Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gabès (Tunisie)'
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Ayec, Hamdi Mohamed. "Industrialisation et environnement : étude d'un cas : Gabes (Tunisie)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100021.
Full textAbdedaïem, Slaheddine. "Mutations socio-agro-spatiales et mode de gouvernance de l'eau dans les oasis "périurbaines" du gouvernorat de Gabès (Sud-est tunisien) : de la raréfaction d'une ressource à la crise d'un patrimoine." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100035.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the problem of water irrigation in the peri – urban oases of the district of Gabes. Through a look-back at the past , the thesis tries to focus on the existing relations between the scarcity of water resources , the great social changes as well as the ways of management of this resource hence the reorganization of the agricultural system within the oasis. Being located close to a coastal area increasingly attractive that resulted in an urbanization wave the rural oases are facing an unprecedented shift caused by human pressure due to rural drift. Consequently, this shift has put the oases face to a paradox. As a matter of fact, this research is mainly interested in the current dynamics as well as in the social, agricultural and spatial diversity in the midst of the oasis of Gabes. It also reveals that the severe decline of agricultural activities, caused by either abandoning this traditional work or by urban expansion, has not prevented the advent of some new strategies of adaptation that would fit the new urban, economic and social context. However identifying the various contributors to water management on the local level , their logic and the modality of governing of the water resources which are linked to the social, economic and political choices of our country( decentralization- disengagement –privatization – contribution ) permits to better understand the nature and the level of both the economic and political factors at stake. The conclusion shows that the water scarcity in the oasis is not only physical but it is also the result of the overexploitation of the resources in addition to its governance mode. Unfortunately, the “ Group of collective interest” GIC which is a social structure created by the State in order to ensure a both reasonable and fair management of water, turned to be the main cause of its scarcity , waste ,debt and the discrimination between users. Thus it is recommended that a suitable policy be based on sustainable development of the oases as multifunctional heritage where the environmental, the economic, the social and the cultural aspects are kept in perfect harmony
Mahmoud, Abdessalem. "Les attitudes des jeunes âgés de quinze à vingt-quatre ans à l'égard du travail et du loisir dans une société traditionnelle en mutation : étude empirique à Gabes, Tunisie." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H045.
Full textIn this study, the author tries to demonstrate that recent mutations in Tunisian society which are generating new values in work and in leisure. The author begins, by exposing the different theoratical approaches, to the notions of youth, work and leisure. He tries to criticize these concepts from an epistemological point of view, and confront them with the socio-cultural realities of society on the way of development. From an empirical standpoint, it seems that Tunisian yougsters have specific practices of free-time. These are standed out by a pre-established cultural spcific "ethos" which is interfering with those of the industrial and post-industrial societies. All these results are drawn to an inquiry led on a sample of two hundred youngsters aged between fifteen and twenty four. He also makes a qualitative analysis of the concepts of youth, work and leisure, through the comparison between the socio-cultural reality of the young in Tunisia and the one in industrial and postindustrial societies
Mokhtar, Belgacem. "Production foncière et immobilière dans l'agglomération de Gabès (Tunisie) : facteurs et impacts spatiaux." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR4506.
Full textSinee the late sixties, gabes city has started an era of sudden economic changes: (industrialisation). These changes have, in a short period of time, totally transformed the social structures and let to an urban expansion which has never been seen before. Prices of fields and lodgings have fastly increased resulting in the appearance of several physical or moral persons whose main activity is speculation and production of building areas or lodgings either to sell or rent. The new social relationships and the localising critera introduced by those who maintain the economic power were the origins of the rise of a complicated land and building productional system. One should study this system (the factors, agents, forms,) and anlyse the city expansive mecanisms and the urban space structure of a recently industrialised city. This thesis includes four parts: 1: from a town to an agglomeration. 2: the evolution of urban field prices. 3: the land and building agents and forms production. 4: urban growth and city planning problems
Moussa, Mohammed Kamel. "Ville et industrie : le cas de Gabès, Tunisie." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010520.
Full textThe development of southern tunisia, a neglected area until independence, has been embarked upon by the administrative authorities as a measure to estblish a greater balance between the regions. It is against this background that the industrialisation of gabes city took off. Our aim is to carry out an appraisal of the impacts of industrialisation on the urban space and particularly on the urban structure. Our approach in this appraisal will be aimed at exposing the problems of urbanisation, analysing the shortcomings in planning and determining the necessary instruments for a better organisation of urban life in the region. The first part which is on industrial development and the evolution of the economic structures, shows that industrialisation brought about far reaching changes. These include a signifiant increase in urban facilities and shifts in the traditional activites in the city. These advantageous effects not withstanding, industrialisation also caused serious imbalance in other sectors, particularly that of environment. Gabes, like every industrial city, is faced with problems of pollution control. The second part which deals with demography and urban evolution, highlights the consequences of rapid population growth leading to uncontrolled and anarchic urbanisation. This is mainly because the rapid urban growth was not marched with the provision of adequate infrastructures, especially as regards public transport
Neifar, Bassem. "Littoralisation et aménagement de l'espace : les modèles socio-spatiaux du golfe de Gabès (Tunisie)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10015.
Full textJabeur, Chedia. "La pêche dans le golfe de Gabès : interactions techniques entre les métiers et exploitation partagée du rouget rouge (Mullus surmuletus L., 1758)." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2037.
Full textGhannouchi, Rachid. "Diagnostic de la pollution des eaux du golfe de Gabès par le complexe chimique : proposition d'un traitement." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10060.
Full textRomdhane, Abderrazak. "Evolution des systèmes agro-pastoraux et dynamiques locales dans la délégation d'El Hamma-Gabès Sud tunisien." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100045.
Full textThe district of el Hamma in the north east of Tunisia has known socio-economic changes reflecting the agro-pastoral customs of the beni-zid people. The changes found expression in the privatization of land collectives, the creation of new irrigated perimeters and the expense of the covered lands, the planning of some steppes where we can see olivers and fruit trees behind the tabias near the jebels and the construction of many habitations. New strategies of agro-pastoral production in the south of Tunisia are dominated but next ways of managing natural resources like buying animal feeds, sale of water for animals and transhumance towards the north of the country. This investigation is an attempt to analyses and value all these changes "pastoral breeding continues of play an important economic role». Agriculture in the frequent difficulties for farmers whose viability never seems assured. The climatic conditions and the tribal traditions were not considerate in the different actions of management. Nevertheless, the improve use of water, better defense of animals and showing the advantages of Oglet Marteba and el Bhaier could be able to augment the revenues and prevent further exodus from rural areas and defend against desertification
Tlig, Fadhila. "Communication environnementale et intelligence territoriale : un appui au Groupe Chimique Tunisien site de Gabès." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2014.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the link between the environmental communication of Tunisian Chemical Group (TCG) site of Gabès, and the momentum of a territorial dynamic intelligence between this company and its stakeholders. In a particular context of an industrial chemical pollution, the territorial actors become aware of the need to cooperate together for a sustainable development of their region. As a first step, we identify the stakeholders of the TCG Gabès in relation to the process of environmental communication to locate, in a second step, if there is (how or why) a dynamic of territorial intelligence between them. Two methodological steps are used in this study: an analysis of thematic content that focuses on a sample of nearly twenty players where six of these players are ecological associations; and a guide for interviews that embodies the three ethical principles of a territorial intelligence, participation, global/balanced approach, and partnership. The results obtained in this study show the existence of some practices of territorial intelligence. Our recommendation is for a better involvement of the public as well as the private actors and associations based on a participatory approach, or more specifically based on the use of digital technologies
Halouani, Ghassen. "Modélisations de la dynamique trophique d'un écosystème Méditerranéen exploité : le Golfe de Gabès (Tunisie)." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0076/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of trophic structure and functioning of the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia. In order to reconcile environmental concerns and exploitation of marine resources, different ecosystem models have been developed to study the ecosystem dynamics and contribute to the discussion on the implementation of management plans. A spatial and temporal dynamic model “Ecospace” was built to evaluate the ecosystem consequences of different management measures based on scenarios derived from the current regulation. The results of simulations allowed to investigate the interactions between coastal and benthic trawl fishing and to identify areas where management measures are effective. An end-to-end model has been applied to the gulf of Gabes ecosystem to represent the dynamics of 11 high trophic level species, from climate forcing to fishing.This modelling approach consists in forcing the individual-based model "OSMOSE" by a biogeochemical model "ECO3M-Med". This model allowed to establish a coherent representation of the food web and simulate theoretical management scenarios of spatial fishing closure. The end-to-end model has also been used to study the sensitivity of a set of ecological indicators to fishing pressure. The simulation of different levels of fishing mortality showed that size indicators were the most relevant to monitor the impact of fishing in the gulf of Gabes. Finally, a comparative approach between several Mediterranean ecosystems was applied using the EcoTroph model to compare their trophic structures and explore the effects of different levels of fishing pressure through the analysis of their trophic spectra
Drira, Zaher. "Contribution à la compréhension du fonctionnement du golfe de Gabès : étude des caractéristiques dynamiques et structurales des communautés phyto-zooplanctoniques en relation avec la variabilité environnementale et les caractéristiques hydrographiques des zones côtières et océaniques." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2012.
Full textIn the first chapter, we describe the gulf of Gabes and the initiation of the different experimental protocol to estimate the biological parameters such as phytoplankton and zooplankton. The protocol for physical and chemical measurements (temperature, water density, dissolved oxygen, suspended matter and nutrients compounds) was also detailed in this study. The relation-ship between physico-chemical and biological parameters was studied to characterize the trophic stature in the gulf of Gabes. In the second chapter, we have studied during a summer cruise (July 2005) the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The spatial and temporal variations of these latter were also studied during four different sampling periods (July 2005, May-June 2006, September 2006 and March 2007) in relation with hydrographic conditions. The phytoplankton community distribution in the Gulf of Gabes occurs throughout the coastal-open sea gradient. The phytoplankton ecology in the Gulf of Gabes is complex due to the interaction of various factors (water movements, urban interferences, marine traffic. . . ). Therefore, it seems that urban interferences might be crucial in inducing phytoplankton growth along the coast. Nutrient loading, urban and industrial wastes were the essential comerstones of the aquatic eutrophication control at least the coastal water of the Gulf and therefore the degradation of the water quality and influencing the proliferation of phytoplankton (including toxic dinoflagellates). The Gulf of Gabes is characterized by an oligotrophic status and particularly by the existence of a summer stratification which impacts on phytoplankton development chiefly in the off-shore area. In the open sea, the coexistent of different water masses, namely the Mediterranean water and the MA W could be deterrnining factors of phytoplankton development. In addition, the coastal area and particularly the socio-economically important Djerba Island reveal high toxic species K. Selliformis, suggesting that excess reactive nitrogen is derived primarily from fertiliser applications, animal wastes and fuel combustion. For the zooplankton community, copepods in the gulf of Gabes were the most abundant throughout the sampling period, contributing from 69 to 83% of the total zooplankton. The copepod density was gradually more important with the increasing of water temperature values started in May-June 2006 until a therrnocline established in summer period (July 2005 and September 2006). Ln contrast, during March 2007 in which the water column was well-mixed, the copepod abundance was decreased. The copepod community was dominated by Cyclopoid representing by Oithona nana species. The zooplankton community was dominant in the stratified period, however the phytoplankton community was more developed in semi-mixed conditions (May-June 2006), suggesting a grazing of the phytoplankton by copepod
Louati, Afifa. "Etude de la pollution par hydrocarbures des sédiments côtiers de la région de Sfax (Golfe de Gabès - Tunisie)." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066580.
Full textʿAbd, al-Ḥamīd Mahā. "Les transformations socio-spatiales des oasis de Gabès (Tunisie) : déclin des activités agricoles, urbanisation informelle et dégradation de l'environnement à Zrig, des années 1970 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100134.
Full textThis dissertation relates to an oasis area (a still productive agricultural land) which is being informally urbanized: in the Zrig oasis, south-east of Gabes, the habitat has proliferated without building permit since 1980.In this new urban space, a double social marginalization affects farmers who lost their land as well as newcomers with often precarious resources. The environment and the local agricultural heritage are also impacted.Zrig is a detail (in apictorial sense) of the future of the Gabes oasis. A research work on the space of Zrig and its transformations resembles the chronicle of an announced degradation. Indeed, the degradation can be identified at two levels: the transformation of an oasis area into a deformed urban space, and the development of informal socio-economic practices related to the strategies of space occupants and to their relations with local authorities. In addition to the data provided by official and academic surveys, this work is based on the results of a long-term survey that I conducted from 2010 to 2016 Zrig, those of yesterday and those of today, in order to collect their representations of the spatial and social transformations that affected the oasis. But also to study the building practices of informal settlement sand the strategies of newcomers for this purpose
Aissaoui, Cherifa. "Les mollusques du Golfe de Gabès (Méditerranée sud-orientale) : néo-endemisme ou variations écophénotypiques ?" Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0014/document.
Full textThe present Mediterranean marine fauna is the result of a history going back to the Messinian Salinity Crisis, with current biogeographical patterns mostly reflecting Quaternary to modern oceanographic conditions. The Gulf of Gabès, in southern Tunisia, is remarkable for its extreme ecological characteristics that distinguish it from "ambiant" Mediterranean conditions. Starting with the work of malacologists at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the molluscs of the Gulf of Gabès have been recognized as exhibiting morphological characters that set them apart from more typical forms that occur in the rest of the Mediterranean. At present, 6% of the species of the overall Gulf of Gabès mollusc fauna are treated as valid local endemics. Using an integrative taxonomy approach, combining molecular and morphological data, the objective of the study is to re-evaluate the status of these Gulf of Gabès local forms: are they valid, endemic species or do they represent ecophenotypic variation? Given the young geological age (6-8 ka) of the Gulf, where would local endemics have originated? The gastropod genera Jujubinus (Trochidae), Diodora (Fissurellidae), Tritia (Nassariidae) Ocinebrina (Muricidae), Muricopsis (Muricidae) and Aplus (Buccinidae) all have in common non-planktotrophic larval development. Our integrative approach confirms the validity of some of the endemic taxa, but also infirm that others are not valid species; molecular data also reveal unsuspected cryptic lineages both within and outside the Gulf. Regarding the question of the origin of the endemic species, various hypotheses have been proposed, one of them being that the Gulf of Gabès is a “speciation factory”. To formally test this hypothesis, more molecular data (coupled with fossil record data) are needed from other species groups and from other localities in the Mediterranean (specifically the Gulf of Syrte)
Mezghani-Chaari, Sawssan. "Effet de la pollution urbaine et industrielle sur le système endocrinien : évaluation des conséquences sur la reproduction de "Ruditapes decusatus" issue du golfe de Gabès (Tunisie)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH25/document.
Full textOur study aimed to assess the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in the Gulf of Gabes area (Tunisia), their effects on the reproductive potential of the marine bivalve, Ruditapes decussatus as well as elucidating their mechanisms of action. To achieve these goals, several methodologies have been deployed, such as laboratory in vivo exposures (to urban or industrial effluents, estradiol), and in situ sampling to assess the risk of such substances on this ecosystem by using a multiparametric approach based on different levels of biological organization in clams (from biochemical level to the population level). We have demonstrated the presence of reprotoxic compounds along the south-eastern coast of Tunisia. The results revealed, a strong correlation between chemical contamination (cadmium, estrogenic and androgenic activities in sediment) and some reproductive parameters (oocyte diameter, vitellogénine and glycogen levels) and, a particular site (El hofra) that differs from all the other studied sites in this polluted context. Clams from this station seem to suffer from endocrine disruption probably resulting from a synergistic effect between both cadmium contamination and the presence of chemicals acting as estrogens and androgens in the environment. In parallel to this in situ study, three laboratory experiments were performed. The results showed that exposure to a mixture of chemical compounds released by the Sfax wastewater treatment plant had an adverse impact on the reproductive potential of R. decussatus, by inducing vitellogenin synthesis and stimulating reproduction in both sexes. Results of the exposure of organisms to 17β-estradiol alone, revealed that the estrogenic compound could contribute to the observed effects on the reproductive cycle of the test animals in the previous experiment. This natural hormone has induced deleterious effects and may play a role in the physiology of the clam. To study its mechanism of action via estrogen receptors, a partial cDNA of the gene was isolated and characterized from the clam R. decussatus. However, analysis of the transcriptional response did not show a significant change in the gene expression in males as well as in females following exposure to estrogens (17β-estradiol, urban and industrial effluents)
Ben, Rouina Soumaya. "Reconstitution des paléoenvironnements et des évènements extrêmes au cours du Quaternaire à l'oued El Akarit (Golfe de Gabès, Sud de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0036/document.
Full textThree cores varying from 5 to 6 m of depth were taken throughout in the El Akarit River (Gulf of Gabes, south of Tunisia): two on the left river bank and the last at the mouth. The study of the sedimentology (particle size), mineral (clay minerals) and micropaleontology (quantitative and qualitative study of ostracods, foraminifera, charophytes and the calculation of the Shannon / equitability diversity index) deposits content allowed us to reconstruct the paleoenvironments evolution since the Pleistocene in this region. The mouth core (AK1), permitted us to date precisely the studied deposits and reconstruct the events chronology controlling the sedimentation. The Pleistocene phase (> 45 000 years BP) shows a continental estuarine environment evolving toward a vast open lagoon during the Pleistocene marine transgression (MIS5e). Then, the formation of a sand bar isolates the lagoon from the marine environment. The lower and middle Holocene deposits are absent in the mouth deposits. This could be interpreted by the emersion of the zone or by the erosion of deposits. The late Holocene (last 3000 years B.P) phase is characterized by the succession of three extreme events (floods and storms) episodes. At 1 and 2 km from the current shoreline (AK2 and AK3 cores respectively), the continental deposits show an intercalation of marine deposits and pebble levels suggestive of an extreme events occurrence. The existence of the 8000 yr BP deposits "Cardium pocket” at 9 m of the current sea, show a marine influence (planktonic foraminifera abundance). It is apparently an exceptional event that would cause extreme transport of planktonic foraminifera inside the El Akarit lagoon
Saïd, Abderrahman. "La question du relevé et de l'état des lieux de la ville de Gabès : essai de topoétique architecturale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772128.
Full textLachenal, Anne-Marie. "Ecologie des ostracodes du domaine méditerranéen : application au golfe de Gabès (Tunisie orientale) : les variations du niveau marin depuis 30 000 ans." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10037.
Full textBel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0022.
Full textCommercial harbors, which represent the basis for numerous exchanges of goods and services at the national and international levels, play a key role in the Tunisian economy. Then, dredging of accumulated sediments has always been required to have a proper functioning of trade by sea. These sediments are either discarded at sea or landfilled. Disposal at sea is prohibited for polluted sediments but it remains the most adopted solution in Tunisia as it is the cheapest one.The objective of this research project is to study the environmental and geotechnical characteristics of sediments dredged from two Tunisian harbors: Rades and Gabes and to find new paths of management of at least one of these dredged sediments. Focus is made on the possibility of a recycling method, which consists in the reuse of sediments as added product in construction or road materials. This solution should have a great economic and environmental interest. The first harbor represents the main facility place in the national transport chain. The second one is selected as its sediments present a serious ecological constraint caused by the discharge of wastes into the marine environment. Physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics are determined in order to draw up an accomplished synopsis of studied sediments
Zrelli, Radhouan El. "Modalités des transferts des éléments traces métalliques dans la partie centrale du Golfe de Gabès, Tunisie : une approche géochimique, minéralogique, sédimentologique et biologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30232.
Full textThe Gulf of Gabes, located in the oriental Mediterranean basin, has many particular properties making it very sensitive to anthropogenic contaminations. One of the distinguishing features of Gabes Gulf is low water flush-activity related mainly to its orientation and morphology marked by its largely-extended shallow plateau as well as to the limited influence of Atlantic water currents. For more than 50 years, than 200 million tons of phosphogypsum (by-product of phosphoric acid production) have been continuously dumped in this vulnerable environment leading to an accentuated degradation of the local benthic habitat represented mainly by the seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica. Within this context, knowing the characterization of phosphogypsum will certainly help to identify the different transfer modalities of the metals (composing the initial phosphate ore) within the marine environment. The pollutants load of phosphogypsum is mainly associated to the organic matter which aggregates during the transfer process via the evacuation channel leading to the formation of floating foam. These latter foams are passively transported by winds and local currents to distant areas and are found to be rich in organic matter with an amphipathic character that makes them act as a surfactant in contact with seawater. The skeleton of phosphogypsum foam was also found to be composed of synthetic gypsum as well as halite, sphalerite and francolite. The degradation of the phosphogypsum foam is accentuated by the degree of agitation/hydrodynamics of the marine environment through the dissolution of gypsum, leading to the release of its polluting components following the swell amplitude. It is worth noting that a limited metal fraction passes directly into solution. These latter metals are hence transported by the coastal currents. As for the phosphate grains, they are trained towards the south either by rolling-saltation or in suspension, and end by accumulating mainly in Chat Essalam beach due to the hydrodynamics effects exerted by the ports structures leading to modify the coastline. In addition, the toxic metals affect also the surface sediments as well as the benthic organisms and hence these latter can inform about the health status and the contamination history of the local marine environment. Within this context, the mats of Posidonia oceanica meadows can be used as an archiving tool of the contamination history in the Gulf of Gabes and allow hence retracing the evolution of metallic contamination of sea waters since the set-up of the coastal industrial complex in Gabes city (i.e. 1972). Finally, a first assessment of the financial losses linked to the ecosystemic services provided by Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds to coastal fisheries activity was conducted allowing to evaluate the cost of a part of the negative consequences linked to the industrial chronic pollution at the central part of Gabes Gulf
Bel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957865.
Full textHattab, Tarek. "Impacts du changement global sur les assemblages d’espèces exploitées sud méditerranéens, application au golfe de Gabès (Tunisie) : de la modélisation des niches aux conséquences trophiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20041/document.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot highly affected by several sources of disturbances interacting synergistically: global warming, habitat loss and overfishing threaten marine biodiversity and disrupt the ecosystem balance. To ensure a sustainable management of coastal marine ecosystems according to the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries, it is necessary to study the ecosystem responses to these disturbances. However, despite the variety of global change studies in Mediterranean areas, ecosystems responses to these changes remain poorly understood and particularly at the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea. In this PhD thesis, the Gulf of Gabes was chosen as study area since it is one of the most affected regions by global change which makes it a mesocosm model of more regional patterns that occur in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, as a first step, we replaced the Gulf of Gabes in its biogeographic and ecosystem regional context. This was achievied through a phylogenetic-based delineation of biogeographical species pools of coastal Mediterranean fishes and using an ecosystem model to describe its structure and functioning in comparison with other Mediterranean ecosystem model properties. We therefore projected potential future geographic ranges and assemblages composition of biogeographical exploited species pool according to global warming and habitat loss scenarios. Then we assessed their effects on food web structure. Taking into account the taxonomy and inter-species evolutionary relationships, we generate a new bioregionalisation of the continental shelf based on the turnover of lineages. Our results showed that climate is the major driver of species distribution and assemblage's composition. In addition, the exploration of phylogenetic dissimilarity across the Tunisian coast highlighted four major biogeographic areas showing a low spatial congruence with zoning used for fisheries management in Tunisia.Projected range shifts of the 60 main exploited species of the Gulf of Gabes through the implementation of a new climate model (NEMOMED8) revealed that, by the end of the century, 34 species could contract their ranges including 12 species that could become locally extinct across the Gulf of Gabes. Furthermore, by combining Posidonia meadows loss scenarios and climate change projections, our results showed that the magnitudes of the changes range induced by climate change are larger than those resulting from the loss of habitat.The Ecopath mass-balance model allowed us to describe the structure and functioning of the ecosystem of the Gulf of Gabes in comparison with other Mediterranean ecosystems. These models encompass the entire trophic spectrum from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels as well as the main fishing activities in the area. The model results showed that, among the fishing activities studied, bottom trawling was identified as the activity having the widest-ranging impacts across the different functional groups and the largest impacts on some commercially-targeted demersal fish species. Finally, to study the effects of species range shift on food web structure, we used a new methodology to infer trophic interactions between species. Based on the robust relationship between the size of prey and predators, we predicted the current food webs and project potential changes in their structures. We found that a significant portion of the Gulf of Gabes would face an increase of connectance and an extension of trophic pathways in parallel with a decrease in the number of prey per predator and the number of predators per prey. This PhD thesis paves the way towards the understanding of the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functioning
Abdou, Khaled. "Evaluation des impacts environnementaux du chalutage de fond et de l'aquaculture en Tunisie : approche comparative par les Analyses de Cycle Vie (ACV)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0141/document.
Full textThe main goal of ecology is to place human activities within a framework of sustainable development by enhancing their economic benefits, their social attractiveness and their environmental performances. Ecosystems that support fisheries and aquaculture are subject to several alterations of significant relevance to their functioning and to their abilities to provide goods and services. Therefore, the long-term sustainability of fishing and aquaculture is a major concern from an environmental and ecological viewpoint. Both activities carry risks of negative environmental impacts because of its close relation with the immediate environment. To better understand environmental impacts and ensure the sustainability of fishing and aquaculture, it is necessary to develop an integrative sciencebased approach to impact assessment. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as a robust method to estimate potential environmental impacts associated with a product. It allows the assessment of environmental impacts “from cradle to grave”, taking into account all stages of a product’s life. This thesis focuses on the adaptation of LCA to demersal trawling and aquaculture in Tunisia. The goal is to explore how LCA improves the environmental evaluation of seafood production systems and how it helps to better understand their links with the environment. Results revealed that rearing practices and fish feed were the greatest contributors to the impacts studied due to the production of fish meal and oil and the low efficiency of feed use. The study also showed that impact intensity of demersal trawling was proportional to the amount of fuel consumed. LCA is a valuable tool for assessing how to improve environmental sustainability of demersal trawling and aquaculture
Boussarsar, Marwa. "Modélisation physique du rôle des paramètres rhéologiques et cinématiques dans la structuration des bassins de type pull-apart : exemple du bassin d'El Hamma-Gabès, Tunisie centrale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR032.
Full textAnalogue models for the formation of pull-apart basin have involved basal discontinuities that transmit upward the movements and stresses into the overlying cover. Here we present a series of models realized according to an innovative conceptual model that allows the formation of pull-apart basins above a viscous layer, under the sole effect of lateral movement in the cover, independently of the basement.. This work is inspired by a natural example, the El Hamma-Gabes basin, , in central Tunisia.This Basin is an extensional relay zone between two main strike-slip corridors (CCP) of a N100-110 trend. These corridors are the surface expression of the crustal shear zone called "South Tunisian Accident". They are marked by right-lateral transtensional slip during the N80 extensional episode during the Upper Cretaceous, and right-lateral transpressional kinematics during the N140 compression episode during the Neogene. These movements ensured and maintained the extension of the relay zone during both extensive and compressive tectonic events. In the relay zone the sedimentary cover is directly coupled with its pre-triassic basement, in its southern part in the absence of the upper Triassic evaporites.The sub-surface structures shows a horst-and-graben system that connect to the main strike-slip corridors (CCP). Two mega-grabens are identified: the El Hamma graben to the west and (2) the Chenchou graben to the east, separated by the J. Hallouga Horst. Each one of these grabens is internally structured into a sequence of smaller-scale horsts and grabens. In vertical sections, "hourglass" structures formed by the along-strike interconnection of grabens affecting the Upper Cretaceous series develop in the northern part of the relay zone. These structures have an amount of extension greater than that in the southern part, and seem to result from greater decoupling between the cover and basement related to the presence of U Triassic evaporitic deposits in this northern part of the relay zone.Analogue models show that: 1- When a basal viscous layer (silicone) is uniformly distributed across the entire relay zone, the pull-apart basin that forms comprises two grabens, each one connected to the frontal end of one of the (CCP). The boundary faults of these structures have curved traces. Their obliquity is that of Riedel-R-type faults at the junction to the (CCP), and becomes accentuated to take the orientation of Riedel-R'-type faults, away from it. Diapirs occur locally along the graben axes. Restoration of the deformation stages allows us to evidence three successive stages of diapirism: reactive stage associated with the opening of the graben, active and then passive synkinematics. Collapse of the diapir roof occurs at an advanced stage of deformation once the salt layer is depleted but extension continues. The "hourglass" structures develop in the syntectonic layers by upward propagation of normal faults and their interference.2 - In models with lateral density change in the décollement’s density and viscosity, the amount of extension in the relay zone appears to be greater in the area having the lowest density. The graben connected to the (CCP) on the side of this zone is more structured. Also, hourglass structures appear only in this high extension zone. There, diapirism may occur at the junction between the pull-apart basin and the (CCP) on this same side.A Digital Images Correlation analysis applied to models where the density of the layer varies, allowed us to highlight, in a quantitative and illustrated way, the distribution of the displacement fields and of the deformation rate, its spatio-temporal evolution as well as the relation between this evolution and the rheology of the detachment level
Abdou, Khaled. "Evaluation des impacts environnementaux du chalutage de fond et de l'aquaculture en Tunisie : approche comparative par les Analyses de Cycle Vie (ACV)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0141.
Full textThe main goal of ecology is to place human activities within a framework of sustainable development by enhancing their economic benefits, their social attractiveness and their environmental performances. Ecosystems that support fisheries and aquaculture are subject to several alterations of significant relevance to their functioning and to their abilities to provide goods and services. Therefore, the long-term sustainability of fishing and aquaculture is a major concern from an environmental and ecological viewpoint. Both activities carry risks of negative environmental impacts because of its close relation with the immediate environment. To better understand environmental impacts and ensure the sustainability of fishing and aquaculture, it is necessary to develop an integrative sciencebased approach to impact assessment. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has emerged as a robust method to estimate potential environmental impacts associated with a product. It allows the assessment of environmental impacts “from cradle to grave”, taking into account all stages of a product’s life. This thesis focuses on the adaptation of LCA to demersal trawling and aquaculture in Tunisia. The goal is to explore how LCA improves the environmental evaluation of seafood production systems and how it helps to better understand their links with the environment. Results revealed that rearing practices and fish feed were the greatest contributors to the impacts studied due to the production of fish meal and oil and the low efficiency of feed use. The study also showed that impact intensity of demersal trawling was proportional to the amount of fuel consumed. LCA is a valuable tool for assessing how to improve environmental sustainability of demersal trawling and aquaculture
Smaoui-Damak, Wafa. "Effets de la contamination in situ (golfe de Gabès) par le cadmium sur la synthèse des métallothionéines et sur le potentiel reproducteur de la palourde Ruditapes decussatus." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT25VS.
Full textOur study related to the in situ bioaccumulation of Cd in the clam, and its effects on their reproductive potential, in two sites of the gulf of Gabès: "El Hofra" strongly contaminated and "Bordj d'Ungha" less impacted. The clams from El Hofra present the strongest Cd concentrations, with seasonal fluctuations reflecting the phenomenon of biological dilution, primarily related to the stage of development of gonads. The concentrations of Cd and metallothioneins (MTs) are higher in digestive gland than in the gills. They are significantly correlated in the digestive gland for the clams of the two sexes from El Hofra, and for the males from Bordj d'Ungha. The study of the reproductive cycles revealed a delay of the maturity of the gametes in the females of the contaminated site. Cd could disturb the activity of the gonads by creating an hormonal imbalance. The shift with the period of maturity of the males could influence the reproductive potential of this species
Karray, Sahar. "Etude écotoxicologique et phylogéographique de la coque Cerastoderma glaucum issue du Golfe de Gabès : réponse adaptative (in situ et in vivo) au stress métallique et structure génétique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1007/document.
Full textCerastoderma glaucum is an adequate biological model for phylogeographic and ecotoxicological studies.A study of its genetic structure in the Western Mediterranean sea was conducted using two markers types: mitochondrial and nuclear. The DNA mitochondrial marker results show a divergent population from all the other ones (Ellouza South ofTunisia).An ecotoxicological study of populations sampled from Ellouza site and two other nearby sites in the Gulf of Gabes region was carried out in order to study the adaptive response of natural populations of C. glaucum at different levels of biological organization from the individual level to the cellular and molecular ones. In parallel, two laboratory experiments were performed to clarify the mechanisms that may explain the success or failure of maintaining populations of C. glaucum. In thefirst one, industrial effluents were used and in the second we have used a pure contaminant, the cadmium. These studies experiments concerned individual and molecular levels. Different biomarkers involved in the response to different types of stress: (MT), (ABCB1) (MnSOD and CuZnSOD) (CAT) (HSP70) and (COI) were used in natural and exposed cockles.Results showed the importance of energy metabolism in response to stress whatever the used approach (in situ / Experimental) through the regulation of the expression of the COI gene
Carpentier, Irène. "Les révolutions silencieuses des oasis du sud tunisien : crise des modèles et réponses locales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H102.
Full textIn a context of rising social demands and a crisis in development models, this work questions the transformations of the oasis territories of southern Tunisia drawing on an analysis of the diversification of practices of local resource exploitation. The research devotes particular attention to the economic, social and technological innovations that characterize certain emerging forms of valorization and to the political dimension they carry. Adopting a social geography approach, the analysis is based on a comparison of the continental oasis of Tozeur and the coastal oasis of Gabès, making it possible to identify the diversity of the processes that influence the dynamics of these territories. This approach calls into question an understanding of oases as exceptional environments and underlines the need to integrate into the analysis the diversity of actors deploying their strategies in the oasis territories and to reintegrate the latter into their regional and national political context. The analysis shows that the transformation of oasis territories is characterized by partly contradictory dynamics; on the one hand, national development policies have had the effect of marginalizing ancient oases, subjecting them to a series of threats – desertification, urbanization, abandonment that call into question their sustainability; on the other hand, the rise of environmental concerns and the emergence of new tourism and living environment related demands has fostered a dynamics of heritage requalification of oases based on an idealization of their traditional systems that is publicized by a booming associative sector. The diversification of valorization forms of oasis territories ranging from small family farming to agribusiness projects and leisure activities, agroecology or ecotourism also leads to increased competition for access to land and water resources and to a strengthened process of social and spatial differentiation within oasis territories. Thus, the phenomena observed underline the ambivalence of this increasingly politicized "oasis preservation" dynamics that contributes to the debate on the redefinition of development models in post 2011 Tunisia
MAGHREBI, SONIA. "Dynamique sedimentaire dans le golfe de gabes (tunisie) ; impact des amenagements cotiers." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112404.
Full textGharbi, Mohamed. "Relationship between the southern Atlas foreland and the eastern margin of Tunisia (Chotts-Gulf of Gabes) : tectono-sedimentary, fault kinematics and balanced cross section approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4340/document.
Full textThe structural architecture of the Tunisian foreland consists in a mixed tectonic style with deep-seated basement faults, shallower décollements within sedimentary cover and salt diapirism. Structural geometry and orientation of the pre-existing Triassic-Turonian extensional structures controlled subsequent contractional deformation within the sedimentary cover. The rifting of the margin started in the late Permian–Triassic and continued up to the Turonian. From the inversion of the successive compressions, the development of ENE-trending thrust-related anticlines such as the Orbata and Chemsi structures are controlled by the reactivation of the inherited Mesozoic faults. Geologic data from this region indicate that the positive tectonic inversion occurred probably during Late Cretaceous period. The Cenozoic tectonic compressions in the southern Atlassic domain occurred during three periods: Late Eocene, Late Miocene and Plio-Quaternary. The Fault kinematic analysis reveals a temporal change in states of stress that occurred during the Late Cenozoic. A paleostress (Miocene-Pliocene) state is characterized by a regional compressional tectonic regime with a mean N134±09°E trending compressional axis (σ1). A modern (Quaternary to present-day) state of stress also corresponds to compressional tectonic regime with a regionally mean N05±10°E trending horizontal σ1. This study underlines the predominant role of inherited basement structures acquired during the evolution of the southern Tethyan margin, and their influence on the geometry of the Atlassic fold-and-thrust belt. At the southern Atlas of Tunisia our restoration shows a surface shortening of ~8.1 km (~7.3%)