Academic literature on the topic 'Gain in height'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gain in height"
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Ross, J., P. Czernichow, B. M. K. Biller, A. Colao, E. Reiter, and W. Kiess. "Growth Hormone: Health Considerations Beyond Height Gain." PEDIATRICS 125, no. 4 (March 22, 2010): e906-e918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1783.
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Pickett, Kate E., Barbara Abrams, and Steve Selvin. "Maternal height, pregnancy weight gain, and birthweight." American Journal of Human Biology 12, no. 5 (2000): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6300(200009/10)12:5<682::aid-ajhb13>3.0.co;2-x.
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Rudolph, Thomas D., Hyun C. Kang, and Raymond P. Guries. "Realized genetic gain for 2nd-year height in jack pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-110.
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A complete cycle of within-family selection for 2nd-year height in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) was accomplished. The expected absolute gain from a theoretical population is 9.3%. The expected gain calculated using actual selected parental group means was 6.5% for upper selection and −6.5% for lower selection; realized gains were 5.1% for upper selection and −3.7% for lower selection. Reasons for reductions in the realized gain compared with expected gain include (i) a finite base population size; (ii) biological constraints such as inconsistent seed production; (iii) non-normal distribution for the trait of interest; and (iv) non selected male parents in open pollination.
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Şarlak, Ahmet Yılmaz, Halil Atmaca, Resul Musaoğlu, and Elşen Veli Veliev. "The Height Gain in Scoliotic Deformity Correction: Assessed by New Predictive Formula." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/167021.
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Height gain after scoliosis correction is of a special interest for the patient and family. Ylikoski was the first to suggest a formula predicting height loss in untreated scoliotic patients. Stokes has recently suggested a new formula by using Cobb angle to determine height loss in idiopathic curves. We hypothesized that new additional variables to Cobb angle such as apical vertebral translation (AVT), number of instrumented segments (N), and disc heights may increase the accuracy of predicted height gain. According to our findings simple expression for height gain by simplified version of the formula is:SPΔH=0.0059X1θ1 + 2.3(1−(θ2/θ1))N, whereθ1is preoperative Cobb angle,X1is preoperative AVT,θ2is postoperative Cobb angle, andNis the number of instrumented vertebra. The purpose of this study is to analyze a new mathematical formula to predict height gain after scoliotic deformity correction.
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Langlais, Tristan, Stephane Verdun, Roxane Compagnon, Catalin Ursu, Claudio Vergari, Hugo Barret, and Christian Morin. "Prediction of clinical height gain from surgical posterior correction of idiopathic scoliosis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 4 (October 2020): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.3.spine191541.
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OBJECTIVEThe best predictors of height gain due to surgical correction are the number of fused vertebrae and the degrees of the corrected Cobb angle. Existing studies of predictive models measured the radiographic spinal height and did not report the clinical height gain. The aims of this study were to determine the best predictive factors of clinical height gain before surgical correction, construct a predictive model using patient population data for machine learning, and test the performance of this model on a validation population.METHODSThe authors reviewed 145 medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgery that included placement of posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis between 2012 and 2016. Standing and sitting clinical heights were measured before and after surgery in patients who had been surgically treated under similar conditions. Multivariate analysis was then performed and the results were used to develop a predictive model for height gain after surgery. The data from the included patients were randomly assigned to a learning set or a test set.RESULTSIn total, 116 patients were included in the analysis, for whom the average postoperative clinical height gain in a standing position was 4.2 ± 1.8 cm (range 0–11 cm). The best prediction model was calculated as follows: standing clinical height gain (cm) = 1 − 0.023 × sitting clinical height (cm) − 0.19 × Risser stage + 0.058 × Cobb preoperative angle (°) + 0.021 × T5–12 kyphosis (°) + 0.14 × number of levels fused. In the validation cohort, 91% of the predicted values had an error of less than one-half of the actual height gain.CONCLUSIONSThis predictive model formula for calculating the potential postoperative height gain after surgical treatment can be used preoperatively to inform idiopathic scoliosis patients of what outcomes they may expect from posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (taking into account the model’s uncertainty).
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Spencer, Richard P. "Pubertal height gain: male–female and interpopulation comparisons." Medical Hypotheses 59, no. 6 (November 2002): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00326-2.
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Ong, J. T., S. V. B. Rao, Y. Hong, and G. Shanmugam. "Height Gain Measurements for DTV Reception in Singapore." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 50, no. 4 (December 2004): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2004.837872.
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Reusz, G. S., P. F. Hoyer, M. Lucas, H. P. Krohn, J. H. Ehrich, and J. Brodehl. "X linked hypophosphataemia: treatment, height gain, and nephrocalcinosis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.65.10.1125.
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BOWER, R. C., and F. C. YEH. "HERITABILITY AND GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR SIX-YEAR HEIGHT OF COASTAL WESTERN WHITE PINE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-148.
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Height growth for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) after five growing seasons (6 yr from seed) in the forest on Vancouver Island was assessed in a progeny test of 20 wind-pollinated families in two plantations: Northwest Bay (830 m) and Cassidy (20 m). Mean height differed at the 0.1% level of significance between plantations, with the better growth at Cassidy. Family mean heights differed at the 10, 1 and 5% levels of significance at Cassidy, Northwest Bay, and combined over plantations, respectively. Family-by-plantation interaction was nonsignificant. Pooled over plantations, the heritability estimates appropriate for mass and family selection were 0.36 ± 0.20 and 0.54 ± 0.28, respectively. The expected genetic gain estimates from multistage selection are used to provide preliminary guidelines for strategies which might be employed in the improvement of height growth of western white pine in coastal British Columbia.Key words: Western white pine, height, heritability, genetic gains
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Wright, I. A., J. R. Jones, D. A. Davies, G. R. Davidson, and J. E. Vale. "The effect of sward surface height on the response to mixed grazing by cattle and sheep." Animal Science 82, no. 2 (April 2006): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200517.
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AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of mixed grazing of sheep plus cattle under continuous stocking of permanent pasture at different sward heights. The experiment had a 2×3 factorial design, with two sward surface heights (4–5 and 8–10 cm) and three combinations of animal species viz., sheep only, cattle only and sheep plus cattle. There were two replicate plots of each treatment combination and the experiment was conducted over 2 years consecutively. The sheep were Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their single Suffolk-cross lambs while the cattle were yearling Charolais-cross steers. Six ‘core’ steers and six ‘core’ ewes and their lambs grazed plots, as appropriately, while additional, non-experimental steers and ewes and their lambs were used to maintain sward heights. Each year the steers and the ewes grazed the pastures from May to October, while lambs were weaned and removed each year from the experiment in July. There was no significant effect of mixed grazing on live-weight gain of steers, but ewes had significantly higher live-weight gains on the sheep plus cattle treatment than on the sheep-only treatment (82 v. 61 g/day;P<0·001). The live-weight gain of the lambs was higher on the mixed grazing treatment than on the sheep only treatment on the 8–10 cm sward height treatment (243 v. 212 g/day;P<0·05) but there was no significant difference on the 4–5 cm sward height treatment (260 v. 250 g/day;P>0·05). The total output of live-weight gain per ha from steers, ewes and lambs was not significantly affected by animal species combination. It is concluded that while output per ha is not enhanced by mixed grazing by sheep and cattle when sward height is controlled, the live-weight gain of ewes is increased and the live-weight gain of lambs can be increased on taller swards.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gain in height"
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Lu, Jiang-hong. "An algorithm for intrinsic gain and offset stabilization of pulse height spectra." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47311.
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Lundberg, Elena. "Growth hormone responsiveness in children : results from Swedish multicenter clinical trials of growth hormone treatment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pediatrik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134569.
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The general aims of the thesis were to study GH responsiveness by estimation of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of injected recombinant human GH (rhGH), of growth response as gain in heightSDS during childhood and puberty, and IGF-I response as change in circulating IGF-ISDS and IGFBP3SDS. Methods Short children were recruited during 1988–1999 into two national randomized multicentre clinical trials on growth until adult height. A group of 117 GHD patients who had been treated from prepuberty with a single GH dose of 33μg/kg/day for at least 1 year were randomized at onset of puberty either to remain on this dose regimen or to an increased dose, GH67μg/kg/day, administered once daily or divided into two doses, GH33x2μg/kg/day. Data on IGF-ISDS and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3)SDS were available from 111 patients and analysed as stated below. The 151 short prepubertal non-GHD patients were randomized into three groups: untreated controls, GH33 or GH67μg/kg/day. A subpopulation from both trials, 128 patients examined annually in Gothenburg, formed the study sample on GH uptake. They received sc GH injections to obtain 16–24 hour GH curves and the GH pharmacokinetics and bioavailability was calculated. Results: A dose-dependent effect on Cmax was found with great intra- and inter-individual variability. Of the Cmax variability, 43% was explained by the rhGH dose and proxies for injection depth. Median bioavailability of the injected dose was 71%, with great variation, mainly dependent on injection depth. In the IGHD group a dose-dependent difference in pubertal gain in heightSDS was found, with mean of 0.8 for the GH67 group and 0.4 for GH33, p<0.01. The mean total gain in heightSDS during treatment was 1.9 for GH67 and 1.4 for GH33, p<0.01. A dose-dependent pubertal ΔIGF-ISDS was 0.5 vs −0.1, p=0.007, correlating to pubertal gain in heightSDS, p=0.003; and was the most important variable to explain the variation in pubertal gain in heightSDS. In the non-GHD group the ΔIGF-ISDS from baseline to mean study level was dose-dependent 2.07 vs 1.20, p=0.001; and correlated negatively with baseline values of IGF-ISDS, rho= -0.56 for GH67, p=0.001, vs rho= -0.82 for GH33, p=0.0001, and correlated positively with gain in heightSDS in both GH-treated groups, rho= 0.42, p<0.001. In multivariable regression analyses, ΔIGF-ISDS was always an important explanatory variable for long-term growth response from the prepubertal period until adult height, while the IGF-ISDS study level per se was not. Conclusion: Growth response to GH treatment was dose dependent with great variability between patients. More pubertal growth was attained by an increased rhGH dose, mimicking the physiology of healthy children, in whom GH secretion rate increases during puberty. This resulted in a gain in IGF-ISDS closely correlating to pubertal gain in heightSDS in both IGHD and non-GHD patients. A broad range in GH responsiveness was found for both growth and IGF response in both diagnostic groups, but lower in the non-GHD group. Higher uptake of a given GH dose was observed after a deep injection and a higher GH concentration. These results are clinically applicable for individuals who remain short close to onset of puberty; by identifying and deeply injecting a rhGH dose that accounts for individual responsiveness, we can stimulate an increment in IGF-ISDS that correlates to gain in heightSDS during puberty.
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Rocha, Lemar Maciel da. "Altura de manejo do pasto e suas conseqüências sobre a produção animal e a dinâmica de pastagens anuais de inverno." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15596.
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O objetivo do experimento foi compreender e quantificar a mudança estrutural de pastagens anuais típicas do período hibernal do RS e avaliar o potencial produtivo e as características de carcaças de novilhos superprecoces. O experimento foi conduzido em área pertencente à Fazenda Espinilho, localizada no município de São Miguel das Missões – RS. Foram impostos quatro tratamentos por meio de diferentes alturas de manejo da pastagem: 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm, obtidas a partir da aplicação de diferentes cargas animais. O delineamento foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Foram utilizados animais, com cerca de 10 meses de idade, machos inteiros, uniformes, sem padrão racial definido, com peso médio inicial de 190 kg. As variáveis estudadas foram: massa de forragem (MF), taxa de acúmulo de forragem (TAC), produção total de forragem (PTMS), relação lâmina foliar/colmo + bainha, ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho por área (GPA). Observou-se um aumento linear da MF com o aumento da altura do pasto, onde para cada cm de aumento na altura acima de 10 cm, correspondem um incremento de cerca de 108 kg/há na MF do pasto. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos para a TAC, bem como para a PTMS, cujos valores médios foram de 55,8 kg/há.dia e 8210 kg/ha, respectivamente. O aumento no GMD foi condicionado pelo incremento na qualidade e/ou na quantidade de forragem disponível, já que as OF diárias para os tratamentos de 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm de altura foram de 6, 7, 13 e 19 kg de MS/100 kg de PV, respectivamente. Portanto, o modelo de resposta do GMD em relação às alturas resultou em 0,96 e 1,24 kg/animal nos tratamentos de menor e maior GMD, respectivamente, que foram de 10 e 20 cm de altura. O maior GPA observado no tratamento 10 cm (515 kg de PV/ha) deveu-se à uma maior carga animal utilizada, e ambas apresentaram respostas lineares decrescendo com o aumento da altura de pastejo. O peso vivo dos animais antes do abate não foram incrementados com o aumento da altura do pasto (P>0,05). Houve um forte e abrupto decréscimo da relação lâmina/colmo+bainha colmo nos tratamentos 30 e 40 cm a partir de setembro. Investigou-se o ajuste de quatro tipos teóricos de distribuição das freqüências de altura em cada tratamento e em seis diferentes datas de observação, bem como o potencial de predição da MF por intermédio da altura do pasto. A distribuição das freqüências de altura se ajustou ao modelo Normal em apenas uma das noventa e seis séries analisadas. A distribuição tipo Gamma foi a que mais freqüentemente se ajustou aos dados de altura, porém, uma vez iniciado o pastejo, o incremento da heterogeneidade no pasto foi tal que a distribuição de freqüências não se ajustou a nenhum dos modelos estudados. Sugerese que as metas de altura de manejo devam ser variáveis ao longo do ciclo de pastejo, com o intuito de se administrar a heterogeneidade causada pelo animal.Aiming to comprehend and quantify the structural changes in typical temperate annual pastures from RS and evaluate the potential production and characteristics of young beef steers carcass, this experiment was conducted at Fazenda Espinilho, located in São Miguel das Missões. Treatments were four sward height management targets (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm), using continuous variable stocking. A completely randomized block design with three replicates was applied. Beef steers weighting 190 Kg were used and they were ten months old, non-castrated males with no defined breed. The investigated variables were herbage mass (HM), herbage growth rate (GR), total dry matter production (TDMP) and laminae/stem+sheath relation, average daily gain (ADG), gain per area (GPA). Results indicated a linear increase relating herbage mass and sward height, where each cm on sward height above 10 cm increases herbage mass in 108 kg/ha. Treatments did not differ in GR and the TDMP, average values being 55,8 kg DM/ha and 8210 kg DM/ha, respectively. The increase on the average daily gain (ADG) was due to the increase of quality/amount of available forage and the herbage allowance for the treatments of 10, 20, 30, 40 cm, was 6, 7, 13, 19 DM kg/ 100 kg LW, respectively. So, the ADG was 0.96 and 1.24 kg/animal for the treatments of lowest and highest ADG, which corresponds to 10 cm and 20 cm. Once ADG was low, the highest GPA observed on the 10 cm treatment (515 Kg PV/ha) was due to a higher stocking rate and both presented a negative linear response, decreasing with the increase in sward height. Concerning final live weight there was no difference with increasing sward height (P>0,05). A pronounced decrease in laminae/stem+sheath relation for 30 and 40 cm treatments occurred by September. In addition, four theoretical distributions were fitted to sward height data for each treatment in six different sample dates. Sward frequency height distributions fitted Normal distribution only in one of ninety six data series analyzed. Gamma distribution was more frequently adjusted to sward height data, however, once grazing started, pasture heterogeneity was so increased that sward height did not fitted neither of the investigated models. It is suggested that sward height targets should be variable along the grazing season aiming to manage the heterogeneity caused by the animal.
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Koscheck, Jefferson Fabiano Werner [UNESP]. "Intensificação do manejo do pasto e uso da suplementação nos parâmetros produtivos na recria e terminação de bovinos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148824.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivou-se avaliar a massa de forragem, estrutura do dossel, composição química, consumo e digestibilidade, desempenho, conteúdo do trato gastrointestinal e metano entérico de touros jovens Nelore recriados em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu submetido a diferentes alturas de pastejo e níveis de suplementos durante o período de águas e transição águas seca sob lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável, assim como, o efeito da recria sobre a terminação no confinamento ou no pasto. Os tratamentos no período das águas consistiram de altura baixa do pasto (15 cm) (AB) e suplementação a 0,3% do peso corporal (PC) (AB-0,3%), AB e suplementação a 0,6% do PC (AB-0,6%), altura moderada do pasto (25 cm) (AM) e suplementação a 0,1% do PC (AM-0,1%), AM e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AM-0,3%), altura alta do pasto (35 cm) (AA) e suplementação mineral (AA-SM), AA e suplementação a 0,1% do PC (AA-0,1%). Na transição os tratamentos consistiram de AM e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AM-0,3%), AM e suplementação a 0,6% do PC (AM-0,6%), AA e suplementação 0,1% (AA-0,1%), AA e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AA-0,3%). Na fase de terminação os animais foram divididos em dois experimentos, no experimento 1, 24 animais foram terminados em sistema de pastejo, recebendo 2% do PC, enquanto os do experimento 2, 24 animais foram terminados em sistema de confinamento em baias individuais. A dieta de terminação no confinamento foi constituída por bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como volumoso (13% com base na MS) e concentrado (87% com base na MS). No período das águas foram utilizados 126 touros jovens da raça Nelore, sendo adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições (piquetes) por tratamento (n = 18). Na transição foi utilizado 68 animais, sendo utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições (piquetes) por tratamento (n = 12). Na terminação foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e três repetições (lote de 2 animais cada) por tratamento (n = 12). Como todas as variáveis avaliadas apresentaram efeito antes do início do experimento, as mesmas foram testadas como covariáveis no final do experimento. No período das águas, a massa de forragem dos pastos de AA, assim como a massa de folha verde, colmo verde e material morto foram maiores (P<0,01) que os valores observados nos pastos de AB em todos os períodos experimentais (P<0,01). O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) de pasto dos animais nos pastos de AA foi maior que o consumo na AB (P<0,01), porém, o CMS total foi igual nas três alturas estudadas. O tratamento AB-0,6% proporcionou maior ganho em carcaça, quando comparado com AB-0,3%, AM-0,1% e AA-SM (P<0,01), e menor ganho diário em carcaça foi observado no tratamento AM-0,1% e AA-SM (P<0,01). No período de transição águas seca, os tratamentos AM-0,3% e AM-0,6% proporciona menor massa de forragem total, de folha verde e de colmo verde, maior taxa de lotação e menor CMS de pasto pelos animais. Animais no tratamento AM-0,6% do PC apresentam maior consumo de energia bruta e energia metabolizável, e maior ganho de PC e de carcaça por hectare. No presente estudo, apesar dos planos nutricionais terem proporcionado peso de carcaça diferente ao final da fase de recria, ao mensurar o peso de carcaça no final da fase de terminação não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os sistemas avaliados.
It was aimed in this work to evaluate the forage mass, sward structure, chemical composition, intake and digestibility, performance, gastrointestinal tract content and enteric methane of young Nelore bulls reared in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu submitted to different grazing heights and supplement levels during the rainy season and rainy-dry season transition under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate, as well as the effect of rearing on finishing in feedlot or pasture. The treatments in the rainy season consisted of low grass height (15 cm) (AB) and supplementation at 0.3% of body weight (PC) (AB-0.3%), AB and supplementation at 0.6% of PC (AB-0.6%), medium pasture height (AM) and 0.1% PC supplementation (AM-0.1%), AM and PC supplementation 0.3% (AM-0.3%), high grass height (35 cm) (AA) and mineral supplementation (AA-SM), AA and 0.1% PC supplementation (AA-0.1%). At the transition, treatments consisted of AM and 0.3% PC supplementation (AM-0.3%), AM and 0.6% PC supplementation (AM-0.6%), AA and 0.1 % PC supplementation (AA-0.1%), AA and 0.3% PC supplementation (AA-0.3%). In the finishing phase the animals were divided in two experiments, in the experiment 1, 24 animals were finished in grazing system, receiving 2% of the PC, while those of experiment 2, 24 animals were finished in feedlot in individual stalls. The feedlot finishing diet consisted of sugarcane bagasse as bulky (13% based on DM) and concentrated (87% based on DM). In the rainy season, 126 young Nellore bulls were used, with a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replicates (stalls) per treatment (n = 18). In the transition, 68 animals were used, and the experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three replicates (stalls) per treatment (n = 12). At the finishing phase, a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications (batch of 2 animals each) was used per treatment (n = 12). As all variables evaluated had an effect before the beginning of the experiment, they were tested as co-variables at the end of the experiment. In the rainy season, the forage grass mass of AA, as well as the mass of green leaf, green stem and dead material were higher (P <0.01) than the values observed in grass of AB in all experimental periods (P <0.01). The dry matter intake (CMS) of pasture of the animals in the pastures of AA was higher than the intake in the AB (P <0.01), however, the total CMS was equal in the three heights studied. The AB-0.6% treatment provided higher carcass gain, when compared to AB-0.3%, AM-0.1% and AA-SM (P <0.01), and lower daily gain in carcass was observed in the treatment AM-0.1% and AA-SM (P <0.01). In the rainy-dry transition season, the AM-0.3% and AM-0.6% treatments provided lower total forage mass, green leaf and green stem, higher stocking rate and lower CMS of pasture by animals. The animals in the treatment AM-0.6% of the PC present higher crude energy intake and metabolizable energy, and higher PC and carcass gain per hectare. In the present study, although the nutritional plans provided different carcass weight at the end of the rearing phase, when measuring the carcass weight at the end of the finishing phase, no statistical differences were observed between the evaluated systems.
FAPESP: 2013/05894-0
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Koscheck, Jefferson Fabiano Werner. "Intensificação do manejo do pasto e uso da suplementação nos parâmetros produtivos na recria e terminação de bovinos de corte /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148824.
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Orientador: Ricardo Andrade ReisResumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a massa de forragem, estrutura do dossel, composição química, consumo e digestibilidade, desempenho, conteúdo do trato gastrointestinal e metano entérico de touros jovens Nelore recriados em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu submetido a diferentes alturas de pastejo e níveis de suplementos durante o período de águas e transição águas seca sob lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável, assim como, o efeito da recria sobre a terminação no confinamento ou no pasto. Os tratamentos no período das águas consistiram de altura baixa do pasto (15 cm) (AB) e suplementação a 0,3% do peso corporal (PC) (AB-0,3%), AB e suplementação a 0,6% do PC (AB-0,6%), altura moderada do pasto (25 cm) (AM) e suplementação a 0,1% do PC (AM-0,1%), AM e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AM-0,3%), altura alta do pasto (35 cm) (AA) e suplementação mineral (AA-SM), AA e suplementação a 0,1% do PC (AA-0,1%). Na transição os tratamentos consistiram de AM e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AM-0,3%), AM e suplementação a 0,6% do PC (AM-0,6%), AA e suplementação 0,1% (AA-0,1%), AA e suplementação a 0,3% do PC (AA-0,3%). Na fase de terminação os animais foram divididos em dois experimentos, no experimento 1, 24 animais foram terminados em sistema de pastejo, recebendo 2% do PC, enquanto os do experimento 2, 24 animais foram terminados em sistema de confinamento em baias individuais. A dieta de terminação no confinamento foi constituída por bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como volumoso (13% com bas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Wesp, Cristiane de Lima. "Sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária : desempenho de novilhos superprecoces e variabilidade espacial do pasto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27034.
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A introdução de bovinos em pastejo em áreas destinadas ao cultivo de culturas de grãos possibilita maximização de renda no sistema, contribuindo para o benefício da cultura em sucessão, quando a intensidade de pastejo é manejada adequadamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de pastejo, em função de quatro alturas de manejo de uma pastagem de aveiapreta e azevém anual em sucessão à cultura da soja, bem como, a influência dessas alturas sobre o desempenho animal, a variabilidade espacial do pasto e a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração. Os tratamentos consistiram das alturas de manejo de pasto de 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm; e de um tratamento sem pastejo (SP). A coleta de dados realizou-se entre julho e novembro de 2008, no município de Tupanciretã, RS, Brasil. Foram utilizados novilhos de corte, provenientes de cruzamento entre as raças Angus, Hereford e Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 203 ± 1,7 kg. Esses foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, onde permaneceram em pastejo por 122 dias. As alturas médias reais, encontradas para os cinco tratamentos avaliados, corresponderam a 14,1; 22,6; 32,0; 41,1 e 45,0 cm, respectivamente. As variáveis massa de forragem, oferta de forragem e palhada residual responderam de maneira positiva e linear ao incremento da altura do pasto (P≤0,0001). O desempenho individual, o peso vivo ao abate e as características de carcaça dos novilhos apresentaram resposta quadrática, e foram otimizadas em alturas de manejo do pasto próximas a 30 cm (P≤0,0305). As menores alturas de manejo proporcionaram maiores ganhos por área, em função da maior carga animal utilizada. A presença de animais em pastejo proporcionou variabilidade espacial de alturas ao final do ciclo de utilização da pastagem. O mesmo foi observado para a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, principalmente, nas camadas superciais do solo. Os valores de resistência evidenciaram os efeitos do pastejo até a profundidade de 0,20 m, sendo esses crescentes com o aumento das intensidades de pastejo impostas. Os resultados demonstram que alturas próximas a 30 cm permitem maiores ganhos individuais, em função do aumento da quantidade de forragem disponível por animal, não havendo comprometimento da palhada residual destinada à cultura subseqüente nesses casos, nem dos atributos físicos do solo avaliados.The introduction of cattle into areas destined for grain crop production enables maximizing income from the system and can benefit the subsequent grain crop provided grazing intensity is managed properly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different grazing intensities on animal performance, sward spatial variability and soil penetration resistance within in a crop-livestock system. The treatments consisted of four grazing sward heights, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, and no grazing (NG), in a sward of black oat and annual ryegrass grown in succession with soybean. The study was conducted from May to November 2008, near Tupanciretã, RS, Brasil. Beef steers (Angus x Hereford x Nellore) with average initial weight of 203 ± 1.7 kg were distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, where they grazed for 122 days. The observed average sward heights for the five treatments were 14.1; 22.6; 32.0; 41.1 and 45.0 cm, respectively. Herbage mass, herbage allowance and residual straw responded positively and linearly to increasing sward heights (P≤0.0001). Average daily gain, slaughter live weight, and carcass characteristics of the steers showed a quadratic response and were optimal in the 30 cm sward height treatment (P≤0.0305). The shorter sward heights provided higher total animal gain per area, due to the associated higher stocking rates. The presence of grazing animals resulted in spatial variability of sward heights at the end of the grazing cycle. The same was observed for soil penetration resistance, particularly in the surface layers of the soil. The soil penetration resistance showed the effect of animal traffic to a depth of 0.20 m, which increased with increasing grazing intensities. The results suggest that maintaining grazed sward heights near 30 cm provides better individual animal gains by the increasing amount of forage available per animal, while not compromising the residual straw remaining for the subsequent grain crop and without inducing excessive soil compaction.
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Gunnarsdóttir, Jóhanna. "Epidemiological Studies of Preeclampsia : Maternal & Offspring Perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320138.
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Preeclampsia is a placental-related disorder characterized by generalized endothelial activation. Vascular predisposition is associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia and the recurrence risk is substantial. Onset of preeclampsia is preceded by placental hypo-perfusion, and placental over-production of vasoconstrictive agents might explain symptoms such as hypertension and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is associated with the birth of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. The trajectory of postnatal growth in SGA-born children is described as catch-up, but it is unclear whether prenatal preeclampsia is independently associated with postnatal growth. The objectives were: firstly, to study the association between partner change and prior miscarriages on the occurrence of preeclampsia and SGA; secondly, to study postnatal growth in children prenatally exposed to preeclampsia; and thirdly, to address the association between blood pressure (BP) changes during pregnancy and risks of preeclampsia and SGA. Population-based cohort studies were performed with information from the following registers: Swedish Medical Birth Register, Uppsala Mother and Child Database and Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Database. Associations were estimated with logistic and linear regression analyses, with adjustments for maternal characteristics, including body mass index, pre-gestational diseases and socioeconomic factors. The results were, firstly, that partner change was associated with preeclampsia and SGA birth in the second pregnancy but depended on the outcome of the first pregnancy, and that a history of recurrent miscarriages was associated with increased risks of preeclampsia and SGA. Secondly, prenatal exposure to preeclampsia was associated with increased offspring growth in height during the first five years. This association was also seen in children born with normal birth weight for gestational age. Thirdly, pre-hypertension in late gestation and elevated diastolic BP from early to mid-gestation were both associated with SGA birth. Further, women with pre-hypertension in early gestation without lowered diastolic BP until mid-gestation seemed to represent a risk group for preeclampsia. To conclude, the importance of previous pregnancy outcomes in the antenatal risk evaluation was highlighted. Secondly, the results imply that postnatal growth trajectory is related to maternal preeclampsia, in addition to SGA. Thirdly, the association between BP changes within a normal range and SGA may challenge the clinical cut-off for hypertension in pregnancy.
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Lee, Dong Gil. "Relationship between arch height and midfoot joint pressures during gait." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1227563948.
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Thesis (D. Eng.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 2, 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Wilken, Jason Mitchell. "The effect of arch height on tri-planar foot kinemetics during gait." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/63.
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Kitessa, Soressa Mererra. "Mixed grazing of sheep and cattle using continuous or rotational stocking." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2245.
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Two consecutive experiments were conducted to test a hypothesis that mixed grazing outcome is influenced by the type of stocking system applied. The objective of both experiments was to investigate the influence of co-grazing with sheep on cattle liveweight gain (LWG) under continuous (C) and rotational (R) stocking, where sheep weekly liveweight change under the two stocking systems was kept similar. In experiment I nine yearling heifers (266 ± 4.5 kg liveweight) and 27 ewe hoggets (54±0.9 kg liveweight) were continuously stocked for 19 weeks on an irrigated perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture (2.95 ha) maintained at a sward surface height (SSH) of 5cm by adding or removing additional animals in a fixed ratio (1: 1 W⁰.⁷⁵ cattle:sheep). An equal area of pasture was rotationally stocked by a similar group of animals where they received a new area of pasture daily and also had access to the grazed area over the previous 2 days. The size of the new area provided daily was such that the weekly liveweight change of rotationally co-grazed sheep was equal to that of those continuously co-grazed with cattle. Similar groups of animals were used in the second experiment with additional group of 9 heifers grazed alone on C and R pastures. Liveweight of animals was recorded weekly and final fasted weight was determined after 24-hour total feed restriction. SSH on both treatment swards was recorded daily. There were three intake measurement periods spread over the trial period. Organic matter intake (OMI) was predicted from the ratio of N-alkanes in faeces and herbage. Diet composition was determined by dissecting oesophageal extrusa samples. Grazing behaviour (bite rates and grazing time) were also recorded. The mean SSH for C pasture was 5.1±0.09 cm. Overall pre- and post-grazing SSH for R pasture was 15.9 ±0.12 and 5.6 ±0.07 cm, respectively. As determined by the protocol average daily LWG of sheep was similar between C and R (147 (±5.8) vs 138 (±6.7) g day⁻¹; (P>0.05). In contrast, cattle continuously stocked with sheep grew 200 g day⁻¹ slower than those rotationally stocked with sheep (800 (±41.6) vs 1040 (±47.7) g day⁻¹, P<0.0l). R heifers achieved 30 kg higher final fasted liveweight than C heifers (350 vs 381 kg; P<0.01). Overall LWG per ha was also 6 % higher under R than C stocking (674 vs 634 kg ha⁻¹). The OMD of both sheep (73.5 vs 75.8 %) and cattle (75.8 vs 78.0 %) diets was similar under continuous and rotational stocking. There was no significant difference OMI data also concurred with the L WG data (Cattle: 7.94 vs 6.31 (±0.32) kg day⁻¹ (P<0.05); sheep: 1.40 vs 1.44 (±0.04) kg day⁻¹ for Rand C treatments, respectively). There was no difference in clover content of cattle diet under C and R treatments. C heifers had higher number of bites per minute than R heifers (62 vs 56; P<0.05). Proportion of heifers seen grazing (every 15-minute) during four 24-hour observations was greater on C than R pasture (0.44 vs 0.31 (±0.03); P<0.05). The similarity coefficient between sheep and cattle diet was 0.61 and 0.76 under C and R stocking, respectively. The lower daily LWG of C heifers was attributed to (a) the lower SSH under C than R stocking and/or (b) the inability of cattle to compete well with sheep where there is small, continual renewal of resources (C) in contrast to a large periodic renewal under R stocking. This experiment showed that the outcome of mixed gruing can be influenced by the stocking system chosen. But it was not possible to apportion the difference in LWG of cattle between mixed grazing per se and the difference in mean grazed sward height (5.1 for C vs 10.8 cm for R). A second experiment was conducted to determine the relative performance of cattle co-grazed with sheep (CS) and grazed alone (CA) under each stocking system. Hence, there were four treatments. CA- continuous stocking (CA-C), CS- continuous stocking (CS-C), CA- rotational stocking (CAR) and CS- rotational stocking (CS-R). A total area of 4.42 ha was allocated to each stocking system. Under C stocking, 2.95 ha (2/3) was assigned to CS-C and 1.47 ha (1/3) to CA-C, and SSH on both treatments was kept at 4 cm by adding or removing extra animals. Under R stocking, CA-R and CS-R grazed side by side separated by an electric fence. They were given a fresh area daily, the size of which was varied such that the weekly LW change of R sheep was equal to that of the C sheep. CA-R received one-third of the new area though the size was adjusted regularly to achieve the same post-grazing SSH with CS-R. Measurements included: weekly liveweight change, OMI (two periods) and diet composition (using N-alkanes). The mean SSH of CA-C and CS-C swards was 4.27 and 4.26 (±0.02) cm, respectively. CA-R and CS-R swards had mean pre-grazing SSH of 14.9 and 15.2 (±0.08) cm and post-grazing heights of 4.87 and 4.82 cm (±0.03), respectively. The proportion of areas infrequently grazed was higher for CA-C than CS-C swards (0.22 vs 0.17, respectively). C and R sheep daily LWG: 155 (±0.6) and 147 (±0.7) g, and OMI: 1.96 and 2.04 (±0.ll) kg, respectively, were not significantly different. They also had similar diet composition. In comparison, CS-C heifers grew only at 69 % of the daily LWG achieved by CS-R heifers (706 vs 1028 (±72) g; P<0.05). LWG of CA-C and CA-R was 916 and 1022 (±72) g day⁻¹, respectively. The difference in LWG between CS-R and CS-C (D₁) heifers was due to difference in mean sward height, stocking system and mixed grazing, while D₂ (difference in LWG between CA-R and CAC) was due to difference in mean sward height and stocking system. D₁-D₂ (the effect of stocking system on mixed grazing) was 216 g and made up 67 % of the total difference between CS-R and CS-C. There was a significant stocking system-species mixture interaction in the final fasted LW achieved by heifers. Final fasted LW was significantly lower for CS-C than CA-C heifers (283 vs 323 (±9.7) kg), but did not differ between CS-R and CA-R (332 vs 330 (±9.7) kg, respectively). The digestibility of diet OM was similar for both continuously and rotationally stocked sheep (84.4 vs 83.2 %, respectively). Cattle diet OMO was 76.5, 74.7, 79.4 and 77.8 for CA-C, CS-C, CA-R and CS-R respectively (P>0.05). Differences in OMI followed a similar pattern to daily LWG. Mean daily OMI was 8.98, 6.24, 8.80 and 9.45 (±0.40) kg for CA-C, CS-C, CA-R and CS-R, respectively. Clover content of the diet of CA-C heifers was three times higher than that of CS-C heifers (30.7 vs 10.4 % OM; P<0.05); there was no difference in clover content of diets of CS-R and CA-R heifers (21.5 vs 23.9 % OM, respectively). In both stocking systems LWG per ha was higher on CA than CS treatments. These results suggested that the disadvantage of selective clover grazing by sheep outweighed the advantages of sheep grazing around cattle dung patches under continuous stocking. Under rotational stocking, rapid diurnal changes in sward conditions probably limited selective grazing by both sheep and cattle such that there was no disadvantage to CS cattle. The results do not provide a basis for recommending grazing cattle with sheep rather than cattle alone, but do provide some basis for recommending co-grazing of sheep and cattle using rotational rather than continuous stocking.
Books on the topic "Gain in height"
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Maki, B. E. Influence of handrail height and stairway slope on the ability of young and elderly users to generate stabilizing forces and moments. Ottawa: Editiorial Office, Division of Electrical Engineering,National Research Council of Canada, 1988.
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Mcdermott, Leeanne. GamePro Presents: Sega Genesis Games Secrets: Greatest Tips. Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1992.
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Pre-conception maternal body composition and gestational weight gain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0028.
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Maternal diet and body composition prior to pregnancy influence gestational weight gain and infant growth patterns. Low maternal pre-pregnancy weight, low BMI, and low attained weight throughout pregnancy are associated with impaired fetal growth, while obesity and high weight gain increases the risks of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes and excessive fetal growth and offspring obesity. Currently the US Institute of Medicine guidelines for gestational weight gain are the only ones available for developed countries where mean maternal height is similar to that in the US. While these guidelines should be followed, attention should be given to body composition before pregnancy, and measures of body habitus such as maternal height should be taken into account.
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Nutritional management of Crohn's disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0043.
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Nutritional status 304Treatment 304Refeeding syndrome 306Monitoring 306Food reintroduction 307Continued nutritional support following exclusive enteral nutrition 307Crohn's disease in childhood has a significant effect on growth and development.Enteral nutrition as a treatment for Crohn's disease was first introduced in the 1970s and is used as a primary therapy in children because of its proven efficacy, lack of side effects and positive impact on growth. The aim is to induce remission while promoting weight gain and subsequent height gain and pubertal development....
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Wright, A. G. Statistical processes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0004.
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Two statistical processes affect performance: one concerns photon detection at the photocathode (binomial); and the other, gain at each dynode (Poisson). The combined statistical processes dictate resolution, both timing and pulse height. They are best examined using generating functions that are both elegant and capable of providing answers more efficiently than traditional approaches. The requirement for steady and pulsed light sources is an important one for testing and setting up procedures. The use of moments to test the quality of performance is illustrated for a steady DC light source. Amplification provided by a dynode stack is a cascade process, leading to dispersion in gain, and is also ideally handled with generating functions. Theory is developed for essentially continuous pulse height distributions, such as those produced by a multichannel analyser. Arrival time statistics for scintillators are investigated analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. Treatment is given for dead time and scaling.
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Wright, A. G. PMT background. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0006.
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Photomultiplier (PMT) background derives from sources of photons, and from photoelectrons generation within a PMT. These may also act as a source of optical and radioactive background for neighbouring detectors. Dark count and dark current are reconciled by allowing for leakage currents flowing into the anode. The optimal gain setting follows from these considerations. Sources of background generated by the photocathode include thermionic emission; light generated within the PMT; gamma rays; muons and minimum ionizing particles (MIPs); insulator glow in the region of the anode; and residual gas. Pulse height distributions for dark counts, in terms of photoelectrons equivalent, reveal the size and magnitude distributions of the various contributions. Temperature and gain dependence are also covered. PMTs constructed from low radioactive glass provide ultra-low background.
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Caso, Antonio. Existence as Economy and as Charity. Translated by Alexander V. Stehn and Jose G. Rodriguez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190601294.003.0003.
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Antonio Caso rejects the effort of biologists to reduce life to the organic world, a sphere of existence that is defined by economy and egoism, best summarized in the formula: Life = Minimum Effort x Maximum Gain. The problem is that this cannot explain what he calls “disinterested activity,” such as play, art, and self-sacrifice. His primary example of disinterested or selfless activity is the life of Jesus, which Caso also believes is the height of human dignity. In other words, Caso not only argues that there is more than one order of life or existence; he also argues that selfless activity is ultimately what distinguishes human life, whose best expression is found in the essence of Christianity: to give oneself to others “without fear of exhaustion.” To be human is to be willing to sacrifice oneself, best expressed in the following formula: Sacrifice = Maximum Effort x Minimum Gain.
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Wackerhage, Henning, Jonathon Smith, and Darren Wisniewski. Molecular exercise physiology. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0031.
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Molecular exercise physiology is the study of exercise physiology using molecular biology methods. The development of differentiated cell types is regulated by transcription factors like the muscle-making MyoD that specifies cell type, while others regulate the development of muscle, tendons, and bones. Maternal nutrition and exercise commonly affect embryonic development through epigenetic mechanisms. Adaptation to exercise involves sensor proteins detecting exercise-related signals, the processing of signals by signalling proteins and networks, and the regulation of the actual adaptations by effector proteins. Many sport- and exercise-related traits depend on both common and rare DNA sequence variations, including the muscle mass-increasing myostatin (GDF8) loss-of-function and the haematocrit-increasing EPOR gain-of-function mutations. Additionally, common DNA sequence variations contribute to the inherited variability of development, body height, strength, and endurance. Finally, in addition to ethical concerns, current genetic performance tests only explain a fraction of the variation of sport and exercise-related traits.
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Corsino, Louis. You Can’t Shoot Everyone. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0005.
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This chapter turns more directly toward organized crime. It identifies the Chicago Heights boys and the mix of social capital processes, specifically the social closure and brokerage opportunities, that allowed this segment of the Chicago Outfit a near half century run as a highly profitable, successful criminal operation. Illegal activities associated with organized crime provided an avenue for social mobility. While these illegal operations existed from the beginning of Chicago Heights' incorporation as a city in the early 1900s, the 1920s saw a dramatic increase in the size and scope of these operations as Prohibition created a tremendous black market opportunity for illegal liquor. Exhibiting a strong entrepreneurial sense and a willingness to use violence to accomplish their goals, a select group of Italian residents in Chicago Heights allied themselves with Al Capone to gain control of the illegal liquor, gambling, and prostitution trades in the Heights.
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Corsino, Louis. Did They Jump? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0004.
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For the greater part of the last century, Chicago Heights Italians found themselves on the wrong end of the cultural, political, and economic hierarchy in the city. This position made it extremely difficult for Italians to make recognizable gains in social mobility for themselves or their families. This chapter examines the collective mobilization strategies—labor organizing, mutual-aid societies, and ethnic entrepreneurship—that Chicago Heights Italians pursued in response to the diminished opportunities for mobility. Each collective mobilization was fueled by the social capital in the community. Each generated success stories. But each also came up against obstacles that limited their appeal in the Italian community.
Book chapters on the topic "Gain in height"
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Djurić-Jovičić, M., N. S. Jovičić, and D. B. Popović. "The Influence of Heel Height on Gait Pattern." In IFMBE Proceedings, 872–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23508-5_227.
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BenAbdelkader, Chiraz, Ross Cutler, and Larry Davis. "View-invariant Estimation of Height and Stride for Gait Recognition." In Biometric Authentication, 155–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47917-1_16.
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Mayr, Johannes, Hubert Gattringer, and Hartmut Bremer. "Online Walking Gait Generation with Predefined Variable Height of the Center of Mass." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 569–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25489-5_55.
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Habyarimana, Ephrem, and Sofia Michailidou. "Genomic Prediction and Selection in Support of Sorghum Value Chains." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 207–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_16.
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AbstractGenomic prediction and selection models (GS) were deployed as part of DataBio project infrastructure and solutions. The work addressed end-user requirements, i.e., the need for cost-effectiveness of the implemented technologies, simplified breeding schemes, and shortening the time to cultivar development by selecting for genetic merit. Our solutions applied genomic modelling in order to sustainably improve productivity and profits. GS models were implemented in sorghum crop for several breeding scenarios. We fitted the best linear unbiased predictions data using Bayesian ridge regression, genomic best linear unbiased predictions, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and BayesB algorithms. The performance of the models was evaluated using Monte Carlo cross-validation with 70% and 30%, respectively, as training and validation sets. Our results show that genomic models perform comparably with traditional methods under single environments. Under multiple environments, predicting non-field evaluated lines benefits from borrowing information from lines that were evaluated in other environments. Accounting for environmental noise and other factors, also this model gave comparable accuracy with traditional methods, but higher compared to the single environment model. The GS accuracy was comparable in genomic selection index, aboveground dry biomass yield and plant height, while it was lower for the dry mass fraction of the fresh weight. The genomic selection model performances obtained in our pilots are high enough to sustain sorghum breeding for several traits including antioxidants production and allow important genetic gains per unit of time and cost.
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NithyaDorairajan, Chitra M. Perumal, Padmavathi PT, Ranjanadevi R, and BhagavathShruthi VJ. "Design of Compact High Gain Multilayer Stacked Patch Antenna." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200185.
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In this paper a compact multilayer stacked patch antenna with high gain is proposed. The structure is composed of stacked patches with U slots and shorting pins. The proposed antenna is capable for resonating at the center frequency of 2.25 GHz. The performance of the antenna is characterized by the simulated result of bandwidth, gain and reflection coefficient. The antenna has reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB with a maximum gain of 7.07 dBi. The proposed antenna has bandwidth of nearly 400MHz and has less size with an overall height of 10.3 mm. The designed frequency range occupies S band which is used for various applications like weather radar, surface ship radar, Bluetooth and ZigBee.
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"Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America." In Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, edited by Ulrich G. Reinhardt, Thomas Binder, and D. Gordon McDonald. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch6.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Low-head barriers against invasive sea lampreys <em>Petromyzon marinus</em> in the Great Lakes are designed to maintain a minimum crest height of 30 cm and have a lip on the crest to prevent them from climbing over the barrier. We tested the ability of migratory-phase sea lampreys to scale inclined ramps with shallow (0.7–5 cm) water depth. We predicted that sea lampreys would jump the barrier and that their ability to attach would increase passage success. A recirculating flume and ramp with a vertical height of 10–30 cm and an inclination between 308 and 608 were used to evaluate lamprey climbing ability. Lampreys trying to scale the ramp were monitored by passive integrated transponder tag readers and low-light video cameras. No lampreys were observed jumping out of the water to scale a barrier. Independent of ramp angle, no fish passed over a 30-cm ramp. Lampreys often attached themselves to the ramp, but without a gain of vertical height between repeated attempts. The success rate at lower ramp heights varied between 0% (15 cm height, 308 angle) and 63% (10 cm height, 608 angle). Only ramps shorter than half the body length of the lampreys could be surmounted. Apparently, the lampreys had to have their dorso-ventral fins fully submerged in the downstream pool to create enough propulsion to scale a ramp in burst-swimming mode. An analysis of 1,300 passage attempts in a field-validation experiment showed a greater apparent motivation to move up a ramp but reconfirmed our laboratory findings on passage technique and maximum performance. We conclude that sea lamprey barrier height could be further reduced and that an overhanging lip is not necessary as sea lampreys neither climb nor jump over barriers. A ramp with a shallow inclination and moderate vertical height and water flow is a new design suggestion for a barrier that blocks sea lampreys and may allow other fish species to pass.
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Butler, Gary. "Normal growth and its disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Mark Gurnell, 2416–28. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0255.
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Normal growth has three phases: rapid in infancy and adolescence, steady during mid childhood. Height should always be interpreted within the context of the family: short or tall stature is often familial; idiopathic short stature occurs when the height of a normal child is below their target range. Constitutional growth delay is a common normal variant, but poor growth and/or weight gain may be associated with recognized and unrecognized chronic disease, and also with psychosocial deprivation. Investigation must exclude conditions including hypothyroidism, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic kidney disease. Turner syndrome (karyotype 45,X) should be suspected in all girls presenting with growth failure, and skeletal dysplasia when a child is either short for their family or has one parent of significant short stature.
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Wert, Kathryn Van. "“Becoming Animal, Becoming Other”." In Affective Materialities, 213–35. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056289.003.0010.
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Kathryn Van Wert’s chapter entertains modernism’s experiments with depersonalization, looking to Rainer Maria Rilke and J. M. Coetzee in conversation with political theorist Jean Comaroff to address the body as living “with an open wound” at the height of colonial empire and within post-apartheid discourse. In these wounded modernist bodies, she argues, we may find an emergent material-affective response to the failed ethics of a juridico-political rhetoric dependent on a closed model of mind and body. Van Wert concludes by theorizing an ecological body politic whose openness—affectively and materially—must accept risk and contingency in order to gain vitality within modernity.
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Scalco, Renata C., Adriana F. Braz, Gil Guerra-Junior, Sonir RR Antonini, Alexsandra C. Malaquias, Sofia HV Lemos-Marini, Alexandre D. Baldin, et al. "Significant Gain in Final Height in Brazilian Turner Syndrome (TS) Patients Treated with rhGH in Comparison with Untreated Patients." In CLINICAL/TRANSLATIONAL - Pediatric Endocrinology: Turner Syndrome, Growth, Pituitary, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia & Adrenal, P2–717—P2–717. The Endocrine Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2011.part3.p14.p2-717.
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Schmitz, David F. "Architect of Victory." In The Sailor, 170–96. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813180441.003.0008.
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Throughout 1943, Allied forces moved forward on all fronts: taking control of the Mediterranean and toppling Mussolini from power in Italy, pushing the Germans back across the broad front in the Soviet Union, and continuing to gain enough ground in the Pacific that American planes were in the position to consistently strike at the Japanese home islands by late in the year. The year also marked the height of the Grand Alliance in terms of cooperation among the Big Three. Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill were finally able to meet in November-December 1943 in Teheran to plan for the final victory and discuss peace and the postwar world. Teheran was the most important meeting of the allied leaders during the war, and the vital decisions reached there carried the war forward through 1944 and to victory in 1945.
Conference papers on the topic "Gain in height"
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Luo, Cheng, Yiqun Liu, Tetsuya Sakai, Fan Zhang, Min Zhang, and Shaoping Ma. "Evaluating Mobile Search with Height-Biased Gain." In SIGIR '17: The 40th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080795.
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Vaidya, Avinash R., Rajiv K. Gupta, Sanjeev K. Mishra, and Jayanta Mukherjee. "Effect of superstrate height on gain of MSA fed Fabry Perot Cavity antenna." In Propagation Conference (LAPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lapc.2011.6114018.
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Taghikhani, Parastoo, Jian Yang, and Abbas Vosoogh. "High gain V-band planar array antenna using half-height pin gap waveguide." In 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap.2017.7928269.
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Yading Li and Karu P. Esselle. "A height-reduced, slot-array-fed EBG resonator antenna with high gain and large bandwidth." In 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2007.4396522.
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Rodriguez, Ignacio, Huan C. Nguyen, Troels B. Sorensen, Zhuyan Zhao, Hao Guan, and Preben Mogensen. "A novel geometrical height gain model for line-of-sight urban micro cells below 6 GHz." In 2016 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswcs.2016.7600935.
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Liu, Xueli, Shun Yao, John Gibson, and Stavros V. Georgakopoulos. "Frequency Reconfigurable QHA Based on Kapton Origami Helical Tube for GPS, Radio and WiMax Applications." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68048.
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Origami tubes are deployed to realize a compactable and frequency reconfigurable quadrifilar helical antenna (QHA). The specific origami pattern is parametrically analyzed to help with antenna modelling and simulation at reconfigurable states. Two quadrifilars respectively on helical tube and bellow tube are proposed, and the quadrifilar on helical tube is fabricated with 4-mil Kapton substrate. Measured results show that this Kapton QHA can operate with right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation patterns at 4 reconfigurable states with: ±1dB RHCP gain bandwidth from 1.05 GHz-1.4 GHz at state 1 with total antenna height H = 203 mm; ±1dB RHCP gain bandwidth from 1.4 GHz-1.73 GHz at state 2 with total antenna height H = 168 mm; ±1dB RHCP gain bandwidth from 2.07 GHz-2.7 GHz at state 3 with total antenna height H = 69 mm; ±1dB RHCP gain bandwidth from 2.7 GHz-2.94 GHz and 3.26 GHz-3.66 GHz at state 4 with total antenna height H = 54 mm. Therefore, this antenna can be reconfigured and applied in space and remote communication applications, such as GPS (1.17 GHz-1.58 GHz), radio (2.305 GHz-2.315 GHz) and WiMax (3.5 GHz).
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Li, Chong, Zhuyan Zhao, Lei Tian, Jianhua Zhang, Zhe Zheng, Jianfeng Kang, Hao Guan, Yi Zheng, and Haihan Sun. "Height gain modeling of outdoor-to-indoor path loss in metropolitan small cell based on measurements at 3.5 GHz." In 2014 International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wpmc.2014.7014879.
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Fathy, Hosam K., Scott A. Bortoff, G. Scott Copeland, Panos Y. Papalambros, and A. Galip Ulsoy. "Nested Optimization of an Elevator and Its Gain-Scheduled LQG Controller." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39273.
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This paper studies the combined optimization of an elevator’s design (plant) and LQG controller for ride comfort. Elevator dynamics and primary vibration sources (drive motor torque ripple and guide rail irregularity) are modeled using an object-oriented language. The resulting model is nonlinear. Elevator vibrations are minimized with respect to both the design and the LQG controller. LQG gains are scheduled versus cab mass and height for robustness. Sequential plant/control optimization produces an optimal ride only when the torque ripple is the dominant disturbance. Otherwise, passive vibration reduction decreases the controller’s authority over the vibrations, hence coupling the plant and control optimization problems. Combined plant/controller optimization, using a nested strategy, mitigates this coupling and finds the correct optimal system design.
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Khan, Z. M., T. K. Ng, U. Schwingenschlogl, and B. S. Ooi. "The influence of quantum-dash height on the differential gain and linewidth enhancement factor of InAs/InP quantum-dash lasers." In 7th International Symposium on High Capacity Optical Networks and Enabling Technologies (HONET 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/honet.2010.5715755.
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Negyesi, Martin, and Masaki Amaya. "High Temperature Oxidation of Zry-4 in Oxygen-Nitrogen Atmospheres." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67609.
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Zry-4 fuel cladding tubes were exposed in mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen at temperatures of 800–1380 °C. The influence of various flow rates of oxygen and nitrogen as well as specimen height on the weight gain was examined. Metallographic observations were carried out and residual mechanical properties were assessed employing ring compression tests (RCT). The overall weight gain was substantially affected by both the applied flow rates and the height of specimens. The oxidation kinetics in air was assessed based on the results of weight gain measurements. A transition in the kinetics was observed at 800 and 1000 °C. The kinetics in the post-transient regimes was rather accelerated than linear. The equation proposed in this study for air condition was in good agreement with the Leistikow-Berg correlation for air condition and the Baker-Just correlation for steam condition. Prior β-phase shrinked when the oxide scale along with the α-Zr(O) layer progressed. Eventually, both the specimen plastic strain and maximum load decreased due to the shrinkage and increasing embrittlement of the prior β-phase.