Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gagarina'

The work deals with a complex analysis of displacements and deformations of one bridge span of the railway bridge "Gagarin". The bridge structure was since 2009 annually measured. In addition to long-term monitoring of the bridge a 24-hour automatized monitoring was conducted in 2015 using robotic total station. The results of monitoring enables the analysis of displacements and deformations, analysis of measurement accuracy and also environmental influences on the structure - determination of the temperature dependence of deformations. Another part of the work is evaluating the long-term stability of the height reference frame that was used for geodetic epoch measuring of the bridge columns. The results of the work are the values of detected displacements and deformations, their graphical illustration, geometric interpretation and relevant characteristics of accuracy.

The content of this master´s thesis is a geodetic measuring of movements and deformations of skeleton and underwork of „Gagarin“ railway bridge during the seventh period and processing of the data got. This was done by comparison of the movements according to the fifth and sixth period. The work includes also the calibration of appliance used. The results involve figures of the movements with their graphic interpretation and calibration sheets of the appliance.

O trabalho descreve a ocorrência de gagarinita-(Y) das porções mineralizadas de criolita da base do Depósito Criolítico Maciço associado à subfácies albita granito do Granito Madeira (1.8Ma) na jazida de Pitinga (Sn, Nb, Ta e criolita), onde o Y e ETR serão explorados como co-produtos. A gagarinita forma cristais anédricos de até 7mm, intersticiais ou inclusos na criolita, de cristalização anterior à criolita dos bolsões. Todos os cristais apresentam texturas típicas de exsolução, pela primeira vez descritas em fluoretos. Os padrões de exsolução são variados. Os cristais exsolvidos têm até 0,4mm, são incolores, as cores de interferência são de primeira ordem, com birrefringência 0,005-0,007, são U(-), com retardo de 150 a 210nm. A fase exsolvida distribui-se uniformemente em toda a extensão dos grãos da gagarinita-(Y), inclusive na borda; segue uma ou mais orientações preferenciais e tem dimensões semelhantes. Podem ocorrer coalescência de diferentes cristais exsolvidos, resultando em strings e stringlets. Mais raramente, a orientação é menos evidente e as dimensões dos cristais são mais variáveis No contato gagarinita/criolita, reconhece-se a formação da fase exsolvida como anterior à cristalização da criolita. A análise modal de uma população de grãos de gagarinita-(Y) com os diversos padrões texturais de exsolução fornece o valor médio de 25,8% (considerado estatisticamente representativo) de proporção de fase exsolvida em relação à fase hospedeira. Os parâmetros cristalinos da gagarinita-(Y) determinados a partir de análises por DRX são compatíveis com os da literatura. Análises por MSE, FRX e MEV da gagarinita-(Y) mostram uma composição bastante homogênea. A fórmula estrutural média calculada na base de 2(ETR+Y+Ca) é Na0,24Ca0,58Y1,01ETR0,39F5,81. O padrão de ETR normalizado ao condrito é caracterizado por enriquecimento em ETRP e anomalia negativa em Eu. A composição da fase exsolvida obtida por MSE, calculada para um total de cátions igual a 1, é Ce0,53-0,66 La0,09-0,26 Nd0,08-0,26 Sm0,01-0,04 Eu0,01Y0-0,03 F3,3-4,14. Esta fórmula é semelhante à da fluocerita, cujos picos característicos, entretanto, não ocorrem nos difratogramas. O padrão de ETR mostra um fracionamento contínuo dos ETR com empobrecimento em ETRP e discreta anomalia positiva em Eu. A composição da gagarinita inicial foi reconstituída considerando-se as proporções modais das fases hospedeira e exsolvida, obtendo-se Na0,19Ca0,48Y0,83ETR0,69F6,27. O padrão de ETR é plano com anomalia negativa em Eu menos acentuada que na gagarinita hospedeira Antes da exsolução, o sistema mineral comportava-se provavelmente como uma solução sólida com a substituição - + 2ETR3+<=> Na+ + Ca2+ + Y3+ . Formou-se, assim, uma gagarinita inicial excepcionalmente rica em ETRL (cátions relativamente grandes) cuja presença foi compensada por vacâncias, notadamente no sítio de coordenação VI. A diminuição da temperatura desestabilizou a estrutura mineral que exsolveu os cátions de ETR com raio iônico maior que o do Sm. A gagarinita hospedeira preservou os conteúdos de Y, ETRP (com exceção do Sm que se repartiu entre ela e a fase exsolvida) e Na (e Ca), constituindo uma estrutura estável, menos afetada por vacâncias e com um balanço de cargas bastante equilibrado. A fase exsolvida é um fluoreto com razão cátions/flúor= 1/3, correspondendo à composição da fluocerita. Sua estrutura não pôde ser determinada: picos da fluocerita não foram identificados e uma estrutura semelhante à da gagarinita (razão cátions/flúor= 1/2) parece pouco provável. Estudos subseqüentes poderão definir se trata-se de um novo mineral, polimorfo da fluocerita.

This doctoral thesis provides the first major study of the Antwerp-based journal of artists' writings Gagarin. The research addresses artists' writings that are unique to this journal; providing a lead for others to undertake further studies of Gagarin and the artists that are represented in it. The editor of Gagarin, Wilfried Huet, solicits contributions from selected artists in different parts of the world and publishes what they send to him. Publications of artists' writing, and of artists' books, have a substantial history. This has resulted in problems to do with interpretation concerning writing, text, and books as art works: the opposition art/documentation, documentation as art, and artwriting are some examples. There is no editorial imperative in Gagarin to participate in any existing debate regarding the writing of artists. In fact the rationale for contributing to Gagarin is determined by the artists, as is the language of their texts. This may be made more accessible to the reader by the translation of individual artists' texts into Dutch and English if either of these is not the language of the text. For these reasons, Gagarin presents its own distinction between writing and art: that which is between 'text' and 'idiom.' It is possible that writing must be in an idiom in order to be art, such as a genre. The distinction between text and idiom is apparent when the texts take an unfamiliar or inexplicit form, they are juxtaposed to other texts or are translated. In short whenever writing can be understood as distinct from what is written. The questions to be answered by the thesis emphasize this distinction: how is space made in Gagarin? How do the artists' texts make sense? These are specified with a question common to both: to what extent are the artists in their own words?

The aim of this work was to understand the molecular mechanism of translation and the mechanism of translation termination, in particular. Cleavage of peptidyl-tRNA and peptide release terminates translation of mRNA on the ribosome. In prokaryotes, three release factors (RFs) are involved in this process. RF1 and RF2 recognise the three stop codons on mRNA and induce hydrolysis of the ester bond in peptidyl-tRNA. RF3 accelerates the rate of RF1 and RF2 recycling between ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. We have clarified the mechanism of action of peptide release factor RF3. In the cell, free RF3 is in the GDP conformation. When RF3∙GDP binds to ribosome in complex with RF1 or RF2, these ribosome complexes act as guanine exchange factors for RF3 by inducing rapid dissociation of GDP. If, and only if, the peptide has been removed from tRNA, GDP is quickly replaced by GTP. Binding of GTP to RF3 induces a conformation of the factor with high affinity for the ribosome, which forces RF1 or RF2 to rapidly dissociate. Subsequent hydrolysis of GTP on RF3 induces a factor conformation with low affinity for the ribosome and rapid release of RF3∙GDP. It was further shown how the position of peptidyl-tRNA on the ribosome and the presence or absence of its peptide regulates the binding and GTPase activity of translation factors IF2, EF-G and EF-Tu. The result explains how idling GTPase hydrolysis and negative interference between different translation factors are minimized in living cells. The present biochemical observations, in conjunction with cryo-EM results, lead to new proposals for the role of hybrid sites in translocation of tRNAs, recycling of RF1 and RF2 by RF3 and recycling of post-termination ribosomes back to a new round of initiation.

The Space Race during the Cold War was an era when the World saw great possibilities and scientific discoveries. Before 1957, the thing we call space had never been scaled by man. The Soviet Union turned this over with Sputnik 1, the very first artificial satellite which would change our way to research everything beyond Earth. Although this is true, there is also another side of Space Race which has more or less nothing to do with space at all – the politics. There is no denying that the politics about Space Race was far more essential for the United States and the Soviet Union than any scientific research. Kennedy talked about prestige and to “be ahead” in the race for space. Of course, the Americans and the Russians were fully involved and knew what could be gained from winning the race. But what about other nations? What about the Swedes? This thesis brings the Space Race to Sweden and examines two Swedish newspapers to get a clear view on how the people of Sweden actually encountered Space Race. To narrow the thesis down, the author picked two important events where the political side of Space Race is distinct – Yuri Gagarin’s orbit of the Earth in 1961 and John Glenn’s orbit of the Earth in 1962. What kind of position in the Space Race did Sweden have, and how is it reflected in the newspapers? Does the political differences in two leading tabloids affect the outcome of the articles? And which kind of theories about the Cold War could be applied on these tabloids? This kind of research is uncommon to encounter in Sweden, but it ought to be dealt with here.

Durant plusieurs décennies, au sein de ce qui s'est appelé la « banlieue rouge », Ivry-sur-Seine faisait figure de « bastion » modèle pour le Parti Communiste Français. Le communisme municipal ivryen avait fait de ses cités ouvrières des espaces laboratoires au service d'un creuset d'affiliation sociopolitique particulièrement efficace. Jusqu'au tournant des années 1980, aux cités Maurice Thorez et Youri Gagarine, les résultats électoraux enregistrés par les différents représentants communistes en ont attesté. Avec la remise en cause du modèle de politisation fondé sur l'écosystème industriel, le renouvellement des générations pose avec acuité la question des conditions de reproduction d'une affiliation sociopolitique favorable aux représentants communistes. Une approche ethnographique sur la longue durée a permis de renseigner cette question. Depuis le milieu des années 1980, la trajectoire sociopolitique contrastée des deux quartiers atteste des ruptures infra-communales touchant ce type de territoire de la banlieue parisienne. Dans le quartier Youri Gagarine, la majorité des anciennes familles ouvrières a été remplacée par les nouveaux milieux populaires essentiellement composés de populations issues de l'immigration. Entretenant une historicité tout à fait différente à l'égard de l'étiquette « communiste(s)», les nouvelles générations participent, parfois activement, d'une contestation de l'ancienne autorité politique locale. À l'inverse, dans le quartier Maurice Thorez, situé au cœur du centre-ville, les descendants des familles ivryennes les plus proches de l'appareil partisan et/ou municipal ont maintenu résidence. Dans ce quartier, autour d'une endocratie politique locale, se maintiennent des liens communautaires fonctionnant de manière relativement indépendante de l'ancien encadrement partisan. Pour de nombreuses familles ivryennes appartenant à la classe moyenne, le maintien d'une certaine autorité communiste facilite leur accompagnement social, politique et électoral des métamorphoses contemporaines du communisme municipal
For decades, Ivry-sur-Seine was seen as a model Communist stronghold within the Paris ‘Red Belt'. The particular brand of communism practiced by Ivry's municipal government had turned its working-class housing estates into laboratories directed towards the production of a singularly efficient political affiliation system. Until the watershed of the 1980s, electoral results for the various communist representatives in the Maurice Thorez and Yuri Gagarin housing estates seemed to corroborate this. The decline of the politicization model born of industrialization as well as the generation gap have radically undermined the conditions in which a socio-political affiliation system favourable to communist representatives can survive, however. The choice of a long-term ethnographic approach can give us insight into this phenomenon. Since the middle of the 1980s, the contrasting socio-political evolution of the Thorez and Gagarin allotments has testified to the intra-municipal disruption that affects this type of suburban Parisian territory. In the Yuri Gagarin area, the majority of older working-class families have been replaced with a new working-class population essentially stemming from immigration. Often unaware of the rich history of communism in their municipality, these new generations are sometimes actively involved in the challenging of the older local political authority. Downtown, on the contrary, the descendants of the families that were closest to the local party machine have maintained residency in the Maurice Thorez area. Community links have survived around a local political “endocracy” that works relatively independently from the older partisan frame. For many middle-class families living in Ivry, the maintenance of a certain communist authority makes it easier to accept the social, political, and electoral transformations of contemporary municipal communism

A jazida de Pitinga (Sn, Nb, Ta e criolita) é um depósito de classe mundial, onde o minério ocorre associado à fácies albita granito do granito Madeira (~1,83 Ga). Este trabalho é centralizado em minerais de ETR e Y, visando contribuir para o entendimento da evolução do sistema albita granito e avaliar preliminarmente o potencial desta rocha para exploração destes elementos como coprodutos. A fácies albita granito de núcleo possui concentrações de ETR de 180,76 a 12.168,04 ppm (média de 1.725 ppm) e de Y de 35,6 ppm a 7.846,1 ppm (média de 825 ppm). No albita granito de borda, as concentrações destes elementos são da ordem de 30% menores do que no de núcleo. A xenotima é o principal mineral de minério de ETR e Y. Ocorre disseminada (<0,5% no albita granito de núcleo e <1% no albita granito transicional) e na forma de aglomerados de cristais centimétricos em pegmatitos na parte central do albita granito de núcleo. É caracterizada pelo alto conteúdo de ETRP (17% a 24% no conjunto), especialmente na xenotima disseminada no albita granito de núcleo (22% a 24%). O Y na xenotima varia de 19 a 28%, os conteúdos de U, Th e Ca são baixos e uma forte correlação positiva entre Si e Th indica a ocorrência de substituição do tipo torita: Y3+ + P5+ = Th4+ + Si4+. O F ocorre em concentrações de 0,11% até 5,10% na xenotima do albita granito de núcleo, de 0,64% a 1,40% na xenotima do albita granito pegmatítico e de 0 a 0,68 na xenotima da fácies transicional. Sua incorporação na estrutura da xenotima ocorreu segundo as substituições: [PO4]5- + (Th)4+ = [ . (F)4]4- + (Y, ETR)3+ e [PO4]5- + (Ca)2+ = [ . (F)4]4- + (Na)1+. O encurtamento do parâmetro c, com o menor valor já encontrado em xenotima natural, é relacionado ao alto conteúdo de ETR e especialmente à abundância de Yb e Er. Relações invertidas com o padrão sintético YPO4 e modificações dos parâmetros a e c em diferentes proporções são relacionadas à substituição de O por F. Os dados obtidos por MSE determinaram uma idade de 1838 +/- 145Ma. A gagarinita ocorre associada ao albita granito de núcleo na base da Zona Criolítica B, onde poderá constituir um mineral de minério de ETR e Y adicionalmente à xenotima. Sua composição é Na0,24Ca0,58Y1,01(ETR)0,39F5,81. Possui abundantes inclusões (<1 mm) de fluocerita (Ce0,53-0,66 La0,09-0,26 Nd0,08-0,26 Sm0,01-0,04 Eu0,01 Y0-0,03 F3,3-4,14). Esta tem seus parâmetros cristalográficos (a= 5,97 a 5,99 e c= 3,50 a 3,53) modificados em relação aos padrões sintéticos pela presença significativa de La e Nd em solução sólida. A origem destas inclusões foi investigada detalhadamente por diversas técnicas (MET, MEV, IF) concluindo-se como mais provável sua formação através da exsolução dos ETR de raio maior do que o do Sm, a partir de uma gagarinita inicial (Na0.23Ca0.53REE0.99Y0.48F7.69) metaestável. A waimirita é um mineral novo que ocorre em veios tardios, de espessura centimétrica, associada com um polítipo da caulinita. Foi caracterizada como um fluoreto de Y [(ETR,Y)F3] no qual os ETR predominantes são os pesados (especialmente o Dy) e Ca e Na ocorrem em pequenas quantidades. A evolução geoquímica dos ETR em rocha total contraria os modelos convencionais de enriquecimento de ETRL nas fácies tardias. O efeito tetrad (mais freqüente na terceira tetra) ocorre no albita granito de núcleo, albita granito de borda, granito hipersolvus e no depósito criolítico maciço e é relacionado ao maior enriquecimento relativo de ETRP nas fácies tardias. No albita granito de núcleo, o efeito tetrad total (TEt) é de 2,48 e o na terceira tetra (TE3) é de 1,87. As partes desta rocha menos enriquecidas em ETR apresentam efeito na primeira tetra (TE1) de 1,34. As amostras extremamente ricas em ETR raramente apresentam efeito tetrad, significando que este fenômeno não está relacionado apenas com a abundância destes elementos. O TEt é maior nas porções do granito com mais flúor, porém não ocorre correlação estatística significativa deste efeito com o flúor, com as anomalias de Eu e Ce e com a razão ETRL/ETRP.
The Pitinga mine (Sn, Nb, Ta and cryolite) is a world-class deposit associated with albite-enriched facies of the Madeira granite (1.83 Ga). This study deals on RRE and Y minerals in order to contribute to the understanding of the albite-enriched system evolution and evaluate preliminarily the potential for exploitation of these elements as coproduct. The REE grades in the core albite-enriched granite ranges from 180 to 12168 ppm (average 1725 ppm) and the Y grades ranges from 35ppm to 7846 ppm (average 825 ppm). In the border albite-enriched granite, the grades are 30% lower than in the core facies. Xenotime is the principal REE and Y ore mineral. It occurs disseminated (<0.5% in the core albite-enriched granite and <1% in the transitional albite granite) and like agglomerates of centimeter crystals in the pegmatitic albite-enriched granite on central part of the core albite-enriched granite. This mineral has high contents of HREE (17% to 24% in all), especially in the core albiteenriched granite xenotime (22% to 24%). Y in xenotime ranges form 19% to 8%; U, Th and Ca contents are low and a strong positive correlation between Si and Th is related to the thorite type substitution: Y3+ + P5+ = Th4+ + Si4+. The F concentrations ranges from 0,11% to 5,10% in the core albite-enriched granite xenotime, from 0,64% to 1,40% in the pegmatitic albite-enriched granite xenotime and from 0 to 0,68% in the transitional albite-enriched granite xenotime. Its incorporation in the xenotime structure occurred through the substitutions: [PO4]5- + (Th)4+ = [ . (F)4]4- + (Y, ETR)3+ and [PO4]5- + (Ca)2+ = [ . (F)4]4- + (Na)1+. The shortening of the c parameter, the lowest value ever found in natural xenotime, is related to the high REE content and especially to the Yb and Er abundance. Reversed relations with the YPO4 synthetic pattern and modifications on the a and c parameters in different proportions are related to the replacement of O by F. The chemical data determined an age of 1,838 +/- 145Ma. Gagarinite occurs associated to the core albite-enriched granite, in the lower part of the cryolitic zone B, where it could be a mineral ore REE and Y in addition to xenotime. Its composition is Na0,24Ca0,58Y1,01(ETR)0,39F5,81. It has abundant inclusions (<1 mm) of fluocerite (Ce0,53-0,66 La0,09-0,26 Nd0,08-0,26 Sm0,01-0,04 Eu0,01 Y0-0,03 F3,3-4,14) with crystallographic parameters (a= 5.97 to 5.99 and c= 3.50 to 3.53) modified compared to synthetic standards by the significant amounts of La and Nd in solid solution. The origin of these inclusions was investigated in detail by various techniques (TEM, SEM, FI). It is most likely formed by exsolution of REE with radius greater than that of Sm, from an initial metastable gagarinite (Na0.23Ca0.53REE0.99Y0.48F7.69). Waimirite is a new mineral that occurs associated with a kaolinite polytype in later veins. It is characterized as a Y fluoride [(REE, Y)F3] in which the predominant REE are the HREE (especially Dy); Ca and Na occur in small quantities. The tetrad effect (more frequent in the third tetra) occurs in the core albiteenriched granite, border albite-enriched granite, hypersolvus granite and in the massive cryolite deposit, and is associated with HREE enrichment in the late facies. In the core albiteenriched granite the total tetrad effect (TET) is 2.48 and the third tetra (NT3) is 1.87. Portions of this rock less enriched in REE have effect in the first tetra (ES1) of 1.34. Samples extremely rich in REE rarely present tetrad effect, meaning that this phenomenon is not only related with the abundance of these elements. There is no statistically significant correlation between tetrad effect and Eu and Ce anomalies, LREE / HREE and F.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Minerals bearers of elements of the rare (ETRs) lands in Albita Granite of Nucleus of the plúton Wood (mine of Pitinga) they were studied using analytical techniques for DRX, MEV and petrografica, having been accomplished structural geological mapping of the digging of the mine with the intention of evaluating the space distribution and structural control on the occurrence of dikes pegmatites and veins with fluorita. The analyses petrográficas were accomplished seeking to understand the mineral association and the processes put upon as deformation and/or alteration hydrothermal. Analyze them of diffraction of rays X (DRX) accomplished in the affected granite by process hydrothermal, that modified the texture and composition of the rock, to identify mineral argilo and minerals related to the event hydrothermal and with occurrence of elements rare (ETR) lands, and transition (ítrio) elements. The focus of the research consists of determining the style of occurrence of the minerals bearers of ETR and transition elements and the related minerals associations the these to understand the processes formators and to postulate a model that explains the presence of these minerals in the granite. The results of the research showed that mine accessory common in granites as zircon, apatite are accompanied of exotic minerals as, cryolite, xenotime, torite, riebeckite, pyrochlore and polilitionite, mainly of origin magmatic and late derived magmatic of the crystallization of two pulses discreet granitic, registering structure in banding compositional of flow magmatic that controls the space distribution of these mines, that exhibit organization and they link with minerals albita, K-feldspar and quartz, deformed for mechanisms developed in high temperature. Fluid late magmatic formed dikes with texture pegmatite and composition granitic, whose minerals associate to zircon, criolita, xenotime, genthelvita, riebeckite, epidote, pyrochlore, gagarinite, polilitionite. It increases that happened later Pulse of fluids constituted by cassiterite, torite and oxides of iron. And pulses constituted by fluorite, allanite, fluocerite, chlorite and galena forming veins. Dikes and veins spatially present pattern of compatible orientation with model of shearing guided dextral 260° and close dive of 60° for associated N her conjugated synthetic with attitude dominant close 110° dive of 70° for S and the structure tensile with close attitude of 340° and I dip subvertical for W. This model controlled the placement of the pluton, and the development of structures with occurrence of the minerals bearers of ETRs. The fluids rich hydrothermal in ETR percolated the albite granite and they generated argilo mineral product of the alteration of the same. The structural pattern and the identified mineral association, they attest the coherence with that the minerals bearers of ETRs are distributed in the albite nucleus granite.
Minerais portadores de elementos das terras raras (ETRs) no Albita Granito de Núcleo do plúton Madeira (mina de Pitinga) foram estudados usando técnicas analíticas por DRX, MEV e petrografica, tendo sido realizado mapeamento geológico estrutural da cava da mina com o intuito de avaliar a distribuição espacial e controle estrutural sobre a ocorrência de diques pegmatíticos e veios com fluorita. As análises petrográficas foram realizadas visando entender a associação mineral e os processos sobrepostos como deformação e/ou alteração hidrotermal. As analises de difração de raios X (DRX) realizadas no granito afetado por processo hidrotermal, que modificou a textura e composição da rocha, para identificar argilo minerais e minerais relacionados ao evento hidrotermal e com ocorrência de elementos terras raras (ETR), e elementos de transição (ítrio). O foco da pesquisa consiste em determinar o estilo de ocorrência dos minerais portadores de ETR e elementos de transição e as associações minerais relacionadas a estes para entender os processos formadores e postular um modelo que explique a presença destes minerais no granito. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que minerais acessórios comuns em granitos como zircão, apatita estão acompanhados de minerais exóticos como, criolita, xenotima, torita, riebeckita, pirocloro e polilitionita, principalmente de origem magmática e tarde magmática derivada da cristalização de dois pulsos graníticos discretos, registrando estrutura em bandamento composicional de fluxo magmático que controla a distribuição espacial destes minerais, que exibem organização e se relacionam com minerais albita, K-feldspato e quartzo, deformados por mecanismos desenvolvidos em alta temperatura. Fluido tarde magmático formou diques com textura pegmatítica e composição granítica, cujos minerais associam-se a zircão, criolita, xenotima, genthelvita, riebeckita, epidoto, pirocloro, gagarinita, polilitionita. Cresce que ocorreu Pulso de fluidos mais tardio constituído por cassiterita, torita e óxidos de ferro. E pulsos constituídos por fluorita, allanita, fluocerita, clorita e galena formando veios. Diques e veios espacialmente apresentam padrão de orientação compatível com modelo de cisalhamento dextral orientado 260° e mergulho próximo de 60° para N associado a conjugado sintético com atitude dominante 110° mergulho próximo de 70° para o S e a estrutura tensiva com atitude próxima de 340° e mergulho subvertical para W. Este modelo controlou a colocação do plúton, e o desenvolvimento de estruturas com ocorrência dos minerais portadores de ETRs. Os fluidos hidrotermais ricos em ETR percolaram o albita granito e geraram argilo minerais produto da alteração do mesmo. O padrão estrutural e a associação mineral identificada, atestam a coerência com que os minerais portadores de ETRs se distribuem no albita granito de núcleo.

Il presente elaborato si pone l'obiettivo di dimostrare quanto e come la conquista del cosmo abbia influenzato la società sovietica. Partendo da un excursus storico-politico-culturale sulla corsa allo spazio e sulle svariate forme espressive (cinema, architettura, cultura popolare in genere) derivate da questo evento, si scoprirà inoltre come la fascinazione del popolo sovietico verso l'universo abbia in realtà radici molto più profonde. Queste ricerche saranno collegate alla successiva proposta di traduzione da me realizzata del capitolo "Kosmos" appartenente al libro "60-e: mir sovetskogo čeloveka" che rafforzerà la mia tesi, in quanto essa rappresenta un fedele resoconto del pensiero, stile di vita e dei valori dell'uomo medio sovietico degli anni '60. Per finire, sarà presente una breve analisi delle scelte e tecniche traduttive utilizzate, sopratutto in relazione ai vari realia e riferimenti culturali presenti nel testo.

This text analyses motives and conditions of an emergence of a hero cult of Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin and specifics of heroism which forms an entirely new category in the hero typology in the Soviet Union. The changes of the cult are documented based on an analysis of his media image in periodicals, photographies and literature from the 1960's until today (based on materials published on the occasion of the anniversary every ten years, ie. in 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2007). General conclusions are made which are shown to be characteristic of those periods. The word image is very important as the work is focused on analysis of the public image of his personality not on his real story which is hidden under layers of interpretations of realities and legends and we can be only guessing it based on various witness accounts and memories. His publicly presented (media) image is the only undoubtable source which we can reliably work with.

The Drosophila melanogaster gene yuri gagarin was first identified in a screen for aberrant behavioral responses to the mechanosensory stimulus provided by the force of gravity. This novel gene encodes Yuri isoforms of four sizes; the three larger isoforms are predicted to be composed largely of coil-forming domains, which are common protein interaction domains. The four isoforms are expressed in varying ratios throughout the animal, at all stages of development. Notably, Yuri is present in muscle tissue, localized to Actin-containing regions of the sarcomere. A male-sterile deletion allele of yuri, yuriF64, was identified and sequenced. This deletion removes roughly 500 base pairs of sequence upstream of the Yuri coding region; in these animals, the mid-sized Yuri isoforms are not expressed in any tissue, and the smallest isoform is no longer expressed in the testis. In wild-type animals, Yuri protein is present throughout the testis, and it assumes a dynamic microtubule-dependent nuclear localization pattern during the process of nuclear condensation, appearing to be a component of the "dense complex" described in ultrastructural studies of spermatogenesis. A previously undescribed filamentous Actin network co-localizes with Yuri on the nuclear surface; Yuri may act as a linker between the Actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. In yuriF64 homozygotes, no Yuri-staining or filamentous Actin structures are detected on the condensing sperm nuclei, and the basal body and centriolar adjunct are mis-localized or absent. Axonemal defects are apparent in heterozygotes and homozygotes, and the Actin-dependent sperm individualization does not take place, leaving immature sperm bound in bundles of 64. Yuri physically interacts with components of the Actin cytoskeleton (Actin, Tropomyosin 1, and Troponin T) in an in vivo pull-down assay. Tropomyosin 1 (Tm1) is the interacting protein purified in greatest abundance in the assay, suggesting that it and Yuri interact directly; this coil-forming molecule wraps actin filaments, stabilizes them against enzymatic or physical degradation, and blocks the interaction of the filament with other proteins. Tm1 is present on the condensing sperm nucleus, and Yuri co-localizes with it in muscle tissue. Thus, the defects seen in yuriF64 animals may reflect aberrant Actin dynamics arising from a lack of Yuri-Tm1 interaction.