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Li, Yao, Qian Yang, Zhi-hui Shi, Min Zhou, Li Yan, Hua Li, Yan-hua Xie, and Si-wang Wang. "The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Feiyangchangweiyan Capsule and Its Main Components on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Rats via the Regulation of the NF-κB and BAX/BCL-2 Pathway." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (June 13, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9585727.
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Although gastroenteritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occur in the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis, respectively, they display similar pathogeneses. The incidence of inflammation in these conditions is usually associated with dysbacteriosis, and, at times, they are caused by the same pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. Feiyangchangweiyan capsule (FYC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine that is widely used to treat bacterial dysentery and acute and chronic gastroenteritis. However, whether it has an effect on PID is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of FYC and its main components, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), and syringin (SY), on a pathogen-induced PID model and illustrate their potential mechanism of action. Female specific pathogen-free SD rats (n = 1110) were randomly divided into control, PID, FYC, GA, EA, SY, GA + EA, GA + SY, EA + SY, GA + EA + SY, and Fuke Qianjin capsule (FKC) positive groups. Histological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out as well as western blot analysis to detect the expression of NF-κB, BAX, BCL-2, and JNK. In this study, FYC and its main components dramatically suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and elevated the IL-10 level to varying degrees. We also found that FYC and its main components inhibited the expression of BAX induced by infection and increased the expression of Bcl-2. FYC, GA, EA, and SY could also block the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Finally, we found that the phosphorylation of JNK could be decreased by FYC, GA, and SY. FYC and its main components exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on a pathogen-induced PID model by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Zeng, Li, Cai Zhi Xiao, Zi Ting Deng, and Rong Heng Li. "Chondroprotective Effects and Multitarget Mechanisms of Fu Yuan Capsule in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8985623.
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Fu Yuan Capsule (FYC) has been clinically used for osteoarthritis (OA) and its related diseases for many years in China. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential chondroprotective effects of FYC on articular cartilage. Rat OA model was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection. A group of rats was treated with FYC for 12 weeks. Joint structure, types I and II collagen, and proteoglycan were evaluated by histological examination. The expression of C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen, hydroxyproline, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs, matrix metalloproteinase, interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, heat-shock protein 70, transforming growth factor-beta, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were detected. Treatment with FYC could protect against articular cartilage injury. FYC treatment significantly decreased the extracellular matrix degradation factors and inflammatory mediators. Moreover, articular cartilage protective factors were increased in the FYC group. The current finding suggests that FYC protects articular cartilage in a rat OA model through various ways. Thus, it may be an effective agent for OA treatment.
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Konjarski, Loretta, Maja Husaric, Kate Kelly, Natalie KonYu, and Kathy Tangalakis. "Women’s work: Women leading women in a teaching-focussed first year college." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.19.1.06.
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In 2018, a community of practice initiative was introduced to enhance the career opportunities for the 53 women academics in the First Year College (FYC) at Victoria University. The FYC is a teaching-oriented college and thus the traditional career advancement through research is largely not applicable to women in the college – many of whom are teaching-focussed academics. The Women in First Year (WiFY) executive developed and implemented workshops with the aim of aiding women on their career trajectory and in getting more women to senior levels and into leadership positions. In this article we will argue that the WiFY initiative has resulted in greater career achievements for women in the FYC. Using data collected from semi-structured interviews as well as relevant research and FYC statistics on career progression, we will argue that WiFY has had a positive effect on the career trajectory of women in the FYC who have participated in their workshops.
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Clifford, G. M., D. J. Smith, and Caroline S. M. Searing. "An assessment of forced expiratory volumes and flow rates in the detection of early ventilatory impairment in RN submariners." Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 71, no. 3 (December 1985): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-71-167.
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AbstractA prospective study of an early diagnostic test of small airway dysfunction, the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity, was carried out in 230 RN submariners. All the subjects were male caucasians, of whom 105 were smokers and 125 non-smokers. Measurements were performed using a single breath wedge spirometer (Vitalograph®) and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of the FEV1 to the FVC (FEV1/FVC%) and the forced expiratory flow between 75 and 85% of the forced vital capacity (FEF75–85) obtained from the tracings in accordance with the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. Multiple linear regression analysis of these four measurements together with height, age and smoking habit showed age to be the most significant factor for FEF75–85, followed by height Height was the most significant factor for FVC and FEV1 followed by age. Age was the only significant factor for FEV1/FVC%. FEF75-85 was highly correlated with FEV1/FVC% (r = 0.72) and to a lesser extent with FEV1 and FVC (r = 0.70 and 0.37 respectively). In the presence of age and height no significant effect of smoking habit on FEF75–85 could be demonstrated. However when the FEV1/FYC%, age and smoking habit were examined, there was found to be a significantly greater decrease in FEV1/FYC% with age in the smokers. It would appear that in this study FEV1/FVC% is a more sensitive index of early obstructive changes induced by smoking than measurement of flow at low lung volumes.
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Pang, Bin. "Categorical properties of L-fuzzifying convergence spaces." Filomat 32, no. 11 (2018): 4021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1811021p.
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In this paper, categorical properties of L-fuzzifying convergence spaces are investigated. It is shown that (1) the category L-FYC of L-fuzzifying convergence spaces is a strong topological universe; (2) the category L-FYKC of L-fuzzifying Kent convergence spaces, as a bireflective and bicoreflective subcategory of L-FYC, is also a strong topological universe; (3) the category L-FYLC of L-fuzzifying limit spaces, as a bireflective subcategory of L-FYKC, is a topological universe.
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ter Beek, Ellis, Rachel E. A. van der Rijken, Chris H. Z. Kuiper, Jan Hendriks, and Geert Jan J. M. Stams. "The Allocation of Sexually Transgressive Juveniles to Intensive Specialized Treatment: An Assessment of the Application of RNR Principles." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 5 (May 22, 2017): 1179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16674684.
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The aim of this study was to compare results of and develop guidelines for mandatory allocation of sexually transgressive juveniles to Multisystemic Therapy - Problem Sexual Behavior (MST-PSB), Secure Youth Care (SYC), or Forensic Youth Care (FYC), based on the risk-need-responsivity model. Results of current allocation showed a population with relatively less treatment needs to receive community-based MST-PSB, compared with populations receiving residential SYC and FYC. Furthermore, estimated recidivism risk levels did not always support the need for risk reduction by the imposition of limitation of freedom of movement and maximum supervision, provided by all three treatment modalities. Based on the assessed sexual recidivism risk, 38% of the juveniles in FYC, 7% in SYC, and 24% in MST-PSB received treatment that was too intensive, which is considered detrimental to motivation and development. Future allocation practices could benefit from assessing treatment needs and recidivism risk, by use of an actuarial tool.
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McCoy, Shane A. "Writing for Justice in First-Year Composition (FYC)." Radical Teacher 116 (March 3, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2020.747.
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Conceptualized as writing for justice, I offer close-scrutiny and analyses of teaching artifacts that animate my course syllabi in order to understand how first-year composition (FYC) courses might function as a vehicle for advancing social justice. Specifically, this essay offers a framework for enabling students with the critical capacities to transfer social justice knowledge from the classroom to the street. With close readings of my curricula and borrowing from the scholarship on knowledge transfer studies (Bawarshi & Reiff 2011; Beaufort 2007; Yancey 2011), I bridge the theoretical framework of writing for justice to a practice of writing for justice in curriculum design and development. As I argue here, this aspect of the curriculum provides the framework for crafting a FYC curriculum that aims to transform undergraduate students’ cognitive schemas by forming new “impressions” (Ahmed 2004) of social justice.
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Nidamanuri, A. L., Lawrence Leslie Leo Prince, S. P. Yadav, T. K. Bhattacharya, S. R. R. Konadaka, and S. K. Bhanja. "Effect of Supplementation of Fermented Yeast Culture on Hormones and Their Receptors on Exposure to Higher Temperature and on Production Performance after Exposure in Nicobari Chickens." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539780.
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Heat stress (HS) affects the production performance in chickens and causes economic loss to the producers. Most of the studies have been conducted on and for the welfare of broilers. We still lack information on the physiological parameters being affected during chronic heat stress in layers. To fill this gap, the present study evaluated the effect of heat stress (induced in the chamber) during the prelaying period (21–23 weeks) on plasma levels of the hormones leptin and ghrelin and GH and expression of the respective receptors and heat stress markers. Three groups were considered, one at room temperature (CR) and the other two groups (SH and CH) subjected to heat stress at 39°C for four hours for three weeks (21–23 weeks of age). The SH group (SH) feed was supplemented with fermented yeast culture (FYC, 700 mg/kg), whereas the CH group was devoid of it. After that, all the groups were shifted to shed under natural ambient conditions till 31 weeks of age. Studies were restricted to production performance only. Feed offered without yeast culture (CH group) had a smaller concentration of plasma hormones ( P < 0.01 ) and increased expression fold of the hormone receptors ( P < 0.01 ). Further, the group also presented higher liver AMP kinase enzyme, plasma MDA (malondialdehyde), and cholesterol concentrations. These changes likely explained the decrease in feed intake and the CH group’s body weight and further reduced the production performance during the laying period. Supplementation with FYC to birds had an opposite effect on the above-mentioned parameters, reducing HS effects. In summary, supplementation with FYC (700 mg/kg) maintained physiological parameters as in the CR group under HS conditions and negated adverse effects on parameters both before and during laying periods.
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Shepherd, Ryan P. "FB in FYC: Facebook Use Among First-Year Composition Students." Computers and Composition 35 (March 2015): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2014.12.001.
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Wardle, Elizabeth A. "Can Cross-Disciplinary Links Help Us Teach "Academic Discourse" in FYC?" Across the Disciplines 1, no. 1 (2004): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/atd-j.2004.1.1.06.
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Jalalvand, Ali, and Mehrdad Anbarian. "Effect of Lower Limb Muscle Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force Components During Landing in People With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 8 (November 1, 2019): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0153.
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Context: The link between landing parameters and lower limb muscle fatigue in association with chronic low back pain (CLBP) is not well understood. Objective: To examine the effects of fatigue on the ground reaction force components during landing in people with nonspecific CLBP. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Clinical biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 44 subjects were equally divided into a healthy group and a group with CLBP. Main Outcome Measures: The ground reaction force along anterior–posterior (y) and medial–lateral (x) and vertical (z) axes, time to peak (TTP), the rate of force development, and impulses for all axes were calculated. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (group × fatigue) was used to compare the data among groups. Results: In the unfatigued conditions, the amplitudes of Fy3, Fz2, and TTP of Fy1, Fy2, Fz1, Fz2, Fz3, Fz4, rate of force development in Y in the CLBP subjects are significantly different than those in the healthy subjects (P < .05). In the fatigued conditions, the amplitudes of Fz2, Fz3, Fz4, and TTP of Fy2, Fy3, Fy4, Fz2, impulses of X2, Z in the CLBP group were significantly different than those in the healthy subjects (P < .05). Within-group comparisons of measured Fx1, Fy1, Fy2, Fz2, Fz4 and TTP of Fx1, Fy1, Fy2, Fz2, Fz3, Fz4, impulses of X2, z were significantly different from prefatigue to postfatigue in the healthy group (P < .05). Within-group comparisons of measured Fx1, Fy1, Fz1, Fz2 and TTP of Fx5, Fz1, impulses of X2 were significantly differed from prefatigue to postfatigue in the CLBP group (P < .05). Conclusions: It seems that TTP of ground reaction force variables in CLBP may have clinical values for rehabilitation. Muscle fatigue altered landing performance. However, patients with CLBP will respond differently to lower-extremity fatigue. These altered variables in patients with low back pain are the cause of future injuries or lower-extremity injuries that need to be addressed in further studies.
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Dahlia, Mustika, and Roni Fadli. "PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT FYC MEGASOLUSI DI TANGERANG SELATAN." Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah) 5, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.623.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan sifat penelitian ini adalah asosiatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi, uji koefisien korelasi, uji koefisien determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan yang bekerja pada PT FYC Megasolusi Tangerang Selatan sebanyak 60 orang. Dengan menggunakan sampling jenuh didapat sampel sebanyak 60 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (4,336 > 2,002) sig < 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05) sehingga Ho1 ditolak dan Ha1, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (3,397 > 2,002) sig < 0,05 (0,001 < 0,05) sehingga Ho2 ditolak dan Ha2 diterima, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kompensasi dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai Fhitung 51,725 > Ftable 3,16 sig 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho3 di tolak dan Ha3, terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Koefisien determinasi Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,632 menyatakan bahwa, variabel Kompensasi (X1) dan motivasi (X2) memiliki kontribusi sebesar 63,2% terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) dan sisanya 36,8% dipengaruhi faktor lain.
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Carter, Genesea. "Exploring the Diversity of Everyday Experiences through the Humans of the University of Wisconsin-Stout Facebook Assignment." Writers: Craft & Context 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2688-9595.2021.2.2.17-29.
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In this personal essay and research article mash-up genre, I reflect on my Humans of the University of Wisconsin-Stout first-year composition Facebook assignment, which was developed to teach my predominately white students about the diversity of everyday experiences. I share with readers how my positionality, as a former evangelical Christian Republican who left Christianity and became a liberal progressive a few years before this assignment, and the context of my university, a predominately white, midwestern polytechnic university, shaped my assignment design. I include Humans of UW-Stout Facebook stories, corresponding student reflections and homework, and my own personal reflection on the curriculum to empower instructors to teach diversity-focused FYC assignments and to inspire instructors to reflect upon how their own political and religious beliefs shape their curriculum.
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Stewart, Mary K. "Communities of Inquiry: A Heuristic for Designing and Assessing Interactive Learning Activities in Technology-Mediated FYC." Computers and Composition 45 (September 2017): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2017.06.004.
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Wolfe, Joanna, Barrie Olson, and Laura Wilder. "Knowing What We Know about Writing in the Disciplines: A New Approach to Teaching for Transfer in FYC." WAC Journal 25, no. 1 (2014): 42–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/wac-j.2014.25.1.03.
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Shields, Kathy. "Research Partners, Teaching Partners: A Collaboration between FYC Faculty and Librarians to Study Students’ Research and Writing Habits." Internet Reference Services Quarterly 19, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2014): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2014.983286.
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Haq, Haris. "A Survey of University Composition Education in Turkey." Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2021.3.6.1.
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Composition Studies, is something that is often associated with universities in the United States, characterized by elements such as FYC (First-Year Composition), writing centres, advanced writing training for graduate students, and so forth. However, the composition is by no means limited to any one country, but research in its manifestation in other contexts is limited. That is the case for Turkey as well, a nation that possesses its own unique infrastructure of composition education, influenced by its own challenges and lived environment. In this paper, that infrastructure is analyzed with regard to its context, purpose, aims, and outcomes. It was found that that a framework of writing education exists in both public and private universities and is hand-in-hand with the English focus of certain educational programs. However, even up until the graduate level, there seem to be issues that draw attention to students' educational experience. The small-scale studies that have been done to date give clues (that often correspond with each other) on where the problems lie, specifically in need for more feedback, instruction in writing and mechanics, and so forth.
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He, Yuanhao, Xiaojun Deng, and Feng Che. "Genetic diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in Chinese fir plantations." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 1 (January 23, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2018-swr.
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To explore the diversity of soil bacteria and changes in the bacterial community structure of Chinese fir plantations of different generations and developmental stages, the genetic diversity of soil bacteria was studied using the 454 sequencing technology. The results showed that the bacterial genetic diversity and community structure of Chinese fir plantation plots under monoculture planting and rotation planting practices were as follows: the Shannon diversity indices of first-generation young plantation of Chinese fir plantations (FYC), second-generation young plantation (SYC), and third-generation young plantation (TYC) initially decreased and then increased to 8.45, 8.1, and 8.43, respectively. Due to different management and tending measures, the phyla showing considerable differences in relative abundance were Cyanobacteria, Nitrospirae, Fibrobacteres, Thermotogae, and Planctomycetes. The bacterial genetic diversity and community structure of Chinese fir plantations at different developmental stages were as follows: the bacterial diversity and the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) decreased with increasing forest age; with the increasing forest age of Chinese fir, the bacteria with considerable differences in the relative abundance were Burkholderiales, Xanthomonadales, Ktedonobacteria, Nitrosomonadales, Anaerolineae, and Holophagae. The predominant bacteria of the Chinese fir plantations were Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, Lactococcus, Planctomyces, Sorangium, and Bryobacter.
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Begum, Shemim, Ram Sarkar, Debasis Chakraborty, and Ujjwal Maulik. "Identification of Biomarker on Biological and Gene Expression data using Fuzzy Preference Based Rough Set." Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0034.
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Abstract Cancer is fast becoming an alarming cause of human death. However, it has been reported that if the disease is detected at an early stage, diagnosed, treated appropriately, the patient has better chances of survival long life. Machine learning technique with feature-selection contributes greatly to the detecting of cancer, because an efficient feature-selection method can remove redundant features. In this paper, a Fuzzy Preference-Based Rough Set (FPRS) blended with Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been applied in order to predict cancer biomarkers for biological and gene expression datasets. Biomarkers are determined by deploying three models of FPRS, namely, Fuzzy Upward Consistency (FUC), Fuzzy Downward Consistency (FLC), and Fuzzy Global Consistency (FGC). The efficiency of the three models with SVM on five datasets is exhibited, and the biomarkers that have been identified from FUC models have been reported.
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Johnson, Ali C., Ted Gooley, Alvaro Guillem, Jeff Keyser, Henrik Rasmussen, Bhupinder Singh, and Richard A. Zager. "Parenterial iron sucrose-induced renal preconditioning: differential ferritin heavy and light chain expression in plasma, urine, and internal organs." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 317, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): F1563—F1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00307.2019.
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Experimental data suggest that iron sucrose (FeS) injection, used either alone or in combination with other prooxidants, can induce “renal preconditioning,” in part by upregulating cytoprotective ferritin levels. However, the rapidity, degree, composition (heavy vs. light chain), and renal ferritin changes after FeS administration in humans remain to be defined. To address these issues, healthy human volunteers ( n = 9) and patients with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease( n = 9) were injected once with FeS (120, 240, or 360 mg). Plasma ferritin was measured from 0 to 8 days postinjection as an overall index of ferritin generation. Urinary ferritin served as a “biomarker” of renal ferritin production. FeS induced rapid (≤2 h), dose-dependent, plasma ferritin increases in all study participants, peaking at approximately three to five times baseline within 24–48 h. Significant urinary ferritin increases (~3 times), without dose-dependent increases in albuminuria, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, or N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase excretion, were observed. Western blot analysis with ferritin heavy chain (Fhc)- and light chain (Flc)-specific antibodies demonstrated that FeS raised plasma Flc but not Fhc levels. Conversely, FeS increased both Fhc and Flc in urine. To assess sites of FeS-induced ferritin generation, organs from FeS-treated mice were probed for Fhc, Flc, and their mRNAs. FeS predominantly raised hepatic Flc. Conversely, marked Fhc and Flc elevations developed in the kidney and spleen. No cardiopulmonary ferritin increases occurred. Ferritin mRNAs remained unchanged throughout, implying posttranscriptional ferritin production. We conclude that FeS induces rapid, dramatic, and differential Fhc and Flc upregulation in organs. Renal Fhc and Flc increases, in the absence of nephrotoxicity, suggest potential FeS utility as a clinical renal “preconditioning” agent.
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Peintinger, F., A. Buzdar, H. Kuerer, A. Gonzalez-Angulo, C. Hatzis, L. Pusztai, F. Esteva, M. Green, G. Hortobagyi, and W. Symmans. "The impact of hormone receptor status on pathologic response of HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.533.
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533 Background: The aim of this study was to compare the extent of pathologic response in HER2-positive patients treated with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab according to hormone receptor (HR) status. Methods: The study included 199 patients with HER2-positive disease treated in clinical trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eighty-nine patients treated with 3- weekly paclitaxel and concurrent trastuzumab followed by 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) were compared with 110 patients treated with weekly or 3-weekly paclitaxel followed by FEC or FAC. Residual cancer burden (RCB), a measurement of residual disease (RD) from pathologic review of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, was classified as pathologic complete response (pCR), RCB-I (near-pCR, minimal RD), RCB-II (moderate RD), or RCB-III (extensive RD). RCB was compared between treatment groups according to HR status. Results: In HR-negative patients, similar pCR rates were achieved with weekly T/FAC as with 3-weekly T/FEC and trastuzumab (61% and 65%, respectively). However, in HR-positive patients, higher pCR rates were achieved with 3-weekly T/FEC and trastuzumab (47%) than with the weekly T/FAC (25%; p=0.04) or 3-weekly T/FAC (19%; p=0.01) ( Table 1 ). Near pCR (RCB-I) was slightly higher in HR-positive (26%) than in HR-negative patients treated with 3-weekly T/FEC and trastuzumab (11%; p=0.07). Conclusions: Patients with HR- negative/HER2-positive breast cancer had similar pathologic response rates from addition of trastuzumab to 3-weekly T/FEC or from weekly T/FAC chemotherapy. Patients with HR-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer obtained significant benefit from addition of trastuzumab to 3- weekly T/FEC, compared to 3-weekly T/FAC or weekly T/FAC. The combination of weekly T/FEC with trastuzumab as neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be evaluated. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Lewis, Penny J., Elizabeth Seston, and Mary P. Tully. "Foundation year one and year two doctors’ prescribing errors: a comparison of their causes." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1117 (November 2018): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135816.
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ObjectiveJunior doctors have the highest rates of prescribing errors, yet no study has set out to understand the differences between completely novice prescribers (Foundation year one (FY1) doctors) and those who have gained some experience (Foundation year two (FY2) doctors). The objective of this study was to uncover the causes of prescribing errors made by FY2 doctors and compare them with previously collected data of the causes of errors made by FY1 doctors.DesignQualitative interviews, using the critical incident technique, conducted with 19 FY2 doctors on the causes of their prescribing errors and compared with interviews previously conducted with 30 FY1 doctors. Data were analysed using a constant comparison approach after categorisation of the data using Reason’s model of accident causation and the London protocol.ResultsCommon contributory factors in both FY1 and FY2 doctors’ prescribing errors included working on call, tiredness and complex patients. Yet, important differences were revealed in terms of application of prescribing knowledge, with FY1 doctors lacking knowledge and FY2 misplacing their knowledge. Due to the rotation of foundation doctors, both groups are faced with novel prescribing contexts, yet the previous experience that FY2 doctors gained led to misplaced confidence when caution would have been expedient.ConclusionsDifferences in the contributory factors of prescribing errors should be taken into account when designing interventions to improve the prescribing of foundation doctors. Furthermore, careful consideration should be taken when inferring expertise in FY2 doctors, who are likely to prescribe in contexts in which their experience is little different to an FY1 doctor.
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Wintariani, Ni Putu, Ni Made Okadwicandra, and Abdul Khodir Jaelani. "ANALYSIS OF TOTAL COSTS OF BREAST CANCER CEMOTHERAPY PATIENTS BASED ON USE OF CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMEN ON JKN PATIENTS IN SANGLAH RSUP." Jurnal Endurance 2, no. 3 (October 13, 2017): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v2i3.2121.
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<p><em>Breast cancer is the first sequence of most attacking women in Indonesia. The high cost of care and old services is a major problem in the prevention of breast cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship between the total cost of the Sanglah Denpasar hospital with the chemotherapy regimen of breast cancer of JKN patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. Test homogeneity using Levene test method. Test normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. One way ANOVA test results showed a significant relationship between chemotherapy therapy regimen (FAC, FAC + PAXUS, FEC, AC, AC + PAXUS) with total real cost in breast cancer chemotherapy patients (p = 0.001). The total rill cost was greater in the group receiving FAC + PAXUS, FEC, and AC + PAXUS regimens than the group receiving FAC and AC therapy regimens. This can be caused by a large pharmaceutical cost component in the FAC + PAXUS, FEC, and AC + PAXUS groups. Pharmaceutical costs account for 76.84-85.80% of the total real cost of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. More drug combination factors can lead to higher total rill costs in patients receiving FAC + PAXUS, FEC, and AC + PAXUS.</em></p>
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Achard, Damien, Agathe Caruso-Vares, Jean-François Collin, Joanne McKelvie, David Reddick, and Cliff Ramage. "Treatment of experimentally induced bovine respiratory disease in young calves with a single administration of a combination of florfenicol and meloxicam." Veterinary Record 183, no. 17 (September 5, 2018): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104795.
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This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new florfenicol/meloxicam combination (FMC) in calves with bovine respiratory disease. A total of 90 young calves were challenged via intratracheal deposition of 108 colony-forming units of Mannheimia haemolytica. Data for 84 calves demonstrating a rectal temperature (RT) above 39.5°C and a combined total clinical score (TCS) greater than or equal to 3 were included. Calves were then randomly allocated to one of the three study groups (FMC; florfenicol/flunixin combination (FFC); or saline) and promptly treated. RT and TCS of calves treated with an FMC or FFC were consistently lower than RT and TCS of calves belonging to the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, at the end of the study, a high clinical cure rate was observed in calves treated with FMC (100 per cent) or FFC (96.6 per cent) whereas cure was limited for calves receiving saline (29.6 per cent). Interestingly, calves treated with FMC were cured without relapse more rapidly compared with calves treated with FFC (HR=1.76, P<0.05) and with a lower percentage of clinical relapse due to fever (P=0.05). These results underline the high efficacy of the FMC and are in line with the pharmacokinetic properties of florfenicol and meloxicam.
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Noorsal, Emilia, Saharul Arof, Saiful Zaimy Yahaya, Zakaria Hussain, Daniel Kho, and Yusnita Mohd Ali. "Design of an FPGA-Based Fuzzy Feedback Controller for Closed-Loop FES in Knee Joint Model." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080968.
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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) device has been widely used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in their rehab exercises to restore motor function to their paralysed muscles. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early muscle fatigue due to the open-loop stimulation strategy. To reduce the early muscle fatigue phenomenon, a closed-loop FES system is proposed to track the angle of the limb’s movement and provide an accurate amount of charge according to the desired reference angle. Among the existing feedback controllers, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been found to exhibit good control performance in handling complex non-linear systems without developing any complex mathematical model. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the implementation of FLC in hardware embedded systems. Therefore, in this paper, a digital fuzzy feedback controller (FFC) embedded in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board was proposed. The digital FFC mainly consists of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Data Acquisition and FLC sub-modules. The FFC was designed to monitor and control the progress of knee extension movement by regulating the stimulus pulse width duration to meet the target angle. The knee is expected to extend to a maximum reference angle setting (70°, 40° or 30°) from its normal position of 0° once the stimulus charge is applied to the muscle by the FES device. Initially, the FLC was modelled using MATLAB Simulink. Then, the FLC was hardcoded into digital logic using hardware description language (HDL) Verilog codes. Thereafter, the performance of the digital FLC was tested with a knee extension model using the HDL co-simulation technique in MATLAB Simulink. Finally, for real-time verification, the designed digital FFC was downloaded to the Intel FPGA (DE2-115) board. The digital FFC utilized only 4% of the total FPGA (Cyclone IV E) logic elements (LEs) and required 238 µs to regulate stimulus pulse width data, including 3 µs for the FLC computation. The high processing speed of the digital FFC enables the stimulus pulse width duration to be updated every stimulation cycle. Furthermore, the implemented digital FFC has demonstrated good control performance in accurately controlling the stimulus pulse width duration to reach the desired reference angle with very small overshoot (1.4°) and steady-state error (0.4°). These promising results are very useful for a real-world closed-loop FES application.
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Brown, Robert H., David B. Pearse, George Pyrgos, Mark C. Liu, Alkis Togias, and Solbert Permutt. "The structural basis of airways hyperresponsiveness in asthma." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 1 (July 2006): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01190.2005.
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We hypothesized that structural airway remodeling contributes to airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Small, medium, and large airways were analyzed by computed tomography in 21 asthmatic volunteers under baseline conditions (FEV1 = 64% predicted) and after maximum response to albuterol (FEV1 = 76% predicted). The difference in pulmonary function between baseline and albuterol was an estimate of AHR to the baseline smooth muscle tone (BSMT). BSMT caused an increase in residual volume (RV) that was threefold greater than the decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) because of a simultaneous increase in total lung capacity (TLC). The decrease in FVC with BSMT was the major determinant of the baseline FEV1 ( P < 0.0001). The increase in RV correlated inversely with the relaxed luminal diameter of the medium airways ( P = 0.009) and directly with the wall thickness of the large airways ( P = 0.001). The effect of BSMT on functional residual capacity (FRC) controlled the change in TLC relative to the change in RV. When the FRC increased with RV, TLC increased and FVC was preserved. When the relaxed large airways were critically narrowed, FRC and TLC did not increase and FVC fell. With critical large airways narrowing, the FRC was already elevated from dynamic hyperinflation before BSMT and did not increase further with BSMT. FEV1/FVC in the absence of BSMT correlated directly with large airway luminal diameter and inversely with the fall in FVC with BSMT. These findings suggest that dynamic hyperinflation caused by narrowing of large airways is a major determinant of AHR in asthma.
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Abdelaal, Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed, Ehab Mohamed Abo El Soad Abd El Kafy, Mohamed Salah Eldien Mohamed Elayat, Mohamed Sabbahi, and Mohamed Salem Saed Badghish. "Changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis: observational cohort study." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517715375.
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Objective This observational cohort study aimed to evaluate ventilatory function (VF) and functional exercise capacity (FEC) in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged approximately 10 to 17 years (mean age: 13.43 ± 1.27 years), with a Cobb angle less than 20° (mean: 16.44° ± 1.59°), met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to group A. Another 34 healthy adolescents with normal VF and FEC served as controls (group B). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and FEC (by the 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) were the main outcome measures. Results Post-study mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT were 2.42 ± 0.36 L and 3.26 ± 0.59 L, 2.14 ± 0.31 L and 3.03 ± 0.43 L, 88.13% ± 3.89% and 91.14% ± 4.67%, 76.96 ± 6.85 L/m and 107.61 ± 11.44 L/m, and 581.12 ± 12.25 m and 627.74 ± 15.27 m in groups A and B, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT. Conclusion Mild pulmonary and functional restrictions start early in mild AIS. This issue requires immediate intervention to prevent further deterioration.
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Khan, Muhammad Omar, Muhammad Saddique Khan, Osman Janjua, Ahmed Ali, and Shahid Hussain. "Knowledge of radiation legislation and radiation exposure in common radiological investigations among final year medical students, foundation doctors, specialist radiology registrars and radiographers at a UK university teaching hospital." BJR|Open 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 20180014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20180014.
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Objective: Junior doctors routinely request radiological investigations for patients. Prior studies have noted that among this group there is a lack of knowledge on radiation legislation and radiation exposure in common radiological investigations. However, no studies have compared this against radiology trainees and radiographers. We compared knowledge of radiation legislation and radiation exposure in common radiological investigations among final year medical students (FYMS), foundation year doctors (FY1, FY2) against specialist radiology trainees (SRT) and radiographers (RG). Methods: A 12-question multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) was distributed to FYMS, FY1, FY2, SRT and RG at a UK teaching hospital. Questions assessed knowledge of radiation legislation and radiation-dose estimates of common radiological investigations. Mean MCQ scores were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test to determine statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). Results: 127 participants were included in the study. Mean scores (%) for FYMS (49.3%), FY1 (52.6%) and FY2 (51.1%) were significantly lower compared to SRT (64.4%) and RG (66.3%) (p-value < 0.05). Mean test scores between FYMS, FY1 and FY2 did not significantly differ (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: FYMS, FY1 and FY2 knowledge of radiation legislation and radiation exposure in common radiological investigations was poor compared to SRT and RG. Patients require knowledge of radiation risk to provide informed consent as per IRMER regulations, thus we propose formal teaching on the subject matter to promote radiation safety culture among medical undergraduates and postgraduates. Advances in knowledge: First study to compare knowledge of radiation legislation and radiation exposure in common radiological investigations between medical students and junior doctors to radiology trainees and radiographers.
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Bock, Hans, R. Dammel, and Darryl D. DesMarteau. "Gasphasen-Reaktionen, 59 [1, 2] Die Pyrolysen von Trifluormethylazid und Hexafluorazomethan / Gas Phase Reactions, 59 [1, 2] The Pyrolyses of Trifluoromethylazide and Hexafluoroazomethane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0310.
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Trifluoromethyl azide decomposes in a low-pressure flow system at rather high temperatures by splitting off N2. The nature of the resulting products depends largely on the wall material of the pyrolysis tube: using molybdenum above 1120 K, FCN is observed exclusively. Neither F2C=NF nor F3C-N=N-CF3 can be detected as intermediates by comparing their PE spectra with those continuously recorded while increasing the temperature. F3C-N = N - CF3 fragments already at 870 K to give N2 and F3C-CF3. The PE spectra of F3CN3 and F2C=NF are assigned based on MNDO calculations
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Symmans, W. Fraser, Caimiao Wei, Rebekah Gould, Xian Yu, Ya Zhang, Mei Liu, Andrew Walls, et al. "Long-Term Prognostic Risk After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Associated With Residual Cancer Burden and Breast Cancer Subtype." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 10 (April 1, 2017): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.63.1010.
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Purpose To determine the long-term prognosis in each phenotypic subset of breast cancer related to residual cancer burden (RCB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, or with concurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted treatment. Methods We conducted a pathologic review to measure the continuous RCB index (wherein pathologic complete response has RCB = 0; residual disease is categorized into three predefined classes of RCB index [RCB-I, RCB-II, and RCB-III]), and yp-stage of residual disease. Patients were prospectively observed for survival. Three patient cohorts received paclitaxel (T) followed by fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (T/FAC): original development cohort (T/FAC-1), validation cohort (T/FAC-2), and independent validation cohort (T/FAC-3). Another validation cohort received FAC chemotherapy only, and a fifth cohort received concurrent trastuzumab (H) with sequential paclitaxel and fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC; H+T/FEC). Phenotypic subsets were defined by hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status at diagnosis, classified as HR-positive/HER2-negative, HER2-positive (HR-negative/HER2-positive or HR-positive/HER2-positive), or triple receptor–negative. Relapse-free survival estimates were determined from Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Results Five cohorts (T/FAC-1 [n = 219], T/FAC-2 [n = 262], T/FAC-3 [n = 342], FAC [n = 132], and H+T/FEC [n = 203]) had median event-free follow-up of 13.5, 9.1, 6.8, 16.4, and 7.1 years, respectively. Continuous RCB index was prognostic within each phenotypic subset, independent of other clinical-pathologic variables. RCB classes stratified prognostic risk overall, within each phenotypic subset, and within yp-stage categories. Estimates of 10-year relapse-free survival rates in the four RCB classes (pathologic complete response, RCB-I, RCB-II, and RCB-III) were 86%, 81%, 55%, and 23% for triple receptor–negative; 83%, 97%, 74%, and 52% for HR-positive/HER2-negative in the combined T/FAC cohorts; and 95%, 77%, 47%, and 21% in the H+T/FEC cohort. Conclusion RCB was prognostic for long-term survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in all three phenotypic subsets of breast cancer. Our institutional findings should be externally validated.
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Sallam, Hossam El-Din M., Ahmed Elakhras, and Mohammad Seleem. "Fracture toughness of matrix cracked FRC and FGC beams using equivalent TPFM." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 60 (March 25, 2022): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.60.06.
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In the present work, the fracture toughness (KIC) of full-depth (FD) fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) and layered functionally graded concrete (FGC) matrix cracked (MC) beams has been determined by the equivalent relationships of the two-parameter fracture model (ETPFM). Forty-eight MC-FGC and MC-FD FRC beam specimens with span-depth ratios (L/d) equal 4, 5, and 6 were tested under the 3PB configuration. The MC length-depth ratio (ao/d) remained constant equal to one-third. All FRC beams have the same constitutes materials with hooked-end steel fiber volume fraction equals 1%. The FGC beams are composed of three equal layers, i.e., FRC in the bottom layer at the tension side, normal strength concrete (NSC) at the middle layer, and high strength concrete at the upper layer in the compression side. The results showed that the predicted values of KIC obtained from ETPFM are considered logic according to the maximum size of the non-damaged defect concept. The crack mouth opening displacement estimated from ETPFM showed acceptable values close to the present experimental results. The KIC values calculated within the presence of fibers in front of and through the MC for FRC beam specimens having 1% SFs is more than twice the value of NSC.
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Wasniowska, Kazimiera, Elwira Lisowska, Gregory R. Halverson, Asok Chaudhuri, and Marion E. Reid. "The Fya , Fy6 and Fy3 epitopes of the Duffy blood group system recognized by new monoclonal antibodies: identification of a linear Fy3 epitope." British Journal of Haematology 124, no. 1 (December 11, 2003): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04725.x.
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Peterson, Alexandra, and Hannah Monaghan. "Near-peer mentorship: a pilot programme to improve support for new doctors." BMJ Leader 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2018-000122.
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IntroductionTransition from medical student to Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctor is often challenging. New doctors commonly report feeling stressed and unsupported.1–4 In order to improve support for FY1s, we piloted a peer mentorship scheme. We evaluated the impact of having a near-peer mentor in Foundation Year 2 (FY2) in addition to the traditional Educational Supervisor on FY1s’ experience of their first year of practice.Methods190 Foundation Year doctors (FYs) volunteered (95 FY1s, 95 FY2s). FY1-FY2 dyads were assigned according to similar rotation assignments in the FY1 year. Dyads were encouraged to communicate informally as well as meet face-to-face three times over the one-year mentorship period. Feedback was sought regularly via online survey.ResultsResponse to a one-year evaluation survey was 32/95 FY1s, 65/95 FY2s. 94% of respondents reported having both mentor and Educational Supervisor was beneficial. 84.4% of FY1s reported ‘having a peer mentor helped [them] feel supported in the transition from medical student to FY1.' 99% of respondents recommended the programme should continue.The programme is currently running for a second year. 61% of 2017/2018 FY1 participants (58/95) have volunteered as FY2-mentors in 2018/2019.ConclusionsNear-peer mentorship enhances support for FY1 doctors. This intervention was widely accepted and received positive evaluations from participants. We provide a simple, low-cost model that could be replicated and adapted to improve support for doctors in training.
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Santana, Pauliane Vieira, Elena Prina, André Luis Pereira Albuquerque, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Carvalho, and Pedro Caruso. "Identifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility and diaphragm thickening in interstitial lung disease: the utility of ultrasound imaging." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 42, no. 2 (April 2016): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562015000000266.
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Objective: To investigate the applicability of ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: Using ultrasound, we compared ILD patients and healthy volunteers (controls) in terms of diaphragmatic mobility during quiet and deep breathing; diaphragm thickness at functional residual capacity (FRC) and at total lung capacity (TLC); and the thickening fraction (TF, proportional diaphragm thickening from FRC to TLC). We also evaluated correlations between diaphragmatic dysfunction and lung function variables. Results: Between the ILD patients (n = 40) and the controls (n = 16), mean diaphragmatic mobility was comparable during quiet breathing, although it was significantly lower in the patients during deep breathing (4.5 ± 1.7 cm vs. 7.6 ± 1.4 cm; p < 0.01). The patients showed greater diaphragm thickness at FRC (p = 0.05), although, due to lower diaphragm thickness at TLC, they also showed a lower TF (p < 0.01). The FVC as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC%) correlated with diaphragmatic mobility (r = 0.73; p < 0.01), and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% presented high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (81%) for indentifying decreased diaphragmatic mobility. Conclusions: Using ultrasound, we were able to show that diaphragmatic mobility and the TF were lower in ILD patients than in healthy controls, despite the greater diaphragm thickness at FRC in the former. Diaphragmatic mobility correlated with ILD functional severity, and an FVC% cut-off value of < 60% was found to be highly accurate for indentifying diaphragmatic dysfunction on ultrasound.
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Chapman, David G., Norbert Berend, Gregory G. King, Brent E. McParland, and Cheryl M. Salome. "Deep inspirations protect against airway closure in nonasthmatic subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00202.2009.
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The mechanism by which deep inspirations protect against increased airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects is not known. The aim was to investigate the role of airway closure and airway narrowing in deep inspiration bronchoprotection. Twelve nonasthmatic and nine asthmatic subjects avoided deep inspirations (DI) for 20 min, then took five DI expired to functional residual capaciy (DI-FRC) or, on a separate day, no DI (no DI) before inhaling a single dose of methacholine. On another day, eight nonasthmatic subjects took five DI expired to residual volume (DI-RV). Peripheral airway function was measured by respiratory system reactance (Xrs), using the forced oscillation technique, and by forced vital capacity (FVC) as an index of airway closure. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC were measured as indexes of airway narrowing. In nonasthmatic subjects, DI-FRC reduced the response measured by FEV1 ( P = 0.019), Xrs ( P = 0.02), and FVC ( P = 0.0005) but not by Rrs ( P = 0.15) or FEV1/FVC ( P = 0.52) compared with no DI. DI-RV had a less protective effect than DI-FRC on response measured by FEV1 ( P = 0.04) and FVC ( P = 0.016). There was no difference between all protocols when the response was measured by Xrs ( P = 0.20), Rrs ( P = 0.88), or FEV1/FVC ( P = 0.88). DI had no effect on methacholine response in asthmatic subjects. DI protect against airway responsiveness through an effect on peripheral airways involving reduced airway closure. The protective effect of DI on FEV1 and FVC was abolished by expiration to residual volume. We speculate that the reduced airway closure is due to reduced baseline ventilation heterogeneity and/or reduced airway surface tension.
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Berrada, N., R. Conforti, S. Delaloge, M. Spielmann, and F. Andre. "Use of molecular classification combined with p53 and topoisomerase IIa expression to identify tumors highly responsive to FEC regimen: A tissue microarray." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.546.
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546 Background: Identification of highly responsive tumors to specific regimen is needed in order to better tailor post-operative chemotherapy regimen. We previously reported using a tissue microarrays that basal-like and HER2-overexpressing tumors derive higher benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy than luminal-like tumors. Previous studies have reported that p53+/basal-like tumors, and HER2+/topoisomerase IIa + tumors were highly sensitive to alkylating agents and anthracyclines respectively. In the present study, we have evaluated whether p53+/basal-like and HER2+TopIIa+ tumors derive high benefit from an alkylating/anthracyclines based chemotherapy. Methods: A tissue microarrays was built with tumor samples from 823 patients randomized between FEC/FAC regimen and no chemotherapy. Basal-like breast cancers were defined as HER2-/ER-/EGFR+ and/or CK5/6+ tumors. HER2-overexpressing were defined using HER2 expression by IHC (3+ score). P53 and topoisomerase IIa expression were assessed by IHC. Treatment effect was assessed by Cox model that included prognostic parameters and stratification variables. Predictive value for treatment effect were assessed by interaction test and test for heterogeneity. Results: 823 patients were included. 12.5% and 12.9% patients presented a basal-like and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer respectively. P53 and topoisomerase IIa were expressed in 20% and 35% patients. Hazard ratio for relapse associated with FEC/FAC regimen was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.62–1). Hazard ratio associated with FEC/FAC were 0.31 (0.1–0.97 ) and 1.19 (0.38–3.7 ) in patients with p53+/basal-like and p53- basal-like breast cancer. A p53/basal-based classification was associated with a trend for heterogeneity (p = 0.15). Hazard ratio associated with FEC/FAC were 0.34 (0.11–1.0 ) and 1.27(0.32–4.9) in patients with topIIa+/HER2+ and topIIa-/HER2+ breast cancer. A HER2/TopIIa classification was associated with a trend for heterogeneity (p = 0.07). Conclusions: The present study suggest that p53+/basal-like cancer and TopIIA+/HER2 cancers derive high benefit from adjuvant FEC/FAC regimen. This finding requires further validation given multihypothesis testing and subgroup analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Silva, Flávio H. J. R., Renato B. L. Guedes, Luis F. C. Alberto, and Newton G. Bretas. "Função energia generalizada de controle para estabilização de sistemas não lineares." Sba: Controle & Automação Sociedade Brasileira de Automatica 20, no. 2 (June 2009): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-17592009000200002.
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Neste trabalho, o conceito de função de Lyapunov de controle é estendido em duas direções principais. Na primeira direção, o conceito de função energia de controle (FEC) é proposto com o objetivo de não somente projetar leis de controle estabilizantes para sistemas não lineares mas também com o objetivo de fornecer uma estimativa da região de estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada. A FLC garante estabilidade local de um certo ponto de equilíbrio do sistema em malha fechada, mas usualmente não fornece estimativasótimas da região de estabilidade. O conceito de FEC é mais exigente que o conceito de FLC. Além de garantir estabilidade local do equilíbrio, a FEC fornece informações globais a respeito dos conjuntos limites e estimativas ótimas das regiões de estabilidade. A segunda direção está relacionada com o fato de que, em geral, é difícil encontrar FLC ou FEC para muitos sistemas não lineares. De forma a minimizar este problema e aplicar õ conceito de CEF em uma classe maior de sistemas, propõe-se neste artigo o conceito de função energia generalizada de controle (FEGC). A FEGC permite o projeto de controladores mesmo quando a derivada da função energia é positiva em algumas regiões limitadas do espaço de estados.
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Dębska-ślizień, A., A. Kawecka, K. Wojnarowski, J. Prajs, S. Malgorzewicz, D. Kunicka, Z. Zdrojewski, W. Lysiak-Szydłowska, J. Lipiński, and B. Rutkowski. "Correlation between Plasma Carnitine, Muscle Carnitine and Glycogen Levels in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients." International Journal of Artificial Organs 23, no. 2 (February 2000): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880002300205.
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Chronic hemodialysis (HD) may lead to losses of carnitine from plasma and muscle. Plasma carnitine does not reflect the body content of carnitine. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of total and free plasma and muscle carnitine concentrations (TPC, FPC, TMC, FMC), muscle glycogen and the relationship between plasma and tissue carnitine content and the basic indices of lipid metabolism in HD patients. The studies were conducted in two groups: the first one consisted of 37 HD patients (19 F, 18 M), the second one served as the control and was composed of 29 (10 F, 19 M) patients with healthy kidneys. Tissue specimens in HD patients were taken during surgery on arterio-venous fistula from brachioradial muscle. Carnitine and glycogen measurements were performed using enzymatic methods according to Cederblad and Huijng respectively. Total cholesterol (CH), HDL-CH, and triglycerides were assayed by enzymatic commercial test system (Boehringer-Mannheim, Germany). To summarise, we found the following phenomena in our HD patients in comparison with the controls: 1) In plasma: similar TPC but decreased FPC levels and FPC/TPC ratio which may suggest free carnitine deficiency. 2) In muscle: significantly lower TMC and FMC levels but normal FMC/TMC ratio. 3) Negative correlation between TMC and FMC levels and duration of dialysis treatment. 4) No correlation between plasma and muscle carnitine concentration. 5) Significantly higher concentration of muscle glycogen which could be explained by the changes in the structure of muscle fibres in HD patients and/or lower physical activity. 6) A positive correlation between FPC/APC or FPC/TPC ratio and HDL-CH in HD patients which may suggest that an appropriate proportion between free and acylcarnitines may influence HDL-CH levels in that population. (Int J Artif Organs 2000; 23: 90–6)
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Shehnaz, Syed Ilyas, Jayadevan Sreedharan, and Kadayam Guruswami Gomathi. "Does curricular change improve faculty perceptions of student experiences with the educational environment? A preliminary study in an institution undergoing curricular change." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 11 (April 26, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.7.
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Purpose: College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates, underwent a major curriculum change from a discipline-based to an organ system-based integrated curriculum. However, it was not known how the faculty perceived the changes in the educational environment as experienced by the students. In this context, we aimed to compare the faculty perceptions of the student experiences in the discipline-based curriculum with those in the organ system-based integrated curriculum.Methods: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was modified to assess faculty perceptions of the student experiences, pilot-tested, and administered to all faculty members (n=28) involved in the discipline-based curriculum (FDC) in January 2009. In the subsequent year, data were collected from the same faculty involved in the new integrated curriculum (FIC). Collected data were transferred to Predictive Analytics Software version 18. Total, domain, and individual statement scores were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Percentage agreement, disagreement, and uncertainty were assessed by the McNemar’s test for proportion.Results: The mean total DREEM score was significantly higher (P<0.001) for FIC (139/200) as compared to FDC (119/200). The FIC perceived significantly more positive student experiences with the educational environment as indicated by the domain scores and statement scores. The differences in proportions of agreement between FIC and FDC also reinforced that the FIC perceived more positive student experiences with the educational environment.Conclusion: The study showed that the faculty perceived the organ system-based integrated curriculum as providing a better educational environment for the students than the discipline based curriculum.
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Djelamda, Imene, and Ilhem Bochareb. "Field-oriented control based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for PMSM dedicated to electric vehicle." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 1892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.3818.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control is generally done using flux-oriented control, which uses conventional proportional-integral (PI) current regulators, but still remain the problem of calculating the coefficients of these regulators, particularly in the case of control hybridization, the development of artificial intelligence has simplified many calculations while giving more accurate, and improved results, this paper presents and compares the performance of the flux oriented control (FOC) of a PMSM powered by pulse width modulation (PWM) using PI regulator, fuzzy logic control (FLC) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), in this work we present another approach of a neuro ANFIS using the hybrid combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks. This ANFIS is a very powerful tool and can be applied to various engineering problems. To make up for the deficiency of fuzzy logic controller. To understand the performance, characteristics, and influence of each controller on the system response, we use MATLAB/Simulink to model a PMSM (0.5 kW) powered by a three-phase inverter and controlled by the FOC, FOC-FLC, and FOC-ANFIS.
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Bosello, Silvia, Umberto Basile, Enrico De Lorenzis, Francesca Gulli, Giovanni Canestrari, Cecilia Napodano, Federico Parisi, et al. "Free light chains of immunoglobulins in patients with systemic sclerosis: correlations with lung involvement and inflammatory milieu." Journal of Clinical Pathology 71, no. 7 (January 31, 2018): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204656.
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AimHumoral immunity and B cells are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the systemic sclerosis (SSc). The production of free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins is abnormally high in several pathological autoimmune conditions and reflects B cell activation. Furthermore, FLCs demonstrated different biological activities including their capability to modulate the immune system, proteolytic activity and complement cascade activation. The aims of this study are to determine the FLC levels in patients with SSc compared with healthy controls (HC) and to study their possible association with organ involvement and disease characteristics.MethodsSixty-five patients with SSc and 20 HC were studied. Clinical and immunological inflammatory characteristics were assessed for all the patients with SSc. κ-FLC and λ-FLC, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and B cell activating factor levels were measured.ResultsThe mean serum κ-FLC levels and FLC ratio were significantly higher in patients with SSc compared with HC, while the serum λ-FLC levels were comparable.The levels of FLC were comparable in patients with diffuse skin disease and limited skin involvement, while κ-FLC levels were increased in patients with restrictive lung (forced vital capacity (FVC) <80%) disease (26.4±7.4 mg/L) when compared with patients with FVC ≥80% (19.6±7.3 mg/L, P=0.009). In patients with SSc, the levels of serum κ-FLC level directly correlated with the IL-6 levels (R=0.3, P=0.001) and disease activity (R=0.4, P=0.003).ConclusionsFLC levels are elevated in SSc and high levels are associated with lung involvement and with a higher degree of inflammation, supporting a possible role of B cell activation in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Supprasert, Warunsicha, and Piyathida Khajornchaikul. "Capacity Enhancement of Family Development Centre Staff in Early Childhood Language Learning." Asian Social Science 17, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n8p23.
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This study aimed to identify effective plans using the Future Search Conference (FSC) approach to enhance the Thai Family Development Centre (FDC) staff in early childhood language promotion through good parenting. Data from, 55 stakeholders FDC staff, district and local health centres, Child Care Centres (CCCs), and local authorities from 10 villages of rural subdistricts in a central Thai province, Thailand, checked for correctness and analyzed using thematic analysis, alongside field notes from observations, worksheets, videotape records, and photo voice. Results revealed that applying FSC techniques created a common future and successfully helped participants to understand past situations clearly and factors related to the problem. Three key strategies emerged to enhance FDC staff capacity including 1) organising ongoing training workshops to enhance staff knowledge and skills needed to achieve effective work performance, 2) building teamwork and 3) developing staff morale for working.
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Roos, Viktoria, Mark A. Schembri, Glen C. Ulett, and Per Klemm. "Asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 carries mutations in the foc locus and is unable to express F1C fimbriae." Microbiology 152, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28711-0.
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Escherichia coli is the most common organism associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). In contrast to uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), which causes symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI), very little is known about the mechanisms by which these strains colonize the urinary tract. Bacterial adhesion conferred by specific surface-associated adhesins is normally considered as a prerequisite for colonization of the urinary tract. The prototype ABU E. coli strain 83972 was originally isolated from a girl who had carried it asymptomatically for 3 years. This study characterized the molecular status of one of the primary adhesion factors known to be associated with UTI, namely F1C fimbriae, encoded by the foc gene cluster. F1C fimbriae recognize receptors present in the human kidney and bladder. Expression of the foc genes was found to be up-regulated in human urine. It was also shown that although strain 83972 contains a seemingly intact foc gene cluster, F1C fimbriae are not expressed. Sequencing and genetic complementation revealed that the focD gene, encoding a component of the F1C transport and assembly system, was non-functional, explaining the inability of strain 83972 to express this adhesin. The data imply that E. coli 83972 has lost its ability to express this important colonization factor as a result of host-driven evolution. The ancestor of the strain seems to have been a pyelonephritis strain of phylogenetic group B2. Strain 83972 therefore represents an example of bacterial adaptation from pathogenicity to commensalism through virulence factor loss.
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Salgado, Jordana Andrioli, Marcelo Beltrão Molento, Cristina Santos Sotomaior, Laila Talarico Dias, Luciana Laitano Dias de Castro, Laura Derenevicz Faisca, and Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro. "Endoparasite and nutritional status of Suffolk lambs in seven production systems." Animal Production Science 58, no. 9 (2018): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16437.
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Lambs are the most susceptible category for parasite infections; therefore, the choice of the production system can influence nutritional status and reduce parasite infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the endoparasites and nutritional status of meat lambs in seven production systems. In the feedlot, they were (S1) early weaned lambs in feedlot and (S2) unweaned lambs in feedlot with controlled suckling. On pasture, they were (S3) early weaned lambs on pasture without supplementation, (S4) early weaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation post-weaning, (S5) unweaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture, (S6) unweaned lambs on pasture with concentrate supplementation and creep-feeding and (S7) unweaned lambs on pasture with free access to creep-grazing on white clover (Trifolium repens). Suffolk lambs (n = 132) were evaluated from 45 to 101 days of age, at 14-day intervals (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days). Parasite faecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA score (FMC), average daily weight-gain and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. The animals were treated with anthelmintics when they had FMC 3, 4 or 5 and/or FEC above 700. BCS and FEC (r = –0.361) and BCS and FMC variables (r = –0.313) were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.01). FEC was lower in feedlot and in creep-feeding animals than in the other systems after the second evaluation (28 days). The weaned feedlot-lamb and controlled-suckling systems presented the best performance. On pasture, the animals in creep-feeding and creep-grazing had the best performance. Weaned and unsupplemented lambs on pasture had the lowest daily weight-gain (63 g/day) and the highest FMC scores (43% of animals) and the lowest BCS (mean 1.5). The endoparasite and nutritional statuses of the lambs were strongly correlated and were influenced by the production system, mainly when the ewes were present and the lambs received supplementation on pasture.
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Tarte, Karin, Patricia Ame-Thomas, Hélène Maby, Sylvie Caulet-Maugendre, Rachel Jean, Céline Monvoisin, Thierry Lamy, and Thierry Fest. "Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Precursors of Functional Fibroblastic Reticular Cells: Implications for the Physiopathology of Secondary Lymphoid Organs." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2310.2310.
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Abstract Several subsets of stromal cells are found among secondary lymphoid organs where they play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of immune response. In particular, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) of the paracortex secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) components that constitute a dense network of conduits allowing antigens carried within the subcapsular afferent lymph to reach the lumen of the medullary high endothelial venules. FRC produce also several chemokines that recruit T, B, and dendritic cells from blood and favour their reciprocal interactions. In addition, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are located exclusively into germinal centers and allow normal B-cell selection through a complex set of survival signals, including BCR-mediated signal, chemokines and adhesion molecules. FRC and FDC networks are phenotypically and probably functionally altered during development of follicular lymphomas and diffuse large B cell lymphomas, the two most frequent Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. FRC and FDC are supposed to be of mesenchymal origin even if no conclusive work has been conducted to date in human. We have obtained 15 tonsil-derived stromal cell lines, that displayed all the morphologic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of FRC, including synthesis of inflammatory (CXCL10, CXCL9, CCL5) and lymph-node specific (CCL19, CCL21) chemokines, and secretion of ECM organized in a reticular meshwork after long-term culture in the presence of TNF-α and lymphotoxin-α1β2 (LT). These cells induced tonsil leukocyte migration and adhesion in vitro. Tonsil-derived stromal cells expressed LTβR, TNFR, and CD40 but were negative for FDC specific markers, such as CD21 or CXCL13, even following in vitro stimulation by TNF-α, LT, and trimeric CD40L. Interestingly, such TNF and LT-dependent FRC differentiation could also be induced in adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In addition, MSC-like cells able to differentiate along osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages at the clonal level were found in normal tonsils. These data shed new lights on our current understanding of lymph node stromal cell origin and strongly suggest that MSC are the precursors of FRC in secondary lymphoid organs, and perhaps in bone marrow in case of FL involvement where ectopic lymph node-like stromal cells are detected in close association with tumor cells. In conclusion, MSC and their progeny trigger differential immune effects, depending on cytokine context, localization and cell contact with immune cells. These properties are probably modified during lymphomas where the contact between malignant B cells and stromal cells is crucial for tumor development.
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Yan, Xiaofei, Mingjun Liu, Sangang He, Ting Tong, Yiyong Liu, Keqi Ding, Haifeng Deng, and Peiming Wang. "An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria coccidia infections in different populations of Kazakh sheep." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251307.
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This is an epidemiological study on the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) and Eimeria coccidia infections in Kazakh sheep and the F1 and F2 generations of Kazakh × Texel sheep crosses. A total of 7599 sheep fecal samples were collected from the Zhaosu County and Nilka County in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in the four seasons-spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019. The parasite causing the infection was identified by the saturated saline floating method, and the infection intensity was calculated by the modified McMaster method. SPSS19.0 was used to evaluate the differences in the fecal egg count (FEC) of for GIN and the fecal oocyst count (FOC) value of for coccidia per sample. The results showed that there were nine types of sheep GIN infections and Eimeria coccidia in these two counties of Ililocations, with the dominant parasite species of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., and Ostertagia spp as the predominant parasites in the sheep. Most of the GIN and coccidia infections in these two regions were mild and moderate. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection in the Zhaosu area was significantly higher than that in the Nilka area, whereas the mean log (FOC) of coccidia infection in Zhaosu was significantly lower than that of Nilka. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection in the four seasons was the highest in spring, followed by in summer, then in autumn, and the lowest in winter. The mean log (FOC) of coccidia infection was the highest in spring, followed by in autumn, and was the lowest in summer and winter. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection and log (FOC) of coccidia infection of Kazakh sheep was significantly higher than the F1 generation, which was then significantly higher than the F2 generation of summer. A positive correlation was found between the EPG and OPG levels in the sheep. These results showed that the GIN and coccidia infection intensities of the F1 generation sheep of Kazakh ×Texel crosses were significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep paving the way for marker-based resistance selection.
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Lai, Junyu, James C. F. Li, Alireza Abdollahpouri, Jianhua Zhang, and Ming Lei. "A Fairness-Based Access Control Scheme to Optimize IPTV Fast Channel Changing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207402.
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IPTV services are typically featured with a longer channel changing delay compared to the conventional TV systems. The major contributor to this lies in the time spent on intraframe (I-frame) acquisition during channel changing. Currently, most widely adopted fast channel changing (FCC) methods rely on promptly transmitting to the client (conducting the channel changing) a retained I-frame of the targeted channel as a separate unicasting stream. However, this I-frame acceleration mechanism has an inherent scalability problem due to the explosions of channel changing requests during commercial breaks. In this paper, we propose a fairness-based admission control (FAC) scheme for the original I-frame acceleration mechanism to enhance its scalability by decreasing the bandwidth demands. Based on the channel changing history of every client, the FAC scheme can intelligently decide whether or not to conduct the I-frame acceleration for each channel change request. Comprehensive simulation experiments demonstrate the potential of our proposed FAC scheme to effectively optimize the scalability of the I-frame acceleration mechanism, particularly in commercial breaks. Meanwhile, the FAC scheme only slightly increases the average channel changing delay by temporarily disabling FCC (i.e., I-frame acceleration) for the clients who are addicted to frequent channel zapping.
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Wang, Ying, Huilai Li, Wanli Zuo, Fengling He, Xin Wang, and Kerui Chen. "Research on discovering deep web entries." Computer Science and Information Systems 8, no. 3 (2011): 779–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis100322028w.
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Ontology plays an important role in locating Domain-Specific Deep Web contents, therefore, this paper presents a novel framework WFF for efficiently locating Domain-Specific Deep Web databases based on focused crawling and ontology by constructing Web Page Classifier(WPC), Form Structure Classifier(FSC) and Form Content Classifier(FCC) in a hierarchical fashion. Firstly, WPC discovers potentially interesting pages based on ontology-assisted focused crawler. Then, FSC analyzes the interesting pages and determines whether these pages subsume searchable forms based on structural characteristics. Lastly, FCC identifies searchable forms that belong to a given domain in the semantic level, and stores these URLs of Domain- Specific searchable forms to a database. Through a detailed experimental evaluation, WFF framework not only simplifies discovering process, but also effectively determines Domain-Specific databases.
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Whitley, Niki C., Tony Hazard, Chelsea Pulsifer, Phaneendra Batchu, Brou Kouakou, and Thomas H. Terrill. "Effect of ‘Serala’ Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) Hay on Gastrointestinal Parasite Fecal Egg and Oocysts Counts and Packed Cell Volume in Goats." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.081.
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Abstract Fifty-two naturally parasite-infected intact male Spanish goats 6–7 mo of age were used in a 6-wk trial to investigate effects of ‘Serala’ (SER) sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism. Goats were individually housed in 1.5 x 1.5 m pens. Treatments were pure SER (n = 18) or ‘AU-Grazer’ (AUG; n = 16) varieties of SL or bermudagrass hay (n = 18; CON) at 75% of the ration. A corn-soybean meal-based supplement (25% of the ration) ensured isonitrogenous (17% crude protein), isocaloric diets. Diets were fed to 10% orts. Treatments were assigned for similar initial group mean fecal egg count (FEC). At the start of the study (D 0) and weekly thereafter, FEC and coccidia oocyst counts (FOC) were conducted via a modified McMaster’s technique [eggs per gram (epg); oocysts per gram (opg)], and percentage packed red blood cell volume (PCV) was measured via microhematocrit centrifugation. Data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures. There was a treatment by time interaction (P < 0.001) for FEC. In week 1, SER and AUG were lower (P < 0.02) than CON and were higher than control at week 6 (AUG tendency only, P < 0.10; SER, P < 0.02). The FOC were impacted by treatment (P < 0.008), averaging 1977 ± 945 opg for AUG (lowest, P < 0.01), 3558 ± 876 opg for SER and 4164 ± 955 opg for CON (SER and CON similar). Percentage PCV tended (P < 0.09) to be influenced by a treatment by time interaction in which AUG and SER were similar over time, while PCV for CON animals was lower (P < 0.03) than D 0 at all sampling points after the first week. Overall, there was no effect of SER on FEC or FOC and no effect of AUG on FEC, though PCV was maintained throughout the study for both SL treatments.
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Polewski, P., W. Yao, M. Heurich, P. Krzystek, and U. Stilla. "FREE SHAPE CONTEXT DESCRIPTORS OPTIMIZED WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE DETECTION OF DEAD TREE TRUNKS IN ALS POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (August 19, 2015): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-41-2015.
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In this paper, a new family of shape descriptors called Free Shape Contexts (FSC) is introduced to generalize the existing 3D Shape Contexts. The FSC introduces more degrees of freedom than its predecessor by allowing the level of complexity to vary between its parts. Also, each part of the FSC has an associated activity state which controls whether the part can contribute a feature value. We describe a method of evolving the FSC parameters for the purpose of creating highly discriminative features suitable for detecting specific objects in sparse point clouds. The evolutionary process is built on a genetic algorithm (GA) which optimizes the parameters with respect to cross-validated overall classification accuracy. The GA manipulates both the structure of the FSC and the activity flags, allowing it to perform an implicit feature selection alongside the structure optimization by turning off segments which do not augment the discriminative capabilities. We apply the proposed descriptor to the problem of detecting single standing dead tree trunks from ALS point clouds. The experiment, carried out on a set of 285 objects, reveals that an FSC optimized through a GA with manually tuned recombination parameters is able to attain a classification accuracy of 84.2%, yielding an increase of 4.2 pp compared to features derived from eigenvalues of the 3D covariance matrix. Also, we address the issue of automatically tuning the GA recombination metaparameters. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) which dynamically adjusts the magnitude of the recombination effects is co-evolved with the FSC parameters in a two-tier evolution scheme. We find that it is possible to obtain an FLC which retains the classification accuracy of the manually tuned variant, thereby limiting the need for guessing the appropriate meta-parameter values.