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1
Chaudhary, Sushank, Deepika Thakur, and Abhishek Sharma. "10 Gbps-60 GHz RoF Transmission System for 5 G Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 3 (2019): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0079.
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Abstract This work is focused on transmission of 10 Gbps data and 60 GHz millimeter signal over 60 km optical fiber for 5 G applications. 5 G networks generally use millimeter range of frequencies. Radio over fiber is revolutionary technology to transmit radio signals over optical fiber. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of non-return to zero (NRZ) and return to zero (RZ) encoding schemes is also done. The results are reported in terms of Q-factor, bit error rate and eye diagrams. The reported results show the successful transmission of high speed 10 Gbps data and 60 GHz millimeter signal over 60 km optical fiber.
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Liu, Guifen, Hongbo Zhao, Xiuwen Tan, et al. "<i>SIRT1</i> gene polymorphisms associated with carcass traits in Luxi cattle." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 1 (2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-27-2017.
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Abstract. SIRT1 is the gene that codes for Sirtuin 1, an NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent class III histone deacetylase. This gene plays a key role in adipose tissue and muscle development in animals. Chinese Luxi cattle (n = 169) were selected to identify SIRT1 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and investigate the relationship of these SNPs with carcass traits. Five SNPs (g.-382G > A, g.-274C > G, g.17324T > C, g.17379A > G, and g.17491G > A) were identified by direct sequencing. SNPs g.-382G > A and g.-274C > G were located within the promoter region of this gene. SNP g.-382G > A was significantly associated with dressing percentage, meat percentage, and striploin and ribeye weights, and the g.-274C > G polymorphism had a strong effect on carcass, tenderloin, and high rib weights in Luxi cattle. These findings will provide possible clues for the biological roles of SIRT1 underlying beef cattle carcass traits.
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Skřivanová, V., M. Englmaierová, M. Bendová, and M. Skřivan. "Effect of the source and level of carotenoids in diets on their retention in eggs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 8 (2017): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/17/2017-cjas.
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The lutein and zeaxanthin deposition in egg yolks of hens was evaluated. The effects of various levels of extracts from Mexican marigold flowers in hen diets were compared in Experiments 1 (from 0 to 350 mg/kg) and 2 (from 0 to 950 mg/kg). In Experiment 3, the sources of carotenoids such as lutein (250 mg/kg) and Chlorella (12.5 g/kg) were examined. All three experiments were conducted using brown egg layers housed in enriched cages. The lutein concentrations in yolks were increased (P &lt; 0.05) from 0.141 to 0.232 mg/60 g of egg (Experiment 1) and from 0.096 to 0.283 mg/60 g of egg (Experiment 2). A similar trend was observed for zeaxanthin. In Experiments 1 and 2, the zeaxanthin content increased from 0.096 to 0.150 mg/60 g of egg and from 0.046 to 0.200 mg/60 g of egg, respectively. However, the retention of lutein and zeaxanthin decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 55.8 to 33.0% and 49.1 to 29.3%, respectively, in Experiment 1 and from 81.2 to 23.3% and 57.0 to 21.6%, respectively, in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, both the treated groups had greater lutein and zeaxanthin contents in the yolks. The ratio of lutein in the yolks from hens fed lutein to those from hens fed algae was 2.7 : 1 (1.044 and 0.382 mg/60 g of egg). Overall, 14.0 and 16.4% of lutein and 13.7 and 15.3% of zeaxanthin was retained in the eggs of hens fed lutein and algae, respectively. The concentrations of carotenoids in hen egg yolks depend on dietary intake, and the retention of carotenoids decreases with increasing dose. A higher carotenoid retention in the yolks was found when the hen diets were supplemented with the Mexican marigold extract than when Chlorella or pure lutein were used as supplements.
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Ngo, Thanh Van, Christopher James Scarlett, Michael Christian Bowyer, Phuong Duc Ngo, and Quan Van Vuong. "Impact of Different Extraction Solvents on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity from the Root of Salacia chinensis L." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9305047.
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This study aimed to study the impact of selected common organic solvents on extractable solids, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. The results showed that the tested solvents played an important role in extraction of total solid and phytochemical composition as well as antioxidant capacity of S. chinensis. Acetone (50% v/v) was found to be the optimal extraction solvent for extractable solids (12.2%), phenolic compounds (60 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (100 mg CE/g DW), proanthocyanidins (47.4 mg CE/g DW), and saponins (754 mg EE/g DW) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 334 mM TE/g DW, DPPH 470 mM TE/g DW, FRAP 347 mM TE/g DW, and CUPRAC 310 mM TE/g DW). The extract prepared from 50% acetone had high levels of bioactive compounds (TPC 555 mg GAE/g CRE, flavonoids 819 mg CE/g CRE, proanthocyanidins 392 mg CE/g CRE, and saponins 1,880 mg EE/g CRE) as well as antioxidant capacity (ABTS 414 mM TE/g, DPPH 407 mM TE/g, FRAP 320 mg TE/g, and CUPRAC 623 mM TE/g), thus further confirming that 50% acetone is the solvent of choice. Therefore, 50% acetone is recommended for extraction of phenolic compounds, their secondary metabolites, saponins, and antioxidant capacity from the root of S. chinensis for further isolation and utilisation.
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Carrara, V. S., L. C. Filho, V. A. S. Garcia, et al. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pyrrolidine Alkaloid from Leaves of Piper amalago L." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7401748.
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Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract the alkaloid N-[7-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine from leaves of Piper amalago L. A three-level orthogonal array design matrix, OAD OA9(34), was used for optimization of the parameters of supercritical extraction of the alkaloid, employing supercritical carbon dioxide: extraction time (20, 40, and 60 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60°C), pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar), and the use of cosolvents (ethanol, methanol, and propyleneglycol). All parameters had significant effect on the alkaloid yield. The alkaloid yield after 60 min of extraction without cosolvents at 9 different conditions (32) in terms of temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar) was also evaluated. The optimal yield (≈3.8 mg g−1) was obtained with supercritical CO2 + methanol (5% v : v) at 40°C and 200 bar for 60 min of extraction.
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Shi, Xiao-Shuang, Jian-Jun Dong, Jun-Hong Yu, et al. "Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw in the Semicontinuous Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactors." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2457805.
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Three semicontinuous continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) operating at mesophilic conditions (35°C) were used to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. The results showed that the average biogas production with HRT of 20, 40, and 60 days was 46.8, 79.9, and 89.1 mL/g total solid as well as 55.2, 94.3, and 105.2 mL/g volatile solids, respectively. The methane content with HRT of 20 days, from 14.2% to 28.5%, was the lowest among the three reactors. The pH values with HRT of 40 and 60 days were in the acceptable range compared to that with HRT of 20 days. The propionate was dominant in the reactor with HRT of 20 days, inhibiting the activities of methanogens and causing the lower methane content in biogas. The degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and crystalline cellulose based on XRD was also strongly influenced by HRTs.
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Li, Tingting, Jiaojiao Ling, Lian Duan, Qian Xue, and Jinyu Wang. "Association between perilipin gene polymorphisms and body weight traits in Jinmao Hua chickens." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 3 (2017): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-327-2017.
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Abstract. The perilipin gene (PLIN) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and fat deposition. In order to reveal the genetic effects of PLIN polymorphisms on body weight (BW) traits in chickens, PLIN gene polymorphisms in 322 Jinmao Hua chickens were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods. For PLIN primer pair 1, five genotypes (AA, AB, BB, JJ and JL) were detected in the Jinmao Hua chicken population and three mutations (g.1889C > T, g.1904T > C and g.1922C > T) were revealed by gene sequencing. For PLIN primer pair 2, three genotypes (CC, CD and DD) were detected in the same population and two mutations (g.2014A > G and g.2020C > T) were revealed by gene sequencing. Least squares analysis showed that individuals with the JJ and CD genotypes performed better than the other Jinmao Hua chicken genotypes. Based on the five SNPs, the frequency distributions of the eight haplotypes were estimated with PHASE2.1 software. C-T-C-G-T was the major haplotype with a frequency of 58.6957 %, while the frequency of C-C-C-A-C was less than 1 %. Fourteen diplotypes were obtained from the eight haplotypes. H1H1 was the dominant diplotype with a frequency of 47.205 %. Least squares analysis indicated that BW with the H3H3 diplotype was the lowest, while the H2H2 diplotype was the highest, suggesting that selecting for the H3H3 diplotype improved the BW traits of Jinmao Hua chickens. The findings of this study should be useful to expand the theoretical basis of the role the PLIN in poultry molecular breeding of poultry.
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Xu, Han, Sihuan Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang, et al. "Evaluation of novel SNPs and haplotypes within the <i>ATBF1</i> gene and their effects on economically important production traits in cattle." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 3 (2017): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-285-2017.
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Abstract. AT motif binding factor 1 (ATBF1) gene can promote the expression level of the growth hormone 1 (GH1) gene by binding to the enhancers of the POU1F1 and PROP1 genes; thus, it affects the growth and development of livestock. Considering that the ATBF1 gene also has a close relationship with the Janus kinase–signal transductor and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway, the objective of this work was to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations and their association with growth traits in native Chinese cattle breeds. Five novel SNPs within the ATBF1 gene were found in 644 Qinchuan and Jinnan cattle for first time using 25 pairs of screening and genotyping primers. The five novel SNPs were named as AC_000175:g.140344C>G (SNP1), g.146573T>C (SNP2), g.205468C>T (SNP3), g.205575A>G (SNP4) and g.297690C<T (SNP5). Among them, SNP1 and SNP2 were synonymous coding SNPs, while SNP5 was a missense coding SNP, and the other SNPs were intronic. Haplotype analysis found 18 haplotypes in the two breeds, and three and five closely linked loci were revealed in Qinchuan and Jinnan breeds, respectively. Association analysis revealed that SNP1 was significantly associated with the height across the hip in Qinchuan cattle. SNP2 was found to be significantly related to chest circumference and body side length traits in Jinnan cattle. SNP3 was found to have significant associations with four growth traits in Qinchuan cattle. Moreover, the different combined genotypes, SNP1–SNP3, SNP1–SNP4 and SNP2–SNP5 were significantly associated with the growth traits in cattle. These findings indicated that the bovine ATBF1 gene had marked effects on growth traits, and the growth-trait-related loci can be used as DNA markers for maker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs in cattle.
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Amezcua-Allieri, Myriam A., Teresa Sánchez Durán, and Jorge Aburto. "Study of Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Material to Obtain Fermentable Sugars." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5680105.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis using a factorial experimental design (23) in order to obtain fermentable sugars from cellulose-based material (CBM) usually used as pet litter. In assessing chemical hydrolysis, we studied the effect of temperature, in addition to H2SO4 concentration and reaction time, on the production of total sugars, reducing sugars, soluble lignin, carbohydrate profile, furfural (F), and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). We performed a response surface analysis and found that, at 100°C, 1% acid concentration, and 60 min reaction time, the yields of 0.0033 g reducing sugar/g biomass and 0.0852 g total sugars/g biomass were obtained. Under the above conditions, F is not generated, while HMF is generated in such a concentration that does not inhibit fermentation. We pretreated the CBM with H2SO4, NaOH, CaO, or ozonolysis, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the enzymatic hydrolysis from the pretreated biomass, using an enzymatic cocktail. Results showed that CBM with acid was susceptible to enzymatic attack, obtaining a concentration of 0.1570 g reducing sugars/g biomass and 0.3798 g total sugars/g biomass. We concluded that acid pretreatment was the best to obtain fermentable sugars from CBM.
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Pan, Shifeng, Cong Wang, Xuan Dong, Mingliang Chen, Hua Xing, and Tangjie Zhang. "Association of VLDLR haplotypes with abdominal fat trait in ducks." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 2 (2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-175-2017.
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Abstract. This study aimed to determine the correlation among VLDLR (very low-density lipoprotein receptor) gene polymorphisms, body weight and abdominal fat deposition of Gaoyou ducks. A total of 267 Gaoyou ducks from one pure line was employed for testing. The polymorphisms of the VLDLR gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.151G > A, g.170C > T, g.206A > G and g.278–295del) were identified in the 5'-UTR and signal peptide region. Furthermore, eight haplotypes were identified based on the four SNPs. The H8 was the most common haplotype with a frequency of more than 31 %. The four SNPs and their haplotype combinations were shown to be significantly associated with body weight at 6–10 weeks of age (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Remarkably, the H1H1 diplotype had an effect on increasing body weight and decreasing AFP from the 6th to the 10th weeks of age. However, increasing positive effects of the H5H8 diplotype were observed for both body weight and AFP. This study suggests that the VLDLR gene plays an important role in the regulation of body weight and fat-related traits and may serve as a potential marker for the marker-assisted selection program during duck breeding.
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Sharma, Abhishek, Sushank Chaudhary, Deepika Thakur, and Vigneswaran Dhasratan. "A Cost-Effective High-Speed Radio over Fibre System for Millimeter Wave Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 2 (2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0166.
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AbstractsFuture 5 G networks can enhance their wireless capacity and speed by effectively using high-frequency millimetre waves. Radio over fibres (RoF) is the promising technology to deliver millimetre waves over optical fibres as it integrates radio domain with wireless domain. The current study employed cost-effective non-return to zero scheme to encode 10 Gbps – 60 GHz data and wavelength division multiplexing scheme to transmit four channels over 60 km optical fibre link.
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Michelz Beitel, Susan, Luciana Fontes Coelho, Daiane Cristina Sass, and Jonas Contiero. "Environmentally Friendly Production of D(−) Lactic Acid by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae: Investigation of Fermentation Parameters and Fed-Batch Strategies." International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4851612.
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The interest in the production of lactic acid has increased due to its wide range of applications. In the present study, the variables that affect fermentative D(−) lactic acid production were investigated: neutralizing agents, pH, temperature, inoculum percentage, agitation, and concentration of the medium components. An experimental design was applied to determine the optimal concentrations of the medium components and fermentation was studied using different feeding strategies. High production (122.41 g/L) and productivity (3.65 g/L·h) were efficiently achieved by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae in 54 h using a multipulse fed-batch technique with an initial medium containing 35 g/L of yeast extract (byproduct of alcohol production), 60 g/L of crystallized sugar, and 7.5 mL/L of salts. The fermentation process was conducted at 35°C and pH 6.0 controlled by NaOH with a 20% volume of inoculum and agitation at 125 rpm. The production of a high optically pure concentration of D(−) lactic acid combined with an environmentally friendly NaOH-based process demonstrates that S. nakayamae is a promising strain for D(−) lactic acid production.
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Kulichová, Jana, Mantana Buaong, Josef Balík, Pavel Híc, Jan Tříska, and Naděžda Vrchotová. "Juices enriched with phenolic extracts from grapes." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 3 (2018): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/383/2017-cjfs.
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The paper describes the preparation and evaluation of phenolic extracts from waste materials – pomace (grape marc), seeds and press oil cake of the white grape variety Irsai Oliver (Vitis vinifera L.) and their addition to apple and grape juices to increase the nutritional properties. The waste samples were extracted using 50 or 80% ethanol (v/v). Some of the samples were extracted for 60 min at boiling temperature under reflux; the remainder were processed for 24 h on a shaker at room temperature. The highest antioxidant capacity (as measured using DPPH (758 ± 28 mM Trolox/kg of extracted matter)) and content of total polyphenols (74 ± 0.7 g gallic acid/kg of extracted matter) were found in the extract of the seeds obtained through extraction using 50% ethanol (v/v) at boiling temperature for 60 minutes. The press oil cake extract obtained by means of 80% ethanol (v/v) at boiling temperature for 60 min was evaluated as the best for enriching the sensory quality of apple and grape juices. The addition of 1 g of freeze-dried press oil cake extract to 1 l of juice increased the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content two-fold
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Kusuma, Arif Satria, Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma, and Sulistiyaningsih Sulistiyaningsih. "ANTIBACTERIA ACTIVITY OF PAPUAN ANT-NEST (MYRMECODIA PENDANSL.M. Perry) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 14 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s2.19485.
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This research aimed to determine antibacteria activity of ant-nest extract against Shigella dysenteriae and to determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) – Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) range of concentration. S. dysenteriae continues to be a major health problem in Indonesia, which usually leads to death, due to diarrhoea and dysentery, predominantly in children below the age of 5. Bacterial invasion of the colonic epithelium leads to severe inflammation together with bacterial dissemination generates abscesses and ulcerations. Myrmecodia pendans, also locally known by indigenous Papuans as ant-nest is native to Southeast Asia. This tropical plant has proven to be rich in bioactive constituents and highly valued as an alternative choice for cancer/tumor treatments and an efficacious herbal drug to prevent and cure diarrhea.Ant-nest dried plant were obtained from Wamena, Papua. The extract was obtained using maceration method with 70% ethanol, from 500.42 g dried plant we can obtain 77.47 g dry extract (15.48% rendement). Phytochemical screening result showed that the ethanol extracts of ant-nest contains metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, and steroids/terpenoids. Antibacteria activity test were then performed by using perforated agar method with various extract concentration (10, 20, 40, and 60 % (g/ml)). Largest inhibition zone was shown by 60% extract concentration with 1.74 cm diameter. MIC-MBC concentration determinated by using microdilution method. The result shown that concentration of MIC – MBC lays in range of 14 – 16 % (g/ml).
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Gala-Błądzińska, Agnieszka, Paulina Dumnicka, Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala, et al. "Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Complementary to Albuminuria in Diagnosis of Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4691389.
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Background. Two clinical phenotypes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been reported, that is, with or without increased albuminuria. The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for the early diagnosis of DKD in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. The study group consisted of 123 patients with T2DM (mean age 62 ± 14 years), with urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) < 300 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. The control group included 22 nondiabetic patients with comparable age, sex, and comorbidities. uNGAL, albumin, and creatinine were measured in the first morning urine samples. uACR and uNGAL/creatinine ratios (uNCR) were calculated. Results. In the control group, maximum uNCR was 39.64 µg/g. In T2DM group, 24 patients (20%) had higher results, with the maximum value of 378.6 µg/g. Among patients with uNCR > 39.64 µg/g, 13 (54%) did not have markedly increased albuminuria. Women with T2DM had higher uNCR than men (p<0.001), without difference in uACR (p=0.09). uNCR in T2DM patients correlated significantly with HbA1c. Sex, total cholesterol, and uACR were independent predictors of uNCR above 39.64 µg/g. Conclusions. Increased uNGAL and uNCR may indicate early tubular damage, associated with dyslipidemia and worse diabetes control, especially in females with T2DM.
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Li, Yan, Wei Xu, and Linfeng Li. "Efficacy and Safety of Halometasone Cream to Treat Chronic Generalized Eczema and the Effects of Halometasone Cream on Serum Cortisol Levels." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3265024.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of halometasone cream to treat chronic generalized eczema and the effects of halometasone cream on serum cortisol (COR) levels. Sixty consecutive outpatients diagnosed with chronic generalized eczema between January and April 2017 were included and divided into groups A, B, and C with a lesion area of 30%–40%, 41%–50%, and 51%–60%, respectively. Groups A, B, and C were treated with halometasone cream with a daily dose of 15 g, 20 g, and 30 g for 7–14 days, respectively. Ten patients were randomly selected from each group for serum COR measurement at days 0, 7, and 14. On day 14, group B had significantly higher cure rate (47.1%) than groups A (17.9%) and C (13.3%) and significantly higher effectiveness rate (82.4%) than group C (40.0%) (all P<0.05). Serum COR levels were not affected in group A but were reduced significantly in groups B and C on days 7 and 14 (all P<0.05). No adverse reaction was observed. Halometasone cream appeared to relieve chronic generalized eczema effectively and safely. High dosage (≥20 g daily for 14 days) may temporarily reduce endogenous COR production substantially, although it may be more effective.
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Röhrig, Gabriele, Ingrid Becker, Kai Gutensohn, and Thomas Nebe. "Red blood cell counts and indices in the elderly German population." LaboratoriumsMedizin 42, no. 4 (2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2017-0080.
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Abstract Background Data on peripheral blood cell values in older subjects are rare. While hemoglobin (Hb) values are supposed to change with rising age, little is known about reference values for other erythrocytic blood cell counts. This cross-sectional study was initiated to analyze hematologic laboratory parameters among subjects aged ≥60 years. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of outpatient laboratory data between January 1st and December 31st, 2015 originating from a German countrywide laboratory group; inclusion criteria: age ≥60 years, normal C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin saturation, reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin and soluble transferrin receptor; exclusion criteria: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<60 mL/min, lack of inclusion criteria; primary objective: assessment of the mean Hb value; secondary objective: assessment of mean values of red blood cell (RBC) counts. Results Of 30,611 subjects ≥60 years, 4641 met the inclusion criteria and were thus considered hematologically healthy; the following age groups were formed: 60–69 years (2094), 70–79 years (2171), 80–89 years (360), >90 years (16); median values for male/female subjects were: Hb 15.2/14.0 g/dL, RBC 5.0/4.6/μL, mean cellular volume (MCV) 89/89/fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 31/30 pg/RBC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 34/34 g/dL, hematocrit (hct) 44/41%. Statistical evaluation revealed a slight but significant decrease in values over age decades for all parameters except for MCH. However, all values remained within the recommended German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) reference ranges. Hb values remained above the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs for definition of anemia. Conclusions The results confirm the WHO reference values and are in accordance with the recommended DGHO reference values and previous results of other study cohorts outside Germany. There seems to be no need for establishing age-specific RBC or erythrocytic reference ranges for subjects >60 years.
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Germano, Antonio, Andrea Occhipinti, Francesca Barbero, and Massimo E. Maffei. "A Pilot Study on Bioactive Constituents and Analgesic Effects of MyrLiq®, a Commiphora myrrha Extract with a High Furanodiene Content." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3804356.
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The analgesic properties of myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) have been known since ancient times and depend on the presence of bioactive sesquiterpenes with furanodiene skeletons. MyrLiq is a C. myrrha extract with a standardized content of curzerene, furanoeudesma-1,3-diene, and lindestrene (12.31±0.05 g kg−1, 18.84±0.02 g kg−1, and 6.23±0.01 g kg−1, resp.) and a high total furanodiene content (40.86±0.78 g kg−1). A balanced sample of 95 female and 89 male volunteers (with ages ranging from 18 to older than 60 years) exhibiting different pain pathologies, including headache, fever-dependent pain, joint pain, muscle aches, lower back pain, and menstrual cramps, was divided into two groups. The experimental group received 1 capsule/day containing either 200 mg or 400 mg of MyrLiq (corresponding to 8 mg and 16 mg of bioactive furanodienes, resp.) for 20 days, and the placebo group was given the same number of capsules with no MyrLiq. A score was recorded for all volunteers based on their previous experience with prescribed analgesics. For the male volunteers, pain alleviation was obtained with 400 mg of MyrLiq/day for almost all pathologies, whereas, for female volunteers, alleviation of lower back pain and fever-dependent pain was observed with only 200 mg of MyrLiq/day. These results indicate that MyrLiq has significant analgesic properties.
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Murphy, Jacqueline, Stephen Halloran, and Alastair Gray. "Cost-effectiveness of the faecal immunochemical test at a range of positivity thresholds compared with the guaiac faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in England." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (2017): e017186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017186.
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ObjectivesThrough the National Health Service (NHS) Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP), men and women in England aged between 60 and 74 years are invited for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening every 2 years using the guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT). The aim of this analysis was to estimate the cost–utility of the faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) compared with gFOBT for a cohort beginning screening aged 60 years at a range of FIT positivity thresholds.DesignWe constructed a cohort-based Markov state transition model of CRC disease progression and screening. Screening uptake, detection, adverse event, mortality and cost data were taken from BCSP data and national sources, including a recent large pilot study of FIT screening in the BCSP.ResultsOur results suggest that FIT is cost-effective compared with gFOBT at all thresholds, resulting in cost savings and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained over a lifetime time horizon. FIT was cost-saving (p<0.001) and resulted in QALY gains of 0.014 (95% CI 0.012 to 0.017) at the base case threshold of 180 µg Hb/g faeces. Greater health gains and cost savings were achieved as the FIT threshold was decreased due to savings in cancer management costs. However, at lower thresholds, FIT was also associated with more colonoscopies (increasing from 32 additional colonoscopies per 1000 people invited for screening for FIT 180 µg Hb/g faeces to 421 additional colonoscopies per 1000 people invited for screening for FIT 20 µg Hb/g faeces over a 40-year time horizon). Parameter uncertainty had limited impact on the conclusions.ConclusionsThis is the first published economic analysis of FIT screening in England using data directly comparing FIT with gFOBT in the NHS BSCP. These results for a cohort starting screening aged 60 years suggest that FIT is highly cost-effective at all thresholds considered. Further modelling is needed to estimate economic outcomes for screening across all age cohorts simultaneously.
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Bensiameur-Touati, Karima, Ghouti Kacimi, El-Mehdi Haffaf, Sihem Berdja, and Souhila Aouichat-Bouguerra. "In Vivo Subacute Toxicity and Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Nigella sativa." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8427034.
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Context. Nigella sativa seeds are usually used as traditional medicine for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. Objective. To investigate the subacute toxicity of NS aqueous extract and select its lowest dose to study its antidiabetic effect. Methods. 5 AqE.NS doses (2, 6.4, 21, 33, and 60 g/Kg) were daily administered to mice by gavage. Biochemical parameters measurements and histological study of the liver and the kidney were performed after 6 weeks of supplementation. Thereafter, and after inducing diabetes by alloxan, rats were treated by 2 g/Kg of AqE.NS during 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters were measured on sera. A horizontal electrophoresis of plasmatic lipoprotein was conducted. Glycogen, total lipids, and triglycerides were measured in the liver. TBARS were evaluated on adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. Results. AqE.NS showed no variation in urea and albumin at the 5 doses, but hepatotoxicity from 21 g/Kg was confirmed by histopathological observations of the liver. In diabetic rats, AqE.NS significantly decreased glycemia, TG, T-cholesterol, LDL-c, and TBARS and showed a restored insulinemia and a significant increase in HDL-c. Results on the liver indicated a decrease in lipids and a possible glycogenogenesis. Conclusion. AqE.NS showed its safety at low doses and its evident antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effect.
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Ge, Yugang, Yu He, Mingkun Jiang, et al. "Polymorphisms in lncRNA PTENP1 and the Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Population." Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6807452.
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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1 (PTENP1) is significantly downregulated in gastric cancer (GC), playing critical roles in GC progression. However, the association between PTENP1 genetic variants and GC risk has not yet been reported. Using TaqMan technology, three lncRNA PTENP1 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) (rs7853346 C>G, rs865005 C>T, and rs10971638 G>A) were genotyped in 768 GC patients and 768 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. We found that subjects with rs7853346 G allele had a remarkably decreased risk of GC, compared with those carrying C allele (P=0.011 in an additive model, P=0.033 after Bonferroni’s correction). The further stratified analyses showed that the link between variant genotypes of rs7853346 and decreased GC risk was more obvious in older subjects (≥60 years), nonsmokers, nondrinkers, and subjects without family history of GC. We also found that relative PTENP1 mRNA expression levels were higher in rs7853346 CG/GG genotype carriers than those with common genotype in both GC and normal tissues (P<0.05). Besides, bioinformatics analyses revealed that rs7853346 may change the local folding structure and alter the target microRNAs (miRNAs) of PTENP1. In conclusion, our results suggested that lncRNA PTENP1 polymorphism rs7853346 may predict GC susceptibility.
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Habibian, Mahmood, Ghorbanali Sadeghi, and Ahmad Karimi. "Effects of purslane (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L.) powder on growth performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine-induced ascites." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 3 (2017): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-315-2017.
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Abstract. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purslane powder (PP) on performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broilers with triiodothyronine (T3)-induced ascites. In total, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The experimental diets included (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 1.5 mg kg−1 of T3 (T3 diet), (iii) a T3 diet with the addition of 1.5 g kg−1 of PP, and (iv) a T3 diet with the addition of 3 g kg−1 of PP. Feed intake and body weight were measured at 10, 24, 39, and 49 days of experiment. Blood and liver samples were collected from two birds in each replicate at 24 and 49 days of experiment. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) right ventricle to total ventricle (RV ∕ TV) ratio and mortality due to ascites compared with the control. In addition, during the entire experimental period (0 to 49 days of experiment) the T3-treated birds had lower (P < 0. 05) feed intake, body weight gain, and production efficiency index and higher (P < 0. 05) feed conversion ratio compared with the control. Dietary supplementation of PP reduced (P < 0. 05) mortality due to ascites and RV ∕ TV ratio, while the production efficiency index was increased (P < 0. 05) by the addition of PP to the diet. The T3-treated birds had higher (P < 0. 05) red blood cell counts, hematocrit percentage, and hemoglobin concentration compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment. Dietary supplementation of PP substantially alleviated (P < 0. 05) the negative effects of T3 on hematocrit and hemoglobin values at both 24 and 49 days of experiment and on red blood cells counts at 49 days of experiment. The T3 birds showed an increase (P < 0. 05) in activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase at 49 days of experiment. However, the detrimental effect of T3 on alanine aminotransferase activity was attenuated (P < 0. 05) by dietary supplementation of PP. The plasma and liver activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were lower (P < 0. 05) in T3-treated birds compared with the control at 24 and 49 days of experiment, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were elevated (P < 0. 05) by dietary T3 administration. Dietary supplementation of PP, especially at 3 g kg−1, increased (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced (P < 0. 05) the plasma and liver concentrations of malondialdehyde near to the control levels. It is concluded that the supplementation of 3 g kg−1 of PP in diet improves oxidative status and reduces ascites incidence in broiler chickens without impairing their growth performance.
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Kahindi, Roseline K., Alemu Regassa, John K. Htoo, and Charles Martin Nyachoti. "Growth performance and expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in methionine and cysteine metabolism in piglets fed increasing sulphur amino acid to lysine ratio during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98, no. 2 (2018): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0027.
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A study was conducted to examine the effect of standardised ileal digestible (SID) sulphur amino acids/lysine ratio (SAA/Lys) on performance and expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1 and 2 alpha (MAT1α and MAT2α), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) in piglets challenged with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Thirty five [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)] piglets (6.9 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The diets were antibiotic free with SID SAA/Lys of 48%, 54%, 60%, 66%, and 72%. Pigs were orally challenged with 6 and 15 mL of ciprofloxacin-resistant ETEC K88+ on days 7 and 10. Blood samples were collected before (BC) and 6, 24, and 48 h after challenge (AC). Body weight gain and feed intake were collected on days 0, 6, and 12 to determine average daily gain (ADG). Gain to feed ratio (G/F) was calculated by dividing ADG by average daily feed intake (ADFI). On day 13, all pigs were euthanized to collect liver and ileal samples to analyse gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pigs fed the diet containing SAA/Lys of 66% had the highest ADG, ADFI, and G/F BC. However, ADG, ADFI, and G/F were similar across all ratios AC. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration at 6 h AC was higher (P < 0.05) than BC and was improved with increasing SAA/Lys. Increasing SAA/Lys quadratically increased (P < 0.01) CTH and MAT1α expression. Ileal expression of CTH and MAT2α were quadratically increased (P < 0.05) with increasing SAA/Lys. In conclusion, SAA/Lys of 60% is suggested to be optimum for piglets to tolerate ETEC pathogenic challenge.
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Aminullah, Aminullah, T. Rosmawati, and Sulhaswardi Sulhaswardi. "UJI PEMBERIAN KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN NPK 16:16:16 PADA PEMBIBITAN KELAPA SAWIT(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MAIN NURSERY DENGAN MEDIA SUB SOIL ULTISOL." DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 33, no. 3 (2019): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2017.vol33(3).3840.
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The purpose of this research is to know the influence of compost TKKS and NPK 16:16:16 on the breeding of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Main Breeding with Sub Soil Ultisol Media. This research has been conducted in the field of Agriculture Faculty of the Islamic University of Riau. for 4 months, starting from April to August 2017. The design used in this research is Factorial Random Design (RAL) consisting of two factors, the first factor is Giving of empty palm fruit bunch compost (Factor K) consisting of 4 levels ie not giving empty bunches of palm oil (K0), giving compost of oil palm empty bunch 90 gr/plant (K1), 180 gr/plant (K2) and 270 gr/plant (K3), and NPK 16:16:16 Fertilizer (Factor P) consisting of 4 levels ie not giving fertilizer (P0), NPK 16:16:16 15 g/plant (P1), 30 gr/plant (P2), 45 gr/plant (P3) and 60 gr/plant (P4). The parameters observed in this study were the increase of plant height (cm), the increase of the number of stem (strands), the length of the longest stem length (cm), the increase of girth (cm), the number of root root (root) and root length (cm). The result of the research showed that the interaction of TKKS compost and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer gave a significant effect on the plant height increase, the increase of midrib, the length of the longest bark and the increase of girth. Combination of best treatment on compost TKKS 270 g/plant and NPK 16:16:16 60 g/plant (K3P4) fertilizer. The main effect of TKKS compost and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer gave a significant effect on all parameters in the range of plant height, the increase of midrib, the length of the longest stem, the increase of girth, the number of root roots and the longest root length. With the best treatment is the compost TKKS 270 g/plant (P3) and fertilizer NPK 16:16:16 60 g/plant (P4).
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Shibao, Cyndya A., Jorge E. Celedonio, Robyn Tamboli, et al. "CD36 Modulates Fasting and Preabsorptive Hormone and Bile Acid Levels." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 5 (2018): 1856–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01982.
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Abstract Context Abnormal fatty acid (FA) metabolism contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The FA receptor CD36 has been linked to risk of metabolic syndrome. In rodents CD36 regulates various aspects of fat metabolism, but whether it has similar actions in humans is unknown. We examined the impact of a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism in CD36 on postprandial hormone and bile acid (BA) responses. Objective To examine whether the minor allele (G) of coding CD36 variant rs3211938 (G/T), which reduces CD36 level by ∼50%, influences hormonal responses to a high-fat meal (HFM). Design Obese African American (AA) women carriers of the G allele of rs3211938 (G/T) and weight-matched noncarriers (T/T) were studied before and after a HFM. Setting Two-center study. Participants Obese AA women. Intervention HFM. Main Outcome Measures Early preabsorptive responses (10 minutes) and extended excursions in plasma hormones [C-peptide, insulin, incretins, ghrelin fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, FGF21], BAs, and serum lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein) were determined. Results At fasting, G-allele carriers had significantly reduced cholesterol and glycodeoxycholic acid and consistent but nonsignificant reductions of serum lipoproteins. Levels of GLP-1 and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were reduced 60% to 70% and those of total BAs were 1.8-fold higher. After the meal, G-allele carriers displayed attenuated early (−10 to 10 minute) responses in insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, gastric inhibitory peptide, and PP. BAs exhibited divergent trends in G allele carriers vs noncarriers concomitant with differential FGF19 responses. Conclusions CD36 plays an important role in the preabsorptive hormone and BA responses that coordinate brain and gut regulation of energy metabolism.
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Berhanu, Taame, and Saminathan Ratnapandian. "Extraction and Optimization of Natural Dye from Hambo Hambo(Cassia singueana)Plant Used for Coloration of Tanned Leather Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7516409.
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This investigation was aimed at introducing natural dye extracted from the bark ofCassia Singueanaplant for dyeing chrome tanned sheep skin crust leather. The colorant was extracted by aqueous extraction and its strength evaluated using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The extraction with the highest strength (3.9 atλmaxof 400 nm) was obtained at temperature of 95°C, concentration of 60 g/l, and time of 60 minutes. The possibility of using aloe vera juice and mango bark extract as natural mordants for leather coloration was investigated. Dyeing was conducted with and without mordant using different combinations of temperature, time, pH, and concentration of mordants. All three mordanting techniques were evaluated. The color strength(K/S), CIEL⁎a⁎b⁎values, and fastness properties (light, rubbing, and perspiration) of dyed leather samples were evaluated using appropriate instruments and according to international standards. Majority of samples exhibited that fastness result was in the range of good-excellent. Significantly better color fastness was obtained in case of leather samples premordanted with aloe vera. This study leads to the conclusion that dye extracted from bark ofCassia singueanacan be used as colorant for tanned leather with the selected natural mordants.
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Riezzo, Giuseppe, Guglielmina Chimienti, Caterina Clemente, et al. "Colonic Transit Time and Gut Peptides in Adult Patients with Slow and Normal Colonic Transit Constipation." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3178263.
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Purpose. To investigate whether pathophysiological differences exist among healthy controls (HC) and patients with slow and normal transit constipation (STC and NTC), we evaluated (1) gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms using validated questionnaires; (2) circulating concentrations of neurotensin, motilin, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and somatostatin; and (3) possible differences in frequency distribution of the neurotensin rs1800832 A/G and Neurotensin Receptor 1 rs6090453 C/G SNPs. Methods. Fifty-one patients with severe functional constipation and 20 HC completed the study. Symptoms were evaluated by GSRS and Constipaq scoring system. Plasma concentrations of GI peptides were evaluated by ELISA on fasting and six sequential blood samples after a standard meal. Genotyping was performed by PCR and endonuclease digestion. Results. Symptom profiles largely overlapped between NTC and STC patients. As for peptide profiles, neurotensin showed lower concentrations at 60 and 90 min in STC versus HC, and motilin showed throughout the curve 85% and 82% lower levels in STC than HC and NTC, respectively. Finally, neurotensin polymorphism resulted in being associated with the peptide levels. Conclusions. Symptom profile is not a reliable tool to discriminate STC, whilst the GI peptide profiles might help in identifying it.
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Tacheva, T., D. Dimov, A. Anastasov, et al. "Association of the MMP7 –181A>G promoter polymorphism with early onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 20, no. 2 (2017): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjmg-2017-0023.
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AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by decreased air flow and is associated with abnormal chronic inflammation in the airways and extensive tissue remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) is produced primarily by the epithelium of many organs, including the lungs. A functional MMP7 –181A>G (rs11568818) promoter polymorphism influences the binding of nuclear regulatory proteins modulating the transcription of the gene. In this study, we genotyped 191 patients with COPD forMMP7–181A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 215 control subjects using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and explored the role of that polymorphism as a risk factor for COPD. There were no differences in the genotype and allele distribution of theMMP7–181A>G SNP between the COPD patients and control groups (p= 0.341 andp= 0.214). However, the carries of the G allele (AG and GG genotypes), appeared to develop COPD significantly earlier than those with the AA genotype (61.01 ± 10.11vs. 64.87 ± 9.00 years,p= 0.032). When the genotype distribution was studied only in the groups of patients (n= 76) and controls (n= 106) younger than 60 years, we found significantly higher frequency of the carriers of the G allele in COPD patients than in the controls, determining about a 3-fold higher risk for COPD [odds ratio (OR) –3.33, 1.36-8.14,p= 0.008 for GG, and OR = 2.91, 1.38-6.13,p= 0.005 for AG+GG]. Based on our results, the MMP7 –181A>G promoter variant may influence early development of COPD. This effect could be attributed to the increased production of the enzyme resulting in enhanced airway wall protein degradation and injury.
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Ferreira-Silva, José Carlos, Tracy Anne Burnett, Paulo Francisco Maciel Póvoas Souto, et al. "Progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and ovarian activity in postpartum Santa Inês ewes subject to a male effect." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 2 (2017): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-95-2017.
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Abstract. This study aimed to establish P4 and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and ovarian activity as approaches to monitor the cyclicity of ewes under postpartum anestrus after the male effect approach. Santa Inês females (n = 66) were evenly distributed into experimental groups where they were brought into contact with an intact male during the postpartum period of 35 to 40 days (T1) and 55 and 60 days postpartum (T2). Ewes were isolated from males for 30 days before the onset of the experiment. Estrus events were detected in 93.30 % (T1) and 100 % (T2) of females. Mean P4 concentrations (η g mL−1) before and after mating were 0.53 ± 0.17 and 4.55 ± 0.24 (T1) and 0.73 ± 0.06 and 4.90 ± 0.11 (T2), respectively, and concentrations were found to be lower (P < 0.05) before contact between genders. Preovulatory peaks of LH (η g mL−1) were evaluated at 42 (T2) and at 80 h (T1) after exposure to males, with mean ovulatory follicles of 7.90 ± 0.31 (T1) and 8.50 ± 0.30 mm (T2) and a mean number of ovulations of 1.50 ± 0.54 (T1) and 1.60 ± 0.51 (T2). Pregnancy rates were 85.70 % (T1) and 93.3 % (T2), with no difference (P > 0.05) between groups. Results showed that the male effect was effective for inducing and concentrating the occurrence of estrus in postpartum ewes that had lambed within 35 to 60 days previously. Moreover, preovulatory LH peaks occurred within 80 h after physical contact between genders, which led to follicle luteinization and increased P4 concentration, without compromising pregnancy rates. The male effect can be used with postpartum ewes that had lambed within 35 to 40 days previously in order to decrease time between deliveries.
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Tenerowicz-Zaba, M., M. Kupkova, M. Kabatova, E. Dudrova, M. Dzupon, and M. Sulowski. "Density, Microstructure, Strength and Fractography of Spark Plasma and Conventionally Sintered Mn Steels." Powder Metallurgy Progress 17, no. 2 (2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pmp-2017-0010.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of 1-3%Mn steels and compare the resultant microstructures, strengths and failure mechanisms with those of conventionally sintered materials. SPS was performed in a vacuum of 5 Pa at 1000°C for 15min under a uniaxial pressure of 20 MPa. The heating rate of 100°C/min was applied. For conventional processing, mixtures of powders were prepared in a Turbula mixer for 30 minutes. Samples were single pressed at 660 MPa, according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. Sintering of compacts was carried out in a laboratory tube furnace at 1120°C and 1250°C for 60 minutes in a mixture of 95%N2-5%H2. Heating and cooling rates were 75C°/min and 60°C/min, respectively. The density of SPS samples was higher (up to 7.37 g/cm3) than those after conventional sintering (up to 6.7 g/cm3). Yield strengths of SPS samples were in the range 920-1220 MPa, compared to the maximum of 602 MPa for conventionally sintered Fe-3%Mn-0.8%C. Transverse rupture strengths were the same for this alloy, 1234 MPa, but reached 1473 MPa for SPS 2Mn variant. Interfaces in SPS samples were significantly less contaminated with oxides, which is the result of a more favorable microclimate and pressure acting during SPS. These preliminary results indicate that further research on the SPS of Mn steels is warranted.
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Gonmei, Zaozianlungliu, Supriya Dwivedi, Gurudayal Singh Toteja, Karuna Singh, Naval Kishore Vikram, and Priyanka Gupta Bansal. "ANEMIA AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN ELDERLY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.23750.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia among elderly in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 234 elderly aged 60 and above in slums of West Delhi. 5 ml blood was collected from 116 elderly and was analyzed for hemoglobin, Vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <130 g/L and <120 g/l for male and female, respectively, Vitamin B12 deficiency as serum Vitamin B12 <203 pg/ml and hyperhomocysteinemia as serum homocysteine >15 μmol/l.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia among elderly was 57.76%, 36.36%, and 57.57%, respectively. Among anemic elderly, 33.33% and 64.15% had Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively.Conclusion: More than half of the elderly population was anemic, while one-third was having Vitamin B12 deficiency.
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McCall, Stephen J., Zhuoyang Li, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Elizabeth Sullivan, and Marian Knight. "Binational cohort study comparing the management and outcomes of pregnant women with a BMI >50–59.9 kg/m2and those with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (2018): e021055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021055.
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ObjectivesTo compare the management, maternal and perinatal outcomes of women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥60 kg/m2with women with a BMI >50–59.9 kg/m2.DesignInternational collaborative cohort study.SettingBinational study in the UK and Australia.ParticipantsUK: all pregnant women, and Australia: women who gave birth (birth weight ≥400 g or gestation ≥20 weeks)MethodsData from the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System and UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Management, maternal and infant outcomes were compared between women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2and women with a BMI >50–59.9 kg/m2, using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsThe sociodemographic characteristics and previous medical histories were similar between the 111 women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2and the 821 women with a BMI >50–59.9 kg/m2. Women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2had higher odds of thromboprophylaxis usage in both the antenatal (24% vs. 12%; OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.64) and postpartum periods (78% vs. 66%; OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.70). Women with BMI ≥60 kg/m2had nearly double the odds of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.83 (95% CI 1.01 to 3.30)). No other maternal or perinatal outcomes were statistically significantly different. Severe adverse outcomes such as perinatal death were uncommon in both groups thus limiting the power of these comparisons. The rate of perinatal deaths was 18 per 1000 births for those with BMI ≥60 kg/m2; 12 per 1000 births for those with BMI >50–59.9 kg/m2; those with BMI ≥60 kg/m2had a non-significant increased odds of perinatal death (unadjusted OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.31 to 6.74).ConclusionsWomen are managed differently on the basis of BMI even at this extreme as shown by thromboprophylaxis. The pre-eclampsia result suggests that future research should examine whether weight reduction of any amount prior to pregnancy could reduce poor outcomes even if women remain extremely obese.
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Beals, Joseph W., Scott E. Binns, Janelle L. Davis, et al. "Concurrent Beet Juice and Carbohydrate Ingestion: Influence on Glucose Tolerance in Obese and Nonobese Adults." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6436783.
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Insulin resistance and obesity are characterized by low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Insulin sensitivity is improved with stimulation of NO generating pathways. Consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-) increases NO formation, viaNO3-reduction to nitrite (NO2-) by oral bacteria. We hypothesized that acute dietary nitrate (beet juice) ingestion improves insulin sensitivity in obese but not in nonobese adults. 12 nonobese (body mass index:26.3±0.8 kg/m2(mean ± SE)) and 10 obese adults (34.0±0.8 kg/m2) ingested beet juice, supplemented with 25 g of glucose (carbohydrate load: 75 g), with and without prior use of antibacterial mouthwash to inhibitNO3-reduction toNO2-. Blood glucose concentrations after beet juice and glucose ingestion were greater in obese compared with nonobese adults at 60 and 90 minutes (P=0.004). Insulin sensitivity, as represented by the Matsuda Index (where higher values reflect greater insulin sensitivity), was lower in obese compared with nonobese adults (P=0.009). Antibacterial mouthwash rinsing decreased insulin sensitivity in obese (5.7±0.7versus4.9±0.6) but not in nonobese (8.1±1.0versus8.9±0.9) adults (P=0.048). In conclusion, insulin sensitivity was improved in obese but not in nonobese adults following coingestion of beet juice and glucose when oral bacteria nitrate reduction was not inhibited. Obese adultsmaybenefit from ingestion of healthy nitrate-rich foods during meals.
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Amgai, Resham Babu, Hari Kumar Prasai, and Yama Raj Pandey. "Effect of Sucrose and Growth Regulator’s Level on Ginger Micropropagation." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 3 (May 8, 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v3i1.17275.
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Ginger is most important cash crop of the hilly region of Nepal. However, availability of disease free planting material (rhizome) is the major problem faced by Nepalese farmers. Tissue culture is the only option to produce disease free rhizome of ginger. Suitable culture media combination is most important for the production of planting material in ginger through tissue culture. Therefore, effect of different level of sucrose and growth regulators on micro-propagation of ginger was studied using local collection ‘Kaski Local’. Early stage bud was used as explant. MS basal media with different level of sucrose and growth regulators was used as tissue culture media. 30 g/L sucrose, 30 g/L sucrose+5mg/L BA, 30 g/L sucrose+5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA, 60 g/L sucrose+5mg/L BA, 60 g/L sucrose+5 mg/L BA+0.5mg/L NAA, 90 g/L sucrose+5 mg/L BA was used in this study. The explants were surface sterilized, cultured and incubated at 25±2°C, 90-95% relative humidity and 14:10 hours light:dark photoperiod for 8 weeks. Increased level of the sucrose increased the rhizome weight, however, addition of NAA produced more positive effect for this. MS basal media with 60 g/L sucrose+5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L NAA produced higher rhizome weight.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 45-48
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Zinicovscaia, Inga, Nikita Yushin, Elena Rodlovskaya, and Inna Kamanina. "Biosorption of lead ions by cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic study." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 16, no. 2 (2017): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2017-0015.
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Abstract The potential use of dry Spirulina platensis biomass to remove lead ions from aqueous solution was investigated. Effects of various parameters such as contact time, temperature, dosage of biosorbent, initial pH, and initial concentration of lead were investigated in the batch adsorption mode. The highest lead removal of 5.7 mg/g was obtained at pH 5, biomass dosage of 0.5 g, initial lead concentration of 60 mg/L. The Langmuir and Freundlich models fit the experimental data (R2 > 0.99), while the kinetic data was best described using the pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99). FTIR spectra indicated that the metal removal takes place through binding to OH, C=O and P=O groups. Lead was efficiently recovered from biomass by mineral acids, while using CH3COOH and NaOH as eluents the biomass maintained high biosorption capacity during three cycles. This study demonstrates the potential of using Spirulina platensis as biosorbent to remove lead from industrial wastewater.
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Philpott, Jordan D., Chris Donnelly, Ian H. Walshe, et al. "Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 1 (2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0161.
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Soccer players often experience eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage given the physical demands of soccer match-play. Since long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) enhance muscle sensitivity to protein supplementation, dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil–derived n-3PUFA, protein, and carbohydrate may promote exercise recovery. This study examined the influence of adding n-3PUFA to a whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate containing beverage over a six-week supplementation period on physiological markers of recovery measured over three days following eccentric exercise. Competitive soccer players were assigned to one of three conditions (2 × 200 mL): a fish oil supplement beverage (FO; n = 10) that contained n-3PUFA (1100 mg DHA/EPA—approximately 550 mg DHA, 550 mg EPA), whey protein (15 g), leucine (1.8 g), and carbohydrate (20 g); a protein supplement beverage (PRO; n = 10) that contained whey protein (15 g), leucine (1.8 g), and carbohydrate (20 g); and a carbohydrate supplement beverage (CHO; n = 10) that contained carbohydrate (24 g). Eccentric exercise consisted of unilateral knee extension/flexion contractions on both legs separately. Maximal force production was impaired by 22% during the 72-hour recovery period following eccentric exercise (p < 0.05). Muscle soreness, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) during 72-hour recovery, was less in FO (1948 ± 1091 mm × 72 h) than PRO (4640 ± 2654 mm × 72 h, p < 0.05) and CHO (4495 ± 1853 mm × 72 h, p = 0.10). Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, expressed as AUC, were ~60% lower in FO compared to CHO (p < 0.05) and tended to be lower (~39%, p = 0.07) than PRO. No differences in muscle function, soccer performance, or blood c-reactive protein concentrations were observed between groups. In conclusion, the addition of n-3PUFA to a beverage containing whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate ameliorates the increase in muscle soreness and blood concentrations of creatine kinase following eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players.
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Mahini, Reza, Hossein Esmaeili, and Rauf Foroutan. "Adsorption of methyl violet from aqueous solution using brown algae Padina sanctae-crucis." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 43, no. 6 (2018): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2017-0333.
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Abstract Objective The presence of dyes in the water is toxic and harmful to human body so, it must be removed from the water. In the present study, the removal of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solutions using brown algae “Padina sanctae-crucis” was investigated. Materials and methods The rate of adsorption was investigated under various parameters such as contact time (5–200), pH (2–11), dye concentration (10–60 mg/L), amount of adsorbent (0.25–5 g/L) and temperature (25–45°C). Results The maximum adsorption was achieved in 10 mg/L, pH=8 and adsorbent dose 2 g/L and 80 min contact time for removal of MV from aqueous solutions. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order model describes adsorbent kinetic behavior better. Besides, experimental data have been modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the results showed that both models are proper to describe adsorption isotherm behavior. In addition, the equilibrium study shows that the adsorption was physical and favorable. Moreover, a thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneously in nature. Furthermore, Maximum adsorption capacity using adsorbent was 10.02 mg/g. Conclusions It could be concluded that the P. sanctae-crucis biomass is a good adsorbent for removing MV dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Julyasih, Ketut Srie Marhaeni, and I. Gede Putu Wirawan. "POTENTIAL EFFECT OF MACRO ALGA Caulerpa sp. AND Gracilaria sp. EXTRACT LOWERING MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVEL OF WISTAR RATS FED HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2017.v05.i01.p06.
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Seaweed has potential nutrient content such as carotenoids, vitamins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals, and other essential substances. Carotenoids have important biological functions as an antioxidant, and immunostimulatory which can prevent the disease, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-aging, and protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Seaweed generally consumed as a vegetable by people in Bali, known as the local name Bulung Boni (Caulerpa spp.) and Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria spp.).. So far there has been no report or results of research on the effects of extract ethanol of Bulung Boni (Caulerpa sp.) and Bulung Sangu (Gracilaria sp.) as an antioxidant that can prevent lipid peroxidation which can be seen in decreased level of MDA in liver tissue or blood plasma. Therefore it is necessary to determine of plasmaMDA level of Wistar rat after fed high cholesterol diet treated with extract ethanol of Caulerpa sp. and Gracillaria sp. This experimental study used completely randomized design. Research using total of 24 Wistar rats divided into six sample groups of equal size, all fed with a diet high in cholesterol especially in negative control. The study consisted of negative control group (standard diet), positive control group (high cholesterol diet), high-cholesterol diet with Caulerpa sp. extract dose of 20 mg and 60 mg/100 g, high cholesterol diet with Gracilaria sp. extract dose of 20 mg and 60 mg/100 g body weight rat per day.The study resulted that rats fed high cholesterol diet with treated extract ethanol Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp. with a dose of 20 mg and 60 mg per 100 g body weight rat / day had plasma MDA level significantly lower (p <0.05) compared with rats fed high cholesterol diet without treated with extract of Caulerpa sp. and Gracilaria sp.
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Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Ann-Lise Norman, Betty Croft, et al. "Boundary layer and free-tropospheric dimethyl sulfide in the Arctic spring and summer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 14 (2017): 8757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8757-2017.
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Abstract. Vertical distributions of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS(g)) were sampled aboard the research aircraft Polar 6 near Lancaster Sound, Nunavut, Canada, in July 2014 and on pan-Arctic flights in April 2015 that started from Longyearbyen, Spitzbergen, and passed through Alert and Eureka, Nunavut, and Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Larger mean DMS(g) mixing ratios were present during April 2015 (campaign mean of 116 ± 8 pptv) compared to July 2014 (campaign mean of 20 ± 6 pptv). During July 2014, the largest mixing ratios were found near the surface over the ice edge and open water. DMS(g) mixing ratios decreased with altitude up to about 3 km. During April 2015, profiles of DMS(g) were more uniform with height and some profiles showed an increase with altitude. DMS reached as high as 100 pptv near 2500 m. Relative to the observation averages, GEOS-Chem (www.geos-chem.org) chemical transport model simulations were higher during July and lower during April. Based on the simulations, more than 90 % of the July DMS(g) below 2 km and more than 90 % of the April DMS(g) originated from Arctic seawater (north of 66° N). During April, 60 % of the DMS(g), between 500 and 3000 m originated from Arctic seawater. During July 2014, FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) simulations locate the sampled air mass over Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 4 days back from the observations. During April 2015, the locations of the air masses 4 days back from sampling were varied: Baffin Bay/Canadian Archipelago, the Arctic Ocean, Greenland and the Pacific Ocean. Our results highlight the role of open water below the flight as the source of DMS(g) during July 2014 and the influence of long-range transport (LRT) of DMS(g) from further afield in the Arctic above 2500 m during April 2015.
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Ducros, Jacques, Laurent Larifla, Henri Merault, and Lydia Foucan. "NT-proBNP, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Nutritional Status in Hemodialysis Patients." International Journal of Nephrology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1312547.
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Background.We aimed to evaluate the association between NT-proBNP and malnutrition in HD patients while taking into account the four established categories of parameters for diagnosis of protein energy wasting (PEW).Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in Afro-Caribbean dialysis patients. One component in each of the 4 categories for the wasting syndrome was retained: serum albumin ≤ 38 g/L, BMI ≤ 23 Kg/m2, serum creatinine ≤ 818 µmol/L, and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) ≤ 0.8 g/kg/day. NT-proBNP was assessed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Two multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the parameters associated with high NT-proBNP concentrations.Results.In 207 HD patients, 16.9% had PEW (at least three components). LVEF lower than 60% was found in 13.8% of patients. NT-proBNP levels ranged from 125 to 33144 pg/mL. In model 1, high levels of NT-proBNP (≥6243 pg/mL) were independently associated with PEW OR 14.2 (3.25–62.4), male gender 2.80 (1.22–6.57), hsCRP > 5 mg/L 3.90 (1.77–8.57), and dialysis vintage > 3 years 3.84 (1.35–10.8). In model 2, LVEF OR was 0.93 (0.88–0.98). NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher when the PEW component number was higher.Conclusion.In dialysis patients, high NT-proBNP levels must draw attention to cardiac function but also to nutritional status.
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Ijabadeniyi, O. A., and Y. Pillay. "Microbial Safety of Low Water Activity Foods: Study of Simulated and Durban Household Samples." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4931521.
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Sixty household low water activity foods were examined and a simulative study was conducted in a high sugar, low aw almond and macadamia butter to determine the survival of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Results obtained from 60 low aw samples collected at household level had some significant differences (P≤0,05) within food categories amongst the various tests. Spices had the highest number of aerobic bacteria, aerobic spore-formers, anaerobic spore-formers, and S. aureus. Mean aerobic colony counts for nuts and spices were 2.30 log CFU/g and 4.40 log CFU/g, respectively. Pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Cronobacter sakazakii were present in nuts, whilst Salmonella spp. was present in chocolates. This implies that certain low aw foods may present a public health risk. In the simulative study, temperature and high sucrose concentrations played a significant role in the survival of B. cereus and S. aureus ATCC 25923. B. cereus was found to be more osmotolerant at both reduced and elevated temperatures (18°C and 25°C) in the 12% sucrose sample in both butters, whilst S. aureus ATCC 25923 seemed to grow better in sucrose-free samples at both temperatures in both butters. This implies that certain low aw foods may present a public health risk. Also, B. cereus, being a spore-forming bacterium, can be osmotolerant at both reduced and elevated temperatures.
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Yucetepe, Aysun, Oznur Saroglu, Fatih Bildik, Beraat Ozcelik, and Ceren Daskaya-Dikmen. "Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of protein from Spirulina platensis using RSM." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 1 (2018): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/64/2017-cjfs.
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The protein extraction from the blue-green microalgae Spirulina platensis was carried out using ultrasound-assisted extraction and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise extraction conditions. Extraction yield, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and in vitro protein digestibility of protein extracts were determined. A three factors Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiments was employed at pH values of 7, 8 and 9; temperatures of 25, 35, and 45°C; and for durations of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Based on the RSM analysis, optimum extraction conditions (temperature 45°C, pH 7.46 and time 120 min) were obtained for extraction yield (29.05%), total phenolic content (3.52 mg caffeic acid equivalent/g dw), antioxidant activity (11.32 mg Trolox equivalent/g dw) and in vitro protein digestibility (99.36%). We report the first evaluation of the in vitro protein digestibility of Spirulina platensis and find it to be over 90%. This value is higher than the in vitro protein digestibility values of proteins obtained from other algae and plant species, and, in particular, is greater than that of commercial soybean protein isolate.
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Olujimi, Olanrewaju, Oliver Steiner, and Walter Goessler. "Metal contents in fish and crustaceans from brackish, freshwater and marine systems in South-Western Nigeria." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 75, no. 4 (2017): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2017-0018.
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Abstract Present study investigated trace element concentrations in either muscles or whole samples of 37 finfish and crustaceans harvested with gillnet from fresh (Olomore), marine (Eti osa) and brackish (Lekki Lagoon) waters of Ogun and Lagos states, Nigeria between June and August 2013. Trace elements were determined using ICP-MS after digestion with a microwave autoclave system. The results revealed that the general trend of trace elements in the sampled finfish and crustaceans was marine > brackish > freshwater. If all the samples are considered, 16.2% and 13.5% exceeded the 20 μg g−1 and 30 μg g−1 limits for Cu and Zn, respectively, as set by the European Union, while 71%, 50%, 79% of marine, fresh and brackish samples, respectively, exceeded the limit of 48 mg Fe per 60 kg person as set by FAO/WHO. In addition, samples exceeded the acceptable limit set by WHO/FAO, thus adequate efforts should be placed on the monitoring of effluents that are being discharged into open water bodies in Nigeria.
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Wassmuth, Ralf, Christoph Biestmann, and Heiko Janssen. "Behaviour and performance of suckling gilts and their piglets in single housing with different fixation times." Archives Animal Breeding 60, no. 2 (2017): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-101-2017.
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Abstract. The objective was to evaluate suckling performance and behaviour traits of gilts and piglets in two different single-housing farrowing systems under practical conditions. Performance data of 70 crossbred gilts and their 842 piglets were collected. The behavioural observation included 17 gilts and 211 piglets. Gilts of the control group (full-time crating, FTC) were fixed during farrowing and suckling (Pro Dromi® 1), and in the experimental group (short-time crating, STC) gilts were fixed for 6 days postpartum (p.p.) only (Pro Dromi® 1.5). Six farrowing crates were included in each group, and six replications were carried out. Performance data were collected and gilts' and piglets' behaviour was observed with 10 min scan samples and categorized by standing, walking (only in STC), sitting and lying (side and belly). The management and the housing systems were in accordance with the Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung (TierSchNutztV, 2017). No significant (p > 0.05) differences between FTC and STC were found in piglets born alive (13.2 and 13.9, respectively), loss of piglets (1.4 and 1.55, respectively) and weaned piglets including cross-fostering (12.0 and 12.4, respectively). Piglet loss due to crushing was 0.6 (FTC) and 0.64 (STC), with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Overall, 82.5 % of all piglets killed due to crushing were lost from farrowing to day 2 p.p. The daily gain of STC piglets was significantly higher than that of FTC piglets (205 g vs. 199 g, respectively; p < 0.05) during the suckling period (3 weeks). Concerning gilts' behaviour, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found in sitting duration only (FTC 5.8 % and STC 4.0 %, respectively). FTC piglets spent more time lying, sitting and standing (7.4 % vs. 4.4 %, 0.5 % vs. 0.4 %, 9.6 % vs. 8.4 %, respectively; p ≤ 0.05). The reason could be the higher acceptance of the piglet nest in STC. It was possible to conclude that gilts' welfare was improved by STC compared to FTC, and farrowing crates with loose single housing did not lead to higher piglet loss in the suckling period. An earlier end of the fixation period of the gilt at day 2 or 3 p.p. should be tested.
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Slepneva, T. N. "Study of introduced plum varieties in the South Urals." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 60, no. 1 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-60-103-110.
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In the conditions of the South Urals, an economic and biological assessment of 9 plum varieties introduced from the Altai Mountains (the village of Chemal) was carried out in order to assess and identify the best ones for breeding and practical use. According to the research results, accessions with a complex of economically valuable traits were identified. Accessions G 7-126 (26.1 kg per tree) and G 9-150 (23.2 kg per tree) were the most productive in the years of research. Freezing of generative buds in the winter of 2017/2018 was observed in the accessions G 9-150, G 7-126 and amounted to 0.5 points (not more than 10 % of the buds), in the remaining variety specimens from 2.5 to 3.0 points ( buds death was 25-50 %), which led to yield reduction. Late fruit ripening period (second decade of September) was noted for the accessions G 7-126 and G 9-150, the remaining the accessions (77.8 %) have a medium late ripening period. The accession G 9-150 was distinguished for good winter hardiness, weakness, productivity, late ripening, quality and taste of fruits. Three accessions are recommended for breeding — G 12-132, G 12-150 (winter hardiness, weakness, fruit quality), G 7-126 (accession with anthocyanin color of the pulp of the fruit).
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Mahawar, Manoj Kumar, Kirti Jalgaonkar, Bhushan Bibwe, Tushar Kulkarni, Bharat Bhushan, and Vijay Singh Meena. "Optimization of mixed aonla-guava fruit bar using response surface methodology." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 4 (2018): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-09-2017-0189.
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Purpose This paper aims to optimize the quantum of aonla pulp that could be mixed with guava pulp to make a nutritional rich fruit bar. The developed fruit bar will not only help in the improvement of processing value of both Guava and underused but highly nutritional Aonla but also serve the purpose of improvement in nutritional status of consumers. Design/methodology/approach Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design was used with the process variables as aonla and guava pulp ratio, PR (30:70, 40:60, 50:50); pectin concentration, PC (0, 0.15, 0.30%); and drying temperature, DT (50, 60, 70°C) for optimization of process conditions. The prepared mixed fruit leather was evaluated for physico-chemical, textural and sensory properties such as titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content (AA), L value (lightness), cutting force (CF), taste and overall acceptability (OAA). Findings Second-order regression models fitted for TA, AA, L value (lightness), CF, taste and OAA were highly significant (P = 0.01) with the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.85). The TA and AA of mixed fruit bar increased whereas L value, CF, taste and OAA decreased with increasing level of aonla pulp in the blend formulation. The optimum process conditions for mixed aonla-guava bar with desirable characteristics were 40:60 (PR), 0.02% (PC) and 56°C (DT). The corresponding optimum values of TA, AA, L value, CF, taste and OAA were 1.00%, 164 mg/100 g, 50, 5066 g, 7.83 and 7.92, respectively. The design formulation and data analysis using RSM validated the optimum solution. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that optimum blending of aonla and guava pulp has improved the overall nutritional characteristics and acceptability of the final product. This will not only help in reducing the associated post-harvest losses but also encourage the cultivators/local processing industries by stabilizing the price during glut sea.
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Burmańczuk, Artur, Grabowski Tomasz, Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska, Anna Gajda, and Cezary Kowalski. "Withdrawal of amoxicillin and penicillin G procaine from milk after intramammary administration in dairy cows with mastitis." Journal of Veterinary Research 61, no. 1 (2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2017-0005.
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Abstract Introduction: There are many veterinary products containing β-lactam antibiotics which are used for mastitis treatment in cows. The aim of the study was to determine whether mastitis could have any effect on amoxicillin (AMX) or penicillin G procaine (PEN) withdrawal period from milk, in the context of current maximum residue limits established by the European Commission. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 17 dairy Black and White cows with clinical mastitis during the lactation period. The first group (n = 8) received 200 mg of amoxicillin (AMX), whereas the second group (n = 9) received 200,000 IU/mg of penicillin G procaine (PEN) by intramammary administration. For the measurement of AMX and PEN concentrations in milk, the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was applied. Pharmacokinetic calculations were performed using Phoenix WinNonlin 6.4 software. Results: The determined AMX and PEN half-life values in the mammary gland suggest that the drug withdrawal is at a level of 99.9% within 81 h (≈3.5 days) and 116 h (≈5 days) after administration of AMX and PEN, respectively. The present research indicates that, at 60 h after administration, the average PEN concentration in the milk from cows with clinical signs of mastitis may still reach 4.96 g/kg and that of AMX can even be 6.92 g/kg. Conclusion: The results obtained confirm that, in mastitis cases, a 72-h withdrawal period is sufficient for elimination of AMX to a lower level than the established maximum residue limit (MRL) values. However, in the case of PEN, at 69 h after administration, the drug concentration may be close to that of the determined MRL.
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Trivedi, Suverna, Ram Prasad, and S. Chadha. "Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, no. 2 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196.
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This paper describes the kinetics of catalytic air oxidation of propane. The kinetics data were collected in a plug flow tubular reactor. The experiments were performed over the NiCo2O4 catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 oC. The kinetic data were collected under the following conditions: 200 mg of catalyst, 2.5 % of propane in air, total flow rate of 60 mL/min, and temperature ranges of 130-170 oC. The data were fitted to the power law rate equation. The activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 59.3 kJ/g mol and 2.9×108 (mol)0.47.L0.53/g cat.h, respectively. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 20th November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 26th February 2017How to Cite: Trivedi, S., Prasad, R., Chadha, S. (2017). Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 191-196 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196
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Blumenthal, Jacob B., Anna Gitterman, Alice S. Ryan, and Steven J. Prior. "Effects of Exercise Training and Weight Loss on Plasma Fetuin-A Levels and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Older Men." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1492581.
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Aerobic exercise training and weight loss (AEX+WL) improves insulin sensitivity in overweight adults; however, the underlying pathways are incompletely understood. Fetuin-A, a hepatokine that inhibits insulin signaling, may be involved in the salutary effects of AEX+WL. Therefore, we examined the effects of 6-month AEX+WL on plasma fetuin-A levels (36–48 hours after the last bout of exercise), aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity (M) in 16 sedentary, overweight-obese older men (age = 60 ± 2 years, BMI = 31 ± 1 kg/m2) with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. At baseline, fetuin-A levels correlated directly with adiposity and had a borderline inverse correlation with M. After AEX+WL, body weight decreased by ~10 kg, while both VO2max and M increased by 16% (P<0.005 for all). Contrary to our hypothesis, plasma fetuin-A levels increased after AEX+WL (1.16 ± 0.10 g/L versus 1.70 ± 0.19 g/L, P=0.006). This increase was unrelated to changes in body composition or glucose metabolism, but directly correlated with changes in VO2max (r=0.57, P<0.05). Thus, in overweight-to-obese older men, AEX+WL appears to increase plasma fetuin-A levels. Although not associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity, this increase in fetuin-A was related to improvements in aerobic capacity and could be representative of the cardioprotective effects of AEX+WL in older men.
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Elgari, Mahmoud Mohamed, Nadir Ahmed Ibrahim, Abdel Rahim Mahmoud Muddathir, Faris Mergheni Eltoom, and Ibrahim M. Ibrahim. "Frequency of Thrombophilic Gene Mutations in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis and in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss." Open Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0019.
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AbstractThrombophilia may be anticipated by single or combined hereditary defects in encoding genes factor V, Prothrombin, and MTHFR. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risks of V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin (G20210A), and MTHFR (C677T) mutations in Saudi women with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Protein C and protein S activity were measured to determine combined effects, if any. We examined 60 women with a history of DVT and 60 with RPL, extracted DNA from EDTA blood and determined three mutations by using multiplex PCR reactions followed by Strip Assay KIT. Pro C Global assay was used to determine the cutoff value [PCATNR = 0.80]. Protein C/S chromogenic assay was used to estimate protein C and S percentages. Frequency of Factor V Leiden G/A genotype in patients with DVT 7 (11.6%) had a significant association for DVT χ2 (OR = 5.1, P = 0.03). In women with RPL the three mutations did not show any significant association, levels of Protein C, protein S and PCAT-NR in patient groups not different from controls (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we recommend expanding on these data to provide larger-scale studies.