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Journal articles on the topic 'Gain equalization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Verdu, S., B. D. O. Anderson, and R. A. Kennedy. "Blind equalization without gain identification." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, no. 1 (1993): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.179377.

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2

Tonguz, O. K., and F. A. Flood. "Gain equalization of EDFA cascades." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 10 (1997): 1832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.633567.

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3

Maag, Clifford. "Sound system gain and equalization circuit." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 4 (1998): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424165.

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4

Guo, Huanan, Yufeng Yao, Jiazhen Ni, and Xiang Gao. "A 112 Gbps DSP-based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE in 7 nm FinFET." Journal of Semiconductors 46, no. 6 (2025): 062204. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/25030001.

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Abstract In DSP-based SerDes application, it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better signal for ADC and DSP. To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations, this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE. The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance, feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA. The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the D

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5

Khaleghi, F., M. Kavehrad, and C. Barnard. "Tunable coherent optical transversal EDFA gain equalization." Journal of Lightwave Technology 13, no. 4 (1995): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.372469.

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6

Rochette, M., M. Guy, S. LaRochelle, J. Lauzon, and F. Trepanier. "Gain equalization of EDFA's with Bragg gratings." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, no. 5 (1999): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.759390.

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7

Vijay, Jayprakash, and Radhakrishna Yadav. "Enhancing Gain Uniformity in WDM Networks Across C and L Bands Through Hybrid Optical Amplifier Integration." International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management 8, no. 1 (2024): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.8.1.4.

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This study explores strategies for optimizing EDFA gain in the context of (WDM and DWDM systems. By reviewing recent literature, we investigate various approaches to enhance EDFA performance, considering factors such as input power, pump power, and fiber length. Our analysis covers optimization algorithms, gain flattening techniques, adaptive gain equalization methods, and hybrid amplifier configurations. Additionally, we examine studies addressing nonlinear effects and the allocation of pump power to maximize gain efficiency. Recent advancements, including machine learning-based approaches an

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8

Siegrist, M., T. Schorr, A. Dittrich, W. Sauer-Greff, and R. Urbansky. "Turbo Equalization Of Nonlinear ISI-channels Using High Rate FEC Codes." Advances in Radio Science 3 (May 12, 2005): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-3-259-2005.

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Abstract. Turbo equalization is a widely known method to cope with low signal to noise ratio (SNR) channels corrupted by linear intersymbol interference (ISI) (Berrou and Galvieux, 1993; Hagenauer et al., 1997). Recently in this workshop it was reported that also for nonlinear channels a remarkable turbo decoding gain can be achieved (Siegrist et al., 2001). However, the classical turbo equalization relies on code rates at 1/3 up to 1/2 which makes it quite unattractive for high rate data transmission. Considering the potential of iterative equalization and decoding, we obtain a considerable t

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9

Giles, C. R., and D. J. Di Giovanni. "Dynamic gain equalization in two-stage fiber amplifiers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2, no. 12 (1990): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.62012.

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10

de Benito, Paula, Silvia Diaz, Silvia Abad, and Manuel Lopez-Amo. "Gain equalization methods in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 6 (2007): 1346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22445.

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11

Takushima, Y., and K. Kikuchi. "Gain spectrum equalization of all-optical gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, no. 2 (1999): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.740695.

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12

Pan, Quan, Xiongshi Luo, Zhenghao Li, et al. "A 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver with a reference-less CDR in 65-nm CMOS." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 7 (2022): 072401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/7/072401.

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Abstract This paper presents a 26-Gb/s CMOS optical receiver that is fabricated in 65-nm technology. It consists of a triple-inductive transimpedance amplifier (TIA), direct current (DC) offset cancellation circuits, 3-stage gm-TIA variable-gain amplifiers (VGA), and a reference-less clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit with built-in equalization technique. The TIA/VGA front-end measurement results demonstrate 72-dBΩ transimpedance gain, 20.4-GHz −3-dB bandwidth, and 12-dB DC gain tuning range. The measurements of the VGA’s resistive networks also demonstrate its efficient capability of overc

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13

Wang, Yong Fei, Jing Yuan Xu, Kai Zheng, Da Long Lv, and Dong Fang Zhou. "A Novel Way to Improve the Bandwidth of TWTA Linearizer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.526.

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This paper gives a detailed discussion about the gain ripple effect. Using gain equalization to compensate for the gain ripple and improve the working band of the Linearizer-TWTA system is proposed. A Ku-band equalized RF predistortion linearizer for linearizing the distortion effects of travelling wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) is proposed. Per-tone and two-tone test experimental results show that the equalizer has improved the working band of the predistortion linearizer. A minimum of 4 dB of AM-AM improvement is made within the whole bandwidth of the TWTA, with a 20° phase shift improvement.

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14

Zou, Qi Feng, Xue Zhi Tan, and Mei Liu. "Iterative Frequency Domain Equalization for Single-Carrier Space Time Diversity Systems." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1818.

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Single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) has been receiving much attention for its advantage of suppressing inter-symbol interference (ISI). We proposed a frequency domain iterative decision feedback equalization (FD-IDFE) algorithm for single carrier space time block coding (STBC) systems. The paper use the multi-antenna transmit and Alamouti signaling scheme to achieve the significant diversity gain. We design the feedback equalization structure by Mean Square Error (MSE) criterion and Lagrange optimization method, and we also consider the parameters estimation. At last, we comp

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15

Watson, William G. "An Estimate of the Welfare Gain from Fiscal Equalization." Canadian Journal of Economics 19, no. 2 (1986): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135286.

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16

Kim, Taekyung, and Joonki Paik. "Adaptive contrast enhancement using gain-controllable clipped histogram equalization." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 54, no. 4 (2008): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4711238.

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17

Su, S. F., R. Olshansky, G. Joyce, D. A. Smith, and J. E. Baran. "Gain equalization multiwavelength lightwave systems using acoustooptic tunable filters." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 4, no. 3 (1992): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.122389.

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18

Sun, Lin, Ming Yan, Haisen Li, and Yanjie Xu. "Joint Time-Reversal Space-Time Block Coding and Adaptive Equalization for Filtered Multitone Underwater Acoustic Communications." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020379.

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Underwater acoustic (UWA) sensor networks demand high-rate communications with high reliability between sensor nodes for massive data transmission. Filtered multitone (FMT) is an attractive multicarrier technique used in high-rate UWA communications, and can obviously shorten the span of intersymbol interference (ISI) with high spectral efficiency and low frequency offset sensitivity by dividing the communication band into several separated wide sub-bands without guard bands. The joint receive diversity and adaptive equalization scheme is often used as a general ISI suppression technique in FM

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19

Zhang, Jing Zhi. "A 520MHz Wideband Variable Gain Amplifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1564.

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The design and realization of a wideband variable gain amplifier for RF system is presented. The cascade of LNA and controllable attenuation makes the design have a 0-90dB gain adjustment range. Special care is devoted to the solution of typical problems encountered in the design of the amplifier, such as signal shielding and power supply decoupling. The amplifier uses passive amplitude-frequency equalization, 0.1-460MHz band variation is less than 1dB, the 3dB bandwidth is up to 520MHz. The noise characteristic is low, the total input referred noise is less than 15.5nV⁄√¯Hz.

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20

Lebref, R., B. Landousies, T. Georges, and E. Delevaque. "Theoretical study of the gain equalization of a stabilized gain EDFA for WDM applications." Journal of Lightwave Technology 15, no. 5 (1997): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.580810.

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21

Myint, Lin Min Min, and Chanon Warisarn. "Equalizer Design for Bit-Patterned Media Recording System Based on ISI and ITI Estimations by Cross Correlation Functions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.223.

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Due to ultra-high density, a bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system experiences two-dimensional (2D) interference--inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI)--which degrades the overall performance of a recording systems. Therefore, we propose a novel single-track equalization and a single track detection that can perform these duties almost equally well. Our novel equalizer design uses ISI and ITI estimation schemes with the help of cross-correlation functions. The simulation result shows that our proposed method is able to achieve a significant performance gain o

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22

Cai, J. X., K. M. Feng, X. P. Chen, and A. E. Willner. "Equalization of nonuniform EDFA gain using a fiber-loop mirror." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 9, no. 7 (1997): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.593347.

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23

Goosen, K. W., J. A. Walker, D. T. Neilson, J. E. Ford, and W. H. Knox. "Micromechanical gain slope compensator for spectrally linear optical power equalization." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 12, no. 7 (2000): 831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.853515.

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24

Baishya, A. C., S. K. Srivastav, and P. P. Sahu. "Cascaded Mach Zehnder coupler for dynamic EDFA gain equalization applications." Journal of Optics 39, no. 1 (2010): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12596-010-0005-x.

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25

Bae, Jinho, Joohwan Chun, and Sang Bae Lee. "Equalization of Erbium Gain Spectrum Using the Multiport Lattice Filter." Fiber and Integrated Optics 21, no. 1 (2002): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014680302753339385.

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26

Abdelrahman, Diaaeldin, Christopher Williams, Odile Liboiron-Ladouceur, and Glenn E. R. Cowan. "A Novel Inductorless Design Technique for Linear Equalization in Optical Receivers." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 12, no. 2 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea12020019.

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To mitigate the trade-off between gain and bandwidth of CMOS multistage amplifiers, a receiver front-end (FE) that employs a high-gain narrowband transimpedance amplifier (TIA) followed by an equalizing main amplifier (EMA) is proposed. The EMA provides a high-frequency peaking to extend the FE’s bandwidth from 25% to 60% of the targeted data rate fbit. The peaking is realized by adding a pole in the feedback paths of an active feedback-based wideband amplifier. By embedding the peaking in the main amplifier (MA), the front-end meets the sensitivity and gain of conventional equalizer-based rec

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27

Kejiang Zhou, Kejiang Zhou, Shuming Pan Shuming Pan, Nam Quoc Ngo Nam Quoc Ngo, and Xulin Zhang Xulin Zhang. "Gain equalization of EDFA using a loop f ilter with a single polarization controller." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 7 (2012): 070604–70607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.070604.

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28

Singh, Jasmeet, and Andreas Ahrens. "Joint-Transceiver Equalization Technique over a 1.4 km Multi-Mode Fiber Using Optical MIMO Technique in IM/DD Systems." Photonics 10, no. 6 (2023): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060696.

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In optical fiber communication, recent advances in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems using space-division multiplexing have helped achieve higher spectral efficiency and data rates. Propagating higher-order modulation formats over MIMO systems further strengthens the capacity of the transmission link. In the optical-MIMO system, the dispersion impairments originating from a 1.4 km long multi-mode fiber (MMF) are mitigated using the proposed joint-transceiver equalization technique. A numerical convex optimization algorithm is used to compute and optimize the pre- and post-equal

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29

Sharma, Anju, P. K. Mahajan, and O. K. Belwal. "Statistical investigation through stratified random sampling for apple production in Himachal Pradesh." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (2017): 1718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1427.

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The present study focuses on standardization of sampling technique and comparison of different types of sample allocation methods in combination with various stratification tools (optimum strata boundaries, number of strata and optimum sample size etc.) for obtaining efficient estimators of area and production of apple in Himachal Pradesh. Forth is purpose, various aspects involved in optimum stratification with reference todata collected from the selected or chardists in district Shimla, during the year 2011-12 have been analyzed. The variable "Area under Apple" was chosen as the stratificati

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30

Li, Yin Xue, Jun Zhang, and Yong Feng Zhi. "Study on UWB Channel Equalization with Adaptive Gain Affine Projection Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2121.

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A new equalization technology study with adaptive affine projection algorithm, aiming at the inter symbol interferences in the UWB channels was presented specially for time-hopping UWB (TH-UWB) systems. The computational complexity and convergence rate of the APA-AG algorithm was compared with the traditional algorithms. The simulation results show that this method improves the convergence rate and has a good stability. And the equalizer with the affine projection algorithm using adaptive gain is better than the RLS equalizer and the LMS equalizer.

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31

Janchitrapongvej, Kanok, and Tatsuo Ikeda. "Equalization of the relative luminance-chrominance gain in video signal transmission." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 40, no. 8 (1986): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.40.786.

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32

Khemariya, Akchita, Aditi Agrawal, and A. K. Jaiswal. "WDM EDFA+RFA Hybrid Amplifier for Gain Equalization in C Band." International Journal of Computer Applications 128, no. 16 (2015): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015906748.

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33

Cacciari, I., M. Brenci, R. Falciai, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, and G. C. Righini. "Reproducibility of splicer-based long-period fiber gratings for gain equalization." Optoelectronics Letters 3, no. 3 (2007): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-007-6195-z.

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34

Pandit, M. K., K. S. Chiang, Z. H. Chen, and S. P. Li. "Tunable long-period fiber gratings for EDFA gain and ASE equalization." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 25, no. 3 (2000): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(20000505)25:3<181::aid-mop7>3.0.co;2-l.

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35

Hu, Kaihua, Li Pei, Jianshuai Wang, et al. "Analysis of optical surge impact on gain equalization of FM-EDFA." Optics & Laser Technology 188 (October 2025): 112845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112845.

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36

Gao, Huiyan, Nayu Li, Min Li, et al. "A 6.5–12-GHz Balanced Variable-Gain Low-Noise Amplifier With Frequency-Selective Gain Equalization Technique." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 69, no. 1 (2021): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2020.3038470.

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37

Wang, Zhi Gang, and Hao Ding. "A Millimeter-Wave SIW Gain Equalizer Using LTCC Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.515.

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This paper presents a novel structure of millimeter-wave amplitude equalization based on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, which is implemented by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator, thin film resistor, microstrip-line and metallic via hole probe. It has advantages of compact, easy for integration, low cost, low loss, and mass-producible. The effects of each component for equalizer performance have been analyzed by simulation. In order to validate the new proposed topology, a millimeter-wave gain equalizer is developed and verified by full-wave simulation using 9-

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38

Marques da Silva, Mário, Rui Dinis, José Aleixo, and Luís M. L. Oliveira. "On the Performance of LDPC-Coded MIMO Schemes for Underwater Communications Using 5G-like Processing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115549.

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This article studies the underwater acoustic (UWA) communications associated with multiple input–multiple output (MIMO), single carrier with frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE), and with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Low-complexity receivers such as equal gain combining (EGC), maximum ratio combining (MRC), and iterative block—decision feedback equalization (IB-DFE) are studied in the above-described scenarios. Furthermore, due to the low carrier frequencies utilized in UWA communications, the performance of the proposed MIMO scenarios is studied at different levels of channel corr

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39

Hosung Yoon, Sungho Bae, Seong Joon Ahn, and Namkyoo Park. "Reference level free multichannel gain equalization and transient gain suppression of EDFA with differential ASE power monitoring." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, no. 3 (1999): 316–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.748220.

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40

Qin, Zujun, Song Ye, Wentao Zhang, and Xianming Xiong. "Azimuthal dependence of modal gain and its impact on gain equalization in multimode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers." Optik 126, no. 23 (2015): 3538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.08.276.

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41

Pei Li, 裴丽, 李祉祺 Li Zhiqi, 王建帅 Wang Jianshuai, et al. "Review on Gain Equalization Technology of Fiber Amplifier Using Space Division Multiplexing." Acta Optica Sinica 41, no. 1 (2021): 0106001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0106001.

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42

Morena-Alvarez-Palencia, C. de la, M. Burgos-Garcia, and F. Perez-Martinez. "A Novel and Simple Maximum Available Gain Equalization Technique for Microwave Amplifiers." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (2008): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129000802010045.

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43

Nasiri Mahalati, Reza, Daulet Askarov, and Joseph M. Kahn. "Adaptive Modal Gain Equalization Techniques in Multi-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, no. 11 (2014): 2133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2014.2314746.

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44

Ip, E. "Gain Equalization for Few-Mode Fiber Amplifiers Beyond Two Propagating Mode Groups." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 21 (2012): 1933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2219521.

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45

Tamura, K., and M. Nakazawa. "Pulse energy equalization in harmonically FM mode-locked lasers with slow gain." Optics Letters 21, no. 23 (1996): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.21.001930.

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46

Mattacchione, Angelo, and Livia Mattacchione. "Uplift on rooftop walkways and cable trays." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 1 (1999): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-049.

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A code review is presented, along with current state-of-knowledge and in situ observations, in order to gain a better understanding of the effect of wind-induced uplift on timber walkways and metal cable trays located on rooftops.Key words: wind uplift, pavers, small structural elements, timber walkways, metal cable trays, pressure equalization.

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47

Bao, Shengchen, Yu Cheng, Yi Tang, Ming Chen, Shijie Deng, and Libo Yuan. "Few-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber with Three-Layer Center-Recessed Doping for Gain Equalization." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2010. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072010.

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We propose a design method for few-mode erbium-doped fiber (FM-EDF) incorporating stratified doping. In the simulation design, the FM-EDF effectively reduces the differential mode gain (DMG) through the utilization of stratified doping. Simulations indicate that at an input signal power of −30 dBm, the designed fiber achieves a DMG of less than 0.5 dB across five spatial modes spanning the entire C-band (1530–1570 nm) and exceeds 20 dB gain within the range of 1530–1560 nm. Additionally, experiments using unidirectional pumping demonstrate that the FM-EDF achieves full-band gain greater than 2

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48

Han, Ruigang, Ning Jia, Yunfei Li, Dong Xiao, Shengming Guo, and Li Ma. "Iterative-detection–based time-domain adaptive decision feedback equalization for continuous phase modulation of underwater acoustic communication." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 157, no. 3 (2025): 1912–25. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036145.

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Continuous phase modulation (CPM), which is widely used in aviation telemetry and satellite communications, may help improve the performance of underwater acoustic (UWA) communication systems owing to its high spectral and power efficiency. However, applying conventional frequency-domain equalization (FDE) algorithms to CPM signals over time-varying UWA channels considerably degrades performance. Moreover, time-domain equalization algorithms often rely on excessive approximations for symbol detection, compromising overall reception. This study presents an iterative-detection–based time-domain

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49

Wang Wensheng, 王文笙, 宁提纲 Ning Tigang, 裴丽 Pei Li, 郑晶晶 Zheng Jingjing, 王建帅 Wang Jianshuai та 魏淮 Wei Huai. "基于遗传算法的少模光纤放大器增益均衡". Acta Optica Sinica 41, № 9 (2021): 0906001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.0906001.

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50

Liu, Yaping, Zhiqun Yang, Xutao Wang, Yongmin Jung, and Lin Zhang. "Gain Equalization for Few-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers via Strong Mode Coupling." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020767.

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Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (FM-EDFAs) are one of the most important optical subsystems for successful space division multiplexed transmission systems. In this paper, we propose a new FM-EDFA designed to achieve significantly reduced differential modal gain (DMG) via strong mode coupling. Using a new numerical model based on a fiber transfer matrix, the DMGs of FM-EDFAs are systematically investigated and two different types of six-mode fiber amplifiers are analyzed, as exemplar demonstrations. In a uniformly doped step-index fiber, the DMG can be reduced from 9.3 to 1.1 dB (i.e., 8

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