Journal articles: 'Gain in height'

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Ross, J., P. Czernichow, B. M. K. Biller, A. Colao, E. Reiter, and W. Kiess. "Growth Hormone: Health Considerations Beyond Height Gain." PEDIATRICS 125, no. 4 (March 22, 2010): e906-e918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1783.

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Pickett, Kate E., Barbara Abrams, and Steve Selvin. "Maternal height, pregnancy weight gain, and birthweight." American Journal of Human Biology 12, no. 5 (2000): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6300(200009/10)12:5<682::aid-ajhb13>3.0.co;2-x.

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Rudolph, Thomas D., Hyun C. Kang, and Raymond P. Guries. "Realized genetic gain for 2nd-year height in jack pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-110.

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A complete cycle of within-family selection for 2nd-year height in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) was accomplished. The expected absolute gain from a theoretical population is 9.3%. The expected gain calculated using actual selected parental group means was 6.5% for upper selection and −6.5% for lower selection; realized gains were 5.1% for upper selection and −3.7% for lower selection. Reasons for reductions in the realized gain compared with expected gain include (i) a finite base population size; (ii) biological constraints such as inconsistent seed production; (iii) non-normal distribution for the trait of interest; and (iv) non selected male parents in open pollination.

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Şarlak, Ahmet Yılmaz, Halil Atmaca, Resul Musaoğlu, and Elşen Veli Veliev. "The Height Gain in Scoliotic Deformity Correction: Assessed by New Predictive Formula." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/167021.

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Height gain after scoliosis correction is of a special interest for the patient and family. Ylikoski was the first to suggest a formula predicting height loss in untreated scoliotic patients. Stokes has recently suggested a new formula by using Cobb angle to determine height loss in idiopathic curves. We hypothesized that new additional variables to Cobb angle such as apical vertebral translation (AVT), number of instrumented segments (N), and disc heights may increase the accuracy of predicted height gain. According to our findings simple expression for height gain by simplified version of the formula is:SPΔH=0.0059X1θ1 + 2.3(1−(θ2/θ1))N, whereθ1is preoperative Cobb angle,X1is preoperative AVT,θ2is postoperative Cobb angle, andNis the number of instrumented vertebra. The purpose of this study is to analyze a new mathematical formula to predict height gain after scoliotic deformity correction.

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Langlais, Tristan, Stephane Verdun, Roxane Compagnon, Catalin Ursu, Claudio Vergari, Hugo Barret, and Christian Morin. "Prediction of clinical height gain from surgical posterior correction of idiopathic scoliosis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 4 (October 2020): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.3.spine191541.

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OBJECTIVEThe best predictors of height gain due to surgical correction are the number of fused vertebrae and the degrees of the corrected Cobb angle. Existing studies of predictive models measured the radiographic spinal height and did not report the clinical height gain. The aims of this study were to determine the best predictive factors of clinical height gain before surgical correction, construct a predictive model using patient population data for machine learning, and test the performance of this model on a validation population.METHODSThe authors reviewed 145 medical records of consecutive patients who underwent surgery that included placement of posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis between 2012 and 2016. Standing and sitting clinical heights were measured before and after surgery in patients who had been surgically treated under similar conditions. Multivariate analysis was then performed and the results were used to develop a predictive model for height gain after surgery. The data from the included patients were randomly assigned to a learning set or a test set.RESULTSIn total, 116 patients were included in the analysis, for whom the average postoperative clinical height gain in a standing position was 4.2 ± 1.8 cm (range 0–11 cm). The best prediction model was calculated as follows: standing clinical height gain (cm) = 1 − 0.023 × sitting clinical height (cm) − 0.19 × Risser stage + 0.058 × Cobb preoperative angle (°) + 0.021 × T5–12 kyphosis (°) + 0.14 × number of levels fused. In the validation cohort, 91% of the predicted values had an error of less than one-half of the actual height gain.CONCLUSIONSThis predictive model formula for calculating the potential postoperative height gain after surgical treatment can be used preoperatively to inform idiopathic scoliosis patients of what outcomes they may expect from posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion (taking into account the model’s uncertainty).

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Spencer, Richard P. "Pubertal height gain: male–female and interpopulation comparisons." Medical Hypotheses 59, no. 6 (November 2002): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00326-2.

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Ong, J. T., S. V. B. Rao, Y. Hong, and G. Shanmugam. "Height Gain Measurements for DTV Reception in Singapore." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 50, no. 4 (December 2004): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2004.837872.

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Reusz, G. S., P. F. Hoyer, M. Lucas, H. P. Krohn, J. H. Ehrich, and J. Brodehl. "X linked hypophosphataemia: treatment, height gain, and nephrocalcinosis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.65.10.1125.

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BOWER, R. C., and F. C. YEH. "HERITABILITY AND GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR SIX-YEAR HEIGHT OF COASTAL WESTERN WHITE PINE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-148.

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Height growth for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) after five growing seasons (6 yr from seed) in the forest on Vancouver Island was assessed in a progeny test of 20 wind-pollinated families in two plantations: Northwest Bay (830 m) and Cassidy (20 m). Mean height differed at the 0.1% level of significance between plantations, with the better growth at Cassidy. Family mean heights differed at the 10, 1 and 5% levels of significance at Cassidy, Northwest Bay, and combined over plantations, respectively. Family-by-plantation interaction was nonsignificant. Pooled over plantations, the heritability estimates appropriate for mass and family selection were 0.36 ± 0.20 and 0.54 ± 0.28, respectively. The expected genetic gain estimates from multistage selection are used to provide preliminary guidelines for strategies which might be employed in the improvement of height growth of western white pine in coastal British Columbia.Key words: Western white pine, height, heritability, genetic gains

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Wright, I. A., J. R. Jones, D. A. Davies, G. R. Davidson, and J. E. Vale. "The effect of sward surface height on the response to mixed grazing by cattle and sheep." Animal Science 82, no. 2 (April 2006): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200517.

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AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of mixed grazing of sheep plus cattle under continuous stocking of permanent pasture at different sward heights. The experiment had a 2×3 factorial design, with two sward surface heights (4–5 and 8–10 cm) and three combinations of animal species viz., sheep only, cattle only and sheep plus cattle. There were two replicate plots of each treatment combination and the experiment was conducted over 2 years consecutively. The sheep were Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their single Suffolk-cross lambs while the cattle were yearling Charolais-cross steers. Six ‘core’ steers and six ‘core’ ewes and their lambs grazed plots, as appropriately, while additional, non-experimental steers and ewes and their lambs were used to maintain sward heights. Each year the steers and the ewes grazed the pastures from May to October, while lambs were weaned and removed each year from the experiment in July. There was no significant effect of mixed grazing on live-weight gain of steers, but ewes had significantly higher live-weight gains on the sheep plus cattle treatment than on the sheep-only treatment (82 v. 61 g/day;P<0·001). The live-weight gain of the lambs was higher on the mixed grazing treatment than on the sheep only treatment on the 8–10 cm sward height treatment (243 v. 212 g/day;P<0·05) but there was no significant difference on the 4–5 cm sward height treatment (260 v. 250 g/day;P>0·05). The total output of live-weight gain per ha from steers, ewes and lambs was not significantly affected by animal species combination. It is concluded that while output per ha is not enhanced by mixed grazing by sheep and cattle when sward height is controlled, the live-weight gain of ewes is increased and the live-weight gain of lambs can be increased on taller swards.

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McInnis, Bryce, and Kathleen Tosh. "Genetic gains from 20 years of cooperative tree improvement in New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80127-1.

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The New Brunswick Tree Improvement Council analyzed 20-year data from plantations of unimproved and first generation improved black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). STAMAN, a computer model, conservatively projected an 11% merchantable volume gain at 40 years based on 20-year measurements of 36 000 trees. At age 20 years, first generation black spruce was 12% taller and 25–30% greater in total volume. Projections from over 160 000 individual measurements of height from age five to 20 years indicate that by 40 years, gains of 7–8% in height and 18–20% in total volume are likely. Ten year assessments from over 10 000 measurements of second generation black spruce indicate a 30% height gain over first generation material of the same age. For jack pine first generation material, the projections indicated a height gain of 14% and a total volume gain of over 30% at 40 years. Faster growth can provide greater volume at rotation age, a shorter rotation interval, or earlier interventions for commercial thinning. Key words: genetic gain, tree improvement, black spruce, jack pine

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He, Qing, and Johan Karlberg. "BMI in Childhood and Its Association with Height Gain, Timing of Puberty, and Final Height." Pediatric Research 49, no. 2 (February 2001): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200102000-00019.

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Bisognin, Dilson Antônio, Kelen Haygert Lencina, Suelen Carpenedo Aimi, Maristela Machado Araújo, and Cláudia Burin. "Progeny selection of "Myrocarpus frondosus" for improved growth vigor of seedlings." Ciência e Natura 42 (September 3, 2020): e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40872.

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In this study, we aimed to evaluate half-sibling progenies of Myrocarpus frondosus based on morphological characteristics and to select seedlings with high growth vigor and quality. Seedlings were evaluated for shoot height and diameter, shoot height/diameter ratio, and number of leaves. The shoot height showed the highest estimations of linear correlation with the other characteristics. The linear correlation of shoot height between two consecutive evaluations was high from 60 days of cultivation, indicating that selection should be applied after this period. Selection of 101 seedlings within the best progenies resulted in a genetic gain of 15.13% for shoot height. The greatest indirect gain from selection was for the shoot height/diameter ratio, whereas the lowest indirect gain was for the stem diameter. Myrocarpus frondosus progenies can be selected for shoot height at 60 days of nursery cultivation, resulting in high direct gain for growth and indirect gain for stem height/diameter ratio.

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Li, Bailian, Claire G. Williams, W. C. Carlson, Constance A. Harrington, and C. C. Lambeth. "Gain efficiency in short-term testing: experimental results." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-038.

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Height growth of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) was measured in trees subjected to one of five irrigation and fertilization regimes in a closely spaced genetic test for 3 years. Shoot components of 3rd-year annual height increment were measured over two contrasting treatments. Juvenile height and number of stem units in summer growth length in the fully irrigated and fertilized short-term test regime exhibited (i) the highest juvenile-mature correlations (family mean correlation = 0.41–0.68), (ii) high individual-tree heritabilities (0.38–0.44), which were two- to three-fold higher than older tree values in a conventional genetic test of the same families, (iii) high genetic stability across two extreme short-term test treatments (genetic correlation = 0.61–0.80), and (iv) an efficiency in genetic gain per generation of 81–87% relative to selection on height at age 8 years.

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Ahn, Jung Min, Jung Hwan Suh, Ah Reum Kwon, Hyun Wook Chae, and Ho-Seong Kim. "Final Adult Height after Growth Hormone Treatment in Patients with Turner Syndrome." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 91, no. 6 (2019): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500780.

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Aims: This study aimed to evaluate final adult height (AH) after recombinant human growth hormone (GH) treatment of girls with Turner syndrome (TS) and to elucidate the predicting factors for their growth response. Methods: We enrolled 73 patients with TS who underwent GH treatment and reached AH and 14 patients who did not undergo treatment. To assess the effectiveness of GH therapy, we evaluated final AH, height gain over the predicted AH, and height gain over the projected AH. In addition, to analyze the factors affecting final AH, we studied correlations between final AH (or height SDS, height gain) and treatment variables. Results: GH therapy was started at a mean age of 8.87 ± 3.73 years, and the treatment duration was 6.47 ± 3.02 years. The patients in the treated group reached a final AH of 152.03 ± 4.66 cm (final AH SDS for the general population: –1.93 ± 1.03) with a gain over projected AH at the start of treatment of 12.21 ± 4.33 cm. The untreated control subjects had a final AH of 143.57 ± 4.06 cm with a gain over projected AH at the first visit of 3.89 ± 3.80 cm. Final AH and AH SDS were positively correlated to height SDS at the start of treatment. Thirty-five patients out of the 73 GH-treated patients (47.9%) attained to a normal range of height for Korean girls. The patients having attained to a normal height range after GH treatment had shown a higher height SDS at the start of GH treatment, a higher mid-parental height SDS, and a younger age at initiation of estrogen. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that GH treatment at an early age is effective in improving the final height SDS and height SDS gain in TS patients. Therefore, GH administration at an early age is important for final height gain.

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Хакимов, Ismagil Khakimov, Живалбаева, and Almagul Zhivalbaeva. "THE EFFECT OF THE HEIGHT AT THE RUMP ON A LIVE WEIGHT AND AVERAGE DAILY GAINS." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20339.

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The purpose of the study – improvement of breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle by insemination bulls form the canadian selection. It is established that in young Hereford beef cattle between live weight and height at the sacrum and between the height at the sacrum and average daily gains there are mainly medium and high positive correlation (from 0.35 to 0.73) . Regression analysis has shown that the change in height in the sacrum on 1 cm, causes the increase of live weight of animals from 1.55 kg in animals of different lines and produktivity gain of calves from 7.67 g to amounted to 23.87g. The highest coefficient of the time average correlation coefficient of between the height at sacrum and live weight setlen in the group of heifers, obtained a bull from the absolute 49S, and the highest co-factor regression between these two traits in heifers obtained from a bull of a Wide Load 391W. The same trend holds when comparing groups correlation coefficient and regression between the height at the sacrum and average daily gain. It is noted that calves of all groups are well adapted to local conditions, and have high gain.

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Spencer, Hillard T., Meryl E. Gold, Lawrence I. Karlin, Daniel J. Hedequist, and M. Timothy Hresko. "Gain in Spinal Height from Surgical Correction of Idiopathic Scoliosis." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 96, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.l.01333.

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Mohan, Mahendra, P. K. Banerjee, P. K. Pasricha, and B. M. Reddy. "Estimation of Antenna Gain Degradation Using Height Profiles of CN2." IETE Journal of Research 31, no. 3 (May 1985): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1985.11436500.

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Opila, Karen A., Stephen S. Wagner, and John Chen. "Postural variation due to heel height and simulated weight-gain." Journal of Biomechanics 20, no. 9 (January 1987): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90214-4.

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Slooten, K. "The information gain from peak height data in DNA mixtures." Forensic Science International: Genetics 36 (September 2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.06.009.

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Kishimoto, Shunji. "Pulse-height measurements with a cooled avalanche-photodiode detector." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049598000041.

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A cooled avalanche-photodiode (APD) detector has been developed for X-ray diffraction experiments. Although an APD is normally used at room temperature and a high internal gain, the energy resolution can be improved by decreasing temperature and gain. The APD device was cooled to 253 K by a thermoelectric cooler. When the gain was M = 13, the energy resolution was 5% (FWHM) at 16.53 keV with a charge-sensitive preamplifier. By scanning the discriminator threshold level of a fast-counting system, energy spectra were obtained at M ≃ 50 and count rates of up to 4.7 × 107 s−1.

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Zhong, Xiao Chun, Shu Juan Wang, and Yi Qun Wu. "Study of the Conjugate Height for Solar Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.290.

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In a solar MCAO system, the formula of isoplanatic angle gain multiples was derived and the best conjugate height of Hefei region was thoughtfully discussed. The results show that the isoplanatic angle gain varies with the conjugate height and the seasons. The isoplanatic angle gain of the three conjugated system is much superior than that of the double conjugated system.

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WRONKA, IWONA. "BODY HEIGHT AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF FEMALES AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 4 (September 19, 2012): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000600.

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SummaryAdult height reflects long-term nutritional status and exposure to infectious diseases, both of which are influenced by socioeconomic factors. Very little research has been done on these inequalities from a longitudinal perspective. This paper explores the links between body height at different life stages and socioeconomic characteristics. Data were obtained from 1008 Polish schoolgirls aged 16–18 years for whom earlier data on height were available. The height of each subject was measured. Socioeconomic status and age at menarche were assessed based on information received from the surveyed girls. Girls' heights in early life were ascertained from medical records. All girls were measured by trained school nurses at 7, 9 and 14 years of age. Socioeconomic status was found to be related to body height, but not to the rate of height gain during childhood and adolescence. Girls of a higher socioeconomic status were taller than girls of a lower socioeconomic status. On dividing the research material into homogeneous groups by maturity status, the same relationship was observed. No significant relationships were found between socioeconomic status and rate of height gain between ages 7 and 16, 17, 18 years. The findings suggest that socioeconomic variation in height is the result of living conditions during the first years of life.

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Thomas, M., D. Beckers, C. Brachet, H. Dotremont, M. C. Lebrethon, P. Lysy, G. Massa, et al. "Adult Height after Growth Hormone Treatment at Pubertal Onset in Short Adolescents Born Small for Gestational Age: Results from a Belgian Registry-Based Study." International Journal of Endocrinology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6421243.

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Objectives. Information on the efficacy of GH treatment in short SGA children starting their treatment in adolescence is limited. Therefore, adult height (AH), total height gain, and pubertal height gain were evaluated in short SGA children who started GH treatment at pubertal onset. Patient and Methods. Growth data of 47 short SGA adolescents (22 boys) who started GH treatment at pubertal onset (PUB group) were compared with results from 27 short SGA patients (11 boys) who started GH therapy at least 1 year before pubertal onset (PrePUB group). Results. The PUB group achieved a mean (±SD) total height gain of 0.8 ± 0.7 SDS and an AH of −2.5 ± 0.7 SDS after 4.1 ± 1.1 years of GH treatment with a dosage of 41.8 ± 8.4 μg/kg/day. These results were comparable with those in the PrePUB group, which was treated for a longer duration (5.8 ± 2.1 years), resulting in a total height gain of 1.1 ± 0.7 SDS and an AH of −2.1 ± 1.0 SDS. Multiple regression analysis showed a significantly lower height gain in pubertal patients, females, and patients weighing less at start of GH treatment. An AH above −2 SDS and above the parent-specific lower limit of height was, respectively, reached in 28% and 70% of PUB and 44% and 67% of PrePUB patients (NS). AH SDS was positively correlated with the height SDS at start of GH. Conclusions. Short SGA adolescents starting GH therapy at an early pubertal stage have a modest and variable height gain. A normal AH can be expected in one third of the patients, especially in those with a smaller height deficit at onset of GH treatment.

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Stoehr, Michael, K. Bird, G. Nigh, J. Woods, and A. Yanchuk. "Realized Genetic Gains in Coastal Douglas-fir in British Columbia: Implications for Growth and Yield Projections." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2010): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0027.

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AbstractRealized genetic gain trials for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at five different sites with four different spacings were assessed at age 12 to compare early gain predictions in growth from small plot progeny test designs to those obtained from large block designs. Seedlings from three genetic levels, i.e., local wild-stand controls (WS), a mid-gain seedlot (MG), and a top-cross seedlot (TC) were planted in 12 × 12 tree plots with two replications at spacings of 1.6 m, 2.3 m, 2.9 m and 4.0 m. Two replications of a “single-tree plot” design at 2.9 m spacing for the three genetic levels (30 trees per genetic level) were also established, to allow for more detailed comparisons between single-tree and multiple-tree plot means. Although these trials are still relatively young, trees in the closest spacing had the highest levels of mortality with the TC trees having the highest rate of survival. Height gains in the block trials ranged from 10.4% to 16.1% for MG and TC trees, respectively, and were relatively close to the predicted values; however, volume (individual tree and volume/ha) gains exceeded expectations. Effects of genetic entry on height at age 12 were highly significant, while spacing, genetic entry by spacing, and genetic entry by test site interactions were not significant. We also compared height growth over the first 12 years to growth estimated from the “Bruce height growth model” for Douglas-fir and found that on four of the five test sites our MG and TC seedlings follow the expected height growth trajectories.

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Child, Christopher J., Charmian A. Quigley, Gordon B. Cutler, Jr, Wayne V. Moore, Kupper A. Wintergerst, Judith L. Ross, Ron G. Rosenfeld, and Werner F. Blum. "Height Gain and Safety Outcomes in Growth Hormone-Treated Children with Idiopathic Short Stature: Experience from a Prospective Observational Study." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 91, no. 4 (2019): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500087.

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Background/Objectives: Growth hormone (GH) treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS) received US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2003. We assessed height gain and safety in 2,450 children with ISS treated with GH in US clinical practice. Methods: Short-term height gain, near-adult height (NAH), and safety outcomes were investigated using Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study data. Results: Compared to children with isolated idiopathic GH deficiency (IGHD), those with ISS were shorter at baseline but had similar age and GH dose. Mean ± SD height SD score (SDS) increase was similar for ISS and IGHD, with 0.6 ± 0.3 (first), 0.4 ± 0.3 (second), 0.3 ± 0.3 (third), and 0.1 ± 0.3 (fourth year) for ISS. Girls with ISS (27% of subjects) were younger and shorter than boys but had similar height gain over time. At NAH in the ISS group (n = 467), mean ± SD age, GH duration, and height SDS were 17.3 ± 2.3 years, 4.6 ± 2.7 years, and –1.2 ± 0.9, respectively. Height gain from baseline was 1.1 ± 1.0 SDS and was greater for boys than girls (1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 0.9 ± 0.9), but boys were treated longer (5.1 ± 2.8 vs. 3.6 ± 2.5 years). Adverse events were reported for 24% with ISS versus 20% with IGHD – most were common childhood conditions or previously reported in GH-treated patients. Conclusions: GH-treated children with ISS achieved substantial height gain, similar to patients with IGHD. Fewer GH-treated girls were enrolled than boys, but with similar height SDS gain over time. No ISS-specific safety issues were identified. Thus, GH treatment of ISS appears to have a safety/effectiveness profile similar to that of IGHD.

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Fu, Junfen, Jianwei Zhang, Ruimin Chen, Xiaoyu Ma, Chunlin Wang, Linqi Chen, Yan Liang, et al. "Long-Term Outcomes of Treatments for Central Precocious Puberty or Early and Fast Puberty in Chinese Girls." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz027.

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Abstract Context Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) have been widely used to treat idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) or early and fast puberty (EFP). However, large-scale studies to evaluate the treatment effects on final adult height (FAH) are still lacking. Objective To assess the effects of long-term treatment for CPP/EFP on FAH and its main influencing factors. Design and Setting Retrospective, multicenter observational study from 1998 to 2017. Participants Four hundred forty-eight Chinese girls with CPP/EFP received GnRHa and rhGH treatment (n = 118), GnRHa alone (n = 276), or no treatment (n = 54). Main Outcome Measures FAH, target height (Tht), and predictive adult height (PAH). Results The height gain (FAH–PAH) was significantly different among the GnRHa and rhGH treatment, GnRHa alone, and no treatment groups (P < 0.05; 9.51 ± 0.53, 8.07 ± 0.37, and 6.44 ± 0.91 cm, respectively). The genetic height gain (FAH–Tht) was 4.0 ± 0.5 cm for the GnRHa + rhGH group and 2.0 ± 0.27 cm for the GnRHa group, while the control group reached their Tht. In addition, 5 critical parameters derived from PAH, bone age, and Tht, showed excellent performance in predicting which patients could gain ≥5 cm (FAH–PAH), and this was further validated using an independent study. Conclusions The overall beneficial effect of GnRHa + rhGH or GnRHa on FAH was significant. The control group also reached their genetic target height. Clinicians are recommended to consider both the potential gains in height and the cost of medication.

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Koscheck, J. F. W., E. P. Romanzini, R. P. Barbero, L. M. Delevatti, A. C. Ferrari, J. T. Mulliniks, C. J. Mousquer, T. T. Berchielli, and R. A. Reis. "How do animal performance and methane emissions vary with forage management intensification and supplementation?" Animal Production Science 60, no. 9 (2020): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18712.

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Context Yields from Brazilian beef-production systems do not always match the expected potential of a forage-based beef-production system. This efficiency is dependent on adjustments of grazing intensity and supplement utilisation to achieve higher bodyweight gain and lower methane emission. Therefore, more studies are necessary to evaluate the association between pasture management and supplement doses. Aims The aim of the present study was to determine nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, animal performance, carcass characteristics and enteric methane emissions of young Nellore bulls grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures. Methods One hundred and forty-eight yearling bulls (230 ± 17 kg) were randomly assigned to a grazing-by-supplementation strategy that was designed to allocate three different sward heights with differing levels of supplementation during the wet season. Treatment combinations were (1) low sward height with high supplementation (LH-HS, 15-cm sward height and supplementation at 0.6% of bodyweight (BW)); (2) low height with moderate supplementation (LH-MS, 15 cm and 0.3% BW); (3) moderate height with moderate supplementation (MH-MS, 25 cm and 0.3% BW); (4) moderate height with low supplementation (MH-LS, 25 cm and 0.1% BW); (5) high height with low supplementation (HH-LS, 35 cm and 0.1% BW); and (6) high height with no supplementation (HH-WS, 35 cm). Key results Bulls in the HH groups had a greater herbage intake than did those in the LH groups (P < 0.01). Bulls in the LH-HS treatment resulted in a greater (P < 0.01) carcass average daily gain than that obtained with LH-MS, MH-LS or HH-WS treatment. Higher stocking rate with the LH treatment resulted in greater gains per hectare in terms of both BW and carcass (P < 0.01). Carcass yield was greater for bulls maintained with the LH-HS treatment (54.3% BW). Higher enteric methane emissions were observed from bulls under the HH treatments (P < 0.01). Conclusions Comparing carcass gains per hectare and low methane emissions, the present study indicated that pasture management towards a low sward height combined with 0.3% or 0.6% BW supplementation can result in a greater nutrient utilisation efficiency of bulls. Implications Results provided information to obtain better gains per animals and area, also decreasing methane emission of beef cattle production system.

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KOÇDOR, Pelin, Elif ELHAKAN, Evrim ŞENKAL, and Arzu TATLIPINAR. "Early Postoperative Weight and Height Gain After Adenoidectomy and Parental Satisfaction." Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi 27, no. 2 (2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24179/kbbbbc.2019-65218.

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Okada, Tomoo. "Effect of cow milk consumption on longitudinal height gain in children." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1088–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.4.1088a.

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Holmgren, Anton, Aimon Niklasson, Andreas F. M. Nierop, Lars Gelander, A. Stefan Aronson, Agneta Sjöberg, Lauren Lissner, and Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland. "Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood." Pediatric Research 81, no. 3 (November 18, 2016): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2016.253.

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Smorgick, Yossi, Eran Tamir, Yigal Mirovsky, Oded Rabau, Dror Lindner, and Yoram Anekstein. "Height Gain Prediction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Based on Preoperative Parameters." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 41, no. 8 (July 19, 2021): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000001905.

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Wang, Cheng-Zhi, Ling-Ling Guo, Bai-Yu Han, An-Ping Wang, Hong-Yan Liu, Xing Su, Qing-Hua Guo, and Yi-Ming Mu. "Growth Hormone Therapy Benefits Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome Patients with Short Stature: A Retrospective Study of 75 Han Chinese." International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1896285.

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Objective. We aim to investigate the long-term benefits of growth hormone (GH) therapy in short stature adolescents and adults with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), which would be beneficial for future clinical applications.Design and Methods. In this study, initial height, final height, total height gain, and GH treatment history were retrospectively investigated in 75 Chinese PSIS patients. We compared height gain between the GH treated cohort and untreated cohort and explored the impact of different GH therapy duration on height gain.Results. For GH treated patients, their final height (SDS) increased from-1.99±1.91(−6.93~2.80) at bone age (BA) of 11.2 (5.0~17.0) years to-1.47±1.64(−7.82~1.05) at BA of 16.6 (8.0~18.0) years (P=0.016). And GH treated patients had more height gain than the untreated patients (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the different GH therapy duration groups (P=0.001): GH 0 versus GH 3,P=0.000; GH 1 versus GH 3,P=0.028; GH 2 versus GH 3,P=0.044.Conclusion. Adult Chinese PSIS patients with short stature benefited the most from at least 12 months of GH therapy. Although patient diagnosis age was lagged behind in the developing countries, GH treatment was still effective for them and resulted in a higher final height and more height gain.

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Rohadi, Erfan, Amalia Amalia, Indrazno Siradjuddin, Awan Setiawan, Ferdian Ronilaya, Rosa Andrie Asmara, Chairul Saleh, Mochammad Firdaus Ali, Adzikirani Adzikirani, and . "Design and Analysis of The IFA Bandwidth Enhancement for 639 MHz UHF Channel." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.44 (December 1, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.44.26864.

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Bandwidth characteristic enhancement of the antenna is engaging and challenging problems for antenna engineers. The design of the 639 MHz frequency of the low-profile inverted F antenna (IFA) on a finite conducting plane proposed and its characteristics are analyzed numerically. The IFA is typically a narrowband antenna, due to the bandwidth enhancement the antenna parameters are considered. When the size of the conducting plane is 115 mm by 230 mm, the return loss bandwidth (-10 dB) becomes 2.4 % and the gain becomes 6.58 dB. The results found that when the height of the antenna reduced the return loss bandwidth becomes narrower. However, the return loss bandwidth can be improved by extending the length of the short stub. The gains of IFA are more than 6.5 dB in all the calculation conditions. This means that the gain characteristics are not significantly affected by variations in short stub length, the antenna heights and the size of conducting plane. The results show that by extending the height of the antenna and enlarge the size of the conducting plane improved the bandwidth enhancement of the IFA. The proposed inverted F antenna is promising for the UHF channel receiver.

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Diebel, Kenneth E., Wayne A. Geyer, and Keith D. Lynch. "Heritability and Expected Gain Estimates for Traits of Scotch Pine Christmas Tree Seed Sources." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/7.3.82.

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Abstract Forty-five full-sib families of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from an incomplete factorial mating design were planted in northeastern Kansas in 1981. The trees were evaluated in 1986 for survival, height growth, crown width, taper (crown width/height), number of stems per tree, the presence or absence of stem crooks, and the number of full faces. Needle length and needle color were measured at a consistent location on each tree in December 1987. Individual tree heritabilities were high; 49.68% for taper, 61.64% for crown width, 66.83% for height, and 71.46% for needle length. Estimated genetic gains showed that rapid improvements through selection are possible for these four traits. Combined selection consistently had the highest percentage gain and is the recommended selection procedure. Genetic correlation indicated that taper is negatively correlated with height (-0.651). Therefore, because of the commercial importance of form, selection for rapid height growth should not be the emphasis in future breeding efforts. West. J. Appl. For. 7(3):82-86.

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Kirchengast, Sylvia, and Beda Hartmann. "Determinants of gestational weight gain with special respect to maternal stature height and its consequences for newborn vital parameters." Anthropological Review 76, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0014.

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Abstract An appropriate gestational weight gain is an essential factor of female reproductive success because gestational weight gain influences newborn size but also maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to analyze the impact of maternal somatic factors, first of all maternal stature height, on gestational weight gain. Additionally the effect of gestational weight gain and other maternal somatic factors on newborn size was tested. In the present study the data of 12,661 term birth which have taken place in Vienna, Austria were analyzed. Maternal and newborn somatometric features such as prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, birth weight, birth length and head circumference were included. Nearly 65% of the women gained appropriate weight during pregnancy. About 20% showed an excessive, less than 15% an inappropriate gestational weight gain. Gestational weight gain was influenced significantly by prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, maternal age, but also nicotine consumption during pregnancy. A significant association between gestational weight gain and newborn somatometrics could be stated. It could be shown that gestational weight gain is influenced by several maternal somatic but also behavioral factors. Newborn size is associated with gestational weight gain.

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Perng, Wei, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Michael S. Kramer, Line K. Haugaard, Emily Oken, Matthew W. Gillman, and Mandy B. Belfort. "Early Weight Gain, Linear Growth, and Mid-Childhood Blood Pressure." Hypertension 67, no. 2 (February 2016): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06635.

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In recent years, the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension increased markedly among children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of identifying determinants of elevated blood pressure early in life. Low birth weight and rapid early childhood weight gain are associated with higher future blood pressure. However, few studies have examined the timing of postnatal weight gain in relation to later blood pressure, and little is known regarding the contribution of linear growth. We studied 957 participants in Project Viva, an ongoing US prebirth cohort. We examined the relations of gains in body mass index z-score and length/height z-score during 4 early life age intervals (birth to 6 months, 6 months to 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and 2 to 3 years) with blood pressure during mid-childhood (6–10 years) and evaluated whether these relations differed by birth size. After accounting for confounders, each additional z-score gain in body mass index during birth to 6 months and 2 to 3 years was associated with 0.81 (0.15, 1.46) and 1.61 (0.33, 2.89) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure, respectively. Length/height gain was unrelated to mid-childhood blood pressure, and there was no evidence of effect modification by birth size for body mass index or length/height z-score gain. Our findings suggest that more rapid gain in body mass index during the first 6 postnatal months and in the preschool years may lead to higher systolic blood pressure in mid-childhood, regardless of size at birth. Strategies to reduce accrual of excess adiposity during early life may reduce mid-childhood blood pressure, which may also impact adult blood pressure and cardiovascular health.

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Bogdan, S., I. Katičić-Trupčević, and D. Kajba. "Genetic Variation in Growth Traits in a Quercus robur L. Open-Pollinated Progeny Test of the Slavonian Provenance." Silvae Genetica 53, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2004): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2004-0036.

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Abstract The study presents evaluation of an open-pollinated progeny test of 21 selected plus trees from Slavonian pedunculate oak provenance in Croatia (in the central part of Drava river valley). The test was established in 1992 with two-year-old seedlings. Heights were measured at 5 to 13 years and diameters at breast height (DBH) at 10 to 13 years after sowing. Variances caused by the population within provenance effect were not significant during the studied period. In contrast, variance components caused by family effect were statistically significant, and ranged from 11.1 to 18.6% and from 2.2 to 10.6% for height and DBH respectively. Statistically significant variances caused by the family effect indicate that most of genetic variation of productive traits was within the studied populations. The estimated family mean narrow sense heritabilities varied from 0.62 to 0.78 and from 0.28 to 0.65, while individual heritabilities ranged from 0.48 to 0.80 and from 0.09 to 0.46 for height and DBH, respectively. Realised gain from the test and expected genetic gains by two possible methods of selection for the measured traits have been calculated for: i.) realised gain i.e. superiority of selected plus trees progenies over control plants (bulks from unselected trees within the provenance) ii.) individual within provenance mass selection of first generation plus trees at the same ages as those represented in studied trial and iii.) backward selection among first generation plus trees after open-pollinated testing. Estimated genetic gains indicate that the highest gain could be expected by backward selection among first generation plus trees after open-pollinated progeny testing (9.7 to 22.3% and 6.8 to 17.3% over control means). These results indicate that due to significant within population variation and high additive variances, improvement for productive traits in the studied oak populations could be achieved by use of seeds and plants from selected plus trees (especially from already established clonal seed orchard), at least in younger ages.

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Aspinall, Michael D., and Ashley R. Jones. "Modeling Photo-multiplier Gain and Regenerating Pulse Height Data for Application Development." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007001.

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Systems that adopt organic scintillation detector arrays often require a calibration process prior to the intended measurement campaign to correct for significant performance variances between detectors within the array. These differences exist because of low tolerances associated with photo-multiplier tube technology and environmental influences. Differences in detector response can be corrected for by adjusting the supplied photo-multiplier tube voltage to control its gain and the effect that this has on the pulse height spectra from a gamma-only calibration source with a defined photo-peak. Automated methods that analyze these spectra and adjust the photo-multiplier tube bias accordingly are emerging for hardware that integrate acquisition electronics and high voltage control. However, development of such algorithms require access to the hardware, multiple detectors and calibration source for prolonged periods, all with associated constraints and risks. In this work, we report on a software function and related models developed to rescale and regenerate pulse height data acquired from a single scintillation detector. Such a function could be used to generate significant and varied pulse height data that can be used to integration-test algorithms that are capable of automatically response matching multiple detectors using pulse height spectra analysis. Furthermore, a function of this sort removes the dependence on multiple detectors, digital analyzers and calibration source. Results show a good match between the real and regenerated pulse height data. The function has also been used successfully to develop auto-calibration algorithms.

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Carlos, Jorge S. "Window assessment at different level height on a Portuguese typical street canyon." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.0218.

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This paper presents the results of a study investigating the ventilation mode, the solar heat gain and daylight performance via vertical fenestration on a street canyon. In recent years there has been a growing awareness in energy-efficient building design and operation of the building stock. Dynamic envelope/window systems have potential to optimize the performance of the building, between airing, solar heat gain and daylight admission. However, higher thermal resistance glazing implies a reduction of solar transmittance. A typical street canyon in Portugal was used for the present study. Three different room ratios and two types of windows at two different floors were used for comparison. Different simulation tools were used during this study. To be comparable with other studies several ratios were present, as the window/wall, the glazing/wall ratios, the window/floor and the glazing/floor ratios as well as the window opening area. This paper presents the obtained airflow and solar gains on both heating and cooling season in addition to the level of daylight factor. It was found that specific adaptive actions to improve indoor environmental quality and reduce the need of energy consumption are needed.

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Omori, Yuki, Yasushi Nakajima, Hideki Imai, Daichi Yonezawa, Mauro Ferri, Karol Alí Apaza Alccayhuaman, and Daniele Botticelli. "Influence of Anatomical Parameters on the Dimensions of the Subantral Space and Sinus Mucosa Thickening after Sinus Floor Elevation. A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9070076.

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Background: Various anatomical parameters might influence the surgical approach for maxillary sinus floor elevation. The objective of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the influence of anatomical parameters on the dimensions of the subantral space and of the sinus mucosa thickening after sinus floor elevation. Material and Methods: Seventy-eight maxillary sinuses in sixty-five patients were evaluated on cone beam computed tomographies taken before surgery and after one week (t1w) and nine months (t9m). Several parameters such as the distance XF between an axis parallel to the base of the nose (X-axes) and the sinus floor (F) were correlated with the height gain (IF) at t1w and t9m and the post-surgical edema. Results: A weak significant positive correlation was observed between height gain vs. sinus height of interest (XF), the balcony, and the sinus floor angle. The post-surgical edema was influenced by the initial mucosa thickness and the xenograft used. Conclusions: Various parameters might affect height gain and sinus mucosa thickening after sinus floor elevation. The height of interest, the balcony, and the sinus floor angle showed significant correlations with height gain. The initial thickness of the mucosa and the biomaterial used influenced the post-surgical edema.

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HAND, R. K., S. R. GOULD, J. A. BASARAB, and D. F. ENOSTROM. "CONDITION SCORE, BODY WEIGHT AND HIP HEIGHT AS PREDICTORS OF GAIN IN VARIOUS BREED CROSSES OF YEARLING STEERS ON PASTURE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-093.

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Condition score, initial body weight and weight to hip height ratio were each negatively related to yearling steer gain on pasture but these relationships were too small to be of practical predictive value. Gain in the early part of the pasture season was a better predictor. A significant relationship (r = 0.71–0.86, P < 0.001) was noted between condition score and weight to hip height ratio. Key words: Yearling steers, condition score, hip height, pasture

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Mullin, T. J., E. K. Morgenstern, Y. S. Park, and D. P. Fowler. "Genetic parameters from a clonally replicated test of black spruce (Piceamariana)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-004.

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A clonally replicated field test of full-sib black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) progeny was established at four locations in Nova Scotia. Estimated variance components for 5-year height growth and survival were interpreted according to an additive–dominance–epistasis genetic model and used to derive estimates of gain from various selection and deployment strategies. Five years after striking, 64% of the total genetic variance for height growth was due to additive variance. Virtually all of the remaining nonadditive variance was composed of epistatic variances; dominance variance was negligible. Narrow-sense heritability for 5-year height growth was low at 0.059. Substantial nonadditive variance contributed to a somewhat higher estimate of broad-sense heritability at 0.093. Family-mean heritabilities were much higher: 0.823 and 0.697 for half-sib and full-sib family means, respectively. Comparable heritabilities for survival were estimated with high standard errors and were considered unreliable. Results from this study indicate that clonal selection may provide large increases in genetic gain by capturing (i) genetic variance due to epistasis and (ii) a greater portion of the additive variance. Genetic gains for 5-year height growth in the order of 22.6% might be achieved using the best 1% of tested clones for operational planting. Clonal propagation may also be a preferred method to capture substantial genetic gain (about 11%) from selection at the family level, resulting in simplified management of breeding populations while reducing costs associated with conventional soil-based orchards.

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Godoy, Thais Galhardo, and Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado. "Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake." CERNE 17, no. 2 (June 2011): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602011000200005.

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The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

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Weng, Y. H., K. J. Tosh, and M. S. Fullarton. "Effects of height-growth selection on wood density in black spruce in New Brunswick, Canada." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc87116-1.

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Height growth was the main selection criterion for the early-stage black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) breeding programmein New Brunswick, which has produced significant increases in volume growth. In this study we investigate howthe height-growth selection influences growth traits and wood density. Two genetic tests, a realized gain test of large plotsand a progeny test of small plots, were used for this purpose. Wood density was measured using the Resistograph methodon the standing trees. Growth and wood density of the improved seedlots were compared with those of an unimprovedstand checklot. In the progeny test, height-growth selection not only made the improved seedlots taller but also produceda proportional increase in DBH growth relative to the checklot. In the realized gain test, height-growth selection didincrease height, but did not produce a corresponding increase in DBH growth. Effects of height-growth selection on wooddensity varied with tests: the improved seedlot produced a greater although statistically non-significant decline in wooddensity in the progeny test; this reduction was at a much lesser extent or even non-existent in the realized gain test. Overall,results suggest that the improved growth from early stage improvement activities might not substantially and negativelyaffect wood density in plantation forestry and the predicted reduction in wood density in genetic tests of small plotsmight be inflated. Key words: Resistograph, realized gain test, progeny test, tree improvement

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Petrinovic, Juan Fernando, Nancy Gélinas, and Jean Beaulieu. "Rentabilité des plantations d’épinette blanche améliorée génétiquement au Québec : le point vue du propriétaire." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85558-4.

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One of the main issues facing the forest sector at present relates to striking a balance between the increasing demand for wood fibre and the need to maintain the sustainability of forest ecosystems. New approaches are needed to ensure more effective management of ecosystems and to implement intensive silviculture where possible to increase timber yields. To achieve this shift, we need to determine the economic potential of the various options available, including the use of biotechnology. This study was undertaken to estimate the benefits produced by genetically improved white spruce plantations, to determine the optimal economic rotation age for such plantations, and to evaluate the effect of certain factors such as the quality of reforestation sites, potential genetic gains from the use of biotechnology, and silvicultural regimes. Genetic gains are estimated in relation to 3 production approaches: 1) planting of seedlings obtained from seed orchards (10% height gain), 2) planting of multifamily varieties using cuttings from superior families obtained from controlled crosses (15% height gain) and 3) planting of multiclonal varieties produced through somatic embryogenesis and selected from seed orchards using genetic markers (20% height gain). The latter approach is still under development but is considered realistic. The present value of benefits (PVB) and the equivalent annual cash flow (EACF) criteria were used to estimate the benefits resulting from these genetically improved plantations and to determine the optimal economic rotation age. The analyses showed that the forest site quality has the greatest influence, followed by the factors representing productivity gains associated with genetic gain, and the silvicultural regime. Genetically improved stock can generate increases in PVB of up to 73% depending on the approach used to exploit the potential genetic gains. The results suggest that, to maximize profitability, improved stock should be used on the most productive sites and the plantations should be intensively managed. Key words: economic benefits, white spruce, genetic improvement, intensive silviculture, multiclonal varieties, optimal economic rotation age

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Petrinovic, Juan Fernando, Nancy Gélinas, and Jean Beaulieu. "Benefits of using genetically improved white spruce in Quebec: The forest landowner’s viewpoint." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85571-4.

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One of the main issues facing the forest sector at present relates to striking a balance between the increasing demand for wood fibre and the need to maintain the sustainability of forest ecosystems. New approaches are needed to ensure more effective management of ecosystems and to implement intensive silviculture where possible to increase timber yields. To achieve this shift, we need to determine the economic potential of the various options available, including the use of biotechnology. This study was undertaken to estimate the benefits produced by genetically improved white spruce plantations, to determine the optimal economic rotation age for such plantations, and to evaluate the effect of certain factors such as the quality of reforestation sites, potential genetic gains from the use of biotechnology, and silvicultural regimes. Genetic gains are estimated in relation to 3 production approaches: 1) planting of seedlings obtained from seed orchards (10% height gain), 2) planting of multifamily varieties using cuttings from superior families obtained from controlled crosses (15% height gain) and 3) planting of multiclonal varieties produced through somatic embryogenesis and selected from seed orchards using genetic markers (20% height gain). The latter approach is still under development but is considered realistic. The present value of benefits (PVB) and the equivalent annual cash flow (EACF) criteria were used to estimate the benefits resulting from these genetically improved plantations and to determine the optimal economic rotation age. The analyses showed that the forest site quality has the greatest influence, followed by the factors representing productivity gains associated with genetic gain, and the silvicultural regime. Genetically improved stock can generate increases in PVB of up to 73% depending on the approach used to exploit the potential genetic gains. The results suggest that, to maximize profitability, improved stock should be used on the most productive sites and the plantations should be intensively managed. Key words: economic benefits, white spruce, genetic improvement, intensive silviculture, multiclonal varieties, optimal economic rotation age

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Ahmed, Y. J. Nazeer, and S. Kaja Mohideen. "Novel PIFA with Minimum Height and Maximum Gain for GSM Receiving Band." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 2016, no. 3 (June 2016): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.092.02.

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Motil, Kathleen J., Matthew Morrissey, Erwin Caeg, Judy O. Barrish, and Daniel G. Glaze. "Gastrostomy Placement Improves Height and Weight Gain in Girls With Rett Syndrome." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 49, no. 2 (August 2009): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0b013e31818f61fd.

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Moell, C., S. Garwicz, U. Westgren, and T. Wiebe. "Weight gain and height velocity during prolonged remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Archives of Disease in Childhood 61, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.61.6.622-a.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gain in height'

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