Academic literature on the topic 'Ga-Rankuwa'

Cardiovascular disease causes 30% of deaths globally. By comparison, infectious disease accounts for 10% of global mortality. As these statistics indicate, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. In South Africa, through urbanisation and changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the prevalence of risk factors and, by extension, the resulting morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in black people, are expected to increase. Owing to the natural progression of the disease, the first ‘westernised illness’ is hypertension, which is very prevalent among the black population. Knowledge and awareness of risk factors are essential components of behaviour change; however, little is known about the knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular disease among the working-age people in the Ga-Rankuwa community. The purpose of the study was therefore to determine the knowledge and awareness of the identified risk factors among the working-age people (18-40 years old) in the Ga-Rankuwa community. The design was a quantitative survey. The study sample (n=604) was selected from zones 1, 2, 4 and 16 of Ga-Rankuwa to determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Only people with an identified risk factor were included in the knowledge and awareness survey (n=551). Data was gathered from July to October 2005. The data gathering was self- reported with a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and statistical analysis. The results obtained from the knowledge and awareness survey indicate that knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease are low in the Ga-Rankuwa community. Opsomming Kardiovaskulêre siektes veroorsaak 30% van sterftes wêreldwyd. In vergelyking veroorsaak aansteeklike siektes net 10% van die sterftes wêreldwyd. Kardiovaskulêre siektes is dus die mees algemene oorsaak van sterftes. In Suid-Afrika, as gevolg van verstedeliking en gepaardgaande veranderende dieetgewoontes en lewenstyl, is die verwagting dat die voorkoms van risikofaktore in swartmense sal verhoog en daarmee saam ook die gevolglike morbiditeit en mortaliteit aan kardiovaskulêre siektes. Hipertensie is die eerste ‘westerse siekte’ vanweë die natuurlike verloop van kardiovaskulêre siektes en is meer algemeen in die swart gemeenskap. Kennis en bewustheid van die risikofaktore is ‘n noodsaaklike komponent om die nodige gedragsverandering te bewerkstellig, maar min inligting is oor die vlak van kennis en bewustheid van kardiovaskulêre siektes in die Ga-Rankuwa-gemeenskap beskikbaar. Die doel van die studie was dus om die kennis en bewustheid van risikofaktore vir kardiovas-kulêre siektes in ‘n werksouderdom groep persone (18-40 jaar oud) in Ga-Rankuwa te bepaal. ‘n Kwantitatiewe opname is uitgevoer. ‘n Sensussteekproef is vanuit sone 1, 2, 4, and 16 in Ga-Rankuwa getrek om die voorkoms van risikofaktore vir kardiovaskulêre siektes te bepaal (n=604). ‘n Subgroep persone, slegs dié wat met ‘n risikofaktor vir kardiovaskulêre siektes diagnoseer is, is in die opname ingesluit (n=551). Die data is vanaf Julie tot Oktober 2005 deur middel van selfrapportering en ‘n gestruktureerde vraelys ingesamel en is deur beskrywende statistiek ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat daar oor die algemeen ‘n lae vlak van kennis en bewustheid van die risikofaktore vir kardiovaskulêre siektes in die Ga-Rankuwa-gemeenskap is.

Hypoxis hemerocallidea is wild harvested and widely used due inter alia to its strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity is linked to plant stressors like soil heavy metals concentrations and pH. If high antioxidant activity is caused by heavy metals stressing the plant, the plant may not be completely safe. Soils and H. hemerocallidea corms were collected from five different geographical regions of South Africa. The highest corm and soil heavy metals concentration were Fe, Mn and Cr, with Fe having the highest, particularly for corms collected from Ga-rankuwa (83.7 ± 0.03 μg/g). The soil and corm samples from Ga-rankuwa with high levels of metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb) had greater antioxidant activity (EC50 of 1.68 ± 0.49 μg/mL). Despite corms showing ability to bio-accumulate heavy metals, the antioxidant activity could not be linked to environmental conditions. The results highlight potential danger of using naturally harvested bulbs growing in unidentified soils

Background. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common neoplasms diagnosed in HIV-seropositive subjects. Oral involvement is frequent and is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the features of oral HIV-KS in patients from Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.Methods. All cases with confirmed oral HIV-KS treated at the oral medicine clinic in Ga-Rankuwa from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Differences between males and females with oral HIV-KS in relation to HIV infection status, to oral KS presentation and to survival rates were statistically analysed.Results. Twenty (54%) of the 37 patients in the study were females and 17 (46%) were males. In 21 patients (57%), the initial presentation of HIV-KS was in the mouth. Other than the fact that females presented with larger (≥10 mm) oral KS lesions(P=0.0004), there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions(P=0.0003). Nine patients (24%) developed concomitant facial lymphoedema, and these patients had a significantly lower CD4+ T-cell count (28 cells/mm3) compared to the rest of the group (130 cells/mm3) (P=0.01). The average CD4+ T-cell count of the patients who died (64 cells/mm3) was significantly lower(P=0.0004), there were no statistically significant gender differences. Significantly more patients presented with multiple oral HIV-KS lesions than with single lesions(P=0.016)at the time of oral-KS presentation than of those who survived (166 cells/mm3). Conclusions: In Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa where HIV-KS is prevalent, oral KS affects similarly males and females. A low CD4+ T-cell count at the time of oral HIV-KS diagnosis and the development of facial lymphoedema during the course of HIV-KS disease portends a poor prognosis.

The provision of and access to financial services, particularly credit, can contribute greatly to the development of microenterprises in South Africa. Such provision has been an issue ignored by conventional banks or formal financial institutions. The problem associated with this ignorance includes high transaction and operation costs, lack of collateral, and the inability to obtain information about microenterprises resulting in difficulties to extend such credit. Microfinance therefore becomes an alternative to conventional banking and a mainstream and sustainable development activity for extending credit to microenterprises. However, the benefits of microfinance, which include, among others, the ability to provide the much-needed financial support for microenterprises, have not been fully harnessed in South Africa. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of microfinance on microenterprises in a typical South African township and to propose specialized financial mechanisms to support and improve the provision of credit to microenterprises. The article draws on the findings of a study undertaken in the Ga-Rankuwa township located in the Tshwane Metropolitan area in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It further draws on a wide range of extensive review of literature that documents the impact of microfinance on microenterprises. A case study approach is adopted and mixed method research paradigm (qualitative and quantitative) is used to gather information. Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to solicit information from the randomly selected microfinance institutions and microenterprises in the Ga-Rankuwa township.

The Development of cost-effective and economically viable telecommunications solutions for rural underdeveloped areas has been a key problem to Africa and South Africa. Selecting an appropriate telecommunications technology and an appropriate network topology that could provide both voice and data communication solutions for these areas would be a major advantage for both the community and industries in these areas. Success lies in our ability to adapt selected technologies and implement it with a viable and affordable telecommunication solution. This paper proposes an appropriate telecommunications technology utilization of a cost effective network that can provide wide bandwidth for voice and data telecommunications solutions that are essential for the education, business and private multi-user needs for the Soshanguve and Ga- Rankuwa areas, North-West of Pretoria..

Thesis (M Med (Psychiatry))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.
The aim of the study was to establish a profile of psychiatric illnesses that are encountered during consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry and to describe interventions undertaken. The objective was to identify referral patterns, establish the referral rate, and to profile the diagnoses & describe the actions taken by the consulting doctor. This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on all inpatients that were referred to psychiatry from other disciplines in the hospital for the 12 month period January to December 2009. The study was conducted at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, which is a tertiary psychiatric unit which caters for mental health care users in the Garankuwa , Soshanguve and Mabopane region. The study found that the referral rate to psychiatric C-L services was lower than at other institutions. Amongst the referred patients, there was a high incidence of organic brain syndrome diagnoses, but a low rate of depression. The study proposed further investigation into the reasons behind the low rate of referral and low rate of depression, so as to improve C-L service delivery in the hospital.

Introduction: Perinatal mortality is regarded as an indicator of the social status and obstetrical care within a given community. The developed world has witnessed a dramatic decline in perinatal mortality as standards of living improved. Unfortunately, this turn of events has not been seen in the Third World where mortality remains very high. When improved perinatal autopsy techniques are applied the causes of perinatal deaths are readily appreciated. No previous autopsy study has been conducted at our hospital. The application of new techniques has stimulated the present study, which is also intended to monitor current and future clinical practice. Problem formulation: What are the common causes of death in the perinatal period at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital? Aims of the study: a. To assess the common causes of fetal and neonatal deaths at our hospital. b. To determine those causes which are preventable and propose specific obstetric interventions. c. To obtain a baseline for future studies along the same line. d. To lay a foundation for clinicopathologic discussion with clinical colleagues. Research Methodology: An autopsy study is to be conducted on each and every stillbirth and neonatal death that occurs during the period of study. The technique will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3.

Thesis (Anaesthesiology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2010.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Preoperative evaluation of a patient is the fundamental component of anaesthetic practice. Poor documentation and record keeping on the preoperative evaluation (PEF) form is a big obstacle in attaining good practice and hence improving patient outcome following operative procedures. The aim of the study was to conduct an audit of the anaesthetic preoperative evaluation of general surgery patients at Dr George Mukhari hospital (DGMH), Garankuwa. METHODS: A sample size of 88 record files of general surgery patients who underwent elective surgery during 2008 at DGMH was analysed. The proportion of completeness of information recorded on the PEF used at DGMH was compared with a standardized PEF which uses the global quality index (GQI). RESULTS: Only 75 out of88 patients had PEF in their files. The Modified GQI scores for the sample of75 patients ranged between 33.3% and 100%. The mean Modified GQI score was 72.2 +/- SD 13.9%. The median was 73.3 %, while the lower quartile was 60% and the upper quartile was 80%. The GQI scores were low for the following criteria; 'preoperative diagnostic procedure' (46.7%), 'medications prescribed by surgeons' (46.7%), 'preoperative fasting status' (32%), and deficiency in 'patient's weight' (34.7%) and 'allergies' (34.7%) during the preoperative assessment. Only in 1.3% was the PEF filled completely in accordance with the Modified GQI score. CONCLUSION: The overall quality of the preoperative assessment was inadequate in a number of the ModifiedGQI scores criteria suggesting the need for improvement in preoperative assessment of patients by anaesthetists at this hospital to improve patient outcome.

Bakgrund:I Sydafrika skiljer sig den orala hälsan mellan olika befolkningspopulationer och personer med funktionsnedsättning är en grupp som har en ökad risk för orala sjukdomar. Undermålig oral hygien är en orsak till plackbildning på tänder och dess omgivande vävnader vilket i sin tur kan leda till orala sjukdomar såsom karies, gingivit och parodontit. Syfte:Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av karies och plack hos personer med funktionsnedsättning på ett vårdhem i Ga-Rankuwa, Sydafrika. Metod:Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad på utförda kliniska tandundersökningar av manifest karies och plack. Resultat:Populationen var 50 personer i åldrarna 18–46 år, av dessa hade 92 % karies. Antal karierade tänder var fler hos männen jämfört med kvinnorna (statistiskt signifikant). Gällande karies- och plackförekomst vid jämförelse mellan olika åldersgrupper fanns ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad. Ingen skillnad kunde ses mellan könen avseende plackförekomst. Medelvärdet för plackförekomsten var 1,8 vilket innebär att merparten hade plack som täckte mer än ⅓, men inte mer än ⅔. Slutsatser: Förekomsten av karies och plack är hög hos personer med funktionsnedsättning på vårdhemmet i Ga-Rankuwa. Vidare och mer omfattande studier hos en större population behövs för att öka kunskapen kring denna grupp och deras orala hälsa.
Background:The oral health differs in South Africa and people with disabilities are a group that have an increased risk of oral diseases. Deficient oral hygiene causes dental plaque which can lead to oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of caries and plaque in people with disabilities in a care facility in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa. Method:The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study based on clinical dental examinations of manifest caries and plaque. Result:The participants was 50 persons (18–46 years), which had 92 % caries. The men had more caries than the women (statistic significant). When comparing different ages, there were no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of caries and plaque. The mean value of plaque was 1,8, meaning that the majority had more than ⅓of plaque on the tooth surface but not more than ⅔. No difference was found when comparing genders. Conclusion:The prevalence of caries and plaque is high among persons with disabilities in the care facility in Ga-Rankuwa. Further and more extensive studies in a larger population are needed to increase knowledge of this group and their oral health.

Background: Elderly today have an increased life expectancy and retaining their teeth longer than before, it is important that healthcare-professionals have knowledge about oral health and how to prevent oral diseases. Objective: To study knowledge and attitude of oral health among caregivers at nursing homes in Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa. Method: The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study. Data was collected by a questionnaire representing four dimensions; Internal Locus of Control, External Locus of Control, Self-Efficacy and Oral Health Care Beliefs (OHCB), consisting questions about oral health and oral hygiene. The population consisted of 130 caregivers. Result: A total of 50 out of 61 caregivers participated in the study, out of which 43 were females and 7 were males. The age-interval was between 20-75 years. Generally, no statistical significant differences in knowledge and attitudes between the two nursing homes and between the caregivers´ professional statuses was noticed. T-test showed a statistical significant difference (P=0.011) between the caregivers for OHCB-dimension, and (P=0.044) between nursing home “A” and “B” for OHCB dimension. Conclusion: The general level of knowledge and attitude among the caregivers was satisfactory but low. Monitored health intervention studies should be given to promote oral health care knowledge and beliefs.
Bakgrund: Äldre har idag en ökad livslängd och allt fler behåller sina tänder längre än tidigare. För att vårdpersonalen ska kunna förebygga orala sjukdomar hos dessa individer är det viktigt att dem har kunskap om oral hälsa samt hur man förebygger orala sjukdomar. Syfte: Att studera kunskap och attityder om oral hälsa bland personal på äldreboenden i Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, Sydafrika. Metod: Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där datainsamlingen skedde genom ett frågeformulär som innehöll frågor om oral hälsa och munhygien. Populationen bestod av 130 vårdgivare. Resultat: Totalt deltog 50 av 61 vårdgivare i studien, varav 43 var kvinnor och 7 män. Åldersintervallen var 20–75 år. Generellt fanns det inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader avseende kunskaper och attityder mellan dem två äldreboenden och mellan vårdpersonalens yrke. En tillfredsställande men låg kunskapsnivå och attityd uppmärksammades mellan äldreboenden och vårdgivarnas yrkesstatus. T-testen visade en statistisk signifikant skillnad (P = 0,011) mellan vårdpersonalen för OHCB-dimensionen och (P = 0,044) mellan äldreboenden "A" och "B" för OHCB-dimensionen. Slutsats: Generellt var deltagarnas attityd och kunskapsnivån tillfredställande men låg. Interventionsstudier med uppföljning bör göras för att bättra kunskap och attityd om oral hälsa.

Thesis (MNutr--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction Malnutrition, in both adults and children, is a problem worldwide with negative health consequences. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) therefore initiated the implementation of country-specific food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) to be used as an educational tool to address nutrition-related health issues. They further suggested consumer testing to evaluate the comprehension and cultural acceptability thereof prior to the release of country-specific FBDGs. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were recommended for consumer testing. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the comprehension and applicability of the 2007 version of the preliminary South African paediatric food-based dietary guidelines (PFBDGs) for healthy infants aged 6–12 months in Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa. Specific objectives included qualitative evaluation of exposure to preliminary PFBDGs, participants’ interpretation thereof, cultural acceptability and practical application of the guidelines. Socio-demographic information was collected to determine whether these factors could potentially exert an influence on the comprehension and applicability of the FBDGs. This study could further inform emerging efforts to update public health initiatives to educate mothers/caregivers of infants. Methodology An observational, cross-sectional study design was followed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. FGDs were utilised to assess comprehension of the PFBDGs and gather insight into perceptions, attitudes and appropriateness of the PFBDGs. Quantitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire regarding the socio-demographic profiles of participants. Setting This study focused on two small, densely populated towns, Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa, in the north western district of Tshwane in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The areas represent relatively low socio-economic communities that include a mix of formal and informal urban setting. Participants Twenty-seven Northern Sotho-speaking mothers and caregivers of infants aged 6–12 months participated in a total of six FGDs. Each FGD was attended by between three and six participants. Results None of the participants had previous exposure to the PFBDGs, although they were familiar with most of the concepts. Guidelines were generally well received and understood, but a few were misinterpreted; particularly those pertaining to “enjoy time with your baby”, “increase your baby’s meals to five times per day” and “teach your baby to drink from a cup”. These needed further explanation and rephrasing by the investigator to improve their comprehensibility. The guideline pertaining to breastfeeding was the most familiar, well accepted and most generally applied. Quantitative results indicated no significant difference between the socio-demographic profiles of participants in Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa. Participants’ education level, employment status and housing conditions were considered a good representation of the population. It appears that socio-demographic circumstances may affect exposure to, and interpretation and application of the PFBDGs. Conclusion Many of the adjustments recommended from this research is consistent with the changes incorporated in the recently published revised PFBDGs. Supportive documentation, educational material and health campaigns tailored to specific socio-demographic groups may further enhance the interpretation of the revised guidelines and their exposure to the public, once tested and adopted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Wanvoeding onder kinders en volwassenes, is ʼn wêreldwye probleem wat, as dit nie aangespreek word nie, ernstige gesondheidsgevolge kan inhou. Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) en die Voedsel-en-landbou-organisasie (VLO) het die implementering van voedselgebaseerde dieetriglyne (VGDR) spesifiek aan elke land geïnisieer sodat dit as opleidingshulpmiddel kan dien om voedselverwante gesondheidsprobleme op te los. Daar is voorgestel dat verbruikers die riglyne in fokusgroepbesprekings (FGBs) evalueer om begrip en die kulturele toepaslikheid van bevolking-spesifieke riglyne te toets voordat dit bekendgestel word. Doel Die doel van die studie was om begrip en die toepassing van die 2007 weergawe van die voorlopige Suid-Afrikaanse pediatriese voedselgebaseerde dieetriglyne (PVGDR) vir gesonde kinders van 6–12 maande te bepaal. Spesifieke doelwitte het kwalitatiewe evaluering ten opsigte van blootstelling, deelnemers se interpretasie, kulturele aanvaarbaarheid en praktiese toepassing van die riglyne ingesluit. Sosiodemografiese inligting is ingesamel om te bepaal of daar ʼn verband bestaan tussen hierdie omstandighede en die begrip en toepassing van PVGDR’s. Hierdie studie kan toekomstige pogings ondersteun om openbare-gesondheidsprogramme by te werk en om moeders en versorgers oor babas in te lig. Ontwerp Die studieontwerp was ’n waarnemende deursnit met kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetodes. FGBs was gebruik om die begrip van die PVGDR’s te bepaal en insigte oor die persepsies, houdings en geskiktheid van die PVGDR’s in te samel. Kwantitatiewe data is ingesamel met ʼn vraelys oor die sosiodemografiese profiele van deelnemers. Omgewing Die studie het gefokus op twee klein, digbevolkte stedelike gebiede, Soshanguve en Ga-Rankuwa in Tshwane, die noord-westelike distrik van die provinsie Gauteng in Suid-Afrika. Die areas verteenwoordig relatief lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe met ʼn mengsel van formele en informele stedelike nedersettings. Deelnemers Die studiegroep het 27 Noord-Sotho-sprekende moeders en versorgers ingesluit wat aan altesaam 6 FGB’s deelgeneem het. Tussen drie en ses deelnemers het elke FGB bygewoon. Resultate Geen deelnemers was voorheen aan PVGDR’s blootgestel nie, hoewel die meerderheid met meeste van die begrippe bekend was. Die riglyne was oor die algemeen goed aanvaar en verstaanbaar, maar ʼn paar was verkeerd geïnterpreteer; veral “geniet tyd saam met jou baba”, “vermeerder jou baba se maaltye na vyf kere per dag” en “leer jou baba om uit ʼn koppie te drink”. Verduideliking en herformulering was nodig om begrip te verbeter. Die riglyne oor borsvoeding was die bekendste, was die beste aanvaar en was in die algemeen toegepas. Kwantitatiewe resultate het aangedui dat die sosiodemografiese profiel van deelnemers uit Soshanguve en dié uit Ga-Rankuwa nie beduidend verskil nie. Deelnemers se opleidingsvlak, werkloosheidstatus en huislike omstandighede het die populasie goed verteenwoordig. Daar is bevind dat sosiodemografiese omstandighede blootstelling aan en begrip en toepassing van PVGDR’s kan beïnvloed. Gevolgtrekking Baie van die wysigings wat voorgestel is deur hierdie studie, stem ooreen met die verandering wat aangebring is in die onlangs gepubliseerde hersiene PVGDR’s. Ondersteunende dokumente, opvoedkundige materiaal en gesondheidsveldtogte vir spesifieke sosiodemografiese groepe sal die korrekte interpretasie van riglyne asook openbare bewusmaking bevorder. Die riglyne kan, met minimale aanpassings, suksesvol as ʼn voedingsverwante opvoedkundige hulpmiddel in die gemeenskap gebruik word. Baie van hierdie aanpassings is reeds aangebring tydens die ontwikkeling van die veranderde PVGDR’s. Die bevindinge van die studie kan ʼn kernbydrae tot die voorstelle lewer, en aanduidings vir voorstelle vir verdere ontwikkeling en evaluering oplewer.

Thesis (M Med (Psychiatry))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.
The yield of EEG amongst psychiatric patients has been reported to be low and the value of EEG in the practice of psychiatry is questionable.EEG is used as part of a diagnostic work up for patients with psychiatric disorders .Often the reason given for its use is to exclude epilepsy as a cause of psychiatric symptoms. Epilepsy is primarily a clinical diagnosis, but the EEG may provide strong support by the findings of inter – ictal Epileptogenic discharge METHOD: All the adult EEGs requested at Dr George Mukhari psychiatric hospital, over a 36 month period ,were reviewed to describe the outcome of the requested EEG reports .The study is a simple retrospective analysis of 111 consecutive EEG requested to the department of Neurology at DGMH from psychiatric unit at DGMH. Subjects were both inpatients and outpatients .All the EEG was reported by a qualified Neurologist. Data were extracted from the EEG request form and the patients’ clinical files, which reported on the clinical reason for the EEG test, nature of psychiatric diagnosis of patients, the psychiatric treatment received prior to the EEG test and the nature of the EEG results RESULTS There were 111 EEG reports analysed, and 69 EEG reports for males and 42 EEG reports for females. The reason for EEG request was dominated mainly by exclusion of epilepsy. Majority of the patients were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder , followed second by a mood disorder , all of which was attributed to GMC (epilepsy).About 62.73% of patients were on a combination of treatment of antipsychotic drug and anticonvulsants, whilst 34.55% were on antipsychotic monotherapy prior to the EEG test. Further analysis of the requested EEG form was carried out in whom the test was to determine whether or not the patients were suffering from epilepsy.EEG abnormalities were identified amongst 24% of the patients. About 11,7% of patients presented with non specific EEG results .Out of a total number of 111 patients whom an EEG test was requested and epilepsy was highly suspected from clinical presentation, only 14 patients (12.6%),presented with epileptiform discharge on their EEG results. However majority of the patients (76%) demonstrated normal EEG pattern, which doesn’t exclude a diagnosis of epilepsy. CONCLUSION The yield of EEG in psychiatry is low. To diagnose epilepsy as a cause of psychiatric presentation, clinicians should continue to rely on the clinical history of attacks and not the EEG .In the practice of psychiatry it is not recommended to routinely order an EEG to exclude a diagnosis of epilepsy, more so to confirm a psychiatric diagnosis.The presence of a psychiatric symptoms in patients who presents with epilepsy, is rarely associated with meaningful EEG changes

M.Tech. degree in Business Administration
Over the last ten years many organizational changes took place at Shatterprufe Ga Rankuwa North West Province (SXNW). The management team changed from a predominately white to a multi racial management team. Many of the appointments to management level were made in-house based on good performance in previous junior positions. These promotions were made without any base line assessment to identify learning potential or short comings. If the necessary training needs are not identified and addressed the newly appointed candidate is set up for failure. The purpose of this research is to determine if the current management team at SXNW is equipped with the relevant qualifications and managerial skills to be successful, and to assess the correlation between age, qualification and work history. iv Methods used in this study to reach a final conclusion:-