ordre des differences observees entre les structure de divers fab
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Moseley, Richard William. "Focused ion beam fabricated non-equilibrium superconducting devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/183624.
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The developments over the last decade in Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instrument technology have reached a point where there is sufficient control of an ion beam to make cuts, trenches, and other shapes in a sample on a scale of tens of nanometers. This work concentrates on the use of an FIB instrument for making superconducting devices. It is shown for the first time that planar-bridge (Nb/Cu/Nb) Superconductor/Normalmetal/Superconductor (SNS) junctions can be reliably fabricated using a standard FIB instrument. This is demonstrated by the responses of junctions to microwaves and magnetic fields; the junctions display the appropriate Josephson behaviour demanded by current technological applications. In addition, the reproducibility in junction behaviour (the variation of critical current is approximately 10%) is the best so far observed for this type of junction. The SNS junction fabrication method has been successfully extended for making high-density SNS junction arrays, dc-SQUIDs, and related devices. A simple model is devised to explain the normal-state resistance and critical current of a junction. The model is based on the geometry of a junction as defined by the FIB instrument and the film deposition. The model is mostly successful in qualitatively explaining many of the geometrical factors that affect the electrical properties of the junction. Nb/Cu/Nb junction series arrays, made using an FIB instrument, are also successfully fabricated. The yield of the junctions forming small arrays is found to be similar to the yield of single junctions. For the series arrays studied here, new observations have been made: the electrical properties of an array have been found to be dependent on the spacing of the junctions and the number of junctions in the array. This work also investigates the thermal properties of SNS and micron-scale superconductor/insulator/normal-metal junction based devices for use in bolometer device based applications. It is shown that self-heating raises the temperature of the junctions significantly above their operating temperatures. For a device sitting on a low thermally conductive membrane, it is found that the effects of heating, or cooling, in the junctions are exaggerated.
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Gluschke, Manuela [Verfasser]. "Klonierung und Charakterisierung von antiidiotypischen IgG-Fab gegen ein thrombozytenbindendes IgG-Fab eines Patienten mit AITP / Manuela Gluschke." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1022459724/34.
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Kanje, Sara. "Development of a Fab binding protein domain." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52659.
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Connally, Jason Walker. "Introducing pull methodologies in a semiconductor fab." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34834.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86).
Semiconductor manufacturing is a highly complex and re-entrant process. In a fabrication facility, hundreds of decisions are made during a production shift regarding how shared tool capacity will be prioritized. These decisions contribute to how balanced or unbalanced the manufacturing line will be. Characteristics of an unbalanced line are large WIP bubbles, long queue times, and expediting. A balanced line has less WIP bubbles, shorter queues, and WIP is positioned at all points throughout the line to be in position to meet the demand forecasted. This thesis focuses on work performed at Intel's Fab 23 to improve the process for assigning production priorities through the introduction of pull methodologies. Existing processes and tools were studied, and an improved methodology and decision-support tool was developed to aid operations managers in driving towards a balanced line. An experiment was also designed and executed in production to test the methods and tools developed. Target cycle time data was used along with throughput goals to construct a target inventory profile throughout the line. Actual inventory was then compared to the ideal "balanced" profile to determine where WIP deficits and surpluses existed.
(cont.) Using this information, the operations managers had objective metrics that could be used in determining which operations should receive priority. Significant externalities inhibited performance during the experiment, preventing measurable improvements in line balance and cycle time from being realized. However, these externalities were known prior to experimentation, and a decision was made to learn from the experiment.The tool proved helpful in promoting consistency across shifts in how the factory was run. There were many anecdotal examples of the decision-support tool driving more intelligent priority decisions than operations managers would have made without the tool.
by Jason Walker Connally.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Jankauskas, Vilius. "Does the Incoterms 2010 FOB and DDP guarantee the rights for the buyer in case of violation the delivery clause in the contract?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2015~D_20141230_143155-98225.
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ICC – International Chamber of commerce in 1936 first time introduced Incoterms clause. The Incoterms in the most simply way that may be defined as delivery terms. It represents seller’s and buyer’s (manufacturer and customer) relationship in the sales of good contract regarding the goods delivery clause. There were more than one revision of Incoterms until the latest 2010 versions has been released. Incoterms 2010 separated delivery terms into two different transportation ways – sea and inland waterway (4 rules) and any mode of transport (7 rules). These rules mostly are combined with the contract of sales of goods and define the way how the goods will be delivered for the buyer. The most important thing that Incoterms represent is the liability separation between the seller and the buyer. It became clear what obligations and duties the contracting parties has. These rules led to have easier communication between the seller and the buyer when the delivery clause was negotiated.
Today the Incoterrms 2010 suggest 11 delivery terms, where the parties may choose the most suitable term for them. All terms are divided into 4 groups and each of them has its own features. In this paper are discussed 2 of it: F group and D group. F and D groups consist from 3 terms each. In the work is analyzed FOB and DDP terms. First of it are suitable for the water and inland transport and second one for any mode of transport.
In this paper is analyzed the seller’s responsibility when he agrees... [to full text]1936 m. ICC – Tarptautiniai komercijos rūmai (angl. International Chamber of Commerce) pirmą kartą pristatė Incoterms sąlygas. Incoterms sąlygas galima apibūdinti kaip prekių pristatymo sąlygas. Incoterms apibūdina pardavėjo ir pirkėjo (gamintojo ir kliento) pareigas pristatant prekes kai yra pasirašyta pirkimo – pardavimo sutartis. Incoterms buvo ne kartą tobulintos iki buvo išleista paskutinė – 2010 m. versija. Incoterms 2010 išskiria du prekių pristatymo būdus: vienas jų, kai prekės gabenamos jūromis ar vidaus vandens keliais (4 taisyklės), antras – terminai tinkamai bet kuriai transport rūšiai (7 taisyklės). Šios taisyklės yar naudojamos kartu su pirkimo – pardavimo sutartimis, kur nusako, kaip prekės bus pristatytos pirkėjui. Labai svarbu paminėti tai, kad Incoterms taisyklės leidžia atskirti pardavėjo ir pirkėjo atsakomybę gabenant krovinius. Taisyklės apibūdina, už ką yra atsakinga kiekviena šalis. Šios taisyklės leido supaprastinti tarptautinę prekybą ir santykius tarp pardavėjo ir pirkėjo. Šiandien Incoterms pateikia 11 prekių pristatymo taisyklių, kurias šalys gali laisvai rinktis pagal savo poreikius ir galimybes. Visos taisyklės, pagal jų bruožus yra suskirstytos į 4 grupes. Šiame darbe yra aptariamos F ir D grupės, kurias sudaro po 3 terminus. Darbo metu yra analizuojamos FOB ir DDP taisyklės. FOB terminas taikomas kai prekės yra gabenamos vandens transportu, o DDP – bet kuria transporto rūšimi. Darbe aiškinama, kokią atsakomybę įgija pardavėjas, kai prekių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Costa, Marcos Antonio Tavares da. "A Força Expedicionária Brasileira: memórias de um conflito." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4984.
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Em 16 de julho de 1944, desembarcaram na Itália, os primeiros cinco mil homens da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) que participariam nos combates contra o poderoso Exército Alemão, em um terreno desconhecido e com um treinamento e equipamento inferiores aos de outras tropas. Muitas foram as dificuldades dos expedicionários ao longo das jornadas de adaptação ao ambiente de guerra, onde a morte era vista a todo o momento nos campos de batalha e nos lares dos italianos. No Brasil a expectativas não foram além de uma participação curiosa de um Exército que ainda padecia de uma melhor organização e modernização, para as famílias, no entanto, a Guerra era um pesadelo cruel, com a possibilidade da perda de pessoas queridas. Após quase 11 meses de uma participação que poderia ser desastrosa, os homens da FEB terminaram vitoriosos ao contribuírem para a derrota dos alemães e pela libertação da Itália. A compreensão da história da FEB passa por compreender como eram os homens que a formaram e que começaram sua epopéia pelo menos 01 ano antes do embarque. Este trabalho estudará não somente aquela Guerra e nem somente a FEB, mas principalmente esses homens.
In 16 of July of 1944, they had disembarked in Italy, first the five a thousand men of Force Brazilian Expedicionária (FEB) that they would participate in the combats against the powerful German Army, in an unknown land and with an inferior training and equipment to the ones of other troops. Many had been the difficulties of the members of an expedition throughout the days of adaptation to the war environment, where the death was seen all the moment in the battlefields and the homes of the Italians. In Brazil the expectations had not been beyond a curious participation of an Army that still suffered of one better organization and modernization, for the families, however, the War were a cruel nightmare, with the possibility of the loss of dear people. After almost 11 months of a participation that could be disastrous, the men of the FEB had finished victorious people when contributing for the defeat of the Germans and for the release of Italy. The understanding of the history of the FEB passes for understanding as they were the men had formed who it and that they had started its epic at least 01 year before the embarkment. This work will not only study that War and nor only the FEB, but mainly these men.
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Fruehstorfer, David Brian. "Predicting Health-related Outcomes with the Formal Characteristics of Behavior – Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI): Exploring Interactions of FCB-TI Traits." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1278557105.
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Zeman, Daniel. "Návrh technického provedení FVE včetně systému řízení pro komerční objekt v souladu s platnými pravidly pro program ÚSPORY ENERGIE - FVE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377121.
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Main purpose of the thesis is to create proposal of the photovoltaic hybrid system for commercial building in accordance with applicable rules for energy savings program. The introductory part of the thesis describes the rules regarding the photovoltaic system parts. The next part of the thesis describes the available technical solution for realization of the photovoltaic system design and the possibilities of electric energy accumulation in these systems and how to deal with power overflows using the power flow controller and what is the negative impacts on the distribution network when switching the connected load. In the next part the design of the PV system is carried out according to the valid assumptions described in the theoretical part of the thesis. Verification of power flow controller and measurement results in UEEN laboratories. The last part of the thesis is an evaluation of the economic part of the proposed system.
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Fuller, Matthew. "Transformer les capacités d'innovation : l'impact et l'influence des Fab Labs d'entreprise au sein de grands groupes Resetting innovation capabilities: the emergence of corporate fab labs Making nothing or something: corporate Fab Labs seen through their objects as they cross organizational boundarie Fitting squares into round holes: Enabling innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship through corporate Fab Labs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED045.
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Inspirés par un modèle établi par une initiative sociale du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) en 2001, des salariés de plusieurs grandes groupes ont établi des Fab Labs d'entreprise avec l'intention de transformer les capacités d'innovation de leur entreprise.Cette thèse examine l'univers des Fab Labs entreprise, s'appuyant sur des données empiriques récoltées dans des dizaines de labs, avec des activités de recherche principales ayant lieu entre 2014 et 2017 dans les laboratoires de quatre grands groupes mondiaux. L'objectif de cette recherche est de 1) identifier si les Fab Labs d'entreprise influencent les capacités d'innovation d'une organisation, 2) articuler et affiner la représentation managériale utilisée pour justifier la création d'un tel lieu, ainsi que 3) esquisser un mécanisme simple qui permet aux décideurs stratégiques d'évaluer si les activités dans un lab lui permet d'atteindre ses objectifsBased on a pattern established by an MIT academic outreach program created in 2001, individuals in dozens of large organizations established corporate Fab Labs in recent years with the intent to transform their firm’s ability to innovate.This thesis investigates the world of corporate Fab Labs, building on empirical data gathered from dozens of labs, with core research activities taking place in the labs of four large multinational firms from 2014 through 2017. The purpose of this research is to 1) identify whether corporate Fab Labs influence an organization’s innovation capabilities, 2) articulate and refine the managerial representation used to support the creation of these labs, and 3) outline a simple mechanism for managers to evaluate whether a lab attains its desired outcomes
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Grace, Philip Barry. "The detection and determination of saccharides by mass spectrometric methods." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287374.
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Boyeras, Schumann Daniel. "La compraventa internacional de mercancías la modalidad FOB." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107706.
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El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es plantear un estudio detallado acerca del término FOB (Free on Board) de los Incoterms (International Commercial Terms). Estos términos, periódicamente redactados y actualizados por la Cámara de Comercio Internacional, gozan de una amplia difusión en el que es su medio natural: el comercio internacional de mercancías. Pero, ¿cuál es el motivo de ese éxito?
Numerosos factores pueden contribuir a explicar la gran aceptación de los Incoterms en general y de la modalidad FOB en particular. Por un lado, este término se beneficia de un contexto económico favorable, en el cual los avances en los transportes y comunicaciones han facilitado como nunca antes en la historia los intercambios comerciales. Por otro lado, el contexto jurídico del comercio internacional también resulta propicio para la modalidad FOB, dado el elevado margen de maniobra y negociación que tanto los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales como los tratados internacionales conceden a las partes en los contratos de compraventa. Pero no sólo en base a los factores externos puede explicarse la amplia difusión de la modalidad FOB.
El término FOB constituye una modalidad de compraventa, preferentemente aunque no exclusivamente internacional, y la clave de su éxito radica en su calidad jurídica. Remitiéndose a este término, las partes contratantes pueden conocer los aspectos más importantes de una transacción, como puede ser la transmisión de los riesgos de pérdida o avería de la mercancía, el reparto de los gastos, la distribución de las obligaciones o cuál de las partes debe concertar los contratos accesorios de transporte y seguro. Además, los integrantes del contrato de compraventa pueden modificar este término o añadir especificaciones para que su contenido se adapte mejor a sus necesidades concretas.
A lo largo de esta Tesis, el lector podrá comprobar cómo la modalidad FOB de la compraventa, lejos de ser un elemento aislado, convive y se relaciona con su contexto económico y jurídico, la problemática que plantea su enunciado, así como las soluciones que las leyes, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina han ofrecido a tales interrogantes, tanto en nuestro país como en el extranjero.The objective of the present Doctoral Thesis is to outline a detailed study about the FOB term (Free on Board) of the Incoterms (International Commercial Terms). These terms, periodically edited and upgraded by the International Chamber of Commerce, enjoy a wide diffusion in its field: the international trade of goods. But, which is the reason of that success? Numerous factors can contribute to explain the great acceptance of the Incoterms in general and of the FOB modality in particular. On one hand, this term benefits of a favorable economic context, in which the advances in the transports and communications have facilitated as never before in the history the commercial exchanges. On the other hand, the juridical context of the international trade is also favorable for the FOB term, given the high maneuver and negotiation margin that the national law and the international treaties grant to the parts in the sale and purchase contracts. But the external factors are not the only ones that can explain the wide diffusion of the FOB modality. The FOB term constitutes a sale and purchase modality, preferably although not exclusively international, and the key of its success resides in its juridical quality. Being remitted to this term, the contracting parties can know the most important aspects in a transaction, like the transmission of the risks of loss or damages of the merchandise, the allotment of the expenses, the distribution of the obligations or which of the parts should concert the accessory contracts of transport and assurance. Also, the members of the sale and purchase contract can modify this term or add specifications, so that their content adapts better to their concrete necessities. Along this Thesis, the reader will be able to check how the FOB modality of the sale and purchase, far from being an isolated element, cohabits and is related with its economic and juridical context, the problematic that outlines its enunciated, as well as the solutions that the laws, the jurisprudence and the doctrine have offered to such queries, so much in our country as abroad.
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Rogers, Thomas E. "An FVE-FAC approach for the weldpool problem." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA304825.
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Mucke, S. "Herstellung von Nanometer-Strukturen mittels feinfokussiertem Ionenstrahl (FIB)." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28940.
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Feinfokussierte Ionenstrahlen dienen in den Gebieten der Halbleiterindustrie und Materialforschung der Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den beiden Hauptanwendungen von fokussierten Ionenstrahlen, dem Materialabtrag und der ionenstrahlinduzierten Materialabscheidung. Dabei wird die hochauflösende Ionensäule CANION 31Z der Firma Orsay Physics mit Stromdichten von bis zu 10 A/cm2 und mit integriertem Gassystem eingesetzt. Es wird ausführlich auf Anwendungsbeispiele von Fokussierten Ionenstrahlsystemen im Bereich der Industrie und Forschung eingegangen. Schwerpunktmäßig wird die Abscheidung von Wolfram aus dem Precursorgas W(CO)6 (Wolframhexacarbonyl) auf Si und SiO2 als Substrat untersucht, mit dem Ziel, gut leitfähige Drähte (hier im Sinne von Leiterbahnen) mit minimalem Querschnitt herzustellen. Die Optimierung der Ionenstrahl-Parameter dieser Feinfokussierten Ionenstrahlanlage bezüglich der Abscheidung steht im Vordergrund. Dabei wird ein kurzer Einblick in die Theorie der Schichtentstehung beim Abscheidevorgang gegeben. Untersuchungen der erzeugten Strukturen entsprechend der Schichtqualität und der Strukturabmessungen werden erläutert und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Es konnten Wolframdrähte mit einer Länge von 20 ... 100 µm, einer Breite von minimal 150 nm und einer Höhe von maximal 600 nm angefertigt werden. Die Zusammensetzung der Drähte in Abhängigkeit der Prozessparameter wurde mittels AES bestimmt. Im optimalen Fall wurden die Schichtanteile zu 80% W, 5% O, 6% C und 9% Ga ermittelt (Angaben in Atomprozent). Der spezifische Widerstand der Wolframdrähte ist im Bereich 150 ... 320 µWcm gemessen worden.
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Wang, Ye M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Fab trees for designing complex 3D printable materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85798.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Title as it appears in Degrees awarded booklet, September 2013: Material design by fab trees for 3D printing. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-68).
With more 3D printable materials being invented, 3D printers nowadays could replicate not only geometries, but also appearance and physical properties. On the software side, the tight coupling between geometry and material specification, and the lack of tools in specifying materials volumetrically, however, hinder the full usage of the multi-material capability of 3D printers. The heavy dependency on traditional modeling software also makes casual users, who are becoming one of the most important user groups, unwelcome in this rising area. This thesis aims to solve the above problems by proposing fab trees for creating and combining procedural material specifications defined in OpenFL, a language for fabrication similar to the shading language for rendering. The fab tree representation allows users 1) to decouple material specification from geometry; hence, to be able to reuse the created materials on different models; 2) to easily create complicated materials systematically; 3) to have enough freedom to design materials procedurally, and fully utilize the functionality of today's multi-material 3D printers. In addition, I provide a fully functional user interface to explore desired visualization methods and user interactions for casual users in the 3D printing context.
by Ye Wang.
M. Eng.
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Kress, Dagmar Corine [Verfasser]. "Etablierung und Charakterisierung eines Wachstumshormon-transgenen Mausmodells auf Inzuchtbasis (FVB/N) / von Dagmar Corine Kress." 2005. http://d-nb.info/980930782/34.
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Chen, Chien-Hung, and 陳建宏. "The Influence of Cesarean Section Time on Growth and Reproductive Performances in FVB/NCrl Derived Pups." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12726339738728881087.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
畜產系
92
Normal physiological status in laboratory animals will be influence by microorganism infection. The purposes of cesarean section for laboratory mice are to produce microorganism-free pups and recover colony from microbiological contaminate colony. So laboratory center can provide healthy and safe laboratory mice for multiple usages. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of time for cesarean section on growth and reproductive performance in derived pups. Results of the study indicated that different time for cesarean section were shown significant difference in survival rate, puberty age, puberty weight and the time for first labor in derived pups, and the result also shown that day of 20 after pregnancy was the best time for cesarean section. There were no significant differences among survival rate, litter size and growth rate in next generation. The parturition days of most FVB/NCrl females were at day 19.5 to 20 after pregnancy. Thus day 19.5 after pregnancy was the best time for cesarean section.
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Chen, Shih-Hui, and 陳詩蕙. "Persistent Hepatitis B Viral Replication in an FVB/N Mouse Model: Impact of Host and Viral Factors." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68204592483401377584.
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博士國立臺灣大學
微生物學研究所
100
The mechanism underlying the chronicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long eluded researchers. The mechanism has remained unclear largely due to the lack of an animal model that can support persistent HBV replication and allow for the investigation of the relevant immune responses. In this study, we used hydrodynamic injection to introduce HBV replicon DNA into the livers of three different mouse strains, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and FVB/N. Interestingly, we found that an HBV clone persistently replicated in the livers of FVB/N mice for up to 50 weeks but was rapidly cleared from the livers of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Flow cytometric analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of the mouse livers indicated that after DNA injection, FVB/N mice had few intrahepatic activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and produced low levels of alanine aminotransferase, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines. These responses were in sharp contrast to those observed in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, reflecting a strong correlation between the degree of liver inflammation and viral clearance. Mutational analysis further demonstrated that a change from Asn-214 to Ser-214 in the HBV surface antigen permitted the clearance of the persistent HBV clone in FVB/N mice, and the response was accompanied by increased levels of activated CTLs and upregulated liver expression of IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CXCL10. The model was demonstrated to be useful for the in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of various anti-HBV drugs. Supplementary expression of CXCL9, CXCL10 and C5a in the carrier mice enhanced the clearance of the chronic infection. These results indicate that the heterogeneity of the host factors and viral sequences may influence the immune responses against HBV. An inadequate activation of immune or inflammatory responses can lead to persistent HBV replication in vivo.
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Knott, Michelle Louise. "Host-parasite interactions in primary and secondary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides bakeri." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/67240.
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Parasitic helminth infections are a significant problem worldwide. Some helminth species are becoming resistant to current therapies and new forms of treatment and/or vaccines are required. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is a tissue-invasive parasitic helminth that infects rodents, and the lifecycle of this parasite is similar to that of the human hookworms. The aims of this study were to investigate primary and secondary immune responses to N. brasiliensis, focusing on the pre-lung phase of infection. The roles of cytokines, chemokines, signalling pathways and leukocytes such as eosinophils were investigated in the skin, lungs and small intestine. The roles of eosinophils were also investigated in primary infections with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri. Interleukin (IL)-5 is important for eosinophil development and maturation and for protection during some helminth infections. Over-expression of IL-5 provides potent protection in primary infections with N. brasiliensis in the pre-lung phase of infections. Although mice deficient in IL-5 or eosinophils might therefore be predicted to be more susceptible to N. brasiliensis, IL-5-deficient (IL-5⁻/⁻) and eosinophil-deficient (ΔdblGATA) mice showed similar infection patterns as wildtype (WT) mice during primary N. brasiliensis infections. Intestinal worm and/or egg numbers however were elevated in mice with defective eosinophilopoiesis compared with WT animals. In secondary infections, despite skin inflammatory responses (4 hours p.i.) being similar in WT, IL-5⁻/⁻ and ΔdblGATA animals, at day 2 p.i., lung larval burdens in the two latter hosts were significantly higher than in the resistant WT controls. However, parasites were expelled from intestines of all mice by day 7 of secondary infections. These data suggest that in the pre-gut phase of secondary infection, IL-5 and eosinophils play an important role in resistance to N. brasiliensis. Despite this, eosinophils do not appear to be essential for protection mediated within the gut during secondary infections, even though IL-5 and eosinophils do appear to confer some protection in the gut during primary infections. Complement is required for the recruitment of eosinophils into the skin in the first 150 minutes of primary infection with N. brasiliensis (Giacomin et al., 2008a), however other chemotactic factors appear to be involved after this time. Although eotaxin is chemotactic for eosinophils in some tissues, the importance of eotaxin and signalling pathways involved in expression of this chemokine has not been previously characterized in N. brasiliensis infections. Signal transducer and activator of
transcription (STAT)6 is a key transcription factor in the IL-4/IL-13 signalling pathway and these cytokines can induce expression of eotaxin in some tissues. Expulsion of N. brasiliensis adult worms during primary infections is profoundly impaired in STAT6- deficient (STAT6⁻/⁻) mice. IL-5 Tg mice are highly resistant to primary infections with N. brasiliensis and in the current study, it was shown that ablation of eotaxin-1 or STAT6 in IL-5 Tg mice did not impair the strong innate resistance typically seen in the pre-lung phase of N. brasiliensis infections. While recruitment of eosinophils to the skin (4 hours p.i.) was reduced in these mice compared with IL-5 transgenic (Tg) mice, protective capacity was preserved in both primary and secondary infections. Further, eotaxin-1⁻/⁻ single mutant mice were strongly resistant to secondary N. brasiliensis infections, with few larvae migrating to the lungs on day 2 p.i. In contrast, STAT6⁻/⁻, IL-13⁻/⁻, IL-4Rα⁻/⁻ and IL-13⁻/⁻/IL-4Rα⁻/⁻-double deficient mice had significantly higher secondary lung larval burdens than WT mice and parasite egg production was prolonged in all of these strains. These data suggest a role for this signalling pathway in protection during the early stages of secondary infections with this parasite. In both primary and
secondary infections, eosinophils were recruited to the skin in all gene knock out strains in comparable numbers to those seen in WT mice, and this suggests that alternative eosinophil recruitment pathways may compensate for the absence of these factors. Adding to the extensive work on the intestinal phase of N. brasiliensis, this work clearly indicates for the first time that early pre-lung events are crucial in determining the outcome of infection, and should be the focus of future studies with N. brasiliensis. In contrast, when STAT6- and eotaxin-1-deficient mice were infected with another intestinal nematode, H. bakeri, the mutant strains were as susceptible as WT mice, with parasite eggs present in similar numbers on all days examined. Resistance mechanisms that operate in the intestine during N. brasiliensis infections do not therefore appear to extend to a parasite that can infect naïve hosts for many months. The FVB/N mouse strain was introduced into this study whilst exploring the potential roles of eosinophils in the intestinal phase of N. brasiliensis infections. The impact of intestine-specific expression of transgenes encoding IL-5 and eotaxin-1 were examined and although both lines of Tg mice were highly resistant to N. brasiliensis, naïve WT FVB/N mice also showed very potent innate resistance. Very few worms were observed in the small intestine of WT FVB/N animals on day 7 p.i., whereas skin larval and leukocyte numbers (4 hours p.i.) and lung larval burdens (day 2 p.i.) were similar in WT FVB/N and WT CBA/Ca mice. Interestingly, lung larvae recovered from WT FVB/N animals were significantly smaller in size (days 1-2 p.i.) and less motile than lung larvae recovered from WT CBA/Ca mice. Further, there were significantly fewer eggs (day 6 p.i.) and worms (day 7 p.i.) in the former. However, WT FVB/N mice were no more resistant to infections with H. bakeri than WT CBA/Ca mice, with parasite eggs detected in comparable numbers until day 116 p.i. Resistance mechanisms operating against N. brasiliensis in WT FVB/N mice would not therefore appear to extend to H. bakeri infections. Eosinophils can provide potent protection in some helminth infections and this study builds on our previous work and that of other groups. We have now shown that early pre-lung events may be critical in determining host resistance against N. brasiliensis. In secondary N. brasiliensis infections, cytokine signalling pathways that protect against adult worms in the late intestinal phase of infection also play a role in resistance during the early pre-lung phase, when the parasite is still at the larval stage. Eosinophils are also of importance for protection against this parasite, and future studies should focus on the early events to further characterize resistance mechanisms. This information may prove useful for the development of successful vaccines against hookworms and other nematodes.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2010
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Jarray, Abdallah. "Groupage de trafic à coût minimum dans les réseaux anneaux WDM." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16648.
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Patrão, Patrícia Alexandra Rodrigues. "The internationalisation case of fib - the financial analysis of fib expansion to France." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/123227.
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The purpose of this work project is to develop an internationalisation plan for FiB, a Portuguese SME. The market evaluation and selection were performed by using analytical approaches based on available secondary data. The international market selection was made by using preliminary screening techniques, the country clustering and ranking analysis, and an in-depth analysis of the countries with the greatest potential. France was the selected country to enter, through direct exporting with contracting. A business model and marketing plan were developed in order to support the strategic move. Finally, a financial forecast was performed, suggesting that the expansion project will be profitable and worthwhile.
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Lee, Chia-Yi, and 李家儀. "Detailed Routing for FIB Probing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78625112058766268971.
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碩士國立中央大學
電機工程研究所
100
In the process of manufacturing a chip, a circuit layout which is affected by particles or design errors may cause that the chip operation differs with the desired one. As a result, post-silicon debug becomes a critical and necessary step in the current design flow. Therefore, instead of the iterative design process, focused ion beam (FIB) technology is used to improve the time to market by directly correcting the circuit layout. As the manufacturing process evolves, the size of ICs is gradually reduced, and the wire density of a circuit increases. However, FIB technology cannot keep up with the evolution of the manufacturing process. Therefore, the FIB cannot be easily used in probing or circuit editing, incurring the limitations of testing and debugging. Since the influence of FIB is much larger than the line spacing and width, the FIB process will affect several adjacent signal lines if the wire density is too high. For example, only 30% signal lines for a circuit using the 90-nm process can apply FIB. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the FIB observable rate in the detailed routing stage. We propose three FIB states (lookup, lookdown, and lookpin) with their costs in the routing grid, and modify the wave propagation stage in the maze routing to find a shortest path which has enough space to process FIB for each net. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 100% routability with maximizing the number of signal lines which can apply FIB.
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Guerrieri, Anthony Tyler. "The effect of three spray inoculation protocols on Fusarium head blight infection of wheat and in planta competition between 3-ADON & 15-ADON chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4782.
Full textAbstract:
Breeding for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat requires accurate
and precise phenotyping. Additionally, breeding for FHB resistance requires an
understanding of the pathogen population to which the host will be subjected. It is important to examine aspects of the competition between F. graminearum isolates that produce 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) or 15- acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), including how infection by various isolates will affect the expression of resistance in wheat. The first objective of this study was to compare ranking of FHB reactions of ten wheat genotypes using three different macroconidial spray inoculation protocols and to determine if the protocols produce substantially equivalent results in terms of symptom development. The second objective was to examine the outcome of competition between 3-ADON and 15-ADON producing isolates of F. graminearum and to examine the effect inoculation with different isolate mixtures on FHB resistance in wheat genotypes 93FHB37 (resistant) and CDC Teal (susceptible).
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Liu, Hsing-Tung, and 劉興棟. "Fab Foundry Product Mix Strategy Research." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82980825921632247380.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系
88
Fab Foundry Product Mix Strategy Research Student: Hsing-Tung Liu Advisor: Dr. Rong-Kwei Li Submitted to Insitute Of Industrial Engineering College of Management National Chiao Tung University ABSTRACT Cost accounting’s profit per unit opinion is used for wafer foundry’s order mix strategy. The priority of order mix is according to the equipment accumulating utilization % and profit per unit. The profit per unit cannot get the maximum profit by some research papers for only emphasizing the loading of constraint resource and neglecting the effect of constraint resources to throughput. The constraint resources make the maximum profit according to TOC. The article uses the profit per standard operation time on CCR to decide the priority of order mix and give some foundry’s example to verify. The opinion of profit per standard operation time on CCR is applied to order mix about the same process, the same product type, the same layers, emergent orders, nonconstraint orders and strategy’s orders by simplex formulation and then make a accurate decision quickly. Keywords: Foundry、Bottleneck Resource、Product Mix、 Order Strategy 頁次 中文摘要….……………………………………………………………… Ⅰ 英文摘要.………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ 誌謝.……………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ 目錄…………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 第一章緒論 1.1研究動機與文獻探討……………………………………………………1 1.2研究目的與範圍限制…………………………………….…………….5 第二章原理模式構建與驗證比較 2.1問題分析與單位瓶頸資源標準工時利潤法模式構 建………………………………………………………….……………6 2.2單位瓶頸資源標準工時利潤法與成本會計觀點 之單位利潤法驗證比較………………………………………9 第三章單位瓶頸資源標準工時利潤法應用 3.1接單產品組合策略研究…………………………………………11 3.1.1同世代製程技術,同類型產品之接單產品 策略……………………………………………………..12 3.1.2同世代製程技術,同類型產品,光罩層數 相同之接單產品策略…………………….…………….13 3.1.3不同世代製程技術,同類型產品,光罩層 數相同,接單產品策略………………………………….17 3.2產品插單策略研究……………………………………………..20 3.2.1插入較高利潤訂單整體利潤產出未必一定提 高…………………………………………………………20 3.2.2插入非CCR訂單以提升整體利潤產出…………….….22 3.2.3 政策性插單常造成生產線混亂與產出利潤不穩 定…………………………………………………….…24 第四章結論與未來研究方向 4.1 結論………………………………………………………….….27 4.2 未來研究方向…………………………………………………..27 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….29
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Rato, Teresa Vargas Moniz Moreira. "Relatório de estágio na FCB Lisboa." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/39304.
Full textAbstract:
Este relatório surge na sequência do estágio realizado na Agência FCB Lisboa, de 4 de novembro de 2019 a 16 de outubro de 2020, para a obtenção do grau de mestre na especialização de Design e Cultura Visual.
Nele são descritos alguns dos projetos de maior relevo desenvolvidos durante o período de estágio na agência, que permitiram consolidar e aprofundar os conhecimentos e as competências adquiridas na Licenciatura em Design e no Mestrado em Design e Cultura Visual no IADE-Universidade Europeia.
O desenvolvimento e execução de projetos concretos em colaboração com uma equipa experiente foi muito enriquecedor, tendo permitido desenvolver novas competências, de cariz mais prático e profissional, preparando a aluna para uma melhor integração no mercado de trabalho.
O estágio permitiu que a estudante pudesse acompanhar e desenvolver trabalhos em vários campos do design visual, como o gráfico, o de produto e o de comunicação.This report follows the internship held at Agency FCB Lisboa, from November 4, 2019 to October 16, 2020, to obtain a master's degree in the specialization of Design and Visual Culture. It describes some of the most important projects developed during the internship period at the agency, which allowed to consolidate and deepen the knowledge and skills developed in the Design Degree and in the Master in Design and Visual Culture at IADE-European University. The development and execution of concrete projects in collaboration with an experienced team was very enriching, allowing to develop new skills, of a more practical and professional nature, preparing the student for a better integration in the job market. The internship allowed the student to follow and develop works in various fields of visual design, such as graphics, product and communication.