Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'G(M1) Ganglioside'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'G(M1) Ganglioside.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "G(M1) Ganglioside"
Whitfield, P., A. W. Johnson, K. A. Dunn, A. J. N. Delauche, B. G. Winchester, and R. J. M. Franklin. "G M1 -gangliosidosis in a cross-bred dog confirmed by detection of G M1 -ganglioside using electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry." Acta Neuropathologica 100, no. 4 (October 28, 2000): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000187.
Full textMarcon, RM, AF Cristante, TE Filho, R. Ferreira, and GB Santos. "Effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin on spinal cord lesions in rats: functional and histological evaluations." Clinics 71, no. 6 (June 15, 2016): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(06)11.
Full textKaur, G., J. Viallet, J. Laborda, O. Blair, AF Gazdar, and JD Minna. "Growth inhibition by cholera toxin of human lung carcinoma cell lines: Correlation with G(M1) ganglioside expression." Lung Cancer 8, no. 5-6 (February 1993): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5002(93)90528-6.
Full textLeitner, G., O. Krifucks, S. Jacoby, Y. Lavi, and N. Silanikove. "Concentrations of Ganglioside Type M1 and Immunoglobulin G in Colostrum Are Inversely Related to Bacterial Infection at Early Lactation in Cows." Journal of Dairy Science 91, no. 9 (September 2008): 3337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1010.
Full textPacuszka, T., and M. Panasiewicz. "Photochemical labeling of human erythrocyte membrane proteins with radioiodinated 4-azidosalicylic acid derivatives of G(M3), G(D3), G(M1), and FucG(M1) gangliosides." Acta Biochimica Polonica 45, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1998_4244.
Full textShirvaikar, Neeta, Jencet Montano, A. Robert Turner, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak, and Anna Janowska-Wieczorek. "Upregulation of MT1-MMP by Molecules Present in Leukaphereis Products Primes CD34+ Cell Homing." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5273.5273.
Full textYUKI, NOBUHIRO, SHIZUO HANDA, TAKAO TAKI, TAKESHI KASAMA, MASAKI TAKAHASHI, KAHIKO SAITO, and TADASHI MIYATAKE. "Cross-reactive antigen between nervous tissue and a bacterium elicits Guillain-Barré syndrome: Molecular mimicry between ganglioside GM1, and lipopolysaccharide from Penner’s serotype 19 of Campylobacter jejuni ." Biomedical Research 13, no. 6 (1992): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.13.451.
Full textRosemberg, S., and C. Campos. "Estudo ultrastrutural de biópsias de conjuntiva em doenças metabólicas do sistema nervoso." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 45, no. 1 (March 1987): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1987000100002.
Full text"Immunochemical detection of a small cell lung cancer-associated ganglioside (FucG(M1)) antigen in serum." Lung Cancer 8, no. 1 (April 1992): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5002(92)90246-g.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "G(M1) Ganglioside"
Oliveira, Filho Osvaldo Mendes de 1964. "Functional and histomorphometric evaluation of median nerve lesion in wistar rats treated with GM1 = Avaliação funcional e histomorfométrica da lesão de nervo mediano em ratos wistar tratados com GM1." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313131.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraFilho_OsvaldoMendesde_D.pdf: 2509545 bytes, checksum: 6effb16e1eedd8b6d33c41daea640b76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar através da avaliação funcional pelo grasping test e análise histomorfométrica o tratamento da lesão do nervo mediano em ratos de linhagem Wistar através da microneurorrafia tradicional com a microneurorrafia associada à administração do monossialogangliosídeo (GM1) e avaliar especificamente se o GM1 melhora a regeneração axonal do nervo mediano e a função da musculatura por ele inervado. Material e Método: Foram empregados 32 ratos machos de linhagem Wistar. Destes, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 10 animais, grupo 0, para obtenção da força de preensão média em ratos normais, antes do procedimento cirúrgico. Esses animais foram reintegrados aos grupos. Foram criados o grupo I, com 10 animais, em que foi feita ressecção de 5 mm do nervo mediano do membro anterior direito e não foi submetido a nenhum tratamento. Nos outros grupos foi produzida uma lesão transversa do nervo mediano proximalmente ao epicôndilo medial criando-se os grupos II, tratados com microneurorrafia epineural externa e o grupo III, tratado com a microneurorrafia epineural externa associada à administração intraperitoneal de GM1. A cirurgia foi realizada imediatamente após a lesão e a técnica utilizada foi a sutura término-terminal. Foi realizada análise funcional semanal durante seis semanas através do teste de preensão da musculatura flexora dos dedos, que é específico para avaliar a ação do nervo mediano. Após esse período, os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia. As porções proximal e distal dos nervos foram coradas com azul de toluidina a 1% e realizada a análise histológica. Pela análise morfométrica obteve-se o número e diâmetro dos axônios nos cotos proximais e distais, criando-se uma nova fórmula com inclusão tanto do número como do diâmetro dos axônios para a avaliação da regeneração nervosa. Resultados: Os valores médios da força de preensão exercida pelos ratos do grupo 0 foram comparados aos animais dos grupos II e III através da análise de variância (ANOVA one way). Para a comparação dos valores médios da força realizada pelos ratos do grupo II e III foi feito o teste de Wilkoxon. Do ponto de vista funcional, o grupo III imprimiu uma maior força média com erro menor que 5% e realizou o teste de preensão mais precocemente. O grupo tratado com o GM1 apresentou um número 28% maior de axônios regenerados no segmento distal, com padrão histológico mais organizado e homogêneo e uma diferença significativa no diâmetro médio dos mesmos. Conclusão: Pode-se afirmar com erro menor que 5% que os grupos II (microneurorrafia) e III (microneurorrafia e GM1) apresentaram diferenças em relação à recuperação funcional, tendo o grupo III reagido melhor ao teste de preensão. O padrão histológico do grupo III apresentou maior grau de mielinização, tendo-se observado maior diâmetro médio nos axônios dos cotos distais (p=0,0056). Há um significativo indicio (p=0,0536) de que a utilização do GM1 nas cirurgias dos nervos periféricos melhora o padrão de regeneração axonal. Palavras Chaves: GM1, nervo mediano, regeneração axonal, ratos Wistar, avaliação funcional, morfometria
Abstract: Summary OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the treatment of nerve median injuries in Wistar rats submitted to traditional microneurorraphy with the treatment that combined microneurorraphy and monossialoganglioside (GM1) administration while also specifically evaluating if GM1 promotes an increase in median nerve axonal regeneration, thus improving the function of the muscles in its territory of innervation. This comparison was done through functional evaluation measured by the grasping test and histomorphometric analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in thirty-two Wistar rats. Among them, 10 were randomly selected (group 0) to determine the average grasping strength in normal rats. These animals were then reunited with the others. There were three groups: group I (control group), submitted to a 5 mm lesion in the median nerve of the right forelimb and no treatment. Group II, submitted to lesion of the median nerve proximal to the medial epicondyle, treated with external epineural microneurorraphy, and group III, submitted to the same lesion and treated with external epineural microneurorraphy associated with intraperitoneal administration of GM1. Surgery was undertaken immediately after the damage to the nerve and end-to-end suture was used. Functional analysis through the grasping test of the flexor muscles of the fingers was assessed weekly; this test is specific to evaluate the action of the median nerve. In this experimental model, the animal is lifted by the tail and is stimulated to grasp a bar with its paw; the bar is located on the top of a conventional digital balance. While grasping the bar with its paw, the rat continued to be held by the tail until it releases the bar and the number on the scale is registered. After the functional evaluation the animals were euthanized. The proximal and distal portions of the nerves were colored with 1% toluidine blue dye. After the histologic exam, morphometric analysis was done by counting the number and diameter of the axons in the proximal and distal stumps. A new formula was designed including the number and diameter of the axons to evaluate nerve regeneration. RESULTS: The mean values of grasping strength exerted by rats in group I (control), were compared with group II (only microneurorraphy) and group III (microneurorraphy and GM1) through the analysis of variance (ANOVA one way). To compare the mean values of the strength sustained by rats in groups II and III, the Wilkoxon test was applied. From the functional perspective, the group that received GM1 performed the grasping test earlier, exerting a greater mean strength (error inferior to 5%). The microscopic analysis demonstrated that the group treated with GM1 showed a higher number of regenerated axons better organized and homogenous. And also that this group had a slightly thicker myelin sheath. There was a significant difference in the mean diameter of the axons of the distal segment and a number 28% higher of regenerated axons in the group treated with GM1. CONCLUSIONS: The authors can state with error inferior to 5% that the groups II and III showed differences in relation to functional recovery, group III performing better when submitted to the grasping test. Histological pattern of the group that received GM1 showed a higher degree of myelination. It was observed a greater mean diameter in the axons of distal stumps (p=0,0056). There is a significant indication (p=0,0536) that the use of GM1 in peripheral nerve surgery improves the pattern of axonal regeneration. Key Words: GM1, median nerve, axonal regeneration, Wistar rats, functional evaluation, morphometry
Doutorado
Medicina Interna
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Souza, Fabiano Inácio de. "Estudo dos efeitos do monossialogangliosídeo (GM1) administrado pela via transdérmica por laser a baixa temperatura, após lesão medular experimental em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-23022012-122731/.
Full textObjective: To evaluate the effects of monossialoganglioside (GM1) administered transdermally, and laser at low temperature, in the functional and histological recovery of spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats, aged between 20 and 21 weeks, underwent spinal cord contusion at NYU Impactor, according to the MASCIS protocol. They were divided into four groups: in Group 1, rats received 0.2 ml of saline intraperitoneally daily; in Group 2, GM1 was administered intraperitoneally at a concentration 30 mg/kg per day; in Group 3, rats were treated with laser at low temperature on the skin, daily and in Group 4, the daily laser session also contained GM1. All the groups were treated for 42 days. The animals were evaluated by the Basso, Baettie and Bresnahan (BBB) functional scale on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after injury, and by histopathology and motor evoked potentials after 42 days of injury. Results: The animals in Group 4 had higher BBB scores compared to the other groups, until the 4th week. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups, or in the comparisons over time, i.e. from one week to the next. Histological evaluation showed no statistically significant results, and no significant differences were found in the motor evoked potential tests either. Conclusion: GM1 associated with the use of low-temperature laser shows no superior functional, neurological or histological results in the treatment of spinal cord lesions in rats
Carvalho, Marcio Oliveira Penna de. "Estudo da recuperação da função locomotora e histomorfométrica da lesão medular em ratos: efeitos da metilprednisolona e do gangliosídeo G(M1)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-14042008-110025/.
Full textThe methylprednisolone and the GM-1 ganglioside are drugs with established clinical usage for the treatment of spinal cord injury in human; however its efficiency and its active mechanisms are not completely understood yet. The objective of the present paper has been to evaluate the results from the neurological function recovering and to compare these with the histomorphometric alterations in rats with spinal cord injury, prescribed with methylprednisolone; GM-1 and its association. The spinal cord injury has been done by the New York University system® in 24 Wistar rats which were assigned to one of four groups: control (n=6), MP (n=6), GM1 (n=6) and MP+GM1 (n=6). The evaluation of the neurological function outcome has been carried out using BBB locomotor rating scale on the second, seventh and fourteenth days after the injury and sacrificed on the fourteenth day for histological and morphometric analyses of total cross-sectional area, spared area and percentage of spared area. We concluded that the methylprednisolone and its association with the GM-1 revealed themselves effective concerning to the locomotor function recover and that every medicated rat demonstrated an improvement in the preserved area percentage superior to the control group. The MP and GM1 Groups were superior in the white matter preservation and the GM-1 demonstrated beneficial effects regarding the gray matter preservation at the injury epicenter. The gray matter has been more sensitive for damaged than the white matter and there has not been correlation between the histological findings and the locomotor function recovering.
Weismann, Cara M. "Approaches and Considerations Towards a Safe and Effective Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Therapeutic Intervention for GM1-Gangliosidosis: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/767.
Full textFurian, Ana Flávia. "Efeito do gangliosídeo GM1 sobre a atividade da catalase em estriado, hipocampo e córtex cerebral de ratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8909.
Full textMonosialoganglioside (GM1) is a glycosphingolipid present in most cell membranes that has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. GM1 protects the central nervous system against various neurotoxic agents or conditions, such as aspartic acid, MPTP, glutamic acid, methylmalonic acid and glutaric acid exposure, anoxia and ischemia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The neurochemical mechanisms underlying GM1-induced neuroprotection are not completely known, but the wide range of situations in which GM1 is neuroprotective suggests that it may interact with common pathways involved in the development of cell injury, such as oxidative stress. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen, and is particularly enriched in erythrocytes, where it metabolizes 90% of the hydrogen peroxide. Due to its poor expression in the brain, catalase has been considered a secondary enzyme in controlling free radical-induced damage in this organ. In the present study we evaluated the effect of GM1 on cerebral catalase activity ex vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the effect of erythrocyte removal on cerebral catalase activity of control and GM1-treated animals was also evaluated, in order to estimate the contribution of erythrocyte-derived catalase for the increase of catalase activity in the brain induced by the systemic injection of GM1. In addition, we investigated whether GM1 alters the content of hemoglobin in cerebral samples and the width of pial vessels of rats. Animals received two injections of GM1 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (0.9 % NaCl, 1 ml/kg, i.p.), spaced 24 h apart. Thirty minutes after the second GM1 or saline injection, they were sacrificed by decapitation and their brains were rapidly removed and used for biochemical assays. Catalase activity and content of hemoglobin were analyzed in hippocampus, cortex and striatum and blood of rats. GM1 administration increased catalase activity and hemoglobin content in brain samples, but had no effect on blood catalase activity. GM1-induced increase of catalase activity and the content of hemoglobin were abolished by transcardiac perfusion with heparinized ice-cold saline. Brain catalase activity in the absence of erythrocytes, estimated by regression analysis of data from perfused and non-perfused animals, was not altered by the systemic injection of GM1. Moreover, the addition of GM1 (100 – 1000 μM) did not increase catalase activity in slices of cerebral cortex in vitro, further suggesting that an intact vascular system is required for the facilitatory effect of GM1 on brain catalase activity. The vasodilatory effect of GM1 was confirmed in vivo, since the systemic injection of GM1 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increased (1.5-2.5 times) the width of pial vessels. In summary, in this study we showed that vasodilation underlies the GM1- induced increase of catalase activity in brain homogenates. We suggest that erythrocyte catalase activity may play an important antioxidant role in the central nervous system, and that the adjunct therapy with GM1 may be of value in clinical conditions in which increased blood flow is associated to a better prognosis, such as obstructive vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Furian, Ana Flávia. "Papel do óxido nítrico e de canais de potássio na vasodilatação induzida pelo gangliosídeo GM1." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17746.
Full textMonosialotetra-hexosylganglioside (GM1) is a glycosphingolipid present in most cell membranes which displays antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, it has been recently demonstrated that GM1 increases catalase content in the CNS due to vasodilation, and it has been suggested that vasodilation may be responsible, at least in part, for the neuroprotective properties of GM1. However, the mechanisms underlying GM1-induced vasodilation have not been determined. Given the pivotal role of nitric oxide and potassium channels in the control of vascular tonus, we decided to investigate whether these mediators are involved in the vasodilation induced by GM1. Initially, we investigated the effect of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 60 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of nitric oxide sinthase (NOS), on the cerebral vasodilation induced by GM1 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in male wistar rats. L-NAME fully prevented the increase in outer diameter of pial vessels induced by GM1. In addition, we investigated the content of stable NO end products, namely, nitrites and nitrates (NOx), as well as the content of the hemoglobin (Hb) in the hipocampus and cerebral cortex 15, 30 and 60 min after GM1 administration. Interestingly, GM1 increased Hb content and decreased NOx content 60 min after administration. Since it has been demonstrated that NO end products like NOx can be removed from brain in vivo by blood flow, a possible effect of GM1 on NOx levels could be masked. Therefore, we decided to investigated the effect of GM1 (0, 10, 30 e 100 µM) on NOx content in slices of cerebral cortex. The incubation of slices with GM1 (100 µM) for 30 min significantly increased NOx levels. In addition, we observed decreased NOx levels after 60 min of incubation, without changes in Hb content. In order to obtain pharmacological evidence for the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in GM1-induced increase of NOx content in situ, cortical slices were incubated with L-NAME (100 µM) in the presence or absence of GM1 (100 µM) for 30 minutes, and the NOx content was measured. L-NAME blunted GM1-induced increase of NOx content. Since it has been demonstrated that GM1 induces pial vessel vasodilation and increases NOx content in cerebral cortex, which are fully prevented by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, we further investigated whether GM1 relaxes larger vessels, as well as the mechanisms by which GM1 causes vasorelaxation. We found that GM1 (10, 30, 100, 300 µM, 1 and 3 mM) induced vascular relaxation of the rat mesenteric artery, as determined by isometric tension studies in arterial rings contracted with 1 µM phenylephrine. The vasorelaxation induced by GM1 was abolished by endothelium removal, by incubation with LNAME (1 µM) and partially inhibited by the blockade of potassium channels by 1 mM tetraethylammonium, 10 μM glibenclamide, by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H- [1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (10 µM), and by 50 nM charybdotoxin, a blocker of large and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Moreover, GM1- induced relaxation was not affected by apamin (50 nM), a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker. Althogether, these results indicate that nitric oxide and potassium channels participate in the vasodilation induced by GM1. Although more studies are necessary to definitely establish the mechanisms underlying the GM1-induced vasodilation, we suggest that vasodilation may underlie some of the biological effects of exogenous GM1 ganglioside and that adjunct therapy with GM1 may be of value in clinical conditions in which increased blood flow is associated to a better prognosis, such as obstructive vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We found that GM1 (10, 30, 100, 300 µM, 1 and 3 mM) induced vascular relaxation of the rat mesenteric artery, as determined by isometric tension studies in arterial rings contracted with 1 µM phenylephrine. The vasorelaxation induced by GM1 was abolished by endothelium removal, by incubation with LNAME (1 µM) and partially inhibited by the blockade of potassium channels by 1 mM tetraethylammonium, 10 μM glibenclamide, by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H- [1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (10 µM), and by 50 nM charybdotoxin, a blocker of large and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Moreover, GM1- induced relaxation was not affected by apamin (50 nM), a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker. Althogether, these results indicate that nitric oxide and potassium channels participate in the vasodilation induced by GM1. Although more studies are necessary to definitely establish the mechanisms underlying the GM1-induced vasodilation, we suggest that vasodilation may underlie some of the biological effects of exogenous GM1 ganglioside and that adjunct therapy with GM1 may be of value in clinical conditions in which increased blood flow is associated to a better prognosis, such as obstructive vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Breier, Ana Carolina. "Ação neuroprotetora dos polifenóis resveratrol e daidzeína e a expressão do gangliosídio GM1 em um modelo de cultura organotípica de hipocampo de rato submetido à privação de oxigênio-glicose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26067.
Full textThe gangliosides are glycosphingolipids characterized by the presence of sialic acid in their chemical structure and by their high concentrations in the nervous system cell membranes. Besides this, they have important cellular functions such as differentiation, communication, maturation, neuronal plasticity among others. Cerebral ischemia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making this disease the subject of many studies to understand the mechanisms that trigger the neuronal death. At the same time, the discovery of drugs that target these mechamisms could lead to new pharmacological treatments. We investigated the neuroprotective action of the polyphenols resveratrol and daidzein associating it to their effect on the chromatographic profile of gangliosides. For this, we used an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus. Our results demonstrated that treatment with both polyphenols significantly decreased cell death induced by OGD. Through analysis of the chromatographic gangliosides profile, a decrease of GM1 ganglioside expression in OGD group was observed, which did not happen in the OGD groups treated with polyphenols. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis by confocal microscopy, showed a greater GM1 fluorescence located in the region of hippocampal neurons, marked by NeuN protein. These results suggest that the polyphenols neuroprotective action may occur at the level of GM1 ganglioside expression in hippocampal neurons and may prevent cellular death.
Kreutz, Fernando. "Efeito do peptídeo beta-amilóide sobre a biossíntese de gangliosídeos e avaliação da atividade neuroprotetora do GM1." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22065.
Full textAlzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. It is attributed to beta-amyloid peptide, in its fibrillar or nonfibrillar forms, an important role in the disease development and progression. Once the production and fibrillation of beta-amyloid peptide occurs on the neural membrane surface, the lipid dynamic and composition of these membranes could modulate amyloid cascade and/or interfere in the damage triggered by it. Taking this into account, and considering the potential signalling role of glycosphingolipids, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fibrillar and non-fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide (Ab25-35) upon ganglioside biosynthesis in a model of organotypic hippocampal culture. In order to do this, we used 6-8 days old Wistar rats, whose hippocampi were dissected, sliced and subjected to culture. On the 28th in vitro day, A 25-35 (25μM) was added to the culture medium, in its fibrillar or non-fibrillar forms. After 24h incubation, D-[1-C14]-galactose was added to the medium with the purpose of labeling ganglioside; on day 30th in vitro day cell death was analyzed by PI uptake. The radiolabeled gangliosides were extracted from the hippocampal slices, purified, and analyzed by HPTLC, fluorography and densitometry. Our results demonstrated an Ab25-35 induced alteration in ganglioside biosynthesis, an effect which seemed to be dependent on the peptide fibrillation state. Furthermore, the fibrillar Ab25-35 caused an increase in GM3 and a reduction in GD1b biosynthesis, whereas the non-fibrillar form of this peptide was able to enhance the synthesis of GM1 ganglioside. Once GM3 is an apoptotic ganglioside, when expressed in adult neurons, an increase in its synthesis could take part of the toxic events triggered by the fibrillar betaamyloid peptide. GM1, in turn, has a still poorly understood participation in Alzheimer development. A sort of neuroprotective effects are attributed to this ganglioside while several evidences suggest that GM1 could accelerate the endogenous fibril formation, and thence influence the disease progression. To further investigate the role of GM1 ganglioside in our model, we have performed some experiments in order to test a possible neuroprotective effect of this gangliosides. As a result, a pre-treatment of the hippocampal slices with 10μM GM1 was able to prevent the toxicity triggered by the fibrillar beta-amyloid peptide, when measured by PI uptake protocol. In order to corroborate its neuroprotective action, as well as to investigate a candidate mechanism by which GM1 could promote neuroprotection, we have analyzed the effect of GM1 treatment (1h, 6h, 12h and 24h) upon the amyloid-induced alterations in GSK3b phosphorylation/dephosphorylation state. Our results demonstrated an important effect of GM1 after 24h incubation, once it was able to reverse the amyloid-induced dephosphorilation (activation) of GSK3b, a signalling pathway involved in apoptosis triggering. Taken together, our results provides new and important support for the ganglioside participation in Alzheimer models, and suggests a protective role of GM1 upon the amyloid induced toxicity, which, in the future, could expand the therapeutic strategy available for Alzheimer disease treatment.
Kreutz, Fernando. "Avaliação da atividade neuroprotetora do gangliosídio GM1 em modelo in vivo e in vitro de toxicidade do peptídeo β-amiloide." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115589.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of memory and impairment of other cognitive functions. Its pathogenesis involves the production of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases (amyloidogenesis) and the subsequent aggregation of Aβ into oligomers and/or fibrils. Aβ toxicity has been associated with several mechanisms, ranging from its oxidant and inflammatory effects until their property to induce necrosis by neural membrane rupture, or apoptosis via activation of signaling cascades. As a common step to these toxicity mechanisms, the peptide interaction with neural membranes, particularly with GM1 ganglioside (component of membrane rafts), seems to be pivotal to the peptide induced neural damage, as well as the amyloid cascade activation that characterizes the pathological vicious cycle Aβ- amyloidogenesis. GM1 is a membrane ganglioside provided of neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties in AD models, when exogenously administered. The mechanisms of neuroprotection, however, need to be further elucidated. By this way, the aim of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of GM1 in in vivo and in vitro models of fibrilar Aβ1-42 toxicity, and to propose mechanisms for this neuroprotection. Initially, we demonstrated that GM1 (0.30 mg/kg.), when co-administered (icv) with Aβ (2nmol), prevents the peptide induced cognitive deficit (object recognition task), as well as Aβ induced reduction in Na+,K+-ATPase activity (a enzyme involved in synaptic transmission regulation) in the hippocampus from male Wistar rats. We have shown, furthermore, that this neuroprotective effect of GM1 is accompanied by an increase in antioxidant defenses in the cortex and hippocampus (TRAP). As Aβ toxicity, as well as the modulation of amyloidogenesis, appear to be dependent on changes in the structure of membrane microdomains (rafts), we have investigated the effect of Aβ icv injection and GM1icv treatment on raft integrity and on the distribution of APP and BACE1 (β- secretase) proteins in these microdomains. As result, Aβ promoted a partial raft disassemble, accompanied by an increase in the distribution of APP and BACE1 to these microdomains, effects that were prevented by GM1 treatment. Considering that rafts modulate several neural functions, and that APP and BACE1 co-localization into lipid rafts is pivotal to amyloidogenesis, our results reinforce the idea that GM1 neuroprotection is mediated by membrane architecture preservation, and that GM1 treatment could slow down the Aβ induced activation of amyloidogenesis, by prevention of APP and BACE1 redistribution into lipid rafts. In order to evaluate the GM1 neuroprotective activity in an in vitro AD model, and to investigate GM1 property of interacting with Aβ and preventing its interaction with neuronal membranes, we evaluated GM1 (10, 20 and 30μM) effect against Aβ (0,5 μM)-induced toxicity in SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, as well as, we verified the effect of a Aβ-GM1 in vitro preincubation on the peptide-induced toxicity. As our results indicate, the three tested GM1 concentrations promoted neuroprotection and this effect was, at least partially, mediated by its ability to in vitro interact with Aβ peptide. Our data, when taken together, reinforce the evidence suggesting GM1 as a potential neuroprotective drug in AD models.