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Journal articles on the topic 'GABA Neurotransmitter receptors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Absalom, Nathan, Izumi Yamamoto, David O'Hagan, Luke Hunter, and Mary Chebib. "Probing the Mode of Neurotransmitter Binding to GABA Receptors Using Selectively Fluorinated GABA Analogues." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 1 (2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14456.

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Stereoselective fluorination is a useful technique for controlling the conformations of organic molecules. This concept has been exploited to create conformationally biased analogues of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Mono- and di-fluorinated GABA analogues are found to adopt different conformations, due to subtle stereoelectronic effects associated with the C–F bond. These conformationally biased GABA analogues exhibit different shape-dependent selectivity patterns towards GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors, providing valuable information on the binding modes of the natura

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Moore-Dotson, Johnnie M., Justin S. Klein, Reece E. Mazade, and Erika D. Eggers. "Different types of retinal inhibition have distinct neurotransmitter release properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00447.2014.

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Neurotransmitter release varies between neurons due to differences in presynaptic mechanisms such as Ca2+ sensitivity and timing. Retinal rod bipolar cells respond to brief dim illumination with prolonged glutamate release that is tuned by the differential release of GABA and glycine from amacrine cells in the inner retina. To test if differences among types of GABA and glycine release are due to inherent amacrine cell release properties, we directly activated amacrine cell neurotransmitter release by electrical stimulation. We found that the timing of electrically evoked inhibitory currents w

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Jensen, Kimmo, Chi-Sung Chiu, Irina Sokolova, Henry A. Lester, and Istvan Mody. "GABA Transporter-1 (GAT1)-Deficient Mice: Differential Tonic Activation of GABAA Versus GABAB Receptors in the Hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00240.2003.

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After its release from interneurons in the CNS, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is taken up by GABA transporters (GATs). The predominant neuronal GABA transporter GAT1 is localized in GABAergic axons and nerve terminals, where it is thought to influence GABAergic synaptic transmission, but the details of this regulation are unclear. To address this issue, we have generated a strain of GAT1-deficient mice. We observed a large increase in a tonic postsynaptic hippocampal GABAA receptor-mediated conductance. There was little or no change in the waveform or amplitude of spontaneous inhi

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Bai, Xianshu, Frank Kirchhoff, and Anja Scheller. "Oligodendroglial GABAergic Signaling: More Than Inhibition!" Neuroscience Bulletin 37, no. 7 (2021): 1039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-021-00693-w.

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AbstractGABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS acting at two distinct types of receptor: ligand-gated ionotropic GABAA receptors and G protein-coupled metabotropic GABAB receptors, thus mediating fast and slow inhibition of excitability at central synapses. GABAergic signal transmission has been intensively studied in neurons in contrast to oligodendrocytes and their precursors (OPCs), although the latter express both types of GABA receptor. Recent studies focusing on interneuron myelination and interneuron-OPC synapses have shed light on the importance of GABA signaling in th

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Tremblay, Sara, Vincent Beaulé, Sébastien Proulx, et al. "Relationship between transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of intracortical inhibition and spectroscopy measures of GABA and glutamate+glutamine." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 5 (2013): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00704.2012.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can provide an index of intracortical excitability/inhibition balance. However, the neurochemical substrate of these measures remains unclear. Pharmacological studies suggest the involvement of GABAA and GABAB receptors in TMS protocols aimed at measuring intracortical inhibition, but this link remains inferential. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) permits measurement of GABA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations in the human brain and might help in the direct empirical assessment of the relationship between TMS inhibitory measures

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Massey, Stephen C., David M. Linn, Christopher A. Kittila, and Wajid Mirza. "Contributions of GABAA receptors and GABAC receptors to acetylcholine release and directional selectivity in the rabbit retina." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (1997): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800011652.

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AbstractGABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina and it acts at many different sites via a variety of postsynaptic receptors. These include GABAA receptors and bicuculline-resistant GABAC receptors. The release of acetylcholine (ACh) is inhibited by GABA and strongly potentiated by GABA antagonists. In addition, GABA appears to mediate the null inhibition which is responsible for the mechanism of directional selectivity in certain ganglion cells. We have used these two well-known examples of GABA inhibition to compare three GABA antagonists and assess the contributio

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Ulloor, Jagadish, Vijayakumar Mavanji, Subhash Saha, Donald F. Siwek, and Subimal Datta. "Spontaneous REM Sleep Is Modulated By the Activation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental GABAB Receptors in the Freely Moving Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 4 (2004): 1822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01104.2003.

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Considerable evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) in the brain stem are critically involved in the regulation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. GABA and its various receptors are normally present in the PPT cholinergic cell compartment. The aim of this study was to identify the role of GABA and its receptors in the regulation of REM sleep. To achieve this aim, specific receptors were activated differentially by local microinjection of selective GABA receptor agonists into the PPT while quantifying its effects

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Osawa, Yoko, Dingbang Xu, David Sternberg, et al. "Functional expression of the GABAB receptor in human airway smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 5 (2006): L923—L931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00185.2006.

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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and exerts its actions via both ionotropic (GABAA/GABAC) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors (R). In addition to their location on neurons, GABA and functional GABAB receptors have been detected in nonneuronal cells in peripheral tissue. Although the GABABR has been shown to function as a prejunctional inhibitory receptor on parasympathetic nerves in the lung, the expression and functional coupling of GABAB receptors to Gi in airway smooth muscle itself have never been described. We detec

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Ulrich, Melanie, Silke Seeber, Cord-Michael Becker та Ralf Enz. "Tax1-binding protein 1 is expressed in the retina and interacts with the GABAC receptor ρ1 subunit". Biochemical Journal 401, № 2 (2006): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061036.

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Macromolecular signalling complexes that link neurotransmitter receptors to functionally and structurally associated proteins play an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission. Thus the identification of proteins binding to neurotransmitter receptors describes molecular mechanisms of synaptic signal transduction. To identify interacting proteins of GABAC (where GABA is γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors in the retina, we used antibodies specific for GABAC receptor ρ1–3 subunits. Analysis of immunoprecipitated proteins by MALDI–TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of

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Molagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka, Mirissa Hewage Dumindu Kavinda, Hyung Won Ryu та ін. "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inhibits α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenesis through GABAA and GABAB Receptors". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 15 (2021): 8257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158257.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human cortex. However, whether GABA regulates melanogenesis has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we reveal that GABA (20 mM) significantly inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular (from 354.9% ± 28.4% to 126.5% ± 16.0%) and intracellular melanin contents (from 236.7% ± 11.1% to 102.7% ± 23.1%) in B16F10 melanoma cells, without inducing cytotoxicity. In addition, α-MSH-induced hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae was inhibited from 246.3% ± 5.4% to 116.

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Gros, Mónica, Belén Gros, José Emilio Mesonero, and Eva Latorre. "Neurotransmitter Dysfunction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Emerging Approaches for Management." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (2021): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153429.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder whose aetiology is still unknown. Most hypotheses point out the gut-brain axis as a key factor for IBS. The axis is composed of different anatomic and functional structures intercommunicated through neurotransmitters. However, the implications of key neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine in IBS are poorly studied. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence about neurotransmitter dysfunction in IBS and explore the potential therapeutic approaches. IBS patients

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Liske, S., та M. E. Morris. "Extrasynaptic effects of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) agonists on myelinated axons of peripheral nerve". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, № 4 (1994): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-054.

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Effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) on the excitability of myelinated fibers of isolated amphibian sciatic nerves and their dorsal and ventral spinal roots have been compared with those of a GABAA agonist, THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol), and the GABAB agonist baclofen. Graded, prolonged increases in the amplitude of A-fiber half-maximal compound action potentials of Rana ballenderi sciatic nerves were evoked by GABA (Rmax = 49%, EC50 = 0.1 mM); responses to THIP were smaller (Rmax = 34%, EC50 = 1.1 mM) and with a different, distinctly b

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Mapelli, Lisa, Paola Rossi, Thierry Nieus, and Egidio D'Angelo. "Tonic Activation of GABAB Receptors Reduces Release Probability at Inhibitory Connections in the Cerebellar Glomerulus." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 6 (2009): 3089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91190.2008.

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In the cerebellum, granule cells are inhibited by Golgi cells through GABAergic synapses generating complex responses involving both phasic neurotransmitter release and the establishment of ambient γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Although at this synapse the mechanisms of postsynaptic integration have been clarified to a considerable extent, the mechanisms of neurotransmitter release remained largely unknown. Here we have investigated the quantal properties of release during repetitive neurotransmission, revealing that tonic GABAB receptor activation by ambient GABA regulates release probab

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DERIU, Daniela, Martin GASSMANN, Susan FIRBANK, et al. "Determination of the minimal functional ligand-binding domain of the GABAB(1b) receptor." Biochemical Journal 386, no. 3 (2005): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040804.

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In the mammalian central nervous system, slow inhibitory neurotransmission is largely mediated by metabotropic GABAB receptors (where GABA stands for γ-aminobutyric acid), which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor gene family. Functional GABAB receptors are assembled from two subunits GABAB(1) (GABAB receptor subtype 1) and GABAB(2). For the GABAB(1) subunit, which binds the neurotransmitter GABA, two variants GABAB(1a) (GABAB receptor subtype 1 variant a) and GABAB(1b) have been identified. They differ at the very N-terminus of their large glycosylated ECD (extracellular domain). To simp

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Minic, Zeljka, Donal S. O'Leary, and Tadeusz J. Scislo. "NTS adenosine A2a receptors inhibit the cardiopulmonary chemoreflex control of regional sympathetic outputs via a GABAergic mechanism." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 1 (2015): H185—H197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00838.2014.

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Adenosine is a powerful central neuromodulator acting via opposing A1 (inhibitor) and A2a (activator) receptors. However, in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), both adenosine receptor subtypes attenuate cardiopulmonary chemoreflex (CCR) sympathoinhibition of renal, adrenal, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity and attenuate reflex decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate. Adenosine A1 receptors inhibit glutamatergic transmission in the CCR pathway, whereas adenosine A2a receptors most likely facilitate release of an unknown inhibitory neurotransmitter, which, in turn, inhibits the

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Yuan, Fengling, Jiejun Zhou, Lingxiu Xu, et al. "GABA receptors differentially regulate life span and health span in C. elegans through distinct downstream mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 5 (2019): C953—C963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00072.2019.

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GABA, a prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter, is best known to regulate neuronal functions in the nervous system. However, much less is known about the role of GABA signaling in other physiological processes. Interestingly, recent work showed that GABA signaling can regulate life span via a metabotropic GABAB receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the role of other types of GABA receptors in life span has not been clearly defined. It is also unclear whether GABA signaling regulates health span. Here, using C. elegans as a model, we systematically interrogated the role of various GABA re

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Mellor, J. R., and A. D. Randall. "Synaptically Released Neurotransmitter Fails to Desensitize Postsynaptic GABAA Receptors in Cerebellar Cultures." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 5 (2001): 1847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.1847.

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GABA concentration jump experiments performed on membrane patches predict that postsynaptic GABAAreceptors will become desensitized following the release of the contents of a single GABA-containing synaptic vesicle. To examine this we used a single synaptic bouton stimulation technique to directly examine whether postsynaptic GABAA receptors in cultured cerebellar granule cells exhibit transmitter-induced desensitization. In a large number of recordings, no evidence was found for desensitization of postsynaptic GABAAreceptors by vesicularly released transmitter. This was the case even when as

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Lüddens, Hartmut, and Esa R. Korpi. "GabaA Receptors: Pharmacology, Behavioral Roles, and Motor Disorders." Neuroscientist 2, no. 1 (1996): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107385849600200109.

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τ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, exerts its main action through GABAA receptors. They belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels and respond to GABA by the opening of an intrinsic anion channel. Multiple GABAA receptor subtypes in the brain show differential regional and developmental expression patterns. The receptors have a pentameric structure and are formed from members of at least three different subunit families (α1–6, β1–3, and τ1–3). The regulation of functional properties by GABA and its analogs and by benzo

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Kilb, Werner. "Development of the GABAergic System from Birth to Adolescence." Neuroscientist 18, no. 6 (2011): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858411422114.

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The neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), acting via inotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors, plays an essential role in a variety of distinct neuronal processes, including regulation of neuronal excitability, determination of temporal aspects of spike trains, control of the size and propagation of neuronal assemblies, generation of oscillatory activity, and neuronal plasticity. Although the developmental switch between excitatory and inhibitory GABAA receptor–mediated responses is widely appreciated, the fact that the postnatal maturation of the GABAergic system lasts until la

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Owens, David F., Xiaolin Liu, and Arnold R. Kriegstein. "Changing Properties of GABAA Receptor–Mediated Signaling During Early Neocortical Development." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (1999): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.570.

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Evidence from several brain regions suggests γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can exert a trophic influence during development, expanding the role of this amino acid beyond its function as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Proliferating precursor cells in the neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) express functional GABAA receptors as do immature postmigratory neurons in the developing cortical plate (CP); however, GABAA receptor properties in these distinct cell populations have not been compared. Using electrophysiological techniques in embryonic and early postnatal neocortex, we find that GABAA receptor

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Greenblatt, Eric P., and Xin Meng. "Divergence of Volatile Anesthetic Effects in Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Receptors." Anesthesiology 94, no. 6 (2001): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200106000-00017.

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Background The mechanism of volatile anesthetic (VA) action is unknown. Inhibitory receptors for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine are typically positively modulated by VAs and may be important targets for their action. The existence of a GABA receptor subtype (p), which is uniquely inhibited by VAs, suggested a chimeric receptor approach to identify portions of these proteins that may be necessary for anesthetic effects. Methods A silent mutation resulting in the addition of a unique restriction enzyme recognition site was introduced in GABA receptor type A alpha

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Tian, Jide, Blake Middleton, and Daniel L. Kaufman. "GABAA-Receptor Agonists Limit Pneumonitis and Death in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Mice." Viruses 13, no. 6 (2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13060966.

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There is an urgent need for new approaches to limit the severity of coronavirus infections. Many cells of the immune system express receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and GABA-receptor (GABA-R) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Lung epithelial cells also express GABA-Rs, and GABA-R modulators have been shown to limit acute lung injuries. There is currently, however, no information on whether GABA-R agonists might impact the course of a viral infection. Here, we assessed whether clinically applicable GABA-R agonists could be repurposed for the treatment of a l

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Xie, Z., K. P. M. Currie, A. L. Cahill, and A. P. Fox. "Role of Cl– Co-Transporters in the Excitation Produced by GABAA Receptors in Juvenile Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 6 (2003): 3828–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00617.2003.

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GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. However, in neonatal animals, activation of Cl–-permeable GABA receptors is excitatory and appears to depend on the expression of a Na+-K+-2Cl– cotransporter (NKCC) that elevates intracellular Cl– levels, leading to a depolarized Cl– equilibrium potential ( ECl). The change from excitation to inhibition appears to involve the expression of the K+/Cl– co-transporter, KCC2, which lowers intracellular Cl– levels resulting in a hyperpolarized ECl. In this study, we show that bovine chromaffin cells from 4- to 5-mo-old an

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Jiang, Zheng, and Wen Shen. "Role of Neurotransmitter Receptors in Mediating Light-Evoked Responses in Retinal Interplexiform Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (2010): 924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00876.2009.

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Interplexiform (IP) cells are a long-neglected group of retinal neurons the function of which is yet to be determined. Anatomical study indicates that IP cells are located in the inner nuclear layer, juxtaposed with the third-order neurons. However, the synaptic transmission of IP cells in the inner retina is poorly understood. Using whole cell patch-clamp and pharmacological techniques, we extensively studied synaptic receptors in IP cells. The IP cells in amphibian retinal slices were identified by electrical and morphological properties with voltage-clamp recording and Lucifer yellow dialys

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Hughes, Thomas E., Russell G. Carey, Javier Vitorica, Angel L. de Blas, and Harvey J. Karten. "Immunohistochemical localization of GABAA receptors in the retina of the new world primate Saimiri sciureus." Visual Neuroscience 2, no. 6 (1989): 565–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003503.

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AbstractA large population of amacrine cells in the retina are thought to use GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in their synaptic interactions within the inner plexiform layer. However, little is known about their synaptic targets; the neurons that express the receptors for GABA have not been clearly identified. Recently, the GABAA receptor has been isolated and antibodies have been raised against it. These antibodies have proven useful for the immunocytochemical localization of the receptor, and two brief reports describing the distribution of GABAA receptor immunoreactivity in the retin

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Huang, Chun-Ping, Yi-Wen Lin, Der-Yen Lee, and Ching-Liang Hsieh. "Electroacupuncture Relieves CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain Involving Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (October 20, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6784735.

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Neuropathic pain caused by peripheral tissue injuries to the higher brain regions still has no satisfactory therapy. Disruption of the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is one of the underlying mechanisms that results in chronic neuropathic pain. Targeting neurotransmitters and related receptors may constitute a novel approach for treating neuropathic pain. We investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic constriction injury- (CCI-) induced neuropathic pain. The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia pain behaviors were relieved by 15 Hz EA but not

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Gaspary, Heidi L., Wengang Wang, and George B. Richerson. "Carrier-Mediated GABA Release Activates GABA Receptors on Hippocampal Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 1 (1998): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.270.

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Gaspary, Heidi L., Wengang Wang, and George B. Richerson. Carrier-mediated GABA release activates GABA receptors on hippocampal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 270–281, 1998. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters are electrogenic and sodium-dependent and can operate in reverse when cells are depolarized or when there is reversal of the inward sodium gradient. However, the functional relevance of this phenomenon is unclear. We have examined whether depolarization induced by a physiologically relevant increase in extracellular [K+] leads to sufficient amounts of carrier-mediated GABA release to

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Sallard, Erwan, Diane Letourneur, and Pascal Legendre. "Electrophysiology of ionotropic GABA receptors." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 78, no. 13 (2021): 5341–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03846-2.

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AbstractGABAA receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels and ionotropic receptors of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates. In this review, we discuss the major and diverse roles GABAA receptors play in the regulation of neuronal communication and the functioning of the brain. GABAA receptors have complex electrophysiological properties that enable them to mediate different types of currents such as phasic and tonic inhibitory currents. Their activity is finely regulated by membrane voltage, phosphorylation and several ions. GABAA receptors are pentameric and are assemble

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Glitsch, Maike. "Selective Inhibition of Spontaneous But Not Ca2+-Dependent Release Machinery by Presynaptic Group II mGluRs in Rat Cerebellar Slices." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (2006): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01282.2005.

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Two main forms of neurotransmitter release are known: action potential-evoked and spontaneous release. Action potential-evoked release depends on Ca2+entry through voltage-gated Ca2+channels, whereas spontaneous release is thought to be Ca2+-independent. Generally, spontaneous and action potential-evoked release are believed to use the same release machinery to release neurotransmitter. This study shows, using the whole cell patch-clamp technique in rat cerebellar slices, that at the interneuron- Purkinje cell synapse activation of presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors suppress

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Lutz, P. L., and S. L. Leone-Kabler. "Upregulation of the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor during anoxia in the freshwater turtle brain." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 5 (1995): R1332—R1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.5.r1332.

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The freshwater turtle brain survives anoxia by decreasing its energy expenditure. During this anoxic period there is a sustained release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This study investigated whether there was a corresponding change in the binding properties of the GABAA/benzodiazepine (GABA/BDZ) receptor. Turtles (Trachemys scripta) were subjected to a 100% N2 atmosphere for up to 24 h. After exposure, the cerebral cortex was dissected out, and saturation binding assays for GABA/BDZ receptors were performed using the radioligand [3H]flunitrazepam. Control t

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Lambert, N. A., and W. A. Wilson. "Discrimination of post- and presynaptic GABAB receptor-mediated responses by tetrahydroaminoacridine in area CA3 of the rat hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 2 (1993): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.2.630.

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1. The effects of the K+ channel blocker 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) on the actions of baclofen and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at post- and presynaptic GABAB receptors were studied with whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in area CA3 of rat hippocampal slices. 2. The effect of THA on postsynaptic GABAB receptor-mediated responses was studied in neurons perfused internally with potassium gluconate and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). At a holding potential of -70 mV, the GABAB receptor agonist (+/-)-baclofen (30 microM) induced an outward current and increased membrane conductance.

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WANG, HAO, KELLY M. STANDIFER, and DAVID M. SHERRY. "GABAA receptor binding and localization in the tiger salamander retina." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 1 (2000): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800171020.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the retina and also appears to act as a trophic factor regulating photoreceptor development and regeneration. Although the tiger salamander is a major model system for the study of retinal circuitry and regeneration, our understanding of GABA receptors in this species is almost exclusively based on the results of physiological studies. Therefore, we have examined the pharmacological binding properties of GABAA receptors and their anatomical localization in the tiger salamander retina. Radioligand-binding studies showed

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Hara, Koji, Edmond I. Eger, Michael J. Laster, and R. Adron Harris. "Nonhalogenated Alkanes Cyclopropane and Butane Affect Neurotransmitter-gated Ion Channel and G-protein–coupled Receptors." Anesthesiology 97, no. 6 (2002): 1512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200212000-00025.

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Background Anesthetic mechanisms of nonhalogenated alkanes cyclopropane and butane are not understood. This study was designed to look at which neurotransmitter receptors are possible targets for these anesthetics. Methods Effects of cyclopropane and butane on eight recombinant receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were examined electrophysiologically. To address molecular mechanisms of interaction with glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, cyclopropane was further tested on alpha1(S267C) glycine receptor and alpha2(S270X)beta1 GABA(A) receptors that were mutated to

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Janssen, Daniel, Christian Derst, Jean-Michel Rigo, and Emmy Van Kerkhove. "Cys-Loop Ligand-Gated Chloride Channels in Dorsal Unpaired Median Neurons of Locusta migratoria." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 5 (2010): 2587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00466.2009.

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In insects, inhibitory neurotransmission is generally associated with members of the cys-loop ligand-gated anion channels, such as the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), the GABA-gated chloride channels (GABACl), and the histamine-gated chloride channels (HisCl). These ionotropic receptors are considered established target sites for the development of insecticides, and therefore it is necessary to obtain a better insight in their distribution, structure, and functional properties. Here, by combining electrophysiology and molecular biology techniques, we identified and characterized GluC

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Dietl, M. M., R. Cortés, and J. M. Palacios. "Neurotransmitter receptors in the avian brain. III. GABA-benzodiazepine receptors." Brain Research 439, no. 1-2 (1988): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)91496-5.

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Müller, Frank, Reimund Boos, and Heinz Wässle. "Actions of GABAergic ligands on brisk ganglion cells in the cat retina." Visual Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (1992): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800010828.

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AbstractGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian retina. We tested the actions of iontophoretically applied GABAergic ligands on the spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of retinal ganglion cells recorded extracellularly in the in vivo cat eye.GABA as well as GABAA receptor agonists inhibited all brisk ganglion cell types. This action was antagonized by bicuculline. Bicuculline on its own increased the activity of ON-ganglion cells but suppressed OFF-ganglion cells. This suppression effect was abolished during the blockade of glycinergic tran

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Evenseth, Linn Samira Mari, Mari Gabrielsen, and Ingebrigt Sylte. "The GABAB Receptor—Structure, Ligand Binding and Drug Development." Molecules 25, no. 13 (2020): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133093.

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The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor (GABAB-R) belongs to class C of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Together with the GABAA receptor, the receptor mediates the neurotransmission of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent decades, the receptor has been extensively studied with the intention being to understand pathophysiological roles, structural mechanisms and develop drugs. The dysfunction of the receptor is linked to a broad variety of disorders, including anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction, memory and cancer. Despite

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Williamson, A., A. E. Telfeian, and D. D. Spencer. "Prolonged GABA responses in dentate granule cells in slices isolated from patients with temporal lobe sclerosis." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 1 (1995): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.378.

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1. Medial temporal lobe sclerosis is a common pathological finding in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. This disease is characterized by extensive cell loss in the hilus and the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 cell fields in addition to synaptic reorganization throughout the dentate gyrus. 2. The dentate granule cells from hippocampal slices of patients diagnosed with medial temporal lobe sclerosis exhibit reduced synaptic inhibition with concommitant hyperexcitability. These physiological changes were studied relative to the hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe tumors i

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Walker, R. J., and L. Holden-Dye. "Evolutionary aspects of transmitter molecules, their receptors and channels." Parasitology 102, S1 (1991): S7—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000073261.

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Classical transmitters are present in all phyla that have been studied; however, our detailed understanding of the process of neurotransmission in these phyla is patchy and has centred on those neurotransmitter receptor mechanisms which are amenable to study with the tools available at the time, for example, high-affinity ligands, tissues with high density of receptor protein, suitable electrophysio-logical recording systems. Studies also clearly show that many neurones exhibit co-localization of classical transmitters and neuropeptides. However, the physiological implications of this co-local

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Sueviriyapan, Natthapong, Daniel Granados-Fuentes, Tatiana Simon, Erik D. Herzog та Michael A. Henson. "Modelling the functional roles of synaptic and extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor dynamics in circadian timekeeping". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, № 182 (2021): 20210454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0454.

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In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary neurotransmitter. GABA can signal through two types of GABA A receptor subunits, often referred to as synaptic GABA A (gamma subunit) and extra-synaptic GABA A (delta subunit). To test the functional roles of these distinct GABA A in regulating circadian rhythms, we developed a multicellular SCN model where we could separately compare the effects of manipulating GABA neurotransmitter or receptor dynamics. Our model predicted that blocking GABA signalling modestly increased synchrony among circadian cells, consistent

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Richerson, George B., and Yuanming Wu. "Dynamic Equilibrium of Neurotransmitter Transporters: Not Just for Reuptake Anymore." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 3 (2003): 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00317.2003.

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Many electrophysiologists view neurotransmitter transporters as tiny vacuum cleaners, operating continuously to lower extracellular neurotransmitter concentration to zero. However, this is not consistent with their known behavior, instead only reducing extracellular neurotransmitter concentration to a finite, nonzero value at which an equilibrium is reached. In addition, transporters are equally able to go in either the forward or reverse direction, and when they reverse, they release their substrate in a calcium-independent manner. Transporter reversal has long been recognized to occur in res

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Berninger, B., S. Marty, F. Zafra, M. da Penha Berzaghi, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm. "GABAergic stimulation switches from enhancing to repressing BDNF expression in rat hippocampal neurons during maturation in vitro." Development 121, no. 8 (1995): 2327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.8.2327.

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gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian central nervous system. However, GABA depolarizes immature rat hippocampal neurons and increases intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Here we show, that GABA and the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol induce c-Fos immunoreactivity and increase BDNF mRNA expression in embryonic hippocampal neurons cultured for 5 days. In contrast, after 3 weeks in culture, GABA and muscimol failed to induce c-fos and BDNF expression. Fura-2 fluorescence microscopy revealed that muscimol produces a dihydropyridine-sensitive tran

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Erlitzki, Ronit, Yuewen Gong, Manna Zhang та Gerald Minuk. "Identification of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit types in human and rat liver". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, № 4 (2000): G733—G739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.g733.

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GABA is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter that binds to heterooligomeric receptors in the mammalian brain. In a previous study, we documented specific GABA binding to isolated rat hepatocytes that resulted in inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation. The purpose of the present study was to define the nature of hepatic GABAA receptors and to document their expression during rapid liver growth (after partial hepatectomy). PCRs with gene-specific primers derived from published sequences were performed with Marathon-ready human and rat liver cDNA. Two GABAA receptor subunit types (β3 and ε) were

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Golovenko, M. Ya. "Subunit compositions of GABAA receptors determining the diversity of physiological processes and neurotropic properties of medicines." Clinical pharmacy 25, no. 1 (2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/cphj.21.1541.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) became known as a potentially important chemical in the brain 50 years ago, but its significance as a neurotransmitter was fully found 16 years later. It is now known that at least 40 % of the inhibitory synaptic activity in the mammalian brain is accounted for by GABA. Аim. To analyze achievements in the study of the physiological and pharmacological role of GABA receptor subtypes, their potential applications in drug development and updated information on the clinical development of subtype-selective GABA receptor compounds. Results. The GABAA-receptor complex

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Wen, Da-chao, Yi-bei Li, Xiao-Yu Hu, Wu Lin, Ling-yan Jia, and Sen Zhong. "Effect of ASF (a Compound of Traditional Chinese Medicine) on Behavioral Sensitization Induced by Ethanol and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304718.

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ASF composed by semen and epimedium herbal is a traditional plant compound that is widely used in the treatment of insomnia. Studies have shown that saponins and flavonoids contained in semen can significantly decrease the content of excitatory neurotransmitter Glu in mice. And the total flavone of YinYangHuo can increase the release of GABA in the anterior periventricular system of rat and increase the affinity of GABA for the receptors GABAA. It can be inferred that their synergism may have effect on the neurotransmitter that causes behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference i

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Li, Yi-Fan, Keshia L. Jackson, Javier E. Stern, Brandon Rabeler, and Kaushik P. Patel. "Interaction between glutamate and GABA systems in the integration of sympathetic outflow by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): H2847—H2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00625.2005.

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The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a central site known to modulate sympathetic outflow. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters within the PVN dictate final outflow. The goal of the present study was to examine the role of the interaction between the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the regulation of sympathetic activity. In α-chloralose- and urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of glutamate and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; 50, 100, and 200 pmol) into the PVN produced dose-dependent increases in renal sympathetic

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Werner, Felix-Martin, and Rafael Coveñas. "Neural Networks in Generalized Epilepsy and Novel Antiepileptic Drugs." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 4 (2019): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190319121505.

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Background:In previous works, alterations of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy have been reported.Objective:We reviewed the alterations of these neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the following brain areas involved in generalized epilepsy: hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex. In these brain areas, the neural networks are also actualized. The mechanisms of action of newer antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of generalized epilepsy are also discussed.Results:Up-dating the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide alterations,

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Cheng, Victor Y., Robert P. Bonin, Mary W. Chiu, J. Glen Newell, John F. MacDonald, and Beverley A. Orser. "Gabapentin Increases a Tonic Inhibitory Conductance in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons." Anesthesiology 105, no. 2 (2006): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200608000-00015.

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Background The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of gabapentin remain poorly understood. The chemical structure and behavioral properties of gabapentin strongly suggest actions on inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); however, gabapentin does not directly modulate GABAA or GABAB receptors. Two distinct forms of GABAergic inhibition occur in the brain: postsynaptic conductance and a persistent tonic inhibitory conductance primarily generated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. The aim of this study was to determine whether gabapentin increased the to

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Dionisio, Leonardo, Ignacio Bergé, Matías Bravo, María del Carmen Esandi та Cecilia Bouzat. "Neurotransmitter GABA Activates Muscle but Not α7 Nicotinic Receptors". Molecular Pharmacology 87, № 3 (2014): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.095539.

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Schuller, Hildegard M. "Regulatory Role of G Protein-coupled Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer Development and Progression." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 22 (2018): 2566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170303121708.

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Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with rising incidence and a high mortality rate. Smoking, psychological stress, diabetes, pancreatitis and alcohol abuse are known risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Objective: Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling for the prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Method: Review of published literature. Results and Conclusion: All known risk factors for pancreatic cancer cause hyperactive cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via cancer stimulating Gαs-coupled beta-adrenergic and prostaglandin E2

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