Journal articles: 'FYR Macedonia'

1

Shamloo, Maral. "Inflation Dynamics in FYR Macedonia." IMF Working Papers 11, no. 287 (2011): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781463927219.001.

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Efremov, G., and I. Angelov. "Plant Biotechnology in FYR Macedonia." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 9, no. 2-3 (1995): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1995.10818851.

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Tieman, Alexander F. "The Electricity Sector in FYR Macedonia." IMF Working Papers 11, no. 30 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455216772.001.

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Sanev, Goran. "Red-figure vases in the FYR Macedonia." Revue archéologique 55, no. 1 (2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/arch.131.0003.

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Hristov, Jordan, Aleksandra Martinovska-Stojcheska, and Yves Surry. "The Economic Role of Water in FYR Macedonia: An Input–Output Analysis and Implications for the Western Balkan Countries." Water Economics and Policy 02, no. 04 (2016): 1650025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x16500259.

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Sustainable management of water resources is imperative in the Western Balkan (WB) region, due to the seasonal, spatial and quality distribution of these resources. This paper analyzed water consumption and associated relationships between the economic sectors in Macedonia in 2005, based on input–output (IO) analysis. Using an environmentally extended IO framework, water consumption was investigated by developing several indicators. Disaggregation of the agriculture sector into 11 sub-sectors, combined with backward and forward linkage analysis, allowed us to identify rice, fruits, grapes and wine, other crop and cattle production as key water-consuming sub-sectors. The developed indicators revealed a high proportion of direct water consumption in agriculture and some other non-agricultural sectors such as mining and quarrying, other mining and quarrying products, food products and beverages as well as electrical machinery, which imposed significant pressure on natural water resources in Macedonia. Therefore, changes in production technology and specializations in Macedonia toward less water-intensive options are needed to ease the pressure on natural water resources. Extending the existing water pricing policy to capture economic, social and environmental aspects should also be considered. Moreover, the development and construction of water accounts and the disaggregation procedure have valuable implications for the WB countries. Applications elsewhere following this Macedonian example can provide a meaningful understanding of the role of water and interdependencies at regional level and increase awareness of the water resource availability at trans-boundary scale.

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Stojanovska, Zdenka, Jovan Januseski, Peter Bossew, Zora S. Zunic, Tore Tollefsen, and Mimoza Ristova. "Seasonal indoor radon concentration in FYR of Macedonia." Radiation Measurements 46, no. 6-7 (2011): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.04.022.

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Nikolovska, Margareta. "Employment, education, and emigration: the FYR of Macedonia." Higher Education in Europe 29, no. 3 (2004): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0379772042000331606.

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Spehar, Andrea. "This Far, but No Further?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 26, no. 2 (2011): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325411429742.

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The European Union (EU) is one of the world’s most important policy promoters for gender equality. This article examines the benefits and limitations of EU gender equality policy making in two Western Balkan countries, Croatia and FYR Macedonia. Besides analyzing specific gender policy developments that can be attributed to the EU, particular focus is put on the women’s movement activists’ perceptions of the impact that accession may have on women and gender equality. The study demonstrates that while the Croatian and Macedonian EU accession processes have been beneficial to the introduction of new gender legislation and institutional mechanisms for the advancement of gender equality, the EU gender strategy has also shown serious limitations. Among these—and perhaps the most fundamental—is the strong contrast between stated goals and their actual implementation. I argue that unless profound institutional changes as well as changes in political culture take place in Croatia and Macedonia, the poor compliance with EU gender equality norms and policies will be hard to overcome.

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Hristov, Jordan, Aleksandra Martinovska-Stojcheska, and Yves Surry. "Virtual water and input–output framework: an alternative method for assessing trade and water consumption in FYR Macedonia." Water Supply 15, no. 2 (2014): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.118.

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This study analyzed direct and indirect relationships in water consumption by Macedonian economic sectors using virtual water in an input–output framework. Macedonia was found to be characterized by intensive water consumption, with some sectors having a significant virtual water content in their products. Virtual water multipliers were used to analyze the trade balance and determine whether national commercial trade strategies are in line with Heckscher–Ohlin (HO) theory. It was found that Macedonia trade strategies in terms of virtual water were generally in line with HO theory. However, as a consequence of significant exports and high virtual water content in vegetables, fruit, grapes and sheep and goat products within the agriculture sector and in food and basic metal products in the manufacturing sector, the region was a net exporter of virtual water, losing about 124 million m3 of water at 2005 level or 18% of total water consumption. Reducing exports of the most water-intensive products with significant net positive exports would result in substantial water savings of 42% of total water consumption. The results presented here can help policy makers in promoting production specializations that are more environmentally sustainable or in redesigning existing water pricing policies at national level to encourage rational use of water.

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Bojnec, Š. "Agricultural and rural capital markets in Turkey, Croatia and the FYR of Macedonia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 11 (2012): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/195/2011-agricecon.

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This paper analyses the agricultural and rural capital factor markets in the three European Union (EU) candidate countries: Turkey, Croatia and the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia. Agricultural and rural capital markets share similarities with the general capital market developments, but agricultural and rural capital markets are facing specific credit constraints related to agricultural assets and rural fixed asset specificities, which constrain their mortgages and collateral use. Credit constraints form a limited access to the investment credits necessary for the restructuring of small-scale individual farms. Government transfers are used to differing extents in the different candidate countries, but generally they tend to increase over time. Remittances and donor funds have also played an important role in the agricultural and rural economy investments.

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Carcev, M., D. Gjorgev, F. Tozija, and H. Petanovski. "Content of Fluorine in Drinking Water in FYR Macedonia." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 1 (2014): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0005.

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Abstract From all the methods applied in preventing dental caries, the most significant is the use of fluorides. Nowadays, 6 decades after its massive use, it can certainly be argued that it is the most efficient, cheapest and safest way of preventing dental caries, confirmed by more than 150 longitudinal studies. In order to determine the presence of fluorides in drinking water, in coordination with the Institute for Public Health of the FYR Macedonia in 2009, we conducted a research for determining the presence of fluorides in drinking water from the public water supply in the country. The results from the research showed that concentration of fluorine in drinking water in our country is under 0.3ppm (0.3 mg per litre of water), which indicates a really low amount in accordance to the WHO standards. Optimal concentration was registered in only few water supply facilities in less settled areas, while hyper-fluorinated water was registered in few village wells, which were put out of use after they were located.

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Ramadani, Veland, Shqipe Gërguri, Gadaf Rexhepi, and Selajdin Abduli. "Innovation and Economic Development: The Case of FYR of Macedonia." Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 15, no. 3 (2013): 324–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2013.789326.

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Cvetković, D., B. Bobić, G. Jankovska, I. Klun, N. Panovski, and O. Djurković-Djaković. "Risk factors forToxoplasmainfection in pregnant women in FYR of Macedonia." Parasite 17, no. 3 (2010): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2010173183.

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14

Deltshev, Christo, Marjan Komnenov, Gergin Blagoev, et al. "Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia)." Biodiversity Data Journal 1 (September 16, 2013): e977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.1.e977.

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15

Bellou, Fotini. "Strategic rebellion: ethnic conflict in FYR Macedonia and the Balkans." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 13, no. 1 (2013): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2013.773188.

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Njegomir, Vladimir, Boris Marovic, and Rado Maksimovic. "The economic crisis and the insurance industry: The evidence from the ex-Yugoslavia region." Ekonomski anali 55, no. 185 (2010): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1085129n.

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The paper analyses the impact of the economic crisis on the insurance industries of the ex-Yugoslavia region. The analysis encompasses five countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and FYR Macedonia. We examine insurance industry specifics separately for each country for the period 2004-2008 and for the first six months of 2009. While the impact of the crisis varies between countries, the research results indicate that the global financial crisis has had limited overall impact on the regional insurance industry. However the current recession resulted in negative premium growth in Serbia, Croatia and FYR Macedonia while the growth in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declined. At the same time investment returns have declined and claims have risen in all countries. The crisis had more pronounced impact on non-life insurance premium growth in less developed insurance markets. In developed markets, namely Slovenia and Croatia, the crisis had greater impact on life insurance premium growth.

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Bitzenis, Aristidis, John Marangos, and Valentina Nuskova. "Motives for Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector in FYR Macedonia." Post-Communist Economies 19, no. 4 (2007): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631370701680337.

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18

Williams, Colin C., Rositsa Dzhekova, Josip Franic, and Lyubo Mishkov. "Evaluating the policy approach towards the undeclared economy in FYR Macedonia." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 24, no. 2 (2015): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2015.067291.

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19

Huber, Martin, Ana Kotevska, Aleksandra Martinovska Stojcheska, and Anna Solovyeva. "Evaluating an Information Campaign about Rural Development Policies in FYR Macedonia." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 48, no. 1 (2018): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2018.4.

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This study investigates the effects of a local information campaign on farmers’ interest in a rural development programme (RDP) in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The results suggest that while our intervention succeeded in informing farmers, it had a negative, albeit only marginally significant, effect on the reported possibility of using future RDP support. This puzzling result can be attributed to increased awareness of administrative burden associated with RDP participation. An additional heterogeneity analysis suggests the negative effect is driven by unprofitable farmers who are averse to any administrative encumbrance, for whom upfront cofinancing of an RDP is untenable.

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Bojnec, Štefan. "Rural labour market policies in Croatia, FYR of Macedonia and Turkey." Journal of Economic Policy Reform 16, no. 2 (2013): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2013.780972.

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21

Stojanovska, Z., J. Januseski, B. Boev, and M. Ristova. "Indoor exposure of population to radon in the FYR of Macedonia." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 148, no. 2 (2011): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr030.

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22

WILLIAMS, COLIN C., and SLAVKO BEZEREDI. "AN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY OF INFORMAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOME LESSONS FROM FYR MACEDONIA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 23, no. 03 (2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108494671850019x.

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In recent years, a new institutionalist theory has emerged to explain the prevalence of informal sector entrepreneurship. This argues that formal institutional failures lead to the emergence of an asymmetry between the formal rules (laws and regulations) and the norms, values and beliefs of entrepreneurs regarding the acceptability of participating in the informal sector, which in turn leads to the prevalence of informal entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to evaluate this social actor approach by reporting evidence from 453 face-to-face interviews with a nationally representative sample of entrepreneurs in FYR Macedonia. This reveals not only a significant association between participation in the informal economy and the non-alignment of entrepreneurs’ views with the formal rules, but specific formal institutional failings that are significantly associated with the acceptability of informal entrepreneurship, namely poor quality public services, a lack of tax fairness, corruption and instability in the formal institutions. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.

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23

Karamanlidis, Alexandros A., Aleksandar Stojanov, Miguel de Gabriel Hernando, et al. "Distribution and genetic status of brown bears in FYR Macedonia: implications for conservation." Acta Theriologica 59, no. 1 (2013): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-013-0147-8.

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Williams, Colin C., and Slavko Bezeredi. "Explaining and Tackling Under-Declared Employment in FYR Macedonia: The Employers Perspective." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 13, no. 2 (2018): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2018-0010.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate how employers who illegally under-report their employees’ salaries to evade paying the full tax and social contributions owed can be explained and tackled. These employers have been conventionally explained as rational economic actors doing so when the benefits outweigh the costs, and thus the solution is to increase the sanctions and/or probability of detection. An alternative social actor approach, however, explains employers as under-reporting salaries because of their lack of both vertical trust (i.e., their beliefs are not in symmetry with the laws and regulations) and horizontal trust (i.e., they believe many others are non-compliant). Reporting a 2015 survey of 450 employers in FYR Macedonia, the finding is that there is no strong association between employers under-reporting salaries and their perceived level of penalties and risks of detection, but a strong significant association with both their level of vertical and horizontal trust. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.

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Kovacevik, Borka, Annemarie Wagner, Johan Boman, Jens Laursen, and Jan B. C. Pettersson. "Elemental composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Skopje, FYR of Macedonia." X-Ray Spectrometry 40, no. 4 (2011): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1337.

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Stevcevska-Srbinoska, Dusica. "The Advantages of Budgets: A Survey of Macedonian Legal Entities." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i2.12266.

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By surveying legal entities headquartered in the FYR Macedonia, this research investigates the relationship between entity size, the independent variables and the adoption of budgeting, the dependent variable. The study also looks at the perceived advantages and disadvantages of budgeting. In order to obtain basis for the field research, existing literature and empirical results were examined. Then, a survey was carried out by contacting managers and finance staff from the manufacturing, merchandising and service segments. The field data came from a sample of 52 respondents, forming a response rate of 61 percent. The empirical findings indicate that the advantages of using budgets far outweigh the disadvantages and that Macedonian enterprises do not consider using other planning tools as alternative to budgets. Furthermore, the questionnaire demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between company size and the adoption of budgeting practices. This research suggests that budgeting deserves further study given its massive use as a management control tool.

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Arsovski, Dragan, Rastko Ajtić, Ana Golubović, et al. "TWO FANGS GOOD, A HUNDRED LEGS BETTER: JUVENILE VIPER DEVOURED BY AN ADULT CENTIPEDE IT HAD INGESTED." Ecologica Montenegrina 1, no. 1 (2014): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2014.1.2.

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On May 14th 2013, on the island of Golem Grad (Prespa Lake, FYR of Macedonia) a juvenile female nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) was found dead, with head of a Scolopendra cingulata protruding through the body wall of its lower abdomen. The authors discuss the possibility that the snake had swallowed the centipede alive, and that, paradoxically, the prey has eaten its way through the snake, almost reaching its freedom.

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Fetahu-Vehapi, Dr Sc Merale, and MSc Irena Spasenoska. "Determinants and role of foreing direct investment in transition economies:with special look in FYR of Macedonia." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 1 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.161.

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The aim of this paper is to provide clear insight about the determinants and role of FDI in transition country with particular reference in FYR of Macedonia. We are using a panel dataset for twenty seven - 27 transition countries over the period 1997 to 2009. Applying static and dynamic modeling, econometrics findings have driven as to dynamic models. Inthe same empirical investigations following variables have been tested: GDP of the host and source country, unit labour cost, trade inflation, legal environment, distance, dummy variables capturing the language, common border and colonizing effect. Empirical result confirms expectation of the chosen variables as well as the positive feedback effect of past FDI onto current FDI. While the negative and significant coefficient of distance indicates that FDI is determined by gravity factors, the positive relationship between FDI stock and unit labour cost is explained through the effect of the service sector on wages. In addition, countries having higher trading shares attract more FDI. Low inflation rate as well as efficient legal system should be taken as a good sign for attracting more FDI flows since it has a positive impact on foreign investors. Dummy for English language, which indicates countries where English language is official or widely spoken in that country, have less language difficulties and more FDI flows with FYR of Macedonia.At the same time, income level of the host country is found to be important determinant for foreign investors. Moreover, FDI role in FYR of Macedonia has been found as crucial in many aspects of country’s economic development and sustainability. Apart from accelerated growth, technical innovation and enterprise restructuring, FDI in this transition country gave considerable contribution to the financial potential improvement.

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Llokmani, Abdilazis, and Dhimitër Rapti. "The Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p21.

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Stray dogs are a reservoir of intestinal parasites and a source of infection for pet dog owners. Some parasites, including hookworms and roundworms, are zoonotic parasites. This means they can easily be transmitted from pets to humans. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in stray dogs located in Tetova, FYR Macedonia region between February to April 2017. A total of 60 samples were examined by centrifugation-flotation methods. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were 0,40%, 0,13%, 0,08%, and 0,01% for Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis , Toxocara canis and Coccidia respectively. Stray dogs are associated with a high risk of infection. Also, the periodic laboratory tests can confirm this. The information received from this present study may be useful in the designing of control programs. It was also used in educating the dogs’ owners about public health issues of dog keeping, hence reducing the risks associated with zoonotic infections.

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Baraku, A., A. Idrizaj, B. Krasniqi, and E. Baraku. "P2-369 Correlation of household smoking with individual smoking, FYR of Macedonia, 2009." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Suppl 1 (2011): A324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976k.100.

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31

ten Dam, Caspar. "A Review of “Strategic Rebellion: Ethnic Conflict in FYR Macedonia and the Balkans.”." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 19, no. 3 (2013): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2013.818367.

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Ivanov, Gjorge, Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Aleksandar Stojanov, Dimche Melovski, and Vasko Avukatov. "The re-establishment of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in FYR Macedonia: Implications for conservation." Mammalian Biology 81, no. 3 (2016): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2016.02.005.

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33

VELEVSKI, METODIJA, STOYAN C. NIKOLOV, BEN HALLMANN, et al. "Population decline and range contraction of the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus in the Balkan Peninsula." Bird Conservation International 25, no. 4 (2014): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000343.

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SummaryThe Egyptian Vulture has been classified as ‘Endangered’ due to a rapid population decline in India and long term declines in Europe and Africa. Although the species has been reported to be declining in Eastern Europe, no quantitative assessment of the magnitude or the causes for population declines are available. We used monitoring data from the Balkan Peninsula to estimate changes in population size and extent of occurrence of Egyptian Vultures between 1980 and 2013. We quantified population trends in three countries (Bulgaria, Greece and the former Yugoslav Republic [FYR] of Macedonia) to assess whether population declines are similar within the Balkan range states. We found a rapid and consistent decline of the Egyptian Vulture population that was largely similar among the three countries (λ = 0.940 in FYR of Macedonia, 0.951 in Bulgaria, 0.920 in Greece). As a consequence of population declines, the breeding range of Egyptian Vultures has contracted and the population in the Balkan Peninsula has fragmented into six subpopulations separated by more than 80 km. Population declines may be driven by factors such as poisoning, electrocution, direct persecution and changes in food availability which operate at large spatial scales and affect birds both on breeding grounds as well as during migration and wintering. Because the relative importance of threats to the survival of Egyptian Vultures are poorly understood, there is a critical need for research into causes of mortality and potential conservation actions that may halt and reverse population declines.

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VRHOVNIK, Petra, Nastja Rogan ŠMUC, Tadej DOLENEC, Todor SERAFIMOVSKI, and Matej DOLENEC. "Impact of Pb-Zn mining activity on surficial sediments of Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia)." TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 22 (2013): 996–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/yer-1205-1.

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Stojanovska, Zdenka, Peter Bossew, Shinji Tokonami, et al. "National survey of indoor thoron concentration in FYR of Macedonia (continental Europe – Balkan region)." Radiation Measurements 49 (February 2013): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.11.023.

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Bitzenis, Aristidis, and Valentina Nushkova. "Investment Obstacles in the Manufacturing Sector in FYR Macedonia: Do the Subsector Specifics Matter?" Journal of East-West Business 17, no. 4 (2011): 213–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2011.626989.

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Petreski, Drage, Andrej Iliev, Elena Trajanovska, Lazar Gjurov, and Aleksandar Petrovski. "Improved technical characteristics of the MI-8/17 in the army of FYR Macedonia." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 66, no. 1 (2018): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg66-14520.

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Sadiku, Murat, Alit Ibraimi, and Luljeta Sadiku. "Econometric Estimation of the Relationship between Unemployment Rate and Economic Growth of FYR of Macedonia." Procedia Economics and Finance 19 (2015): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00009-x.

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Mavromatidis, Fotis. "The Role of the European Union in the Name Dispute between Greece and FYR Macedonia." Journal of Contemporary European Studies 18, no. 1 (2010): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14782801003638703.

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Vermeesch, Pieter, Martin Rittner, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Lucilla Benedetti, and ASTER Team. "Determining erosion rates in Allchar (Macedonia) to revive the lorandite neutrino experiment." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2213 (2018): 20170470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0470.

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205 Tl in the lorandite (TiAsS 2 ) mine of Allchar (Majdan, FYR Macedonia) is transformed to 205 Pb by cosmic ray reactions with muons and neutrinos. At depths of more than 300 m, muogenic production would be sufficiently low for the 4.3 Ma old lorandite deposit to be used as a natural neutrino detector. Unfortunately, the Allchar deposit currently sits at a depth of only 120 m below the surface, apparently making the lorandite experiment technically infeasible. We here present 25 erosion rate estimates for the Allchar area using in situ produced cosmogenic 36 Cl in carbonates and 10 Be in alluvial quartz. The new measurements suggest long-term erosion rates of 100–120 m Ma −1 in the silicate lithologies that are found at the higher elevations of the Majdanksa River valley, and 200–280 m Ma −1 in the underlying marbles and dolomites. These values indicate that the lorandite deposit has spent most of its existence at depths of more than 400 m, sufficient for the neutrinogenic 205 Pb component to dominate the muon contribution. Our results suggest that this unique particle physics experiment is theoretically feasible and merits further development.

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Djukanovic, Dragan. "The Adriatic charter: A shorter way to access NATO." Medjunarodni problemi 57, no. 3 (2005): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0503373d.

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The author explores the genesis and ranges of interstate cooperation within the scope of the Adriatic Charter of Partnership, signed in Tirana on May 2, 2003 by Republic of Albania, Republic of Croatia and FYR of Macedonia, and the United States of America. First three member states of the Adriatic Charter Group have been united in their common objective to become an integral part of the NATO. USA gives strong impetus to member states of the Group to implement all the criteria for the membership in NATO promoting the "Open Door" policy. The author analyses Charter of Partnership and evaluates results of the meetings of the Partnership Commission and other mechanisms for interstate co-operation.

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Nikolov, Marjan, and Giorgio Brosio. "Efficient Delivery of Local Public Services in Ethnically Fragmented Municipalities." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 3 (2015): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.3.299-319(2015).

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Macedonia started its transition from a command to a market economy after its declaration of independence in 1991 from the former Yugoslavia. In 1991, ethnic Albanians abstained from voting for the first Macedonian constitution. Soon claims of ethnic Albanians in Macedonia started to aim at proportional representation in all political institutions, more education in the Albanian language at the university level and changes to the constitution proclaiming Macedonia to be a multi-ethnic country made up, on an equal basis, of Macedonians and Albanians. In 2001, immediately after the Macedonian parliament ratified a border treaty with Serbia, ethnic Albanians clashed with Macedonian armed forces. The clashes ended with the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) in 2001. Decentralization was a main preferential policy choice out of the OFA. This paper estimates the efficiency of Macedonian municipalities by using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). We hypothesise that ethnic fragmentation may have a negative impact on the efficiency of Macedonian municipalities. We also hypothesise that political variables at municipalities in Macedonia also have impact on the municipal efficiency.

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Mazepa, Diana. "Sytuacja polityczna Turków w Republice Macedonii i relacje turecko-macedońskie." Wschodnioznawstwo 14 (2020): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20827695wsc.20.014.13342.

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The political situation of Turks in the Republic of Macedonia and Turkish-Macedonian relations The Republic of North Macedonia is a small country on the Balkan Peninsula, which is characterized by the accumulation of many national and ethnic and religious groups in a small area (25 713 km2) – among them are Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Roma, Vlachs, Serbs or Bosnians, as well as other smaller nationalities and ethnic groups. This article aims to present the origins of the Turks in Northern Macedonia, and at the same time to indicate the reasons for emigration from these areas and to present political parties and organizations representing the interests of Turks and their most important activities for the benefit of this minority. The article also analyze Turkish-Macedonian relations ranging from the proclamation of Macedonian independence to the accession of the Republic of Northern Macedonia to the structures of the NATO in 2020.

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Ристовска-Јосифовска [Ristovska-Josifovska], Билјана [Biljana]. "Балканските војни и проекциите за Македонија (македонски поглед)". Slavia Meridionalis 12 (31 серпня 2015): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2012.007.

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The Balkan wars and the projections about Macedonia (Macedonian view) The main focus of this paper is the time just before and during the Balkan Wars (1912– 1913), analyzed through the public writings of the Macedonian emigrants in Russia. We focus on their attitude, opinions and interpretations of the political events, as well as the reactions to the decisions of the great powers – as an expression of the Macedonian view to the Balkan Wars and the projections about Macedonia. In this context it is interesting to see whether they concern the national question and how they articulate the opinions on reception of the results of the Balkan Wars.The attention of the Macedonians was pointed almost exclusively to the national problem and the Balkan Wars, even after the beginning of the World War I. They were engaged in finding a solution for the Macedonian national question and the realization of the idea for national state. At the same time they were displaying in the Russian public their understanding of the political events and their attitude: warning about the possible partition, demanding a support for foundation of a Macedonian state and protesting against the partition.But, besides the organized intellectuals in emigration, the Macedonian national question remained at the margins of the interests of the great powers of Europe or has been used as a tool for solving other political questions. The appeals of the Macedonian intellectuals were not enough influential and Macedonia entered in World War I with all the consequences: the confirmation of the borders from the separation and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. This very difficult and complicated period lasted up to the foundation of the national state in World War II at the territory of today’s Republic of Macedonia. Wojny bałkańskie i wizje Macedonii (perspektywa macedońska) W artykule – na podstawie analizy publicznych wystąpień macedońskich emigrantów w Rosji, ich poglądów politycznych, opinii i interpretacji wydarzeń politycznych, jak również reakcji na decyzje wielkich mocarstw – podjęto zagadnienia związane z okresem wojen bałkańskich 1912–1913 i ukazano macedońską perspektywę kwestii macedońskiej. Zaprezentowano też ważne problemy odnoszące się do sposobu traktowania spraw narodowych i sposobu artykułowania stanowisk wobec następstw tych wojen.Uwaga Macedończyków, nawet po wybuchu I wojny światowej, kierowała się niemal wyłącznie na kwestie narodowe i wojny bałkańskie. Ich zaangażowanie sprowadzało się do poszukiwania rozwiązań spraw narodu macedońskiego i prób urzeczywistnienia idei własnego państwa. Środowiska emigrantów prezentowały przed rosyjską opinią publiczną swoje rozumienie zachodzących wydarzeń politycznych, by zapobiec podziałowi terytorium, a jednocześnie poszukiwać wsparcia dla koncepcji utworzenia państwa macedońskiego.Macedońska kwestia narodowa, podejmowana przez pozostającą na emigracji inteligencję macedońską, pozostawała na marginesie zainteresowań wielkich mocarstw europejskich lub była wykorzystywana instrumentalnie do rozwiązywania innych problemów politycznych. Apele intelektualistów macedońskich nie wywarły wpływu na sytuację międzynarodową. Macedończycy przystąpili do I wojny światowej z wszystkimi tego konsekwencjami – zatwierdzonymi granicami podzielonego terytorium. Ten trudny i skomplikowany okres trwał aż do utworzenia państwa narodowego w czasie II wojny światowej na obszarze obecnej Republiki Macedonii.

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Груевска-Маџоска [Gruevska-Madžoska], Симона [Simona]. "Јазичната политика во Република Македонија – меѓу законската регулатива и практиката". Slavia Meridionalis 12 (31 серпня 2015): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2012.013.

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Language policy in the Republic of Macedonia – between legislation and practice The question about the status of the Macedonian language manifests itself for the first time in the 19th century, but its resolution starts with the codification of the Macedonian language after World War II. The Macedonian language is then declared as an official language in the Macedonian republic and equal amongst the other languages in SFR Yugoslavia. However, the official language in SFR Yugoslavia (the language of international communication, military dealings, one of the core subjects in all elementary schools etc.) was the Serbo‑Croatian language. With the formation of an independent Republic of Macedonia, the Macedonian language became the only official language until the peace deal Ohrid Framework Agreement was signed, when the language of the largest ethnic minority – the Albanian language – gains the status of an official language. The issue of interest of this article is whether the Macedonian language has changed its status and to what extent, what are the terms of legislation for it and the real situation in which it is found in the Republic of Macedonia. Polityka językowa w Republice Macedonii – między ustawodawstwem a praktyką Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniom związanym ze zmianą statusu języka macedońskiego, jego stanem prawnym i faktyczną sytuacją językową w Republice Macedonii.Kwestia statusu języka macedońskiego pojawiła się po raz pierwszy w XIX wieku, lecz jej właściwe rozwiązanie nastąpiło wraz z kodyfikacją języka literackiego po II wojnie światowej. Wówczas język macedoński został uznany za oficjalny w Socjalistycznej Republice Macedonii i równouprawniony z pozostałymi językami w SFR Jugosławii, przy czym językiem oficjalnym federacyjnego państwa był serbskochorwacki/chorwackoserbski (jako język komunikacji międzynarodowej, język armii i przedmiot obowiązkowego nauczania w szkole podstawowej itd.).Z chwilą ukonstytuowania się Republiki Macedonii jako niezależnego państwa język macedoński został jedynym językiem oficjalnym, sytuacja taka trwała aż do podpisania umowy w Ochrydzie (Ohridskiot ramoven dogovor), kiedy to także albański – jako język największej mniejszości etnicznej w kraju – zyskał status języka oficjalnego.

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DELTSHEV, CHRISTO, and CHUNXIA WANG. "A new Agraecina spider species from the Balkan Peninsula (FYR Macedonia) (Araneae: Liocranidae) ." Zootaxa 4117, no. 1 (2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4117.1.8.

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Vrhovnik, Petra, Nastja Rogan Šmuc, Tadej Dolenec, Todor Serafimovski, and Matej Dolenec. "An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia)." Environmental Earth Sciences 70, no. 2 (2012): 761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2166-1.

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Neofotistos, Vasiliki P. "Postsocialism, Social Value, and Identity Politics among Albanians in Macedonia." Slavic Review 69, no. 4 (2010): 882–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003767790000989x.

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In this article, Vasiliki P. Neofotistos analyzes the reappropriation of the term Šiptar, a derogatory Macedonian term for Albanians, by male members of the Albanian community in the Republic of Macedonia. Neofotistos shows how the reappropriation of the ethnic slur reflects constellations of social value, that is to say, larger systems of meaning and action concerning who and what is valued in life, that have emerged with Macedonian independence. Albanian men tap into familiar divisions found in the larger Macedonian society and create meaningful forms of collectivity as they deal with rapid social, economic, and political change in the context of Macedonia's postsocialist transformation of social practices and ideals. This case study of Macedonia sheds light on the dynamics of social relations within socially marginalized groups.

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Stawowy-Kawka, Irena. "Macedonia – nowe wyzwania i trudne kompromisy (2016−2019)." Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne 30 (2021): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543733xssb.21.015.13808.

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Macedonia – New Challenges and Difficult Compromises (2016−2019) After the SDSM (Socijaldemokratski sojuz na Makedonija – Social Democratic Union of Macedonia) took over the government in 2017, the party proposed reforms which, although fundamental for the future of the country, were difficult to accept by the majority of Macedonian society. Nevertheless, SDSM’s policy, approved and monitored by the European Union and the US, was to lead to Macedonia joining NATO and EU structures in the near future. It should also be noted that both the US and the EU are strategic partners of the Republic, which actively support the processes taking place there. Having signed the agreement with Greece, on 17 June 2018 the Republic of Macedonia changed its official name. After the entry into force of the amendments to the Constitution and ratification of the Greek-Macedonian bilateral agreement by both parties, the country adopted the name of the Republic of North Macedonia (mac. Република Серверна Македонија). In February 2019, just after the parliaments of North Macedonia and Greece ratified the Prespa Agreement, the accession process of North Macedonia to NATO began. The condition for accession was the consent of the parliaments of all members of the Alliance for enlargement. Immediately after such approval, on 27 March 2020, the decision on membership was announced in Brussels by its chairman, Jens Stoltenberg. Macedonia’s relations with Bulgaria and Serbia have also changed, and the Albanians have been granted further privileges and rights in this country – in the opinion of the Macedonians it is very difficult to accept and implement. The escalation of nationalist sentiment in the country’s internal relations is important, caused not only by foreign policy but also by concessions to the Albanians. The Law on the Use of Languages, also known as the ‘language law’, criticized not only by the Macedonian scientific elite, but also by the Venice Commission, which sees certain threats to Macedonia in granting such extensive rights to the Albanian population, strengthens the opposition. On 26 March 2020, the EU gave its consent to start accession negotiations with Albania and the Republic of North Macedonia. Negotiations with Bulgaria are ongoing and it will be difficult to find a compromise. The biggest challenge for the government will be to convince the public that it is in the interest of its citizens to make compromises with both Greeks and Albanians and in the future with Bulgarians. In this case, the EU position will be very important, both in relation to the Albanian and Bulgarian demands.

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Rogoś, Agata Anna. "Old Boundaries and New Cultural Landscapes of a Multiethnic City in Modern-day Macedonia." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 8 (November 27, 2019): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2019.014.

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Old Boundaries and New Cultural Landscapes of a Multiethnic City in Modern-day MacedoniaIn the context of Macedonian and Albanian ethnonational discourses functioning in Macedonia that constitute a significant component of the system of the city’s symbols and semantics, we come upon confrontational strategies between the Slavic and non-Slavic entities that function in the cultural area of Skopje. On the one hand, these confrontational strategies determine the polemic nature of urban space, understood as both material cultural space established on the basis of places of memory and cultural artefacts, and, on the other hand, they are a product of space as an area of activity of actors and social and political networks, often used to construct incoherent self-defining processes within the space defined by the influence of ethnocultural processes.Based on the two entities in this discourse, one Slavic and one non-Slavic (Macedonian and Albanian), a semantic model of the city, described as a “polemic city”, was created as an outcome of the empirical research performed. This model can also be used for analysing other cultural areas characterised by polycentric interethnic relations. A significant point of reference, a category that constitutes the key component of this analysis, is the transformative nature of the place as an area of stigmatisation by ethnic, cultural and political determinants and subjected to a game with the participation of social and political actors. Anthropological research distinguished semantic categories referring to the place and the contestation of place, all of which I have analysed, drawing special attention to the Slavic and non-Slavic entities in Macedonian and Albanian discourse in Macedonia. Stare granice i nowe krajobrazy kulturowe wieloetnicznego miasta we współczesnej MacedoniiW kontekście macedońskich i albańskich dyskursów etnonarodowych funkcjonujących w Północnej Macedonii, które stanowią znaczący element systemu symboli i semantyki miasta, natrafiamy na strategie konfrontacyjne między komponentami słowiańskimi i niesłowiańskimi, które funkcjonują w obszarze kulturalnym Skopje. Z jednej strony te strategie konfrontacyjne składają się na polemiczny charakter przestrzeni miejskiej, rozumianej zarówno jako materialna przestrzeń kulturowa ustalona na podstawie miejsc pamięci i artefaktów kulturowych, a z drugiej strony są produktem przestrzeni jako obszaru aktywności aktorów, sieci społecznych i politycznych, często wykorzystywanych do konstruowania niespójnych procesów autodefinicyjnych w przestrzeni zdominowanej przez procesy etnokulturowe.W oparciu o dwa komponenty: słowiański i niesłowiański (macedoński i albański) w analizowanym dyskursie powstał semantyczny model miasta, określony jako „miasto polemiczne”, w wyniku przeprowadzonych badań empirycznych. Model ten można również wykorzystać do analizy innych obszarów kulturowych charakteryzujących się policentrycznymi relacjami między etnicznymi. Istotnym punktem odniesienia, kategorią stanowiącą kluczowy element tej analizy, jest transformacyjny charakter miejsca jako obszaru stygmatyzacji przez uwarunkowania etniczne, kulturowe i polityczne oraz poddanego grze z udziałem aktorów społecznych i politycznych. W badaniach antropologicznych wyróżniono kategorie semantyczne odnoszące się do miejsca i kontestacji miejsca, które przeanalizowano, zwracając szczególną uwagę na komponenty słowiańskie i niesłowiańskie w dyskursie macedońskim i albańskim w Macedonii.

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Journal articles on the topic 'FYR Macedonia'

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