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Journal articles on the topic 'Gairaigo'
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Putri, Bestia Dwi, and Damai Yani. "Analisis Pemendekan Gairaigo dalam Komik Detective Conan karya Gosho Aoyama chapter 1000-1040." Omiyage : Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang 3, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/omg.v3i2.159.
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Abstract The purpose of this research to determine the shortening process of gairaigo that found in Detective Conan comics by Gosho Aoyama chapter 1000-1040. The type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data used in this research is the absorption vocabulary (gairaigo) that contained in Detective Conan's comics by Gosho Aoyama chapter 1000-1040. The data source taken is shortening of gairaigo in the Detective Conan comic by Gosho Aoyama in chapter 1000-1040. Based on research results from 161 gairaigo data, there were 29 data are gairaigo whose word formation is derived from shortening wich dividen into 7 clipping data consists of 6 back-clipping and 1 fore-clipping, 20 compound truncation consists of 8 morpho-ortographic truncation compound clipping and 4 ellipsis, also 2 data is combination of clipping and ellipsis.Keywords: shortening, gairaigo.
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Pratama, Septian Eka, Herniwati Herniwati, and Renariah Renariah. "ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENULISAN GAIRAIGO PADA MAHASISWA TK.I S.D IV PEMOKUSAN PADA GAIRAIGO BAHASA INGGRIS." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v1i2.3289.
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AbstrakPenelitian yang diberi judul “Analisis Kesalahan Penulisan Gairaigo pada Mahasiswa TK.I s.d TK.IV Pemokusan Pada Gairaigo Bahasa Inggris” bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dalam penulisan katakana yang terjadi pada mahasiswa. Dalam kosakata bahasa jepang ada yang disebut Gairaigo yaitu kata serapan yang digunakan dalam bahasa jepang. Kata serapan dalam bahasa jepang dewasa ini hampir 80 persen menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan menunjukan mahasiwa asih mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis gairaigo dalam huruf katakana. Maka faktor – faktor yang dianggap mempengaruhi mahasiswa dalam penulisan katakana adalah: (1) Tingkat di jurusan , (2) Level JLPT, (3) Apakah kata gairaigo tersebut familiar (4) Apakah ada ciri khas pelafalan, (5) Panjang pendeknya suatu kata. Dari hasil analisis tidak pengaruh antara lamanya belajar dan kemampuan bahasa jepang dengan menulis kata gairaigo. Mahasiswa kesulitan pada kata yang kurang familiar dan terdapat bunyi panjang atau chouon pada kosakata gairaigo. Dengan demikian sering melihat atau menggunakan kosakata itu dan apakah ada kekhasan pelafalan pada sebuah kata gairaigo memiliki pengaruh yang kuat. Kata Kunci :Katakana, Gairaigo, Kesalahan penulisan AbstractThis research “An Analysis on Focusing Katakana English Loanwords Writing Errors of Japanese Student in Indonesia University of Education” has purpose to find many factors in loanword writing error. Gairaigo means loanwords in Japanese language are almost 80 percent from English. Many scholars pointed about Katakana Loanword writing rules. Many facts the Japanese loanwords are difficult for beginner Japanese foreigner learner. To get know why writing katakana words is hard. Ou said that he found that many Chinese native Japanese learners have many difficulties about Japanese Loanwords. The loanwords from American or Europe languages seem hard to recognize by Chinese Japanese learners even French Japanese learners. There are some reasons, but one of them is the differences of pronunciation from the origin words I tried to find one of numerous factors about that. Many factor related on this research such as JLPT, grade in college, characteristic of its loanwords, familiar and non-familiar words etc. One of the factors was found is about the characteristic about the Japanese loanword itself. The other is japanese system long vowel –toned in unfamiliar word by students. Keyword : Effectiveness, Strategy Quick On The Draw, Vocabulary
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Rini, Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia. "KATA SERAPAN DALAM BAHASA JEPANG." KIRYOKU 2, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i2.72-77.
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(Gairaigo) Loan word was born as a result of cultural and language contact with other countries. Loan word in Japanese or commonly known as gairaigo is known generally comes from English, but not entirely so. The purpose of this research is to describe the origin, form, and formation process of the loan word in Japanese, The method used is descriptive method. As the result of the research, it is found that Japanese loan word is not only from English; the form of loan word consists of 3 - 7 syllables; and entered into Japanese through adaptation and adoption process.Keywords: gairaigo, adaptation, adoption
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Garland, Brendan. "Gairaigo: Japanese EFL Learners’ Hidden Vocabulary." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-24.
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Japanese is a language that accepts a great number of foreign words (known as gairaigo) into its lexicon, and in modern times these words come predominantly from English. However, despite containing a base of thousands of common English words, the study and use of this latent vocabulary to benefit EFL learners has not been fully realized. This paper describes an exploratory study of a short course given to a university EFL class in Japan, which was intended to explore ways to activate learners’ English-gairaigo vocabulary. Students received lessons in recognition of English-based gairaigo, differences between English and gairaigo, and were encouraged to explore their own knowledge and use of gairaigo. Pre and post testing suggested a positive correlation between the course and improvements in some English-gairaigo abilities, and survey results indicated students’ enthusiastic response to acquiring a skill they felt was useful in their English studies. 日本語は外来語を大量に受けいれる言語であり、なかでも現代では主に英語由来の語が多い。しかし、何千もの一般的な英語の単語が基であるにもかかわらず、EFL学生に役立つこの潜在的な語彙に関する積極的な研究と使用は十分に実施されてはいない。本論は日本の大学のEFLクラスを対象に、学生が英語由来の語彙を活性化する方法を探ることを目的とした短期講座について論究した。学生は、英語由来の外来語を認識し、英語と外来語の違いを見分ける授業を受け、自分自身で外来語の知識と使用方法を探求することが促された。事前と事後のテストでは、本講座と英語・外来語能力の向上との間に正の相関関係があることが示唆され、また調査結果において、英語学習に役立つスキルの習得に対する学生の熱心な反応が示された。
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Wibowo, Dida Aristo, and Rina Supriatnaningsih. "ANALISIS KOSAKATA YANG MENUNJUKAN PROFESI DALAM BUKU AJAR BAHASA JEPANG YANG DIGUNAKAN DI UNNES." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v7i1.29598.
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Abstract
(ANALYSIS OF VOCABULARY THAT SHOWS A PROFESSION FROM JAPANESE LANGUAGE BOOKS THAT USED IN UNNES)
The important things in sentences is vocabulary. Vocabulary in Japanese is called 語彙‘goi’.Goi means a collection or set of words related to Japanese. Based on its origin, goi is divided into three types, 1) 和語 'Wago', are words in original Japanese, 2) 漢語 'Kango', are words that comes from China, and 3) 外来語 'Gairaigo', is an absorption word that comes from a foreign language, or most of it is from English. In learning vocabulary in Japanese, one of the groups of vocabulary that is often used is professional vocabulary. However, in the textbooks the types of professions have not been classified and how the form of professional vocabulary that as well as their used. The data source of this research is the Japanese textbook that used in the Japanese Language Education Study Program Unnes. The data analysis technique used in this research is the agih method and the technique of dividing elements directly. Based on the results of the research, the author obtained the professional words in Japanese language textbooks used in Unnes as many as 29 professional words, the word is classified in 23 words of Kango and 6 words of Gairaigo. The total occurrence in the textbook is 68 times. The word 会社員 (kaishain) occurs most often, which is 11 times.The author gets the word profession classified as Kango, which in its form is characterized by the suffix, which is ~者 (sha), ~員(in), ~士(shi), ~家(ka), ~手(syu), ~人(nin), ~事(ji). The author also gets the word profession belonging to Gairaigo based on the data which in its form is characterized by written using Katakana and a change in consonants or addition of vocals.
Abstrak
Salah satu unsur penting dalam kalimat adalah kosakata. Kosakata dalam bahasa Jepang disebut 語彙‘goi’. Goi memiliki arti kumpulan atau himpunan kata yang berhubungan dengan bahasa Jepang. Berdasarkan asal usulnya, goi dibagi menjadi tiga macam yaitu, 1) 和語‘Wago’, merupakan kata-kata dalam bahasa Jepang asli, 2) 漢語‘Kango’, merupakan kata-kata yang dibaca secara onyomi dalam penulisan kanji, dan 3) 外来語‘Gairaigo’, merupakan kata-kata serapan yang berasal dari bahasa Asing, atau kebanyakan terdapat dari bahasa Inggris. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu buku ajar bahasa Jepang yang digunakan di Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Unnes.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode agih dan teknik bagi unsur langsung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Penulis mendapatkan kata profesi dalam buku ajar bahasa Jepang yang digunakan di Unnes sebanyak 29 kata profesi, kata tersebut tergolong dalam 23 kata Kango dan 6 kata Gairaigo. Total kemunculan dalam buku ajar tersebut sebanyak 68 kali. Kata 会社員 (kaishain) paling sering muncul yaitu 11 kali. Penulis mendapatkan kata profesi yang tergolong Kango yang dalam pembentukannya ditandai dengan adanya sufiks yaitu ~者(sha), ~員(in), ~士(shi), ~家(ka), ~手(syu), ~人(nin), ~事(ji). Penulis juga mendapatkan kata profesi yang tergolong dalam Gairaigo yang berdasarkan data tersebut dapat ditandai pula secara penulisan ditulis dengan menggunakan Katakana dan adanya perubahan konsonan atau penambahan vokal.
© 2019Universitas Negeri Semarang
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Wilistyani, Ni Made Ari, Ni Nengah Suartini, and Gede Satya Hermawan. "ANALISIS PERUBAHAN MAKNA GAIRAIGO DALAM MAJALAH GARUDA ORIENT HOLIDAYS(SUATU KAJIAN SEMANTIK)." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Undiksha 4, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbj.v4i3.13363.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan makna gairaigo yang ditemukan dalam sebuah majalah wisata Garuda Orient Holidays nomor 6 edisi bulan Januari-Maret 2017, yang diproduksi oleh Garuda Indonesia Group. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian pada sebuah majalah wisata berbahasa Jepang. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah teori perubahan makna oleh Chaer (2003) dan Suwandi (2008). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode simak dengan teknik sadap secara tertulis dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode padan intralingual dengan teknik dasar Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP) dan teknik lanjutan Hubung Banding-Bedakan (HBB). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan makna gairaigo terbagi menjadi dua yaitu pada tataran linguistik dan pada tataran sosial bahasa. Pada tataran linguistik terdapat tiga jenis perubahan makna pada gairaigo, yaitu perluasan makna (generalisasi), penyempitan makna (spesialisasi) dan perubahan makna total. Dari ketiga jenis perubahan makna tersebut, perubahan makna menyempit (spesialisasi) yang paling banyak ditemukan. Sehingga dapat diketahui ketika bahasa asing diserap menjadi gairaigo cenderung mengalami perubahan makna menyempit. Berdasarkan tataran sosial bahasa terdapat dua jenis perubahan makna yaitu peninggian makna (ameliorasi) dan penurunan makna (peyorasi), tetapi hanya ditemukan peninggian makna (ameliorasi). Sehingga dapat diketahui gairaigo cenderung memiliki makna yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan padanannya dalam bahasa Jepang.Kata Kunci : gairaigo, perubahan makna, majalah gratis Garuda Orient Holidays 『ガルーダオリエントホリデーズ』誌の外来語の意味変化分析 意味論考察 二・マデ・アリ・ウィリスティアニ NIM 1312061005 要旨 本研究は、ガルーダインドネシアグループ発行プリーペパー『ガルーダオリエントホリデーズ』2017年1~3月号第6巻にある外来語の意味変化の解明をめざものである。対象は日本語によるプリーペパーでありChaer (2003) 及びSuwandi (2008)の意味変化論を用い定性的記述研究である。試読の抽出記録よって収集し、精神的要素決定法(PUP) 及び比較相違関係法(HBB)に基き分析した。結果、外来語の意味変化には、言語学的側面と社会的側面の2種によるものが明らかになった。言語学的には、一般化、特化、全面的変化の3の類が認められ、特化される意味変化が最も多く使われ、外国語が外来語になった場合、意味が狭められる傾向にある。社会的側面では、意味が高められる場合、低められる場合の2の類あるが、高められる場合のみ認められた。外来語は、日本語より意味が高められる傾向にある。keyword : 外来語、意味変化、『ガルーダオリエントホリデーズ』プリーペパー
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Barrs, Keith. "Errors in the use of English in the Japanese linguistic landscape." English Today 31, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841500036x.
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Foreign words which have been borrowed into the Japanese language, especially in the last few centuries, are commonly labelled as 外来語, gairaigo, meaning words (語, go) coming in (来, rai) from outside (外, gai). This umbrella term encompasses lexical items from numerous foreign languages, including Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, Korean, German, and English. As they undergo the borrowing process into the Japanese linguistic system, the words are likely to undergo modification, particularly in terms of their phonology, orthography, semantics, and syntax. The overwhelming majority of gairaigo have their roots in the English language; estimates put their number at around 10% of the Japanese lexicon (Daulton, 2008; Stanlaw, 2004). They include borrowings in the daily Japanese vocabulary (ニュース, nyūsu, news); ones used primarily in specialist fields, (コーパス, kōpasu, corpus), and others recorded in dictionaries but that play very little part in actual language usage (インディビデュアル, indibijyuaru, individual).
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Kaluge, Teresa Angelina. "The Japanese Understanding on New Words with Suffix -Teki Across Generations." Lingua Cultura 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v14i2.6604.
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The research attempted to portray the language dynamic on using the suffix -teki among Japanese based on old and young generations as reflected by age. Data were collected by using questionnaires distributed to the Japanese native speakers. New words were responded to as understandable, doubtful, and difficult. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used in order to find out the results. For both the young and old generations, the stem words from Kango were the easiest to understand, yet, the most difficult words were groups of Gairaigo, Wago, and Konshugo. A significant difference was found between the age groups. The old generation expressed more doubt on new foreign words than the young one only in using -teki for Gairaigo word group. It is concluded that some meanings of words with suffixes are understood across young and old generations. However, the development of technology and globalization may impact some doubtful responses that differentiate between these two generations.
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Daulton, Frank E. "On the Origins of Gairaigo Bias: English Learners’ Attitudes Towards English-based Loanwords in Japan." Language Teacher 35, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt35.6-1.
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Although gairaigo is a resource for Japanese learners of English, attitudes in Japan towards English-based loanwords are ambivalent. This paper examined university freshmen’sattitudes towards gairaigo through a questionnaire. Despite their ambivalence,participants generally felt that loanwordsdid not hinder their English studies. Yet their opinions were based on scant information, as teachers had seldom spoken of gairaigo, or had spoken of it only disparagingly. 「外来語」は日本人が英語を学ぶ際に情報源の1つとなっているが、日本における英語由来の外来語の捉え方には曖昧なところがある。本論は、大学１年生の外来語に対する捉え方をアンケート調査したものである。曖昧な部分があるにもかかわらず、アンケートの参加者が全般的に感じていたのは、外来語が英語学習の弊害にはなっていないということだった。しかしこれらの意見は、教える側がそれまでほとんど外来語のことを教えてこなかった、あるいは単に過小評価してきたため、十分ではない情報に基づいたものだった。
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Gile, Daniel. "Observations sur l’enrichissement lexical dans la progression vers un japonais « langue passive » pour l’interprétation de conférence." Meta 33, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002915ar.
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Summary Few Westerners have sufficient proficiency in Japanese for conference interpretation. The major stumbling block in their acquisition of Japanese as a passive language resides in vocabulary enhancement.Japanese vocabulary consists o/wago, kango and gairaigo and their compounds. Each category has different characteristics in terms of learning. While learning gairaigo is rather easy for the Westerner, wago proves more difficult to memorize, and kango poses special problems due to the small number of distinct syllables in Japanese as opposed to the large number of kanji used. The large number of words used in Japanese compounds the difficulty, especially as compared with the acquisition of a Western language where the large proportion of words having common Greco-Latin roots that can be recognized even at first sight, reduces the number of new words that actually have to be learned. These facts provide one explanation for the difficulty Westerners have in reaching an adequate level of comprehension of Japanese for interpretation purposes. They also raise questions as to the soundness of the philosophy interpreters' schools and their methods in developing high-level linguistic skills. Up to now, this question has been dealt with on the basis of" common sense " and the instructors' personal experience. Data obtained through scientific research may significantly contribute to an improvement of the situation.
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Champ, Niamh. "Gairaigo in Japanese Foreign Language Learning: A Tool for Native English Speakers?" New Voices 6 (January 2014): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nv.06.05.
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Kamal, Ahmad Azhar, Dian Bayu Firmansyah, and Soni Mulyawan Setiana. "FAKTOR PENYEBAB KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN HURUF KATAKANA." Janaru Saja : Jurnal Program Studi Sastra Jepang 6, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/js.v6i2.578.
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This study discusses what are the factors that causing misuse of katakana in high school students. The research method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. Type of mistake analyzed in this research is the error one with the classification of the cause of the error, such as Over-generalization, ignorance of rule restriction, incomplete application of rule, and false concept hypotesized. result from this study are the students are having difficulties on katakana letters that have similarity form and katakana that have double consonant or known as sokuon on gairaigo vocabulary.
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S, Irzam Sarif, Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa, and Nani Sunarni. "Gairaigo in The Covid-19 Pandemic Era: A Study of Transformational Generative Phonology." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 6, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v6i2.32363.
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Transformational Generative Phonology is a phonological theory that treats the distinguishing feature as the smallest unit and connects the distinguishing features and lexicons with phonological rules. This research has been conducted by several previous researchers, but study regarding the object in the Covid-19 pandemic is still limited. The purpose of this study was to explain the phonological process and phonological rules of foreign loan words into Japanese using transformational generative phonological approach. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Sources of the data were obtained from vocabularies or terms that appeared during the Covid-19 period. The results of this study indicated that there were six phonological rules which include, 1) the addition of the phoneme [u] at the end of words; 2) the addition of the phoneme [o] at the end of the word; 3) Addition of phoneme [u] in the middle of the word, 4) Addition of phoneme [o] in the middle of the word; 5) Addition of phoneme [k] at the end of the word, and; 6) Substitution of phoneme [l] to [r]. So that the implementation of this research was to create a rule to make it easier for foreign learners of Japanese to understand the sound changes that occur in Japanese lingual units.
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Birlea, Oana-Maria. "Hybridity in Japanese Advertising Discourse." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2019-0012.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to reveal the impact of cultural exchange on Japanese advertising discourse construction perpetuated through the idea of prestige. This phenomenon can be explained through the concept of mukokuseki (Jap. 無国籍) ‘lack of nationality’, a term which encompasses the idea of transculturality in Asia. In the context of globalization, erasing the identity or any sort of national mark enhances the absorption and integration of foreign elements and leads to reconsidering aesthetic communication. Japanese advertising discourse is based more on emotional reactions rather than cognitive ones, and this can be noticed through the extensive use of kawaii ‘cute’ symbolism. Considering that the idea encompassed by the concept of “cute” is present in any culture, and its effects are more or less the same, by freeing it from any cultural or societal restraints (mukokuseki), it becomes an intermediary space where traditional, national elements can overlap foreign ones without damaging the essence of the discourse, but on the contrary. Interculturality and inbetweenness manifests not only at the visual level but also at the linguistic level through hybrid language use: the coexistence of gairaigo (loan words) along wago (words deriving from Japanese) and kango (words deriving from Chinese). According to several studies, gairaigo and wasei-eigo (Japanglish, English words coined in Japan) create a special effect and often serve as euphemisms. Thus, we have selected three Japanese print adverts (displayed between 2000 and 2012) in order to explain the phenomenon by focusing on their sociolinguistic function and their impact on discourse construction. Advertising discourse has surpassed its primary economic function and has come to be a statement of the global world.
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Rasiban, Linna Meilia, Amalia Rahmayanti, Renariah Renariah, and Dedi Sutedi. "The Use of Japanese Loanwords in Culinary Content on Instagram." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v6i1.30177.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of Japanese loanwords (gairaigo) used in culinary content on Instagram, and to describe the analytical framework of those meaning and formation. This study used descriptive qualitative method with data sources from 8 Instagram accounts of culinary content. This data in this study including 74 postings and 115 data of loanwords use from the Instagram accounts. The results from this study showed that lexical and word-formation structure that form the Japanese loanwords mostly were the compound word form (fukugougo) because many cuisine terms used two or more words. The results also showed that many of Japanese loanwords in culinary content are using derivative forms and acronyms. It is suggested that teachers and Japanese learners should be aware of these structure changes and semantic change in Japanese loanwords, which can help Japanese learners to understand the meaning of loanwords in Japanese.
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Sato, Eriko. "Translanguaging sequel." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.00069.sat.
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Abstract The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese, wago (native Japanese words), kango (Sino-Japanese words), and gairaigo (foreign loanwords other than kango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.
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Gile, Daniel. "L’enseignement de la traduction japonais-français : une formation à l’analyse." Meta 33, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002911ar.
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Summary Most Western translators of Japanese do not have quite a perfect understanding of the language. Some linguistic features of the Japanese language and its use by the Japanese also make it more difficult to translate than most other languages : its elliptic nature, its less than explicit logic, its grammar which provides few indications as to relations between nouns and noun clauses and few indications regarding time, its rapidly changing vocabulary and the rather loose way in which the Japanese tend to pose problems in translation . A third major problem for translators working from Japanese in the West is the lack of Japanese documentation and the difficulties encountered whenever they try to find Japanese resource persons to help them out with difficulties. Consequently, analysis is a must in translation from Japanese. Lexical analysis is mainly morphological in the case ofKango and phonological in the case of Gairaigo. Logical analysis of texts is necessary in testing meaning hypotheses, as the apparent "linguistic" meaning of text segments may be quite different from their true meaning. For complex, long or seemingly "agrammatical" or "illogical" sentences, the so-called "block analysis", which consists in identifying "blocks" encompassing noun phrases, identifying relationships between them, then streamlining sentences structurally and semantically until problems are pinpointed or solved, is an efficient analysis tool.
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Schipper, Sara, Antonija Cavcic, and Sachi Komai. "Gender, Language, and Community: GALE SIG Forum." JALT Postconference Publication - Issue 2020.1; August 2021 2020, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltpcp2020-04.
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The JALT GALE SIG Forum examined the conference theme of community with a focus on gender. Sara Schipper highlighted some of the struggles female students face at an elite university in Japan and offered implications for educators. Antonija Cavcic examined linguistic discrepancies between male and female politicians’ use of gairaigo (loan words) during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in Japan. Sachi Komai presented a literary approach to the theme focusing on the Japanese novel, Out (1997, translated 2003), written by Natsuo Kirino. JALT GALE部会では、今大会のテーマである「コミュニティ（共同体）」について、ジェンダーの観点から発表が行われた。本稿はフォーラムに参加した三名の発表内容をまとめたものである。Schipperは、日本の名門大学に入学した女子学生が直面する困難に焦点をあわせ、そこからどのような教育現場への示唆が見えてくるかを検討した。Cavcicは、COVID-19の流行初期段階に日本の政治家が使用した外来語について、男性政治家と女性政治家の間にどのような差異があったかを検証した。駒居は、桐野夏生の小説『OUT』を取りあげ、本フォーラムのテーマに対する文学的なアプローチを行った。
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MUÑIZ HERNÁNDEZ, Francisco. "Teletrabajo, una aproximación desde lo local. experiencias en el Ayuntamiento. de Salamanca, especial referencia al organismo de recaudación (OAGER) (2010-2020). ¿Más allá de la pandemia?" RVGP 19 (4. ALE BEREZIA), no. 19 (4AB) (December 30, 2020): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvgp.19.2020.ab.09.
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Laburpena: Hurrengo orrialdeetan egiten den ekarpenak erakunde-errealitateari buruzko hurbilketa deskriptibo bat egin nahi du; telelaneko proiektu bat jarri da abian, zerbitzu publikoak hobetzeko ahaleginean beste elementu bat bezala, zerbitzu hori ematen duten arduradunen inplikazio eta konpromisoarekin: enplegatuak. Azken 10 urteetan garatzen ari den prozesu baten aurrean gaude; aldi luzea da hori, baina ez hainbeste Espainiako administrazio publikoaren logiketan. Orrialde hauetan zehar ikusiko dugu ahalegin hori errealitate handiago baten barruan garatzen dela, Salamancako Udalean. Izan ere, udal horrek beste erritmo batzuk ditu, baina aldaketa-inguruneak egotea eta sistemak abian jartzea errazten du. Lankidetzazko logika parte-hartzaile eta garden batean garatuko da, non pertsonen pertzepzioa, modu zientifikoan eta sistematikoan, bai enplegatuena bai herritarrena, prozesu horien elementu nuklear bihurtzen diren. Hala ere, ez da saiatzen telelanaren gairako hurbilketa akademiko bat egiten, eta ez dugu aurkituko sistema edo tresnen garapen formalik, antolaketa-errealitate berri horri lotuta eta, zehazki, lan-ingurune publikoetako lanaren eta harremanen antolamenduari lotuta. Abstract: The contribution developed in the following pages endeavors to take a descriptive approach to an organizational reality in which a teleworking project has been set in motion as yet another effort to improve the public services, with the involvement and commitment of those responsible for providing them: the employees. We are witnessing a process which has been developing over the last 10 years, a long period, but not particularly so in the logics of the Spanish Public Administration. Over these pages we will see how this effort develops within a wider reality, the Salamanca City Council, which has other paces, but facilitates the existence of environments of change and the setting in motion of systems; in a collaborative, participatory and transparent logic, where the perception of persons, scientifically and systematically, both of employees and citizens, becomes a nuclear element of these processes. It does not try, however, to be an academic approximation to the subject of teleworking, nor are we going to find a formal development of systems or tools, related to this new organizational reality and specifically to organization of the work and relations in public working environments. Resumen: La aportación que se desarrolla en las siguientes páginas intenta realizar una aproximación descriptiva de una realidad organizacional en la que se ha puesto en marcha un proyecto de teletrabajo, como un elemento más de un esfuerzo por la mejora de los servicios públicos, con la implicación y el compromiso de los encargados de su prestación: el personal empleado. Estamos ante un proceso que se viene desarrollando los últimos 10 años, periodo largo, pero no tanto en las lógicas de la administración pública española. A lo largo de estas páginas veremos cómo este esfuerzo se desarrolla dentro de una realidad mayor, el Ayuntamiento de Salamanca, que tiene otros ritmos, pero facilita la existencia de entornos de cambio y la puesta en marcha de sistemas; en una lógica colaborativa, participativa y transparente, donde la percepción de las personas, de forma científica y sistemática, tanto de personal empleado como la ciudadanía, se convierten en elementos nucleares de estos procesos. No intenta, sin embargo, ser una aproximación académica al tema del Teletrabajo, ni tampoco nos vamos a encontrar con un desarrollo formal de sistemas o herramientas, vinculadas con esta nueva realidad organizacional y específicamente de organización del trabajo y las relaciones en los entornos laborales públicos.
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Jatmiko, Prananda Aris, and Novi Andari. "GAIRAIGO NO SHOURYAKU DALAM KOLOM BERITA KOKUSAI DAN CULTURE DI ASAHI SHINBUN DARING." mezurashii 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/mezurashii.v3i1.4705.
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Bahasa adalah alat komunikasi sosial yang berupa sistem simbol bunyi yang dihasilkan dari alat ucap manusia. Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial membutuhkan sarana untuk berinteraksi dengan manusia lainnya di masyarakat. Media berkomunikasi sebagai alat perantara menyampaikan informasi memiliki peranan penting. Koran dan majalah adalah salah satu media komunikasi tertulis. Membaca koran Jepang bagi orang asing, pembelajar bahasa Jepang memiliki hambatan dalam memahami isi berita yang tertulis di surat kabar. Salah satu contoh hambatan adalah proses pemendekan kata dalam bahasa Jepang yang disebut dengan shouryakugo. Hasil dari proses pemendekan kata disebut dengan ryakugo, seringkali ryakugo yang terdapat pada koran tidak bisa ditemukan artinya di kamus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengklasifikasi gairaigo no shouryaku dan mengetahui proses pemendekan kata. Metode yang digunakan adalah desriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai proses pembentukan ryakugo pada kolom berita Kokusai dan Culture edisi Maret-April 2018 Asahi Shinbun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan ryakugo pada kolom berita kokusai terdiri dari 4 jenis yaitu : 1) Joryaku, 2) Churyaku, 3) Geryaku , dan 4) Pemendekan kompleks dengan bagian yang dilesapkan berasal dari kata. Dan pada berita Culture ditemukan 2 jenis ryakugo, yaitu jouryaku dan geryaku.Kata Kunci : Morfologi, Gairaigo no Shouryaku, Surat Kabar
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Yani, Damai. "Proses Pembentukkan Gairaigo dalam Buku Teks Minna no Nihongo: Kajian Morfologi." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 2, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.2215.
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Anggia Putri, Meira. "Pemendekkan Gairaigo dalam J Bridge for Beginners Vol 1 dan 2." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.3121.
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Tamaoka, Katsuo, Mutsuko Ihara, Tadao Murata, and Hyunjung Lim. "Effects of first-element phonological-length and etymological-type features on sequential voicing (rendaku) of second elements." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2009-0103.
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AbstractUsing a questionnaire comprising voiced-or-voiceless choices by native Japanese speakers, the present study investigated the influence of the phonological-length and etymological-type of first elements on sequential voicing or rendaku of the initial consonant of the CVCVCV-structured Wago-like nonwords /hukari/ and /hasuri/. Experiment 1 revealed an overall trend where voicing determination (i.e., voicing power) from one mora to three morae was observed to have a descending order of strength. After controlling for printed-frequency, script type, and free-standing single kanji, Experiment 2 showed that single-mora Wago first-elements had stronger voicing power on second elements than those consisting of two and three morae. Considering the combined results of Experiments 1 and 2, it may be concluded that a single CV mora Wago of first elements had greater voicing power than two or three morae cases. Experiment 3 demonstrated that first element Wago exerted stronger voicing power upon second elements than either Kango or Gairaigo, which exerted equally influence. However, after controlling for printed-frequency and script type, Experiment 4 indicated that the first element Wago and Kango resulted in rendaku on second elements with greater voicing power than Gairaigo. Thus, the present study demonstrated that both the first-element phonological-length and etymological-type appear to influence rendaku of the voiceless consonants of second elements.
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Yani, Damai. "Analisis Kesalahan Penulisan Gairaigo pada Mahasiswa Tingkat II Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018 Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Universitas Negeri Padang." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.3226.
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Meliana, Igat. "Efektivitas Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengingat Kosakata Gairaigo Menggunakan Media Kartu Kwartet (pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Mandala Tiara Bangsa 2019/2020)." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.4132.
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Tamaoka, Katsuo, Kyoko Hayakawa, and Timothy J. Vance. "Triple operations of rendaku processing: Native Chinese and Korean speakers learning Japanese." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2016-0103.
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AbstractThe present study investigated a hypothesis proposing the involvement of three operations in processing Japanese sequential voicing (rendaku): a lexical-specific operation, an etymology-specific operation, and a rule-based operation. Second language (L2) learners of Japanese are in the process of constructing an L2 mental lexicon of Japanese, and this lexicon is assumed to display a clear contrast between rule-based and etymology-specific occurrences of rendaku in early-stage learning and lexical-specific rendaku at later stages as a result of memory-based lexical learning. Native Chinese (N=32) and Korean (N=32) speakers learning Japanese, matched for their lexical and grammatical knowledge, avoided applying rendaku in compounds with a medial voiced obstruent in the second element, indicating that Lyman’s Law is an active principle even in L2 acquisition. Both L2 learner groups also showed sensitivity to lexical strata by distinguishing Japanese-origin words (wago) from Sino-Japanese words (kango) and alphabetic loanwords (gairaigo). Thus, as factors of rendaku processing, Lyman’s Law is considered rule-based while lexical stratum is considered etymology-specific. In contrast, both L2 learner groups showed a low occurrence of rendaku both for Lyman’s Law exceptions (i.e., X+basigo) and for infrequent or rare words (i.e., X+zyootyuu). These instances can be considered memory-based, lexical-specific rendaku, which L2 learners must acquire as individual lexical items. This study indicated that all three described operations were used by L2 Japanese speakers to process rendaku.