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Journal articles on the topic 'Gaia hypothesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Clarke, Bruce. "Rethinking Gaia: Stengers, Latour, Margulis." Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276416686844.

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At its inception innocent of philosophical or metaphysical designs, the Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis was soon liberated from the precincts of scientific cultivation to enter into cultural free association. Nonetheless, scientific and scholarly attention and debate have long precipitated a bona fide discourse of Gaia theory. Moreover, intellectually serious extra-scientific figures of Gaia have also been on the rise in the last decade. This essay treats a selection of these newer Gaian figures, specifically, Isabelle Stengers’s Gaia the Intruder and Bruno Latour’s secular Gaia, in relation to Lovelock’s Gaia and Lynn Margulis’s evocations of autopoietic Gaia. When nuanced through second-order systems theory, the discourse of autopoietic Gaia satisfies Stengers’s and Latour’s demands for a non-holistic, heterogeneous yet coherent Gaia concept fit for communicative efficacy in the so-called Anthropocene epoch.

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Alcabes, Olivia D. N., Stephanie Olson, and Dorian S. Abbot. "Robustness of Gaian feedbacks to climate perturbations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 2572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa055.

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ABSTRACT The Gaia hypothesis postulates that life regulates its environment to be favorable for its own survival. Most planets experience numerous perturbations throughout their lifetimes such as asteroid impacts, volcanism, and the evolution of their host star’s luminosity. For the Gaia hypothesis to be viable, life must be able to keep the conditions of its host planet habitable, even in the face of these challenges. ExoGaia, a model created to investigate the Gaia hypothesis, has been previously used to demonstrate that a randomly mutating biosphere is in some cases capable of maintaining planetary habitability. However, those model scenarios assumed that all non-biological planetary parameters were static, neglecting the inevitable perturbations that real planets would experience. To see how life responds to climate perturbations to its host planet, we created three climate perturbations in ExoGaia: one rapid cooling of a planet and two heating events, one rapid and one gradual. The planets on which Gaian feedbacks emerge without climate perturbations are the same planets on which life is most likely to survive each of our perturbation scenarios. Biospheres experiencing gradual changes to the environment are able to survive changes of larger magnitude than those experiencing rapid perturbations, and the magnitude of change matters more than the sign. These findings suggest that if the Gaia hypothesis is correct, then typical perturbations that a planet would experience may be unlikely to disrupt Gaian systems.

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Crosby, Sarah L. "Gaia Again // De nuevo Gaia." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2016.7.1.996.

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Book review of Toby Tyrrell's On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth and of Michael Ruse's The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet. Resumen Reseña de On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth de Tyrrell y de The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet de Michael Ruse.

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4

Mészáros, E. "Gaia hypothesis and atmospheric aerosol." Acta Physica Hungarica 65, no. 2-3 (June 1989): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03156081.

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5

Lovelock, James E. "Hands up for the Gaia hypothesis." Nature 344, no. 6262 (March 1990): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344100a0.

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6

Baerlocher, F. "The Gaia hypothesis: A fruitful fallacy?" Experientia 46, no. 3 (March 1990): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01951752.

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7

Craik, J. C. A. "The Gaia Hypothesis - Fact or Fancy?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 4 (November 1989): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032136.

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Many large-scale properties of the biosphere are affected or determined by the activities of living organisms and are maintained at remarkably constant values over long periods. For example, the oxygen content of the atmosphere appears to have been maintained near its present value for hundreds of millions of years, despite the rapid flux of oxygen between production by plants and consumption by animals and decomposing microorganisms. (In this article, I shall use 'biosphere' to denote the whole of the concentric shell of the planet Earth which holds life, and 'biota' to mean all living organisms. Others have sometimes used 'biosphere' to mean the latter.) Lovelock was the first to show clearly how the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, unlike that of Mars or Venus, was held well away from thermodynamic equilibrium by the activities of living organisms (Lovelock, 1983). Other biospheric properties, such as temperature and oceanic pH and salinity, have similarly remained fairly constant despite the existence of large perturbing influences (Lovelock, 1979).

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8

Moody, David E. "Seven misconceptions regarding the Gaia hypothesis." Climatic Change 113, no. 2 (December 17, 2011): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0382-4.

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9

Kovalenko, A. G. "“Gaia hypothesis”, or “Science of curse”." RUDN Journal of Sociology 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-2-384-388.

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The article is a review of the book by A. Etkind, which is based on the data of sociology, history, economics, political science and statistics: the author describes the relationship between raw materials and humankind to suggest a way out of the dramatic collision ( The Nature of Evil. Raw Materials and the State . Moscow: New Literary Review, 2023. 504 p.). The second edition of the book confirms the relevance of its agenda in the contemporary situation. The chronological framework of the book covers the history from antiquity to the present day: the author shows how the key raw materials changed from timber and grain in the past to oil and gas in the present, and how such changes affected not only tastes and lifestyle but also political systems and economic vectors, which, in turn, had the opposite effect on the choice of raw materials. The author argues that the desire to possess raw materials and the intensity of their extraction and processing determined the geopolitical interests of the states, led to wars and, ultimately, to new state borders. The author introduces the concept “addictivity of raw materials” in the life of the individual and societies, which implies an unjustified dependence on a certain type of raw materials (sugar, tobacco, opium or oil), and this dependence led to global disproportions and changed the ‘natural’ historical process.

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10

Rubin, Sergio, and Michel Crucifix. "Taking the Gaia hypothesis at face value." Ecological Complexity 49 (March 2022): 100981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2022.100981.

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11

Kirchner, James W. "The Gaia hypothesis: Can it be tested?" Reviews of Geophysics 27, no. 2 (1989): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg027i002p00223.

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12

Tyrell, Toby. "The Gaia hypothesis: the verdict is in." New Scientist 220, no. 2940 (October 2013): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62532-4.

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13

Free, Andrew, and Nicholas H. Barton. "Do evolution and ecology need the Gaia hypothesis?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, no. 11 (November 2007): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.007.

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14

Žukauskaitė, Audronė. "Gaia Theory: Between Autopoiesis and Sympoiesis." Problemos 98 (October 23, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.98.13.

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The article discusses the development of the Gaia Hypothesis as it was defined by James Lovelock in the 1970s and later elaborated in his collaboration with biologist Lynn Margulis. Margulis’s research in symbiogenesis and her interest in Maturana and Varela’s theory of autopoiesis helped to reshape the Gaia theory from a first-order systems theory to second-order systems theory. In contrast to the first-order systems theory, which is concerned with the processes of homeostasis, second-order systems incorporate emergence, complexity and contingency. In this respect Latour’s and Stengers’s takes on Gaia, even defining it as an “outlaw” or an anti-system, can be interpreted as specific kind of systems thinking. The article also discusses Haraway’s interpretation of Gaia in terms of sympoiesis and argues that it presents a major reconceptualization of systems theory.

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15

SUGIMOTO, T. "Darwinian Evolution Does Not Rule Out the Gaia Hypothesis." Journal of Theoretical Biology 218, no. 4 (October 21, 2002): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(02)93091-2.

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SUGIMOTO, TAKESHI. "Darwinian Evolution Does Not Rule Out the Gaia Hypothesis." Journal of Theoretical Biology 218, no. 4 (October 2002): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2002.3091.

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17

Crutzen, Paul J. "A Critical Analysis of the Gaia Hypothesis as a Model for Climate/Biosphere Interactions." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.11.2.5.

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18

Evans, N. Wyn. "The early merger that made the galaxy’s stellar halo." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S353 (June 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319009700.

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AbstractThe last two years have seen widespread acceptance of the idea that the Milky Way halo was largely created in an early (8-10 Gyr ago) and massive (>1010Mȯ) merger. The roots of this idea pre-date the Gaia mission, but the exquisite proper motions available from Gaia have made the hypothesis irresistible. We trace the history of this idea, reviewing the series of papers that led to our current understanding.

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19

Lovelock, J. E. "The First Leslie Cooper Memorial Lecture Given at Plymouth on 10 April 1989 Gaia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69, no. 4 (November 1989): 746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032124.

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I am pleased and honoured to have been asked to give the first of the lectures in memory of Dr Leslie Cooper. I was especially moved by the thought that the invitation was made knowing that I should almost certainly choose Gaia as the topic of my lecture. I know that many of you, especially biologists, think that the Gaia hypothesis is either trivial and untestable or else a mere reiteration of conventional wisdom in poetic terms. Hardly a topic with which to commemorate Leslie Cooper's memory.You will be relieved to know that although Gaia is the theme of my talk, I shall try not to be overly partisan or dogmatic. My objective is to use Gaia theory to illustrate a top-down approach to earth and life science and try to contrast it with the bottom-up approach which is conventional in the earth and life sciences.

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20

Scerri, Eric. "The discovery of the periodic table as a case of simultaneous discovery." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2037 (March 13, 2015): 20140172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0172.

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The article examines the question of priority and simultaneous discovery in the context of the discovery of the periodic system. It is argued that rather than being anomalous, simultaneous discovery is the rule. Moreover, I argue that the discovery of the periodic system by at least six authors in over a period of 7 years represents one of the best examples of a multiple discovery. This notion is supported by a new view of the evolutionary development of science through a mechanism that is dubbed Sci-Gaia by analogy with Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis.

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21

Oppy, Graham. "Michael Ruse. The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet." Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences 2, no. 2 (2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/219597715x14369486568572.

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22

Baker, Gail A. "Using the Gaia Hypothesis to Synthesize an Introductory Biology Course." American Biology Teacher 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449598.

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23

Tiantian, Wu. "The Use of Gaia: Hypothesis, Conspiracy and Refusal of Naming." Linguistics 2, no. 4 (2020): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/lin.0204029.

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24

Trott, Elizabeth. "Must Souls be Immortal? The Gaia Hypothesis and Scientific Souls." Études maritainiennes / Maritain Studies 20 (2004): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/maritain2004206.

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25

Lasareva, Maryna. "The Gaia Hypothesis in the Context of Global Challenges of Modernity." Humanitarian vision 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2021.01.039.

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The essential break in the connection between a human and nature, crisis situations and terrible cataclysms, loneliness, awareness of fragility of one's own being, which an individual face in his everyday life, actualize the rethinking of a human's place in the world. Consequently, the interpretation of our planet as a universal living system that maintains balance and independently regulates processes, designed to provide the most optimal living conditions for all species, is gaining considerable popularity today. In addition to analyzing this issue, the purpose of the article is also to consider the processes of changing the human's consumerist attitude to nature. In the paper, the author uses a comparative-critical method, which made it possible to compare various approaches to the interpretation of Gaia and the processes that occur on our planet. The methodological basis of the article also includes general scientific methods, which allowed making an assumption that Gaia, controlling not only biological, but also mental processes, is able to spread certain ideas among living beings. In general, the article analyzes the sphere of the cultural industry, in which we are able to find artistic reflections of environmentally oriented sentiments and theories, aimed at interpreting the planet as a living organism. The results of scientific research that argue for the presence of consciousness and communication methods in living organisms (and not only human ones) are considered. In this context presented the analysis of the research, according to which a person cannot be recognized as an individual, closed, absolutely complete system. Instead, arguments are outlined in favor of defining human as a holobiont – a system of diverse organisms that constantly interact with each other.

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26

Hegarty, Anthony J. "Gaia: The Question of Consciousness." Transpersonal Psychology Review 15, no. 1 (2012): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstran.2012.15.1.10.

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This paper seeks to explore the possibility of Gaian Consciousness or the existence of an Earth Consciousness based on the hypothesis of the planet as a self-regulating system/living organism. It seeks to define the nature of this consciousness as transpersonal and it presents the author’s research, ‘Therapeutic transpersonal encounters with dolphins’, other research, and well-established documented accounts as empirical evidence of participatory, reciprocal encounters that might be termed ‘consciousness sharing’ between humans and a dynamic/spiritual aspect of our planet Earth. It further suggests that it is primarily our physical, somatic distancing or alienation from mother Earth that hinders our awareness of this consciousness.

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27

Falkowski, Paul. "The Gaia letters Writing Gaia Bruce Clarke and Sébastien Dutreuil, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 2022. 510 pp." Science 378, no. 6621 (November 18, 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8916.

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28

Traylor, Sarah. "Towards an Ecological Catholicism: Marian Pilgrimage in the Anthropocene." Religions 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9120416.

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This article analyzes how the author and environmental activist Carl Amery draws together the topics of Catholicism and ecological criticism in the pilgrimage novel Die Wallfahrer, or The Pilgrims (1986). The novel depicts the journeys of four pilgrims to the Marian shrine at Tuntenhausen in Bavaria. In their journeys towards the surprising and unorthodox Virgin Mary of Tuntenhausen, the pilgrims anticipate their ultimate journey towards Gaia, the earth goddess in Greek mythology, and the inspiration for the Gaia Hypothesis, which proposes that the Earth evolves as a system in which organisms are an active, fundamental component. This article explores how the novel recasts the pilgrim journey as a journey towards an ecological consciousness of humans’ creatureliness and increasingly detrimental impact on the web of life. Particular focus is placed on the way Amery dramatizes the connection between salvation history and the Gaia theory that has lately received renewed interest in the context of the Anthropocene debate.

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Anker, Peder. "The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet - by Michael Ruse." Centaurus 56, no. 2 (April 7, 2014): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12057.

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30

Fulton, Graham R. "Space Perspectives." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110088.

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STEPHEN Hawking recently advised that we ought not to make contact with intelligent aliens, because they would be so much more advanced than us. He states, “I think the outcome would be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which didn’t turn out very well for the Native Americans” (Hawking 2010). He suggests that aliens might simply raid the Earth for its resources and then move on. I speculate that they may use us as they would any other resource with as little respect as we have shown to other life forms with which we currently share a planet. Or perhaps they would see us as an out-of-control species of pest and, with the kindness and ethical values of an advanced species, promptly weed us from the “Gaia-garden” that we call Earth (Gaia hypothesis see Lovelock 2000). They could effectively save millions of species and restore the “Gaia-balance” for the loss of one species, plus a few others dependent on humans –– various body lice and some microscopic gut flora.

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Casado da Rocha, Antonio, and Nicolás Vallejo Morales. "Communities of practice for an ecology of the imagination: Thoreau’s Walden and the GAIA journey." Artnodes, no. 29 (February 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/artnodes.v0i29.393250.

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This article analyzes the “GAIA journey”, an initiative hosted by the Presencing Institute (PI) between March and June 2020, by discussing its precedents in terms of social art, and its potential for facilitating social change as a container in which a multitude of communities of practice can re-imagine the future. GAIA (Global Activation of Intention and Action) emerged during and in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic and associated lockdown. It aimed to virtually bring together communities to bear witness to the current moment as a way of mobilizing social change. It included online and offline interaction, both local and global, but this article focuses only on the online-global aspect of the journey. Our hypothesis is that GAIA is a contemporary instance of “social art” as initially conceptualized, among others, by Henry David Thoreau in the 19th century and Joseph Beuys in the 20th. Their seminal ideas have been put into use, developed in several cycles of iteration, and upscaled by Otto Scharmer and his colleagues at the MIT and the PI. Methods include a review of the literature, textual analysis, participant observation (Antonio Casado da Rocha took part in the whole journey), and qualitative analysis of recordings from seven live sessions over the fourteen-week duration of GAIA, in which 13,000 people from 77 countries participated.

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Medan, Ilija, Sébastien Lépine, Zachary Hartman, and Keivan G. Stassun. "Detecting New Visual Binaries in Gaia DR3 with Gaia and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) Photometry. II. Speckle Observations of 16 Low-separation Systems." Astronomical Journal 167, no. 6 (May 3, 2024): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad3af7.

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Abstract Here we present speckle observations of 16 low-separation (s < 30 au) high-probability candidate binaries from the catalog by Medan et al., where secondaries typically lack astrometric solutions in Gaia. From these speckle observations, we find a second component is always detected within the field of view. To determine if the detection is consistent with a physical companion or a chance alignment with a background source, we utilize a statistic from Tokovinin & Kiyaeva that compares the apparent motion of the systems to the expected orbital motion ( μ ′ ). Using simulated binary orbits, we construct likelihood distributions of μ ′ assuming various total errors on the measurements. With the hypothesis that the system is a true binary, we show that large measurement errors can result in μ ′ values higher than expected for bound systems. Using simulated chance alignments, we also create similar likelihoods to test this alternative hypothesis. By combining likelihoods of both true binaries and chance alignments, we find that 15 of the 16 candidates are physical systems regardless of the level of measurement error. Our findings also accommodate all 16 as physical systems if the average, relative measurement error on the binary separations and position angles is ∼4.3%, which is consistent with our knowledge of the Gaia and Gemini speckle pipelines. Importantly, beyond assessing the likelihood of a true binary versus chance alignment, this quantitative assessment of the true average measurement error will allow more robust error estimates of mass determinations from short separation binaries with Gaia and/or Gemini speckle data.

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Hsü, K. J. "Is Gaia endothermic?" Geological Magazine 129, no. 2 (March 1992): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800008232.

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AbstractGeological evidence suggests that Gaia is endothermic: her body temperature has varied, but within limits; there has been no runaway greenhouse like Venus, nor deep freeze like Mars. This paper presents a hypothesis that the Earth's climate has been ameliorated by living organisms: they have served either as heaters or air-conditioners, and their ecological tolerance is the sensor of Gaia's thermostat. At the beginning, 3.8 or 3.5 Ga ago, only anaerobic autotrophs capable of tolerating high temperatures thinned out the atmospheric CO2 through carbon fixation. Fossil organic carbon was utilized by anaerobic heterotrophs to reinforce the effectiveness of the late Archean greenhouse, when solar luminosity was weaker than it is now. With the increasing solar luminosity during early Proterozoic time, new life forms such as cyanobacteria evolved, removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in stromatolitic carbonates. Over-eager cyanobacteria may have consumed too much greenhouse CO2 to cause glaciation. Their decline coincided in timing with the rise of the Ediacaran faunas which had no carbonate skeletons. The change in the mode of carbon-cycling may have started the warming trend after the Proterozoic glaciation. The Cambrian explosion was an event when skeletal eukaryotes usurped the function of prokaryotes in removing greenhouse CO2 through CaCO3 precipitation. With the evolution of land plants, coal-makers took over the ‘air-conditioning’ duty. They over-did it, and Permo-Carboniferous glaciation ensued. After a wholesale turnover of the faunas and floras at the end of the Palaeozoic, more CO2 was released than fixed in early Mesozoic time. The warming trend reached its zenith in the early Cretaceous, when flowering trees and calcareous plankton began to flourish. The decline since then, with a temporary restoration during early Palaeogene time, could be a manifestation of the varying efficiency of extracting and burying carbon dioxide, in the form of inorganic and organic carbon. The relation of atmospheric CO2 and climatic variation is documented by study of air bubbles in ice cores. Yet there is also correlation to astronomical cycles. The latter seem to have triggered changes which are amplified by feedback mechanisms of carbon cycling.

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Schwartzman, David. "From the Gaia hypothesis to a theory of the evolving self-organizing biosphere." Metascience 24, no. 2 (January 7, 2015): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-014-9979-3.

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Schneider, Stephen H. "A goddess of the earth?: The debate on the Gaia Hypothesis ? An editorial." Climatic Change 8, no. 1 (February 1986): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00158966.

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Pourbaix, D., F. Arenou, J. L. Halbwachs, and C. Siopis. "Binaries and distances." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (August 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021138.

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AbstractGaia's five-year observation baseline might naively lead to the expectation that it will be possible to fit the parallax of any sufficiently nearby object with the default five-parameter model (position at a reference epoch, parallax and proper motion). However, simulated Gaia observations of a ‘model Universe’ composed of nearly 107 objects, 50% of which turn out to be multiple stars, show that the single-star hypothesis can severely affect parallax estimation and that more sophisticated models must be adopted. In principle, screening these spurious single-star solutions is rather straightforward, for example by evaluating the quality of the fits. However, the simulated Gaia observations also reveal that some seemingly acceptable single-star solutions can nonetheless lead to erroneous distances. These solutions turn out to be binaries with an orbital period close to one year. Without auxiliary (e.g., spectroscopic) data, they will remain unnoticed.

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Reijnen, Anne Marie. "The Web of Life: A Critique of Nature, Wilderness, Gaia and the «Common Household»." Religions 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15010063.

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A two-word summary of the following article might be «Words matter». It matters whether we conceive of the non-built world as nature, as «wilderness», as Gaia/Mother Earth, or as «our common home». We analyze the emergence of each of these four notions. Nature, by far the most multi-layered of the words, has a complex history rooted in the Greek word phusis. Nature is problematic because of its opposites: supernatural; nurture, culture and civilization. Nature seems to require dualism. Wilderness started out as something terrifying (the realm of the wild beasts), later acquiring a specific American understanding of an area conserved for recreation, of nature partially preserved, all desirable goals inspired by John Muir. In the Scriptures, wilderness becomes filled by promise. Gaia is short for the Gaia hypothesis of Earth as a living, self-regulating organism. It was coined by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis and discussed critically by Bruno Latour. Compared with the view of the Earth as dead matter, «Gaia» is conducive to respect for all living beings. When it is coupled with Mother Earth, the concept becomes problematic from a feminist point of view. The common home or household stem from the teachings of Pope Francis. Although Laudato si’ is rightly viewed as a prophetic text regarding ecology and spirituality, «common home» implies a domestication of all that lives in a worldview that remains anthropocentric (homes are artefacts). A better concept is the «web of life» of which humankind is a part, but not the master. It is such a decentering that may herald hope for the Earth.

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Perottoni, Hélio D., Guilherme Limberg, João A. S. Amarante, Silvia Rossi, Anna B. A. Queiroz, Rafael M. Santucci, Angeles Pérez-Villegas, and Cristina Chiappini. "The Unmixed Debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus in the Form of a Pair of Halo Stellar Overdensities." Astrophysical Journal Letters 936, no. 1 (August 26, 2022): L2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac88d6.

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Abstract In the first billion years after its formation, the Galaxy underwent several mergers with dwarf satellites of various masses. The debris of Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), the galaxy responsible for the last significant merger of the Milky Way, dominates the inner halo and has been suggested to be the progenitor of both the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (HAC) and Virgo Overdensity (VOD). We combine SEGUE, APOGEE, Gaia, and StarHorse distances to characterize the chemodynamical properties and verify the link between HAC, VOD, and GSE. We find that the orbital eccentricity distributions of the stellar overdensities and GSE are comparable. We also find that they have similar, strongly peaked, metallicity distribution functions, reinforcing the hypothesis of common origin. Furthermore, we show that HAC and VOD are indistinguishable from the prototypical GSE population within all chemical-abundance spaces analyzed. All these evidences combined provide a clear demonstration that the GSE merger is the main progenitor of the stellar populations found within these halo overdensities.

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Lenton, Timothy M., Sébastien Dutreuil, and Bruno Latour. "Life on Earth is hard to spot." Anthropocene Review 7, no. 3 (May 16, 2020): 248–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019620918939.

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The triumph of the Gaia hypothesis was to spot the extraordinary influence of Life on the Earth. ‘Life’ is the clade including all extant living beings, as distinct from ‘life’ the class of properties common to all living beings. ‘Gaia’ is Life plus its effects on habitability. Life’s influence on the Earth was hard to spot for several reasons: biologists missed it because they focused on life not Life; climatologists missed it because Life is hard to see in the Earth’s energy balance; Earth system scientists opted instead for abiotic or human-centred approaches to the Earth system; Scientists in general were repelled by teleological arguments that Life acts to maintain habitable conditions. Instead, we reason from organisms’ metabolisms outwards, showing how Life’s coupling to its environment has led to profound effects on Earth’s habitability. Recognising Life’s impact on Earth and learning from it could be critical to understanding and successfully navigating the Anthropocene.

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May, Murray. "Towards a New Cosmology of Environment." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 4 (September 1988): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001191.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to review and integrate a number of concepts and perspectives recently developed or revived which challenge society's current attitudes towards the environment. The concepts discussed include, for example, ecophilosophy and deep ecology, holism, cultural transformation, the Gaia hypothesis, transpersonalism and world, national and state conservation strategies.It is concluded that the notion of living in harmony with nature is central to any view spirituality. The implications of this view in terms of individual personal action are discussed.

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Mor, R., A. C. Robin, F. Figueras, S. Roca-Fàbrega, and X. Luri. "Gaia DR2 reveals a star formation burst in the disc 2–3 Gyr ago." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935105.

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We use Gaia data release 2 (DR2) magnitudes, colours, and parallaxes for stars with G < 12 to explore a parameter space with 15 dimensions that simultaneously includes the initial mass function (IMF) and a non-parametric star formation history (SFH) for the Galactic disc. This inference is performed by combining the Besançon Galaxy Model fast approximate simulations (BGM FASt) and an approximate Bayesian computation algorithm. We find in Gaia DR2 data an imprint of a star formation burst 2–3 Gyr ago in the Galactic thin disc domain, and a present star formation rate (SFR) of ≈1 M⊙/yr. Our results show a decreasing trend of the SFR from 9–10 Gyr to 6–7 Gyr ago. This is consistent with the cosmological star formation quenching observed at redshifts z < 1.8. This decreasing trend is followed by a SFR enhancement starting at ∼5 Gyr ago and continuing until ∼1 Gyr ago which is detected with high statistical significance by discarding the null hypothesis of an exponential SFH with a p-value = 0.002. We estimate, from our best fit model, that about 50% of the mass used to generate stars, along the thin disc life, was expended in the period from 5 to 1 Gyr ago. The timescale and the amount of stellar mass generated during the SFR enhancement event lead us to hypothesise that its origin, currently under investigation, is not intrinsic to the disc. Thus, an external perturbation is needed for its explanation. Additionally, for the thin disc we find a slope of the IMF of α3 ≈ 2 for masses M > 1.53 M⊙ and α2 ≈ 1.3 for the mass range between 0.5 and 1.53 M⊙. This is the first time that we consider a non-parametric SFH for the thin disc in the Besançon Galaxy Model. This new step, together with the capabilities of the Gaia DR2 parallaxes to break degeneracies between different stellar populations, allow us to better constrain the SFH and the IMF.

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Bischoff-Kim, Agnès, and Keaton J. Bell. "Constraints from Parallaxes and Average Period Spacings in the Asteroseismic Study of Eight Hydrogen-atmosphere Pulsating White Dwarfs." Astrophysical Journal 970, no. 1 (July 1, 2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad4edc.

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Abstract With space missions such as Kepler, TESS, and Gaia, we have a wealth of data on pulsating white dwarfs that can be leveraged in white dwarf asteroseismology. We address the question of the proportion of white dwarfs with thin hydrogen layers versus those with thick hydrogen layers. We also provide a mass–radius relation for carbon–oxygen-core, hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs. Such a relationship can be used in conjunction with magnitudes and distance measurements to constrain the mass and effective temperature of the white dwarfs. We select nine hydrogen-atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs for their rich pulsation spectra. From such pulsation spectra, we can derive the asymptotic period spacing, which in turn allows us to determine the thickness of the hydrogen and helium envelope of the models, without having to perform period-by-period fitting. We find that the majority of the white dwarfs have thicker hydrogen layers and we determine an upper limit of M r = 1–10−2.2 for the location of the base of the helium layer, in accordance with stellar evolution models. We confirm a finding from earlier studies that used a mass–radius relation and Gaia data to determine the effective temperatures of white dwarfs. The Gaia data systematically point to white dwarfs of lower effective temperature than indicated by the spectroscopy. Our results also support the hypothesis that white dwarfs with thicker hydrogen layers are more common than those with thinner layers.

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Leiner, Emily M., Aaron M. Geller, Michael A. Gully-Santiago, Natalie M. Gosnell, and Benjamin M. Tofflemire. "Revealing the Field Sub-subgiant Population Using a Catalog of Active Giant Stars and Gaia EDR3." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac53b1.

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Abstract Sub-subgiant stars (SSGs) fall below the subgiant branch and/or red of the giant branch in open and globular clusters, an area of the color–magnitude diagram (CMD) not populated by standard stellar evolution tracks. One hypothesis is that SSGs result from rapid rotation in subgiants or giants due to tidal synchronization in a close binary. The strong magnetic fields generated inhibit convection, which in turn produces large starspots, radius inflation, and lower-than-expected average surface temperatures and luminosities. Here we cross-reference a catalog of active giant binaries (RS CVns) in the field with Gaia EDR3. Using the Gaia photometry and parallaxes, we precisely position the RS CVns in a CMD. We identify stars that fall below a 14 Gyr, metal-rich isochrone as candidate field SSGs. Out of a sample of 1723 RS CVn, we find 448 SSG candidates, a dramatic expansion from the 65 SSGs previously known. Most SSGs have rotation periods of 2–20 days, with the highest SSG fraction found among RS CVn with the shortest periods. The ubiquity of SSGs among this population indicates that SSGs are a normal phase in evolution for RS CVn-type systems, not rare by-products of dynamical encounters found only in dense star clusters as some have suggested. We present our catalog of 1723 active giants, including Gaia photometry and astrometry, and rotation periods from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and International Variable Star Index (VSX). This catalog can serve as an important sample to study the impacts of magnetic fields in evolved stars.

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Malkov, O. Yu. "GAIA Arguments for and against a Hypothetical Sun Companion." Astronomy Reports 67, no. 3 (March 2023): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063772923030046.

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Abstract The hypothesis that the Sun is a component of a binary star system has been around for about a hundred years. Assumptions about the nature of the companion continue to be published as new observational data become available. The paper shows that the results of the work of the Gaia space observatory impose certain restrictions on the nature and location of the companion. The fact that the companion is not registered by the observatory leaves the following marginal possibilities: a cool brown dwarf (Y3 and later) in an orbit inside the Oort cloud, or an L/T brown dwarf in a higher orbit (from $$a \approx $$ 105 AU). At the same time, the companion is quite likely cataloged in the 2MASS and WISE surveys. We also provided estimates for the absolute G-magnitudes of brown dwarfs of late spectral types.

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Malkov, O. Yu. "GAIA Arguments for and against a Hypothetical Sun Companion." Астрономический журнал 100, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0004629923030040.

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The hypothesis that the Sun is a component of a binary star system has been around for about a hundred years. Assumptions about the nature of the companion continue to be published as new observational data become available. The paper shows that the results of the work of the Gaia space observatory impose certain restrictions on the nature and location of the companion. The fact that the companion is not registered by the observatory leaves the following marginal possibilities: a cool brown dwarf (Y3 and later) in an orbit inside the Oort cloud, or an L/T brown dwarf in a higher orbit (from a≈ 105 AU). At the same time, the companion is quite likely cataloged in the 2MASS and WISE surveys. We also provided estimates for the absolute G-magnitudes of brown dwarfs of late spectral types.

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Ghosh, Soumavo, Victor P. Debattista, and Tigran Khachaturyants. "Age dissection of the vertical breathing motions in Gaia DR2: evidence for spiral driving." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac137.

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ABSTRACT Gaia DR2 has revealed breathing motions in the Milky Way, with stars on both sides of the Galactic mid-plane moving coherently towards or away from it. The generating mechanism of these breathing motions is thought to be spiral density waves. Here, we test this hypothesis. Using a self-consistent, high-resolution simulation with star formation, and which hosts prominent spirals, we first study the signatures of breathing motions excited by spirals. In the model, the breathing motions induced by the spiral structure have an increasing amplitude with distance from the mid-plane, pointing to an internal cause for them. We then show that, at fixed height, the breathing motion amplitude decreases with age. Next, we investigate the signature of the breathing motions in the Gaia DR2 data set. We demonstrate that, at the location with a consistently large breathing motion, the corresponding amplitude increases monotonically with distance from the mid-plane, in agreement with the model. Furthermore, we show that at the same location, the breathing motion amplitude decreases with age, again similar to what we find in the model. This strengthens the case that the observed breathing motions are driven by spiral density waves.

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Binks, Alexander S., Matthieu Chalifour, Joel H. Kastner, David Rodriguez, Simon J. Murphy, David A. Principe, Kristina Punzi, Germano G. Sacco, and Jesús Hernández. "A kinematically unbiased, all-sky search for nearby, young, low-mass stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3019.

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ABSTRACT The past two decades have seen dramatic progress in our knowledge of the population of young stars of age $\lt \!200\,$ Myr that lie within $150\,$ pc of the Sun. These nearby, young stars, most of which are found in loose, comoving groups, provide the opportunity to explore (among many other things) the dissolution of stellar clusters and their diffusion into the field star population. Here, we exploit the combination of astrometric and photometric data from Gaia and photometric data from GALEX (UV) and 2MASS (near-IR) in an attempt to identify additional nearby, young, late-type stars. Specifically, we present a sample of 146 GALEX UV-selected late-type (predominantly K-type) field stars with Gaia-based distances $\lt \!125\,$ pc (based on Gaia Data Release 1) that have isochronal ages $\lt \!80\,$ Myr even if equal-components binaries. We investigate the spectroscopic and kinematic properties of this sample. Despite their young isochronal ages, only ∼10 per cent of stars among this sample can be confidently associated with established nearby, young moving groups (MGs). These candidate MG members include five stars newly identified in this study. The vast majority of our sample of 146 nearby young star candidates have anomalous kinematics relative to the known MGs. These stars may hence represent a previously unrecognized population of young stars that has recently mixed into the older field star population. We discuss the implications and caveats of such a hypothesis – including the intriguing fact that, in addition to their non-young-star-like kinematics, the majority of the UV-selected, isochronally young field stars within $50\,$ pc appear surprisingly X-ray faint.

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Coleman, Nick. "Beyond boxes and arrows: Putting the ?bio? into biogeochemistry." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 3 (2007): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07129.

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The Gaia hypothesis proposes that the earth can be viewed as a single living entity. While this idea remains controversial, there is no doubt that the biotic and abiotic components of the earth are intimately linked in complex webs of chemical reactions collectively described as biogeochemistry. Microbes are the catalysts of most such reactions, but despite their importance, there is a tendency to oversimplify microbial contributions using boxes (compounds) and arrows (reactions). In this brief review, I will highlight recent research that looks beyond the boxes and arrows to the microbes themselves, and describe some examples where the activities of biogeochemical microbes and enzymes have been harnessed for environmental benefits.

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Casado, Juan. "The Effect of Age on the Grouping of Open Clusters: The Primordial Group Hypothesis." Universe 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020113.

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The Primordial Group hypothesis states that only sufficiently young open clusters (OCs) can be multiple, and old OCs are essentially isolated. We tested this postulate through four different studies using a manual search of Gaia EDR3 and extensive literature. First, we revisited the work of de La Fuente Marcos and de La Fuente Marcos (2009), which states that only ca. 40% of OC pairs are of primordial origin. However, no plausible binary system among their proposed OC pairs having at least one member older than 0.1 Gyr was found. Second, we researched the OCs < 0.01 Gyr old in Tarricq et al. (2021) and found that ca. 71% of them remain in their primordial groups. Third, a similar study of the oldest OCs (age > 4 Gyr) showed that they are essentially alone. Forth, the well-known case of the double cluster in Perseus and some other binary systems described in the literature were also shown to accommodate the title hypothesis. A simplified bimodal model allows for retrieval of the overall fraction of related OCs (approximately 12–16%) from our results, assuming that young clusters remain associated at ~0.04 Gyr. The obtained results further support that OCs are born in groups (Casado 2021).

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STÖCKER, SABINE. "STABILITY DUE TO VARIABILITY IN DAISYWORLD MODELS." Journal of Biological Systems 03, no. 02 (June 1995): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339095000319.

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The Daisyworld is a mathematical model to describe a coupling between biosphere and climate. It was developed by J.E. Lovelock in context with the so-called Gaia-Hypothesis, which postulates that conditions on earth are suitable for life because of the existence of life itself. Some variations of the classical model will be discussed and so it can be shown, that the occurrence of mutations of the existing species will not harm the capability of regulating the system. Furthermore models provoking structures either in time or in space by self-organization will be presented. Such structures in time and space will enlarge the biological diversity and stabilize the system because of a more effective use of resources.

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