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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gait parameter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Bäcklund, Tomas. "Development and validation of a system for clinical assessment of gait cycle parameter in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydocephalus." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82891.

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A number of parameters have been identified as characteristic of the walking pattern in patients with INPH. Most of these have been identified through qualitative surveys and manually conducted test batteries. In order to obtain quantitative, standardized and objective measures, which enable studies based on larger patient populations and comparable results, there is a need for a user-friendly system that can measure specific key parameters over time in a reliable manner in everyday clinical work. Step height, width and the variability in the gait cycle are such parameters which are interesting research areas for this group of patient. Problems with balance and gait are very common in other patient groups as well, particularly in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke. This is the reason that the development of this gait analyzer is performed. Giving access to a simple and objective method for estimating gait and balance ability in clinical routine investigations would increase the ability to provide the right kind of treatment, confirm treatment results, and conducting larger research studies. Therefore, this equipment can contribute to the assessment of diseases which contain impaired gait. As a first test of the usability and for the validation of accuracy and repeatability of the equipment a group of healthy volunteers was used. Results from tests on healthy subjects show god repeatability between measurements, for step width at normal gait the difference was -0,2 ±0,34 cm (mean, ±SD) and step height 0,69 ±3,34 cm. The stride time variability in the healthy group where very small 0,00048 ±0,00028 s2 with a difference between test of 0,000019 ±0,00038 s2. Three pilot patients have been tested where we have clearly seen indications of increased stride time variability and reduced step height.
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Gravett, Stephanie. "Gait and Mild Cognitive Impairment : How spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability are affected in MCI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135836.

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Tidigare forskning har funnit samband mellan gång och kognitiv funktion, men sambandet mellan lindrig kognitiv svikt (MCI) och gång är inte helt klarlagt. Syftet med den föreliggande examensuppsatsen var således att undersöka hur gångvariabler och gångvariabilitet är påverkat hos personer med MCI i relation till kognitivt friska individer. Studien genomfördes i det pågående projektet the Healthy Ageing Initiative vid Umeå Universitet. Totalt 1937 personer inkluderades i studien. Samtliga var 70 år gamla och bosatta i Umeå kommun. Totalt 112 personer bedömdes ha MCI utifrån instrumentet Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Gånganalys genomfördes med den elektroniska gångmattan GAITRite® system och deltagarna utförde fyra gångförsök: egenvald hastighet, snabb hastighet, kognitiv dual task och motorisk dual task. Resultatet visade att det finns skillnader mellan grupper vad gäller både spatiala och temporala aspekter, främst i de tre första försöken. Exempelvis uppvisade gruppen MCI lägre gånghastighet, kortare steg och kliv samt längre double support och kortare swing. Gruppen MCI uppvisade högre variabilitet under kognitiv dual task. Ett flertal gång- och variabilitets-variabler under kognitiv dual task kunde, enligt logistisk regression, predicera sannolikheten att ha MCI. Resultaten indikerar att gången hos de med MCI kan ge ökad fallrisk.<br>Previous research has found a connection between gait and cognitive function. However, the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and gait has not been fully explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine how spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gait variability, are affected in people with MCI compared to cognitively healthy individuals (CHI). The study was carried out in cooperation with the Healthy Ageing Initiative research project, Umeå University, Sweden. A total of 1937 participants were included in the study. All participants were 70-years old and residents of the municipality Umeå. A total of 112 participants were classified as having MCI, as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Gait analysis was performed with the GAITRite® system, and participants performed four trials: preferred pace, fast pace, cognitive dual task and motor dual task. Results showed group differences in both spatial and temporal aspects of gait, especially during the first three trials. For example, participants with MCI walked more slowly, had shorter steps and strides, as well as a longer duration of the double support phase and lower duration of the swing phase. Participants with MCI revealed higher gait variability during cognitive dual task. Several of these variability variables, as well as spatiotemporal variables, could predict probability of having MCI, as seen through logistic regression. Results indicate that the gait observed in MCI could be related to a higher risk of falling.
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3

Simoes, Mario Alves. "Feasibility of Wearable Sensors to Determine Gait Parameters." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3346.

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A wearable system that can be used in different settings to collect gait parameters on subjects with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) would allow clinicians to collect needed data of subjects outside of the laboratory setting. Mild traumatic brain injuries stem from a number of causes such as illnesses, strokes, accidents or battlefield traumas. These injuries can cause issues with everyday tasks, such as gait, and are linked with vestibular dysfunction [1]. Different wearable sensor systems were analyzed prior to starting this study along with relevant gait parameters associated with mild traumatic brain injury. To monitor gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury (cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length) a wearable sensor system was selected (APDM Opal Movement Monitor [13]) and compared against the gold standard optical tracking system (Vicon) [2]. A group of ten, 20-27 year old, healthy subjects were used to validate the APDM Movement Monitor system using the Pearson's R correlation value [35]. Subjects were asked to wear the APDM movement monitors in conjunction with the reflective markers of the Vicon system while performing three sessions of gait trials: a normal gait speed, a fast gait speed and a slow gait speed. Using the Pearson's R correlation values, cadence, torso rate of rotation, and head rate of rotation were found to be highly correlated between both systems. The Pearson's R correlations for cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length were 0.967, 0.907, 0.942, and 0.861, respectively. These correlation values suggest the gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury are highly correlated between both the APDM Movement Monitor system and the Vicon system, and APDM's wearable sensor system was lightweight, portable and less costly than the Vicon system.
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4

Burns, Karlee N. "Impact of Cognitive Tasks on Gait Parameters in Collegiate Athletes." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262879.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive tasks on gait parameters in a collegiate athlete population. Forty-six current collegiate student-athletes from men&rsquo;s football, women&rsquo;s basketball, and women&rsquo;s volleyball participated in the study. Each participant completed five single task trials walking at a self-selected pace on a ten-meter walkway free of obstacles and other distractions and then completed five dual task trials of walking while completing a cognitive task of either counting backwards from 100 by 7s or spelling common five letter words backwards. Paired samples t-tests showed all gait parameters, including step count (<i> t</i>(45) = -13.301, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), gait cycle (<i> t</i>(45) = -14.710, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), cadence (<i> t</i>(45) = 12.132, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), nominal speed (<i> t</i>(45) = 18.229, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), peak medial lateral acceleration (<i>t</i>(45) = 2.948, <i>p</i> = .005), peak anterior acceleration (<i>t</i>(45) = 7.005, <i>p</i> &lt; .001), and postural sway (<i>t</i>(45) = 5.355, <i>p</i> &lt; .000) were statistically different, <i>p</i> &lt; .05, between the single and dual task trials. During the single task trials, participants walked faster, took less steps, and had higher acceleration and postural sway values than they did during the dual task trials. Normative reference values for these gait parameters were also determined for this specific population. </p>
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Al-Mijalli, Mohammed Hmad Saleh. "Design of an instrumented walkway for measuring the temporal distance parameters of gait." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249763.

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Aldridge, Matthew David. "Measurements of equine gait parameters in the context of injury prevention." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391886.

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7

Gómez, Pérez Cristina. "Clinically relevant gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673520.

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Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of chronic childhood motor disability and it describes a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture. Spasticity is often the dominant motor disorder and it causes secondary musculoskeletal problems that, occurring at multiple levels, affect the quality and efficiency of gait. The instrumented gait analysis is an assessment tool that allows a precise quantification of gait characteristics, through objective data that cannot be appreciated visually. This doctoral thesis provides new evidence on clinically relevant gait parameters for the gait assessment of children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Through a systematic review, gait parameters responsive to treatments have been identified. Through a correlational study, the relationship between spatiotemporal parameters, impairments and activity limitations has been evaluated. A gait event detection method for children with cerebral palsy has also been validated.<br>La paràlisi cerebral és la causa més freqüent de discapacitat motora crònica en la població infantil i descriu un conjunt de trastorns que afecten el moviment i la postura. L’espasticitat és el trastorn motor predominant i provoca problemes múscul-esquelètics secundaris que, actuant a múltiples nivells, afecten la capacitat de marxa. L’anàlisi instrumentada de la marxa és una eina de valoració que permet quantificar les característiques de la marxa mitjançant dades objectives no apreciables visualment. Aquesta tesi doctoral aporta noves evidències sobre paràmetres clínicament rellevants per a la valoració de la marxa dels infants amb paràlisi cerebral espàstica bilateral. Mitjançant una revisió sistemàtica, s’han identificat paràmetres de la marxa sensibles als tractaments. Mitjançant un estudi correlacional, s’ha avaluat la relació dels paràmetres espai-temporals amb deficiències i limitacions en l’activitat. També s’ha validat un mètode de detecció d’esdeveniments de la marxa per a infants amb paràlisi cerebral.<br>La parálisis cerebral es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad motora crónica en la población infantil y describe un conjunto de trastornos del movimiento y de la postura. La espasticidad es el trastorno motor predominante y provoca problemas músculo-esqueléticos secundarios que, actuando a múltiples niveles, afectan a la capacidad de marcha. El análisis instrumental de la marcha es una herramienta de valoración que permite cuantificar las características de la marcha mediante datos objetivos no apreciables visualmente. Esta tesis doctoral aporta nueva evidencia sobre parámetros clínicamente relevantes para la valoración de la marcha en niños con parálisis cerebral espástica bilateral. Mediante una revisión sistemática, se han identificado parámetros de la marcha sensibles a los tratamientos. Mediante un estudio correlacional, se ha evaluado la relación entre parámetros espacio-temporales, deficiencias y limitaciones en la actividad. También se ha validado un método de detección de eventos de la marcha para niños con parálisis cerebral.<br>Cures Integrals i Serveis de Salut
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8

Kajaks, Tara. "The effect of sustained static kneeling on knee joint gait parameters." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1355.

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9

Cao, Huiyi. "Remote Gait Monitoring Mobile System Enabled by Wearable Sensor Technology." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1587042096284549.

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10

Trojaniello, Diana <1986&gt. "Assessment of gait spatio-temporal parameters in neurological disorders using wearable inertial sensors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7122/1/Trojaniello_Diana_tesi.pdf.

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Movement analysis carried out in laboratory settings is a powerful, but costly solution since it requires dedicated instrumentation, space and personnel. Recently, new technologies such as the magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) are becoming widely accepted as tools for the assessment of human motion in clinical and research settings. They are relatively easy-to-use and potentially suitable for estimating gait kinematic features, including spatio-temporal parameters. The objective of this thesis regards the development and testing in clinical contexts of robust MIMUs based methods for assessing gait spatio-temporal parameters applicable across a number of different pathological gait patterns. First, considering the need of a solution the least obtrusive as possible, the validity of the single unit based approach was explored. A comparative evaluation of the performance of various methods reported in the literature for estimating gait temporal parameters using a single unit attached to the trunk first in normal gait and then in different pathological gait conditions was performed. Then, the second part of the research headed towards the development of new methods for estimating gait spatio-temporal parameters using shank worn MIMUs on different pathological subjects groups. In addition to the conventional gait parameters, new methods for estimating the changes of the direction of progression were explored. Finally, a new hardware solution and relevant methodology for estimating inter-feet distance during walking was proposed. Results of the technical validation of the proposed methods at different walking speeds and along different paths against a gold standard were reported and showed that the use of two MIMUs attached to the lower limbs associated with a robust method guarantee a much higher accuracy in determining gait spatio-temporal parameters. In conclusion, the proposed methods could be reliably applied to various abnormal gaits obtaining in some cases a comparable level of accuracy with respect to normal gait.
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Trojaniello, Diana <1986&gt. "Assessment of gait spatio-temporal parameters in neurological disorders using wearable inertial sensors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7122/.

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Movement analysis carried out in laboratory settings is a powerful, but costly solution since it requires dedicated instrumentation, space and personnel. Recently, new technologies such as the magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) are becoming widely accepted as tools for the assessment of human motion in clinical and research settings. They are relatively easy-to-use and potentially suitable for estimating gait kinematic features, including spatio-temporal parameters. The objective of this thesis regards the development and testing in clinical contexts of robust MIMUs based methods for assessing gait spatio-temporal parameters applicable across a number of different pathological gait patterns. First, considering the need of a solution the least obtrusive as possible, the validity of the single unit based approach was explored. A comparative evaluation of the performance of various methods reported in the literature for estimating gait temporal parameters using a single unit attached to the trunk first in normal gait and then in different pathological gait conditions was performed. Then, the second part of the research headed towards the development of new methods for estimating gait spatio-temporal parameters using shank worn MIMUs on different pathological subjects groups. In addition to the conventional gait parameters, new methods for estimating the changes of the direction of progression were explored. Finally, a new hardware solution and relevant methodology for estimating inter-feet distance during walking was proposed. Results of the technical validation of the proposed methods at different walking speeds and along different paths against a gold standard were reported and showed that the use of two MIMUs attached to the lower limbs associated with a robust method guarantee a much higher accuracy in determining gait spatio-temporal parameters. In conclusion, the proposed methods could be reliably applied to various abnormal gaits obtaining in some cases a comparable level of accuracy with respect to normal gait.
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Johnson, Amos Y. Jr. "A method for human identification using static, activity-specific parameters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15793.

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Esser, Patrick. "The use of inertial measurement units for the determination of gait spatio-temporal parameters." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/f775bff9-1e90-37da-05a3-3aa99015150b/1.

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The aim of this work was to develop a methodology whereby inertial measurement units (IMUs) could be used to obtain accurate and objective gait parameters within typical developed adults (TDA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The thesis comprised four studies, the first establishing the validity of the IMU method when measuring the vertical centre of mass (CoM) acceleration, velocity and position versus an optical motion capture system (OMCS) in TDA. The second study addressed the validity of the IMU and inverted pendulum model measurements within PD and also explored the inter-rater reliability of the measurement. In the third study the optimisation of the inverted pendulum model driven by IMU data was explored when comparing to standardised clinical tests within TDA and PD, and the fourth explored a novel phase plot analysis applied to CoM movement to explore gait in more detail. The validity study showed no significant difference for vertical acceleration and position between IMU and OMCS measurements within TDA. Vertical velocity however did show a significant difference, but the error was still less than 2.5%. ICCs for all three parameters ranged from 0.782 to 0.952, indicating an adequate test-retest reliability. Within PD there was no significant difference found for vertical CoM acceleration, velocity and position. ICCs for all three parameters ranged from 0.77 to 0.982. In addition, the reliability calculations found no difference for step time, stride length and walking speed for people with PD. Inter-rater reliability was found not to be different for the same parameters. The optimisation of the correction factor when using the inverted pendulum model showed no significant difference between TDA and PD. Furthermore the correction factor was found not to be related to walking speed. The fourth and final study found that phase plot analysis of variability could be performed on CoM vertical excursion. TDA and PD were shown to have, on average, different characteristics. This thesis demonstrated that CoM motion can be objectively measured within a clinical setting in people with PD by utilizing IMUs. Furthermore, in depth gait variability analysis can be performed by utilizing a phase plot method.
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Maqbool, Hafiz Farhan. "Real-time estimation of temporal gait parameters in lower limb amputees using inertial sensors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17607/.

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Number of individuals undergoing lower limb amputation around the world is increasing every year due to vascular diseases or complications associated with conditions such as diabetes and trauma. Limb loss has a profound impact on individual’s physical, mental and vocational abilities, resulting in the degradation of amputees’ quality of life (QOL). Following an amputation, prescription of prosthetic devices serves as an important step in improving the amputees’ QOL. Restoring functional attributes of human gait is one of the key objectives of lower limb rehabilitation. A number of studies have been carried out to evaluate the use of wearable sensors, especially the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), placed at different body locations to identify gait events/phases. However, a survey of the literature indicated a lack of research in development of a real-time gait event/phase detection for lower limb amputees using a single IMU attached to the shank or the prosthetic pylon. This research presents the development and evaluation of a low-cost portable gait monitoring system which detects the temporal gait events, namely initial contact (IC), foot-flat start (FFS), heel-off (HO) and toe-off TO in real-time while performing level ground and ramp activities. Foot-switches (FSW) placed underneath the foot were used as a reference system. Evaluation of the time difference recorded between the IMU and the FSW confirmed good accuracy and precision of the proposed system. Overall results showed 100% detection of IC, FFS and TO and 98.3% detection of HO in both groups (control and amputee) across all the activities. Finally, to demonstrate its practicality, the proposed system was used to evaluate and analyse the gait asymmetry for overground and treadmill walking. Detecting the temporal gait events/phases provide useful information about clinical parameters such as stance time, swing time, gait cycle duration and gait asymmetry. The proposed system could be used as a monitoring tool to assess the progress through rehabilitation, or in the development of control systems for lower limb amputees and patients with abnormal and pathological gait.
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Rieber, Jochen M. "L₂-gain based control of a flexible parameter-varying robot link." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20918.

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Ryo, Ariizumi. "Analysis of parametric gaits and control of non-parametric gaits of snake robots." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199266.

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Toosizadeh, Nima, Hannah Stocker, Rebecca Thiede, Jane Mohler, Joseph L. Mills, and Bijan Najafi. "Alterations in gait parameters with peripheral artery disease: The importance of pre-frailty as a confounding variable." SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622404.

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Although poor walking is the most common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), reported results are inconsistent when comparing gait parameters between PAD patients and healthy controls. This inconsistency may be due to frailty, which is highly prevalent among PAD patients. To address this hypothesis, 41 participants, 17 PAD (74 +/- 8 years) and 24 aged-matched controls (76 +/- 7 years), were recruited. Gait was objectively assessed using validated wearable sensors. Analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) tests were used to compare gait parameters between PAD and non-PAD groups, considering age, gender, and body mass index as covariates, while stratified based on frailty status. According to the Fried frailty index, 47% of PAD and 50% of control participants were non-frail and the rest were classified as pre-frail. Within non-frail participants, gait speed, body sway during walking, stride length, gait cycle time, double-support, knee range of motion, speed variability, mid-swing speed, and gait initiation were significantly different between PAD and control groups (effect size d = 0.75 +/- 0.43). In the pre-frail group, however, most of the gait differences were diminished except for gait initiation and gait variability. Results suggest that gait initiation is the most sensitive parameter for detecting gait impairment in PAD participants when compared to controls, regardless of frailty status (d = 1.30-1.41; p<0.050). The observed interaction effect between frailty and PAD on gait parameters confirms the importance of assessing functionality in addition to age to provide more consistency in detecting motor performance impairments due to PAD.
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Fernandes, Márcia. "Alterações da simetria espácio-temporal da marcha medidas por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática tridimensional." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/11118.

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Relatório do Projeto de Investigação apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, área de especialização em Fisioterapia em Condições Musculoesqueléticas<br>Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho de investigação consistiu em estudar os efeitos da manipulação da velocidade da marcha, unilateralmente, numa passadeira instrumentada, ao nível dos parâmetros espácio-temporais da marcha (cadência, tempo de apoio e tempo de balanço), numa amostra de indivíduos saudáveis. Introdução: As patologias musculoesqueléticas são o grupo de doenças mais frequente, com um impacto bastante negativo quer a nível da saúde, quer a nível laboral e socioeconómico. Ao associarmos o aumento da esperança média de vida aos atuais estilos de vida, surge como essencial repensar-se como se poderá atuar de forma precoce e efetiva para melhor responder e solucionar as necessidades crescentes face a estas patologias. Os atuais programas de prevenção visam a prevenção de consequências inerentes às patologias musculoesqueléticas e a sua progressão, no sentido de minimizar as perdas funcionais decorrentes. No entanto, e face às solicitações atuais, este tipo de soluções encontram em si mesmas cada vez mais limitações e lacunas, tornando-se insuficientes nas respostas dadas. É desta forma, que surge a necessidade e potencialidade de haver uma intervenção ainda mais precoce, ainda previamente à instalação da patologia, quando esta ainda se manifesta potencialmente em alterações do movimento, mais concretamente em alterações da marcha. Metodologia: Foi selecionada uma amostra não probabilística, por conveniência, de participantes saudáveis. A amostra era constituída por indivíduos maioritariamente do género feminino, dextra, com uma média de idade de 23 anos e um IMC médio de 22,5. Os participantes foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação de marcha, numa passadeira instrumentada, sendo os dados de cinemática recolhidos por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática 3D, num único momento de recolha. No decorrer deste protocolo de marcha (protocolo assimétrico com 29 patamares, cada patamar representa uma alteração da velocidade de marcha), um dos membros inferiores foi sofrendo uma diminuição progressiva, e de pequena amplitude, da velocidade da marcha. Os parâmetros da marcha avaliados foram parâmetros espácio-temporais, nomeadamente a cadência, tempo de apoio e tempo de balanço, comparando-se as diferenças resultantes entre os dois membros inferiores. Resultados: Os resultados do teste de Mann-Whitney revelaram que o parâmetro espáciotemporal tempo de balanço revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois membros inferiores, no patamar 21 (p=0.05), patamar 22 (p=0.045), patamar 23 (p=0.011), patamar 24 (p=0.015) e patamar 25 (p=0.033), do protocolo de marcha assimétrico. Os parâmetros cadência e tempo de apoio também registaram diferenças, ainda que não estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: Assim é possível concluir face aos resultados apresentados neste trabalho exploratório que existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois membros inferiores, relativamente ao parâmetro tempo de balanço.<br>Objective: With this work we aimed to study the effect of the unilateral manipulation of gait speed on gait spatiotemporal parameters (cadence, stance fase and swing fase) in healthy individuals. Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most frequent diseases, with a negative impact on both health and labor, and socio-economic level. By associating the increase in the average life expectancy to current life styles, we are forced to rethink how to effectively reply the new epidemiological needs. Mobility disorders due to degenerative diseases (e.g. osteoarthrosis) often lead to new movement patterns that settles in very slowly. New motionrelated solutions are needed to ubiquitously monitor subjects mobility and detect as early as possible dysfunctional movement patterns. It is in this way that the need arises and potential to be an even more early intervention, even prior to the installation of the pathology, when this still expresses potentially in changes of movement, more specifically in gait changes. Methodology: A sample of 17 healthy participants (22.76±5.66 years) was recruited by means of geographic convenience. All the participants were submitted to gait asymmetry protocol in an instrumented treadmill while 3D kinematics was recorded from the pelvis, left and right thigh, shank and foot. Gait spatiotemporal parameters (cadence, stance fase and swing fase) were calculated and compared between limbs. In the course of this gait protocol (asymmetrical protocol, with 29 patamares, which stage represents a change in gait), one of the lower limbs was suffering a progressive and low-amplitude, decrease of gait speed. Were evaluated spatiotemporal parameters of gait, in particular, cadence, stance fase and swing fase, and compared the resulting differences between the two lower limbs. Results: The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the spatiotemporal parameter time of balance showed statistically significant differences between the two lower limbs at the level 21 (p=0.05), level 22 (p=0.045), level 23 (p=0.011), level 24 (p=0.015) and level 25 (p=0.033). Conclusion: These results suggested that lower levels of gait asymmetry can be detected in spatiotemporal gait parameters with the use of an ambulatory kinematic analysis system.
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Voráč, Ladislav. "Řiditelné filtry s maximálním možným přeladěním a netradičními aktivními prvky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218353.

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The thesis is paid to design frequency filters steerable jet active elements of the MO–CF (Multiple-Output Current Follower) and also newly-developed current active element DACA (Digitally Adjustable Current Amplifier) in the company ON Semiconductor. The first three chapters focus on basic properties of frequency filters, used components and circuit design methods. The digitally controllable current amplifier DACA is used for managing the radio frequency filters and adjust it using the current amplification parameter A through the digital input CTR. For the design of filters of the second order a method of M-C Signal flow graphs is used. This method is in the work proved very useful and contributed to the modification of already designed frequency filters. The fourth chapter describes the actual detailed design of circuits with quality management, or marginal frequencies to the two parameters. Involvement of the proposed filter is simulated in the OrCAD program for different levels of models of the circuit elements. At the end of each filter design there is a comparison of theoretical and simulated values of the adjustable parameters circuit. The conclusion was one of the districts selected for experimental verification, followed by comparing the measured and simulated transmission characteristics.
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Liu, Hong. "Modulation of various stepping movement parameters during perturbed walking at specific periods of the gait cycle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53179.pdf.

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21

Madete, June. "A novel protocol for the quantification of temporal and postural gait parameters of rats and humans." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/13152/.

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Animal models have been used for many years to generalise the human condition of various neurological diseases. It is important that the behavioural attributes from the animal model directly correlate with those found in the human pathology. Motion analysis (MA) techniques provide a platform for direct correlation analysis between the two species, which is an important step for translational medicine. A novel three dimensional (3D) MA protocol was developed to investigate temporal and postural gait variables in both rats and humans. Gait studies involving rats are mainly based on movement scores or descriptive approaches to discerning differences in behaviour or function. Therefore, a protocol utilising a quantitative 3DMA technique during gait was developed. Data was acquired to describe function and behavioural attributes in animal models of Parkinson‟s disease (PD) and stroke in terms of temporal gait and postural adjustments and on a healthy cohort of humans. The study explored the practicality of the developed protocol to investigate the effects of unilateral dopamine depletion on rat locomotion while walking on beams of varying widths (wide, narrow and graduated). Temporal and postural gait parameters of ten male Lister Hooded rats (five controls (CNL) and five hemi-parkinsonian (PNL)) were observed using passive markers placed in locations that were representative of their four limbs and their body axis. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the PNL and CNL rats for speed along the wide beam and stride lengths for the left (impaired) fore-limb; on the narrow beam and the wide beam and for the left (impaired) hind limb on the graduated beam. The PD rats moved on the wide beam with a significantly greater roll range of motion (ROM) coupled with a positively biased roll kinematic waveform during one gait cycle. Whilst walking on the narrow beam, they displayed an increased use of the ledge and placed their tail towards the right. The results demonstrate that marker-based MA can provide an effective and simple approach to quantifying temporal gait parameters for rat models of PD. They also reveal how the width of the path affects the locomotion in both experimental cohorts. ii The novel protocol was applied to investigate the effects of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) and graft on rat locomotion while walking on a wide beam. The data collection was carried out before and after surgery to investigate temporal and postural gait parameters of 50 male Wister rats. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the control and MCAO rats for roll ROM coupled with a positively biased roll kinematic waveform during one gait cycle. Using the data collected, a classification tool based around the Dempster-Shafer theory enabled the objective classification of the rat cohorts into a MCAO group, a control group and a graft group. The roll ROM and swing time data were transformed into a set of belief values that the animals had graft, lesion or normal gait. The belief values were then represented on a simplex plot, which enables the final classification of a rat, and the level of benefit achieved by lesion or graft surgery to be visualised. The tool was able to classify rats with an accuracy of between 81% and 94.84% accuracy. The tool also indicated that swing time and roll were the most influential variables in distinguishing differences in gait after MCAO lesion and graft. Further work is required on the graft data as some inconsistencies were found, but the classification allowed better comparisons between groups than just using ANOVA alone by taking this level of uncertainty and producing a clear comparison between the cohorts. Initial studies have demonstrated a practical and visual approach that can discriminate between gait function in the rat model. Therefore to achieve the aim of the thesis, a cohort of healthy humans were tested to replicate the data collection and processing protocols developed for animal MA. The marker based protocol was carried out to investigate temporal and postural gait parameters of 10 healthy human subjects (five male: five female). The data collected compared well with published data for normal human gait therefore validating the human based protocol. The results identified variables that were easily correlated with rat data. Similarities in body orientation patterns were recorded and discussed. In conclusion, a novel protocol was developed that allowed a simple, non-invasive, practical, and sensitive approach to over ground gait data acquisition for the rat models and a healthy human cohort. Further work that would involve patients with neurological disease will enable the full validation of the protocol. This is turn would provide answers to the argument: „Is the use of animal models of the disease effective approach for clinical research?‟
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Ciprandi, D. "PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS INFLUENCING HEALTHY AGING IN ELDERLY WOMEN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/524125.

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This thesis describes the results obtained from different studies evaluating treadmill walking in younger and older women, in order to study the influence of gait stability, evaluated through gait variability, on physical activity level maintained in daily living and the influence of energy cost of walking and health-related physical fitness qualities on gait speed and gait variability. Moreover, the manuscript describes the different effects of physical activity levels calculated as overall physical activity or accumulated in bouts of at least 10 min and physical fitness on health related quality of life in the same population. 21 young adults (YA: age 22.6±2.9 yrs; BMI 22.5±2.6 kgm-2) and 21 older adults (OA: age 68.3±3.3 yrs; BMI 26.1±3 kgm-2) were recruited. A kinematic analysis was performed with an optoelectronic system to calculate gait variability during treadmill walking at different speeds. Simultaneously, the net cost of walking was analysed with indirect calorimetry and calculated subtracting resting metabolic rate measured during standing from gross metabolic rate. To provide an accurate estimation of physical activity level during free- living activities, the subjects worn an activity monitor for almost 7 complete and consecutive days, inferring time spent in sedentary, light, moderate or vigorous physical activity. Skinfold thickness was measured to obtain body fat. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by indirect calorimetry using a maximal treadmill test. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction was evaluated on a horizontal leg press, and by hand-grip strength. Flexibility was assessed by V Sit & Reach test. Gait speed, defined as the preferred walking speed of the subject, was measured as the time taken to walk the middle 10m of 14m. To assess maximal isometric strength, they performed a hand-grip strength test. Health-related quality of life was measured with the Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey (v2) that provided the physical and the mental component summary score. The main findings of this study were that: (i) a good gait stability and a high preferred walking speed seem to be able to ensure elevated levels of physical activity in healthy older women; (ii) the energy cost of walking was influenced by the speed but did not influence gait speed at any of the analysed speeds; (iii) a significant association was found only between hand-grip strength and gait stability; (iv) there was a positive relationship between the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and the physical component summary of health-related quality of life; (v) there was a positive relationship between the level of physical activity (both overall physical activity and accumulated in bouts of at least 10 min) and physical functioning; (vi) there was a negative relationship between sedentary time and vitality and role-emotional; (vii) physical activity and physical fitness did not influence the mental component summary. The present results showed that in healthy elderly women, a good gait stability and a high preferred walking speed seem to be able to ensure elevated level of PA. Moreover, the net cost of walking is not affected by age allowing a high preferred walking speed and an elevated level of physical activity. Even if almost all the population met current physical activity recommendations, accumulating a minimum of 30 min of daily moderate physical activity in bouts of 10 min or more, the significant difference between MVPAall and MVPA10 has to be taken into consideration when tailored intervention for the elderly population has to be provided.
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Shammas, Layal [Verfasser], and W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Stork. "Objective assessment of motor and gait parameters of patients with multiple sclerosis / Layal Shammas ; Betreuer: W. Stork." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162540850/34.

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24

Dorrikhteh, Masoud. "A Deep-Learning Approach for Marker-less Stride Parameters Analysis with Two Cameras." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42511.

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Human gait analysis is an essential indicator for physical and neuroglial health of an individual. Recent developments in deep-learning approaches to computer vision make possible new techniques for body segment and joint detection from photos and video frames. In this thesis, we propose a deep learning approach for non-invasive video-based gait analysis using two RGB cameras that would be suitable for routine gait monitoring in senior care and rehabilitation centers. Due to modularity and the low cost of implementation, it is considered an affordable solution for such centers. Furthermore, since the solution does not require any markers or sensors to be worn, it is a pervasive and easy method for daily usage. Our proposed deep-learning approach starts by calibrating both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras. Next, video streams captured from two RGB cameras are used as input, and OpenPose and HyperPose deep-learning frameworks are used to localize the main body key points, including the joints and skeleton based on Body 25 and COCO models, respectively. The 2D parameter outputs from the frameworks are triangulated into 3D vector spaces for further analysis. In order to reduce the noises in our data, we applied median and dual pass butter worth filters to the data. Finally gait parameters has been extracted measured and compared to the manually evaluated ground truth data which has been capture via manual measurement of a domain expert. The approach was evaluated in a laboratory setting similar to an institutional hallway in five types of trials: walking back and forth in a straight line while turning out of frame, walking back and forth in a straight line while turning in frame, circular walking, walking with a cane and a walker. The method brings promising results compared to more expensive and restrictive approaches that use up to 16 cameras and require markers or sensors.
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Lucconi, Mattia. "Caratterizzazione sperimentale di parametri spaziotemporali nella corsa su treadmill." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6956/.

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Lo scopo della tesi è verificare se esiste nell’uomo una correlazione tra le velocità preferite di corsa\cammino e i parametri antropometrici, e inoltre dare un significato ai segnali acquisiti dall’analisi del passo tramite uno strumento in fase di sviluppo. Sono stati reclutati 20 soggetti mediamente allenati e suddivisi equamente per sesso. I soggetti sono stati sottoposti ad un protocollo di test motori su treadmill diviso in due parti. I dati del primo test sono stati acquisiti manualmente mentre i dati del secondo test sono stati acquisiti da uno strumento e inviati a remoto. L’elaborazione dei risultati di entrambi i test è stata effettuata utilizzando i software Microsoft Excell e Matlab R2010a. Dai dati è emerso un trend significativo per le velocità di corsa in funzione delle altezze, ma non per quelle di cammino. Per le seconde è stata invece riscontrata una netta differenza tra soggetti maschili e femminili che ha portato a classificare i due sessi separatamente. I parametri riguardanti l’analisi del passo del secondo test sono risultati qualitativamente accettabili e confrontabili con la letteratura, ma sarà necessaria una futura validazione sperimentale per la conferma scientifica.
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Spaulding, Jeremy Maximillian. "Effects of Age on Gait Parameters and Muscle Activity During Adjustment, and the Relationship of Fear of Falling." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42015.

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Previous research has shown that with advancing age, there are increasing incidences of slip and fall injuries. Understanding mechanisms associated with gait adjustments across a known slippery surface may help in proactively avoiding slips and falls. The primary goal of this study involved examination of gait parameters and muscle activity characteristics of the lower extremities during two different walking conditions. Research has shown that both physical and mental changes accompany the aging process in humans. Moreover, research has shown that emotions and physiological responses are related. A secondary goal of this study was to examine the relationships of fear of falling with gait parameters and muscle activity. This study consisted of exposing 14 younger and 14 older participants to controlled slippery conditions safely, while studying normal and adjusted gait characteristics (friction requirement, heel contact velocity, and step length) and muscle activity characteristics (Integrated EMG). First, a baseline measure was done to study normal gait prior to any exposure to slipping. A second measure was done following a slip from a contaminated floor surface, but before the initiation of a second slip. The results indicate that there were significant gait parameter differences between younger and older participants for both walking conditions. Results also indicate that there were differences in muscle activity between to the two age groups for the adjusted condition. Findings suggest that older individuals require an additional step to properly adjust gait for a contaminated walking surface.<br>Master of Science
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Zahn, Alexander R. "Characterization and Examination of Performance Parameters of a Back-pressurized RDC." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554119639742205.

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Mendes, Ester Francisca. ""Comparação de parâmetros cinemáticos da marcha entre indivíduos jovens e idosos em tarefas de ateração do comprimento preferido do passo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-08072005-164641/.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de restrições no comprimento do passo sobre o desempenho da marcha em adultos e idosos, supondo que: (a) quando submetidos a condições de marcha semelhantes, adultos e idosos apresentam desempenhos similares em alguns parâmetros da marcha; (b) as restrições no comprimento do passo interferem sobre a velocidade de deslocamento e sobre a relação de fase entre braço e perna da mesma forma para adultos e idosos; (c) as restrições no comprimento de passo causam maior impacto sobre a variabilidade das relações de fase entre membro superior nos idosos. Para verificar estas hipóteses, nove adultos jovens e oito idosos foram filmados em três tarefas: marcha regular, aumento de passo e diminuição do passo. As comparações foram feitas em função das seguintes variáveis: velocidade de marcha, cadência, razão entre o comprimento do passo e o comprimento do membro, amplitude de variação angular do tornozelo, amplitude de variação angular do membro superior, relação de fase e variabilidade da relação de fase entre os membros superior e inferior direitos. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que o padrão de marcha dos idosos apresentou-se semelhante ao de adultos em muitos aspectos. As restrições no comprimento de passo levaram a modificações significativas da velocidade de deslocamento para adultos e idosos, sugerindo que parte das modificações relacionadas ao padrão de marcha do idoso estão relacionados à diminuição no comprimento do passo. A coordenação de movimentos, analisada através da relação de fase entre membros superior e inferior direito, mostrou ser influenciada pela tarefa, enquanto a estabilidade da coordenação entre braços e pernas não foi afetada pela restrição do passo. Estes achados comprovam a hipótese formulada inicialmente, de similaridade das características adaptativas entre os dois grupos etários. A interpretação destes resultados permite concluir que: (a) em marcha regular, adultos e idosos apresentaram desempenhos semelhantes; (b) a restrição de comprimento de passo exerceu efeito significativo sobre a velocidade de deslocamento, sobre a amplitude de movimentação do membro superior e sobre a relação de fase entre membro superior e inferior igualmente para adultos e idosos e (c) a amplitude de movimentação do tornozelo e a variabilidade da relação de fase não foram alterados em função da restrição na amplitude do passo.<br>The main purpose of this study was verifying the effect of step length restrictions on gait performance of young and old aged, assuming that: (a) when submitted to similar gait conditions, young and old aged presents analogous performance in some gait parameters; (b) the step length restrictions intervene on gait velocity an phase relation between arm and leg in the same way for young and old aged; (c) the step length restrictions cause a larger impact on phase relations variability between superior and inferior limbs for old aged. In order to verify these hypothesis, nine young adults and eight old-aged was filmed on three tasks: regular gait, increase on step length and decrease on step length. The comparisons was made to the following variables: gait velocity, cadency, step length and leg length rate, amplitude of ankle angular variation, amplitude of arm angular variation, phase relation and phase relation variability between right superior and right inferior limbs. The results revealed that the old-aged gait pattern was similar to the adult pattern in considerably aspects. Step length restrictions carried to significative changes on gait velocity for young and old aged, suggesting that part of modifications on old people gait pattern are related to decrease on step length. The movement coordination, analyzed by phase relation between right superior and right inferior limbs was influenced by task condition but not the stability of coordination between arm and legs. These findings corroborates the initial hypothesis, about the similarity of the adaptative characteristics between both groups. The interpretation of these results allows concluding that: (a) on regular gait, young and old aged had similar performance; (b) the step length alterations exerted significative effect over gait velocity, amplitude of arm angular variation and phase relations between superior and inferior limbs on the same way for young and old aged; (c) the task condition had no influence over the amplitude of ankle movement neither over variability of phase relations.
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Hegewald, Günther. "Ganganalytische Bestimmung und Bewertung der Druckverteilung unterm Fuß und von Gelenkwinkelverläufen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14478.

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Hauptziel der Arbeit war es einen Ganganalyse-Meßplatz zu entwickeln, der es ermöglicht, sowohl die Kinematik als auch die Kinetik des Ganges zu messen. Für den praktischen Einsatz ist dabei die "online" - Fähigkeit des Meßsystems von Bedeutung. Wichtige Entwicklungskriterien waren auch die Nutzerfreundlichkeit und geringe Kosten. Nicht zuletzt sollte der modulare Aufbau des Systems eine nachträgliche Integration zusätzlicher Meßkomponenten ermöglichen. Die Wahl des Meßprinzips für die Kinetik des Ganges fiel auf den Einsatz von Druckmeßsohlen. Folgende Gründe führten u.a. zu dieser Entscheidung: · Eine Messung mit Druckmeßsohlen erlaubt die Bestimmung der örtlichen Druckverteilung unter dem Fuß beim Gehen, d.h. man erkennt an welcher Stelle des Fußes der Druck auftritt, ob an der Ferse oder am Vorfuß. · Die Auswertung kann anhand einer großen Zahl aufeinanderfolgender Schritte erfolgen. · Bei Messungen mit Sohlen ist man nicht ortsgebunden. Sowohl Untersuchungen auf dem Laufband, als auch im Laufgang sind möglich. Ebenso kann die Messung im beliebigen Gelän-de (z.B. auf dem Sportplatz oder auf der Treppe) durchgeführt werden. Für die Messung der Kinematik finden Goniometer Verwendung. Ebenso wie bei den Druckmeß-sohlen, sind Goniometermessungen nicht ortsgebunden. Wichtig für die Entscheidung zugunsten der Goniometrie ist auch, daß diese preiswerter ist als die meisten anderen kinematischen Meß-verfahren. An das Meßsystem können noch weitere Sensoren angeschlossen werden. Mögliche Sensoren sind zum Beispiel aktive Oberflächenelektroden für Elektromyographie-Messungen oder Beschleu-nigungssensoren. Die Datenübertragung erfolgt über Funk. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe zum Erreichen des Hauptziels, bestand darin, aufbauend auf dem all-gemein anerkannten Erkenntnisstand, Gangparameter zu entwickeln, welche die verschiedenen Einzelaspekte des menschlichen Ganges hinreichend genau beschreiben. Wichtig für die Datenre-duktion war dabei die Berechnung eines für den zu Untersuchenden typischen mittleren Schrittes. Insbesondere aus der Sicht der Nutzerfreundlichkeit ist eine Datenbank für die Charakterisierung des unauffälligen Ganges erstellt worden. Der Nutzer erhält damit die Möglichkeit, seine gemesse-nen Daten mit den Daten einer gangunauffälligen Probandengruppe zu vergleichen.<br>Main goal of the thesis was the development of a gait analysis measurement system, supporting the measurement of kinetics and kinematics of the gait. For practical application were important the online-abilities of the measuring system. Criteria for development were user friendliness and low cost. The modular build of the system is meant to provide the ability for later integration of other sensors. The choice of measuring principle for the kinetics of gait were pressure measuring insoles. The following reasons led to this decision: · The measurement with insoles allows locating the pressure distribution under the foot during walking, i.e. the point of pressure can be allocated to the forefoot or heel. · The evaluation can be based on many consecutive steps. · The measurement with insoles is not bound to a place. Measurement on a tread mill as well as on a defined stretch of hall. The measurement can take place in the surrounding of choice (for example in a sporting arena or on a stairway). For the kinematic measurements were used goniometers. As with the measurements with insoles the goniometer measurements are not bound to one place. An important reason for the decision to use goniometers rather than other kinematic measurement devices was amongst others it cost effectiveness. A number of different sensors can be attached to the measurement system. Other possible sensors could be active surface electrodes for electromyographic measurements or accelerometers. The data transmission is wireless. A main task on the way to reaching the main goal, was to develop gait parameters basing on the current knowledge which describe the different aspects of human gait appropriately. An important step towards data reduction was the calculation of a typical average step for the examinee. With view towards user friendliness a data base was developed in order to facilitate the characterisation of normal gait. The user can compare his measured data to the data of a group with normal gait.
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30

Wilcox, Samuel L. "Constructing quasi-linear oxygen uptake responses from non-linear parameters." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18706.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Kinesiology<br>Thomas J. Barstow<br>Purpose: Oxygen uptake (VO2) has been shown to be controlled by a nonlinear system, yet the VO2 response to ramp style exercise appears linear. We tested the hypothesis that an integrative model incorporating nonlinear parameter values could accurately estimate actual VO2 responses to ramp style exercise. Methods: Six healthy, men completed three bouts of varying ramp rate exercise (slow ramp (SR): 15 W/min, regular ramp (RR) 30 W/min, fast ramp (FR) 60W/min) and four bouts of extended-step incremental exercise, where each step lasted 5-15 min or until volitional fatigue on a cycle ergometer on separate days. The step-responses were then fit with a simple monoexponential starting at time zero (MONO) or allowing a time delay and using only the first 5 min of data (5TD). The resulting VO2 parameters from the step protocol were incorporated into an integrative model for the estimation of the VO2 response to each of the rates of ramp incremental exercise. The parameters from the actual and model ramp protocols were compared with 2 way repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: Both Gain (G) and Mean Response Time (MRT) (or time constant) values increased significantly across work rate transitions (mean±SD; Gain:10.0±0.9, 11.6±1.1, 13.1±1.3, 17.6±3.3 ml O2/min/W; MRT:39.4±7.7, 54.0±5.4, 79.6±15.0, 180.1±56.2 s). Up to maximalVO2 the models over-estimated the actual VO2 response for FR (Gain: ACT 8.7±1.0, MONO 9.9±0.4, 5TD 10.3±0.3 ml O2/min/W). Up to 80% maximal VO2 the models accurately predicted the actual VO2 response across all ramp rates (Gain: ACT 10.7±1.1, 10.2±0.5, 9.2±1.0; MONO 11.0±0.8, 10.3±0.6, 9.2±0.5; 5TD 10.4±0.4, 10.2±0.3, 9.8±0.2 ml O2/min/W, values are listed SR,RR,FR). Conclusions: When variable parameter values (G and either MRT or time constant and time delay) were utilized by an integrative model, accurate estimations of the VO2 response to ramp incremental exercise were possible regardless of ramp rate (up to 80% maximal VO2). The increases in both G and MRT (or time constant) appear to balance each other to produce the quasi-linear VO2 responses.
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31

Morrison, Stewart C. "The impact of excessive body mass on anthropometric characteristics of the peripubescent foot and spatio-temporal parameters of peripubescent gait." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443233.

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There are indications in the relevant literature that excessive body mass has a detrimental impact upon the structure of the paediatric foot and the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. To date however the available literature is without scientific rigour and not of specific relevance from the podiatric perspective to the developing foot. The research conducted for this work was composed of three stages: (1) a pilot study to establish the intra- rater (and intra-subject) reliability of anthropometric paediatric foot assessment; (2) a population study to establish the influence of excessive body mass on anthropometric characteristics of the paediatric foot and; (3) a gait study to evaluate the influence of excessive body mass upon spatio-temporal parameters of peripubescent gait. For the pilot research thirteen subjects were measured during this stage of the research. The results indicated that the lead researcher (SM) was reliable at making repeated measures of forefoot width (weightbearing and non-weightbearing), navicular height and the Staheli Arch Index. The reliability of the measurement of navicular drop, chippaux-smirak index and valgus index is questioned. The results from stage 1 supported the inclusion of the reliable measures in stage 2 of the research where 200 peripubescent children (aged 9- 12 years) were recruited and foot assessment was conducted. It was concluded that excessive body mass led to increased foot length and foot width (p <_ 0.05). With regards to the spatio-temporal parameters of gait, 44 peripubescent children (aged 9 -11 years) were recruited in the study and this formed the 3td aspect of the research. This aspect of the research supported previous findings that obese children ambulated with increased duration of double support during gait and decreased single support during gait (p= <_ 0.05). The research also indicated that excessive body mass resulted in decreased cadence, stride length and velocity.The findings enhance indications that excessive body mass has a detrimental impact on paediatric foot structure and function. This research indicated that foot length and width are greater in children with excessive body mass and that - obese children specifically - ambulated during gait with increased double support phase and decreased single support phase. The results presented highlight a small aspect of the potential implication of excessive body mass on foot structure and function and therefore, further work is warranted
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Smith, Yvonne. "The three-dimensional kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in 6-10 year old typically developed children in the Cape Metropole A Pilot Study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97010.

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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A functional gait forms an integral part of life, allowing individuals to function within their environment and participate in activities of daily living. The evaluation of gait forms an essential part of a physical examination and can help screen for physical impairments. To the researchers‟ knowledge no 3D gait analysis studies of this nature have been conducted in South Africa. South African gait analysis laboratory protocols and procedures may differ from laboratories in other countries; therefore a South African data base of normative values is required to make a valid assessment of South African children‟s gait. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait of typically developed children between the ages of 6-10 years in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive study was conducted. Twenty-eight typically developed children were conveniently sampled from aftercare facilities and schools were performed in the Cape Metropole in the Western Cape, South Africa. The three-dimensional (3D) lower limb kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were analyzed. For data capture, the lower limb Plug-in-Gait (PIG) marker placement was used. Participants were asked to walk bare footed at self-selected speed. Due to a small sample size, children were also sub-divided into two groups (Group A: 6-8 years and Group B: 9-10 years) for comparison. Means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for all outcomes, followed by statistical tests to determine significant differences between the two sub-groups for spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the sub-groups for all the non-normalized spatiotemporal parameters. A statistical significant difference between the sub-groups for the mean hip rotation minimum values (p=0.036) was found. There was no significant difference between the sub-groups for any other kinematic parameter or when comparing the normalized spatiotemporal parameters. CONCLUSION: This study provides descriptive gait parameters that can be used for comparison or gait analysis purposes. Our results suggest that normalized spatiotemporal parameters showed no significant difference between the age groups and are consistent with international children‟s spatiotemporal parameters. Kinematic values showed significant changes with hip rotation. Older children had more external rotation at their hips. KEYWORDS: 3D gait analysis, walking, children, spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: INLEIDING: „n Funksionele stap is „n essensiële deel van die lewe wat mens toelaat om in jou omgewing te funksioneer en om deel te neem aan daaglikse aktiwiteite. Evaluasie van stap is „n belangrike deel van die fisiese evaluasie en kan help om te sif vir fisiese verswakking of abnormaliteite. So ver hierdie navorsers weet, is hierdie die eerste loop analise studie van sy soort wat in Suid-Afrika onderneem is. Suid-Afrikaanse stap-evaluasie-labrotorium protokols en prosedures mag ook dalk verskil van die in ander lande. Dus is „n Suid-Afrikaanse databasis vir normale waardes van loop nodig om „n gegronde evaluasie van Suid-Afrikaanse kinders se loopgang te kan maak. DOELWIT: Die doel van hierdie studie is om die kinematika en spatiotemporale parameters van loop te omskryf in tipies ontwikkelde kinders tussen die ouderdom van 6-10 jaar in die Kaapse Metropool en om die bevindinge tussen die twee ouderdomsgroepe te vergelyk. METODE: „n Beskrywende studie is uitgevoer. Ag-en-twintig tipies ontwikkelde kinders is van skole en nasorgfasiliteite in die Kaapse Metropool in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika gewerf. Die drie-dimensionele (3D) onderste ledemaat se kinematika en spatiotemporale parameters van loop is geanaliseer. Vir data insameling is die onderste ledemaat Plug-in-Gait (PIG) merker-plasing gebruik. Deelnemers is gevra om kaalvoet teen hulle eie spoed te stap. Die kinders is in die verskeie ouderdomsgroepe verdeel, maar as gevolg van klein toetsgroepgetalle, is hulle sub-verdeel in twee groepe (Groep A: 6-8 jaar en Groep B: 9-10 jaar). Beskrywende statistiese tegnieke is gebruik vir alle uitkoms maatreëls. Gemiddeldes en standaardafwykings (SA) was bereken, om beduidende verskille tussen die ouderdomsgroepe en sub-groepe te bepaal. RESULTATE: Daar is „n beduidende verskil tussen die jonger en ouer kinders vir nie-genormaliseerde spatiotemporale parameters, asook „n beduidende verskil tussen die sub-groepe vir die gemiddelde heuprotasie minimum waardes (p=0.036). Daar was geen beduidende verskil tussen die twee groepe met die ander kinematiese parameters of met genormaliseerde spatiotemporale parameters van die sub-groepe nie. GEVOLGTREKKING: Hierdie studie verskaf beskrywende statistiese data van stap-parameters wat gebruik kan word vir vergelyking met ander kinders van dieselfde ouderdomme of loop-analise doeleindes. Ons bevindinge stel voor dat genormaliseerde spatiotemporale parameters geen beduidende bevindings aandui tussen die verskeie ouderdomsgroepe nie. Dit is ook konsekwent met internasionale kinders se spatiotemporale parameterwaardes. Kinematisie waardes het beduidende verskille in heuprotatsie getoon. Ouer kinders het meer eksterne rotasie in hulle heupe in vergelyking met jonger kinders. Soos die kinders ontwikkel, verminder die heup-anteversie en die heup beweeg vanaf interne rotasie na „n relatiewe eksterne rotasie.
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33

Al-Talahma, Mohammad Y. M. "Investigation into the immediate effect of ankle taping on temporal spatial gait parameters and affected ankle kinematics in ambulant adult hemiplegic patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20057.

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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2012<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are considered as the most suitable lower limb orthosis to correct gait deficits related to ankle instability. AFOs are recommended to minimize gait deviations and to correct drop foot or equinus foot in hemiplegic patients. OBJECTIVES - To identify the effectiveness of different ankle orthoses and/or supports on the temporal, spatial, kinetic and kinematic gait parameters. To critically appraise the methodological quality of the included studies and to provide a description of the studies with a view to identify opportunities to improve future research quality. METHODS - Search strategy A comprehensive search was conducted between March and October 2010, and updated in August 2011. Thirteen computerized bibliographic databases were individually searched, namely PubMed Central, Cohrane Library, CINAHL, OT Seeker, SPORTDiscus, PsyARTICLE, PEDro, Proquest, Biomed Central, Science Direct, Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, and Ingenta Connect. All databases were searched since their inception. The following key terms were used: stroke, hemipleg*, assistive device*, ankle foot orthos*, AFO, (splint*), taping, and strapping. A secondary search (pearling) was conducted by screening the reference lists of all eligible full text studies. The authors of the unpublished studies were conducted to minimize publication bias. Selection criteria The following selection criteria applied: all relevant randomized and non-randomized controlled trails published in English; participants were post-stroke patients older than eighteen years; interventions included any type of ankle foot orthosis (AFO), ankle taping or strapping and ankle foot splint without any additional intervention and the comparison/control groups were limited to walking without support, either barefoot or walking with shoes only. Studies were excluded when the outcome measures did not focus on at least one of the following: temporal spatial gait parameters, kinetic gait parameters or kinematic gait parameters. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. The data was extracted by the primary reviewer and validated by a second reviewer. In event of disagreement, a third reviewer was asked to re-evaluate until consensus could be reached. Homogenous data were statistically summarized in sub-group meta-analysis using Revman© Review Manager Software. The results of heterogeneous data were summarized in a narrative form. MAIN RESULTS - The search yielded 11134 initial hits. Sixteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The studies investigated the immediate effect of various types of AFOs on a broad range of temporal spatial gait parameters mainly gait speed, cadence, stride and step length. Only two studies reported on the kinetic and six on various kinematic gait parameters. The meta-analysis yielded significant improvement in gait speed (0.06 m/s; 95% CI 0.04, 0.08. p < 00001), walking cadence (5.41; 95% CI 3.79, 7.03. p < 00001), stride length (6.67; 95% CI 3.29, 10.06. p < 00001) and step length (2.66; 95% CI 1.59, 3.72. p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION - AFOs are effective to improve mobility, gait speed, cadence, stride and step length for post-stroke patients and may have a positive impact on the daily function of post-stroke patients. . The long term benefit or adverse effects of AFOs are still inconclusive. The effectiveness of AFOs on the kinetic and the frontal- or transverse- plane joint kinematics is largely unresolved. There is insufficient evidence to either support or refute the effectiveness of taping/strapping and splinting of the ankle on hemiplegic gait. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Temporal, spatial and affected ankle kinematic gait parameters of adults with hemiplegia are significantly different from the normal able-bodied population. Enabling hemiplegic patients to walk is a major goal of rehabilitation programs. Taping of the plegic ankle could be utilized by therapists as external support of the ankle to improve foot position and placement during gait rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE - The purpose of the study was to describe the immediate effect of neutral ankle taping on temporal spatial gait parameters and ankle joint kinematics of the affected ankle in ambulant adult hemiplegic patients. METHODS - A clinical trial using a crossover randomized testing order was conducted on a convenient sample of ten ambulant hemiplegic patients at the Physiotherapy and Motion Analysis Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa. The affected ankle joint was taped in a neutral talocrural dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion and neutral hindfoot inversion/ eversion position using rigid adhesive tape (5 cm). The gait parameters were analysed according to the Plug-In Gait Model using a motion analysis system (Vicon Nexus 1.1.7; Vicon Motion System Limited, Oxford, UK). The analyses were repeated six times for each testing condition and the average values were used for further analysis. The data were analyzed using Least Square Means tests and post hoc Fisher (Least Significant Difference) LSD multiple comparison tests to determine the significant differences at 95% confidence level. RESULTS - The main results of the study indicate that taping of the affected ankle joint in a neutral position does not significantly improve (p>0.5) temporal spatial gait parameters and ankle joint kinematics in ambulant adult hemiplegic patients. The following positive trends were however found and need to be further explored in larger homogeneous study samples: ankle taping of ambulant adult hemiplegic patients has limited benefits on selected temporal parameters as ankle taping could potentially improve cadence. Ankle taping could decrease plantarflexion of the plegic leg at initial contact. CONCLUSIONS - A systematic review revealed no conclusive evidence either to support or refute the beneficial effects of ankle taping on gait parameters of ambulant adult hemiplegic patients. Ankle taping of ambulant adult hemiplegic patients has potential clinical benefits on temporal, spatial and affected ankle kinematics, gait cadence and affected leg swing and stance duration.
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34

Annoni, I. "THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL ON BIOMECHANICAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS OF TREADMILL WALKING IN NORMAL-WEIGHT AND OBESE YOUNG ADULTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/229916.

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Obesity and physical inactivity are classified as “noncommunicable disease” and causes every year millions of deaths in the world. Walking has been proposed as a valid way to fight against these diseases because it can produce substantial health benefits and also because people can easily perform it every day. AIMS: At first, we assessed if physical activity (PA) or physical fitness (PF) could affect walking economy (Net EC) and efficiency in a group of healthy normal-weight adults, separately for men and women. Secondly, we assessed the same variables in a group of obese young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 young normal-weight (14F,16M; 18.5<BMI<25 kg•m-2) and 14 obese (7F,7M; BMI>30 kg•m-2) subjects were recruited in the study. Economy (Net EC) was analyzed with indirect calorimetry and, simultaneously, total mechanical work (Wtot) was assessed with an optoelectronic system at 3.5/ 4.5/ 5.5 km•h-1. Efficiency was calculated as Wtot/Net EC. To assess PA, subjects wore an activity monitor for a whole week, inferring time spent in sedentary (SED, <1.5 METs), or moderate to vigorous (MVPA, >3 METs) physical activity. MVPA were calculated both as overall daily minutes (MVPAall) and also in bouts of at least 10 min (MVPAbouts). To assess PF, a maximal V’O2max test was performed on a treadmill with indirect calorimetry, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (iMVC) of lower limbs was measured by two force plates on horizontal leg press, flexibility (Flex) was assessed by the V-sit and reach test, and % fat mass (%FM) was evaluated with skinfold thickness (in normal-weight) or with girth measurements (in obese subjects). RESULTS: In normal-weight adults, no significant associations, adjusted for age and body mass index, were identified between PA and gait economy or efficiency. Regarding PF, in females iMVC and Flex affected efficiency (R2 = 0.73, F= 12.95, p<0.001), whereas V’O2max and iMVC were associated with economy (R2 = 0.69, F= 15.13, p<0.001). In the obese group, at a speed near the preferred one, SED (with %FM, iMVC and Flex) was positively associated with Net EC (R2 = 0.54, F= 4.04, p<0.05), whereas MVPAall was positively associated with gait efficiency (R2 = 0.32, F= 4.09, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The main findings of this study were that in normal-weight adults PA did not affect neither economy nor efficiency of treadmill walking, whereas in obese individuals SED reduced gait economy and MVPAall enhanced gait efficiency. These findings might to be considered for exercise prescription.
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35

Titarenko, Anastasia. "Indicateurs chimiques d’âge stellaire à l’ère de Gaia." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4065/document.

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Les étoiles enregistrent le passé dans leurs âges, leurs compositions chimiques et leur cinématique. Elles peuvent fournir des contraintes détaillées sur les premières époques de la formation des galaxies, jusqu’aux redshifts supérieurs à deux (un recul d’environ 10 milliards d’années). En particulier, les âges stellaires sont essentiels pour la compréhension de l’histoire de la Voie Lactée et pour la comparaison avec les modèles d’évolution galactique.L’avènement de la mission spatiale Gaia ouvre la voie à l’estimation de l’âge pour de grands échantillons d’étoiles. En particulier, les méthodes basées sur l’ajustement d’isochrones peuvent être utilisées. En plus, les distances précises mesurées par Gaia permettent de développer les estimateurs d’âge indirects basés sur l’horloge d’évolution de la population stellaire. En fait, les schémas d’abondance chimique, imprimés sur les atmosphères stellaires, représentent les conditions du gaz au moment de la formation des étoiles à des redshifts supérieurs à deux. Les produits d’évolution chimique de différents canaux nucléosynthétiques peuvent donc fournir une approximation temporelle, qui, après l’étalonnage, peut être utilisé comme un estimateur d’âge.Cette thèse est centrée sur l’utilisation d’horloge chimique particulière : l’abondance [Y/Mg]. À cette fin, les premières données astrométriques de la mission Gaia ont été combinées avec des données spectroscopiques à haute résolution du catalogue AMBRE HARPS. Tout d’abord, l’identification des objets d’AMBRE a été améliorée grâce à la correspondance avec le catalogue 2MASS et la Gaia DR1. Au total, 6776 étoiles ont été identifiées.Deuxièmement, afin d’obtenir des estimations précises du rapport d’abondance [Y/Mg] pour les étoiles du disque galactique, l’outil automatisé GAUGUIN, intégré à la chaîne Gaia DPAC APSIS, a été optimisé et testé. En particulier, les capacités d’estimation d’abondances chimiques ont été améliorées pour des grilles de spectres synthétiques irrégulières, couvrant une large gamme de paramètres atmosphériques stellaires.Troisièmement, le ratio [Y/Mg] a été estimé pour environ 2000 étoiles à partir des données spectroscopiques d’AMBRE HARPS. Les erreurs internes et externes des abondances ont été soigneusement analysées. Les étoiles étudiées appartiennent principalement aux disques mince et épais galactique, dans la gamme de métallicité allant de –1,0 dex à 0,5 dex.Quatrièmement, grâce à l’estimation d’âge basée sur l’adaptation des isochrones pour 342 "turn-off" étoiles d’échantillon, la sensibilité à l’âge du rapport [Y/Mg] a été étudié. L’analyse révèle une corrélation claire entre [Y/Mg] et l’âge pour les étoiles du disque mince de différentes métallicités. Cela correspond aux études antérieures sur les étoiles de type solaire. De plus, aucune dépendance à la métallicité avec l’âge stellaire n’est détectée, donc le ratio [Y/Mg] peut être utilisé comme un indicateur fiable d’âge. Enfin, la relation [Y/Mg] versus l’âge présente une discontinuité entre les étoiles du disque épais autour de 9–10 Gyrs. Pour ces étoiles, la corrélation est différente et a une tendance probablement plus forte avec l’âge. Cela reflète la différence dans les histoires d’évolution chimique pour les deux composantes du disque<br>Stars record the past in their ages, chemical compositions and kinematics. They can provide unprecedented detailed constraints on the early epochs of galaxy formation, back to redshifts greater than two (a look-back time of around 10 billion years). In particular, stellar ages are crucial to the understanding of the Milky Way history and for comparison with galactic evolution models. The advent of the Gaia space mission has opened the path to stellar age estimations for large samples of stars, in particular, based on isochrone fitting methods. In addition, Gaia precise distances allow to develop indirect age estimations based on the stellar population chemical evolution clock. In fact, the chemical abundance patterns imprinted on stellar atmospheres represent the gas conditions at the time of the stars’ formation back to redshifts greater than two. The chemical evolution products of different nucleosynthetic channels can therefore provide a time proxy. After calibration, it can be used as an age estimator.This thesis is focussed on the use of a particular chemical clock, the [Y/Mg] abundance. To this purpose, the astrometric Gaia mission data from the first data release was combined with high resolution spectroscopic data from the AMBRE-HARPS catalogue. First of all, the object identification of the AMBRE archival data was improved, thanks to a cross match with the 2MASS catalog, and later the Gaia DR1. In total, 6776 different stars have been identified.Secondly, in order to obtain precise estimations of the [Y/Mg] abundance ratio for galactic disc stars, the automated GAUGUIN tool integrated in the Gaia DPAC APSIS chain, has been optimized and tested. In particular, the abundance estimation capabilities of the APSIS GAUGUIN tool have been improved for irregularly distributed synthetic spectra grids, spanning a large range in stellar atmospheric parameters.Thirdly, the [Y/Mg] abundance ratio has been estimated for about 2000 stars from the AMBRE HARPS spectroscopic data. In addition, the internal and external errors of the abundances were carefully analysed. The studied stars belong mainly to the galactic thin and thick disc, in the metallicity range from --1.0 dex to 0.5 dex.Fourth, thanks to the isochrone fitting age estimations of 342 turn-off stars of the sample, the age sensitivity of the [Y/Mg] ratio has been studied. The analysis reveals a clear correlation between [Y/Mg] and age for thin disk stars of different metallicities, in synergy with previous studies of Solar type stars. In addition, no metallicity dependence with stellar age is detected, allowing to use the [Y/Mg] ratio as a reliable age proxy.Finally, the [Y/Mg] vs. age relation presents a discontinuity between thin and thick disk stars around 9–10 Gyrs. For thick disk stars, the correlation has a different zero point and probably a steeper trend with age, reflecting the different chemical evolution histories of the two disk components
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36

Posbic, Hélène. "Automatic stellar parameters determination : chemical characterization of the Galactic thick disk and preparation to the Gaia mission." Observatoire de Paris, 2012. https://hal.science/tel-02095129.

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La formation de la Voie Lactée est toujours une question ouverte. Plusieurs scénarios sont proposés. Les différents scénarios prédisent différentes caractéristiques chimiques du disque. Cette thèse a pour but de caractériser chimiquement le disque de la Voie Lactée, dans et en dehors du voisinage solaire, pour contraindre les scénarios de formation de disque. Ceci sera possible grâce à des spectres stellaires de haute résolution de 200 étoiles qui ont été observées avec le spectographe Giraffe sur le Very Large Telescope (VLT). Ces étoiles ont été sélectionnées de sorte à avoir des altitudes galactiques ǀZǀ qui couvrent en espace le disque mince et le disque épais (ǀZǀ jusqu'à 2 kpc). Un nouveau logiciel d'analyse automatique de spectres a été dévoloppé pour déterminer les paramètres stellaires de ces étoiles, plus particulièrement leurs abondances individuelles. SPADES (Stellar PArameters DEtermination Software) est basé sur une analyse raie par raie qui utilise une grille de spectres de référence synthétiques. Une des particularités de SPADES est sa capacité à calculer des spectres synthétiques à la volée. Une fois testé pour déterminer les erreurs internes et externes de la méthode, SPADES a été utilisé pour déterminer les vitesses radiales, températures effectives, gravités de surface, métallicités et abondances individuelles de l'chantillon d'étoiles. Les distances de ces étoiles ont également été déterminées. La fonction de distribution de métallicité du disque a été calculée en utilisant cet échantillon d'étoiles. Elle montre une majorité d'étoiles du disque épais, avec une transition lisse de la métallicité au niveau de l'interface disque épais/halo. Le comportement vertical de la fonction de distribution de métallicité a aussi été étudié. Un grandient vertical de metallicité dans le disque de valeur 0. 19 +/- 0. 14 dex/kpc a été marginalement détecté avec un niveau sigma de 1. 4. Les tendance de [Ti/Fe] et [Ca/Fe] par à [Fe /H] pour les étoiles à moinns de 1 kpc au dessus du plan sont en bon accord avec celles d'études précédentes. Ceci fut la conclusion de la comparaison entre ce travail et celui des auteurs : Bensby et al. (2005), Takeda (2007), et Neves et al. (2009). Le résultat principal de l'analyse est que les tendances de [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] et [Ti/Fe] vs [Fe/H] sont similaires aux basses altitudes (i. E. ǀZǀ &lt; 1 kpc) et aux altitudes plus hautes (1 &lt; ǀZǀ &lt; 2. 5 kpc). Ceci laisse suggérer que les gaz et les étoiles du disque épais ont été enrichis par la même proportion de super novae de type II et type I proche du plan Galactique et jusqu'à des altitudes de 2. 5 kpc et plus. Ces résultats appuient les scénarios de formation du disque épais du genre "collapse" ou accrétion de gaz défavorisant l'idée d'un disque épais formé par capture pendant la fusion<br>The formation of the Milky Way disk is still an open question. Many scenarios are proposed. Different formation scenarios predict different disk chemical trends. This thesis aims to chemically characterize the Milky Way disk inside and outside the solar neighbourhood, to better constrain its formation scenario. This is possible thanks to high resolution spectra of 200 disk stars observed using the Giraffe spectograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). They were selected to have galactic altitudes ǀZǀ that cover both the thin and tick disk (ǀZǀ up to 2 kpc). A new automatic spectra analysis software was developed to determine the stellar parameters, and most importantly, the elemental abundances of these stars. SPADES (Stellar PArameters DEtermination Software) is based on a line-by-line analysis using a reference grid of synthetic stellar spectra. One of its particularities is its ability to calculate synthetic spectra on-the-y. Once tested for internal and external errors, it was used to determine the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity and elemental abundances of the smple stars. The distances of these stars were also determined. The metallicity distribution function of the disk using this sample was calculated. It showed a large contribution of the disk stars and a smooth transition at the metallicity of the thick disk/halo interface. The vertivcal behaviour of the metallicity distribution function was also studied. A vertical metallicity grandient in the disk of 0. 19 +/- 0. 14 dex/kpc was marginally detected at the 1. 4 sigma level. The [Ti/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] trends for stars located at less than 1 kpc above the plane were found to be in good agreement with previous studies. This is conclusion from the comparison of this work with author's like Bensky et al. (2005), Takeda (2007), and Neves et al. (2009). The main result of the analysis is that the trends of [Ca/Fe] vs [Fe/H] and [Ti/He] vs [Fe/H] show no significant difference close (i. E. ǀZǀ &lt; 1 kpc) and farther away (1 &lt; ǀZǀ &lt; 2. 5 kpc) from the Galactic plane. This suggests that the thick disk gas and stars have been enriched by the same proportion of type II and type I super-novae from the galactic plane up to at least 2. 5 kpc. These results support thick disk formation scenarios like collapse or gas-rich accretion and disfavour a thick disc formed of stars captured during merger event
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37

Zhang, Jian. "Support Vector Machines (SVMs) Based Framework for Classification of Fallers and Non-Fallers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64189.

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The elderly population is growing at a rapid pace, and falls are a significant problem facing adults aged 65 and older in terms of both human suffering and economic losses. Falls are the leading cause of mortality among older adults, and non-fatal falls result in reduced function and poor quality of life for older adults. Although much is known about the mechanisms and contributing risk factors relevant to falls, falls still remain a significant problem associated with this age group. Therefore, new strategies and knowledge need to be introduced to understand and prevent falls. Studies show that early detection of impaired mobility is critical to the prevention of falls. In this study, the relationship between gait and postural parameters and falls among elderly participants using wearable inertial sensors was investigated. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the critical gait and postural parameters contributing to falls, then further to classify fallers and non-fallers by utilizing gait and postural parameters and machine learning techniques, e.g. support vector machines (SVMs). Additionally, as the assessment of fall risk is linked to noisy environment, it is important to understand the capability of the SVM classifier to effectively address noisy data. Therefore, the robustness of the SVM classifier was also investigated in this study. In summary, the presented work addresses several challenges through research on the following three issues: 1) the significant differences in gait and pastoral parameters between fallers and non-fallers; 2) a machine learning based framework for classification of fallers and non-fallers by using only one IMU located at the sternum; and 3) robustness of SVM classifier to classify fallers and non-fallers in a noisy environment. The machine learning based framework developed in this dissertation contribute to advancing the state-of-art in fall risk assessment by 1) classifying fallers and non-fallers from a single IMU located at the sternum; 2) developing machine learning method for classification of fallers and non-fallers; and 3) investigating the robustness of SVM classifier in a noisy environment.<br>Ph. D.
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38

Mattiaccia, Francesca. "Stima dei parametri temporali del passo tramite solette smart: validazione utilizzando pedana dinamometrica e OptoGait come gold standard." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Le solette intelligenti dell'azienda eSteps sono uno strumento che fornisce la possibilità di acquisire dati oggettivi dalla camminata dei soggetti sani o affetti da sclerosi multipla attraverso due IMU poste sotto la pianta del piede. La Gait Analysis è un ambito molto popolato da soluzioni per il riconoscimento di eventi del cammino e per l'estrazione dei parametri temporali. Dopo una prima introduzione volta a spiegare cosa fosse la Gait Anlysis e come questa sia applicata sia su soggetti sani sia su soggetti affetti da sclerosi multipla, è stato sviluppato un algoritmo con l'obiettivo di verificare quale sia la differenza tra le solette fornite dall'azienda e il gold standard (pedane di forza). Inoltre è stata testata la possibilità di utilizzare l'OptoGait (sistema a fotocellule) come gold standard. I soggetti in esame dovevano eseguire un 2 minute walking test da cui sono stati estratti i dati per l'elaborazione offline. Sono stati estratti i valori temporali di stance, stride e swing e sono stati confrontati con quanto il gold standard misurasse, in più sono stati usati per comprendere se l'Optogait fosse utilizzabile come riferimento. Sono stati messi a disposizione anche dati relativi a soggetti affetti da sclerosi multipla, questi sono stati usati per fare un confronto con i soggetti sani per comprendere se le due popolazioni avessero caratteristiche statistiche diverse o simili per riuscire a differenziarli. Inoltre, è stata fatta una valutazione ecologica per comprendere quanto i dati ottenuti fossero rappresentativi di una camminata quotidiana. Al termine di queste analisi, le solette si sono dimostrate una soluzione affidabile per l'estrazione dei parametri temporali, i dati estratti dai test di 2 minuti sono rappresentativi della camminata quotidiana e i soggetti malati sono statisticamente differenti dai soggetti sani. In più anche l'OptoGait può essere utilizzato come gold standard per le future acquisizioni.
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39

Sjögren, Jan-Ulric. "Energy performance of multifamily buildings : building characteristic and user influence." Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35598.

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<p>Today many professional property holders use different types of software for monthly energy analyses. The data is however often limited to energy and water use, that is paid for by the property holder. In year 2001, financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, the first steps were taken to create a national web based data base, eNyckeln. A property holder may then enter consumption data together with about 50 other building specific parameters to this data base in order to enable benchmarking and energy performance evaluations. Due to EU-regulations and the increasing awareness of energy and environmental issues there is a large interest in evaluating the energy performance and also to identify effective energy retrofits. The used energy performance indicator is still only the annual energy use for heating per square meter of area to let, kWh/m<sup>2</sup>,year, despite the fact that monthly data often are available. The main problem with this indicator, which is the stipulated measure, is that it reflects a lot of user influence and that only a part of the total energy use is considered. The main focus of this thesis is to explore the possibilities, based on the national data base, to extract additional energy information about multi family buildings (MFB) using monthly data in combination with different assumed consumption pattern but also to identify potential for energy savings. For the latter a multivariate method was used to identify relations between the energy use and building specific parameters. The analysis gave clear indications that the available area, the area to let, is not appropriate for normalization purposes since the remaining heated area can be significant. Due to this fact, the analysis was mainly limited to qualitative conclusions. As measure of the buildings energy characteristic, the total heat loss coefficient, <em>K<sub>tot</sub></em>,(W/ºK) is determined and the robustness for the estimate of<em> K<sub>tot</sub></em> to different assumptions of user behaviour is investigated. The result shows that the value of <em>K<sub>tot</sub></em> is fairly insensitive to different indoor temperature, use of domestic hot water and household electricity. With the addition of m<sup>2</sup> it can of course be used for benchmarking. Using the mentioned measure of the buildings energy characteristic for validating the energy performance has a clear advantage compared to the traditional kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, since the user behaviour is of minor importance. As a result of this an improved analysis of the energy performance will be obtained. A guarantee for new buildings energy performance based on this method is therefore a challenge for the building sector to develop.</p>
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40

Paiva, Cláudia. "Efeito da introdução de tarefas cognitivas nos parâmetros angulares da marcha da população idosa, medido por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática tridimensional." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17791.

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Relatório do Projecto de Investigação apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, área de especialização em Fisioterapia em Condições Músculo-Esqueléticas<br>Palavras-chave: Marcha, dupla tarefa, parâmetros angulares, idosos, sensores inerciais. Introdução: A análise cinemática da marcha tem sido amplamente estudada nas últimas décadas, quer em contexto laboratorial quer, mais recentemente, em ambulatório. A sua análise pode ser utilizada para avaliar a qualidade de vida, o estado geral de saúde e a função física da população idosa. As alterações no desempenho da marcha são responsáveis por 55% das quedas ocorridas, sendo que o facto da pessoa idosa realizar uma tarefa durante a execução da mesma (desempenho em dupla tarefa) tem sido reportado na literatura como factor explicativo das alterações dos parâmetros de marcha. Objectivo: Descrever os parâmetros angulares da marcha (designadamente ângulos articulares e velocidade angular) da população idosa, e analisar as respectivas diferenças, quando introduzidas tarefas cognitivas (memória/fluência verbal e cálculo mental) durante a realização da mesma, medidas por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática tridimensional – 3D. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo observacional, do tipo quantitativo e descritivocorrelacional, de carácter transversal e exploratório. Seleccionou-se uma amostra não probabilística, por conveniência geográfica a partir do Centro Comunitário de São Sebastião, em Setúbal, de acordo com critérios de participação previamente definidos. Os participantes realizaram marcha sem tarefa cognitiva associada (grupo Gait) e com dupla tarefa (grupos Memory e Calculation). Os dados cinematicos referentes às articulações do membro inferior foram recolhidos através do sistema Xsens MVN. Resultados: Foi considerada uma amostra de 202 ciclos de marcha realizados por 15 participantes de ambos os géneros, com uma média de idades de 75,7 anos. No que respeita aos ângulos articulares, o teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey mostra diferenças significativas entre os grupos, na articulação da anca direita na fase de apoio (p =.007); na articulação da anca esquerda na fase oscilante (p =.041) e na articulação do joelho esquerdo na fase oscilante (p =.033). Relativamente à variável velocidade angular, as diferenças são, na maioria, significativas em todas as articulações estudadas (p<.05) sendo o grupo Calculation o que apresenta menor velocidade angular, seguindo-se do grupo Memory e por fim Gait. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstra que a dupla tarefa durante a marcha da população idosa, tem implicações no seu desempenho, alterando os seus parâmetros angulares e consequentemente, a sua segurança. A velocidade angular diminui substancialmente quando introduzidas tarefas cognitivas, sobretudo tarefas de cálculo. O Xsens MVN é um sistema capaz de recolher dados cinemáticos no plano sagital, nas articulações do membro inferior, mostrando-se sensível para detectar alterações nos parâmetros angulares da marcha quando introduzidas tarefas cognitivas.
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Al-Zahrani, Khaled Sultan. "Analysis of the kinetic, kinematic and temporospatial parameters of gait, and their relationship to functional ambulation following total knee replacement using two different prosthetic designs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326745.

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42

Mazzotti, Giulia. "Validazione di algoritmi per la stima dei parametri spaziali del passo e activity recognition tramite solette smart." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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L’analisi del cammino riveste un ruolo fondamentale nel monitoraggio di diverse patologie, tra cui la Sclerosi Multipla (SM). La disabilità motoria rappresenta uno dei sintomi più comuni e invalidanti della malattia; per questo motivo, quantificare la compromissione dell’andatura è importante quando si valutano nuovi interventi per il trattamento della SM. Grazie allo sviluppo tecnologico degli ultimi anni, è possibile ottenere misure oggettive dell’andatura dei pazienti tramite l’utilizzo di sensori inerziali indossabili (IMU). Dai dati grezzi ottenuti dalle IMU è possibile estrarre i parametri spazio-temporali del passo, che risultano diversi nei controlli sani rispetto ai pazienti con SM e presentano un peggioramento con l'avanzare della malattia. Un’altra componente importante nel trattamento di diverse condizioni patologiche è il monitoraggio dell’attività quotidiana. Questo permette al medico di monitorare il livello di mobilità del paziente e quindi la sua indipendenza. Infine, il numero di passi giornalieri è un indicatore valido del comportamento di deambulazione nella vita di tutti i giorni. Questa tesi si inserisce in un lavoro di validazione dei parametri del passo misurabili tramite le solette smart di eSteps, start up che si occupa della disabilità motoria in pazienti con SM. Il lavoro ha due obiettivi principali nel contesto iniziale dell’utilizzo della strumentazione su soggetti sani: i) validazione di un algoritmo per l’estrazione di parametri cinematici del cammino quali, lunghezza del passo e velocità; ii) validazione di algoritmi di step detection e di activity recognition. I risultati ottenuti per i parametri spaziali del cammino mostrano un'accuratezza non ancora ottimale ma in linea con altri studi in letteratura. L'algoritmo per il calcolo dei passi giornalieri invece raggiunge un'accuratezza molto elevata (99%). Infine, la rete per il riconoscimento delle attività mostra un'accuratezza del 96% testandola con il dataset pubblico UMAFall.
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43

Augusto, Nádia. "Efeito da introdução de tarefas cognitivas nos parâmetros espácio-temporais da marcha em idosos medidos por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática 3D." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Saúde, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17786.

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Relatório do Projeto de Investigação apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fisioterapia, área de especialização em Fisioterapia em Condições Músculo-Esqueléticas<br>Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da introdução de tarefas cognitivas nos parâmetros espáciotemporais da marcha em idosos, através de um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática 3D fora do laboratório. Introdução: O envelhecimento das sociedades modernas e a elevada prevalência e incidência de quedas em idosos sugerem a necessidade de desenvolver medidas preventivas que assegurem a deteção precoce e a intervenção atempada das manifestações clínicas concomitantes ao envelhecimento. Muitas das quedas em idosos, ocorrem durante a marcha, particularmente em situações de dualidade de tarefas. Embora, vários estudos recorrendo a sistemas de análise cinemática 3D tenham demonstrado através do paradigma da dupla tarefa que é possível medir precocemente as alterações nos parâmetros espácio-temporais da marcha, mesmo antes dessas alterações serem percetíveis, nenhum deles examinou, se estes resultados se mantinham em condições reais onde os idosos caminham diariamente. Metodologia: Selecionou-se uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência geográfica de 15 idosos saudáveis de acordo com os critérios de inclusão definidos. Os participantes foram instruídos a caminharem ao seu ritmo habitual ao longo de 10 metros durante a realização de duas condições: (1) caminharem sem tarefa cognitiva; (2) caminharem executando duas tarefas cognitivas (tarefa de fluência verbal e tarefa aritmética). Todos os dados cinemáticos foram recolhidos numa única fase por um sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática 3D baseado em sensores inerciais. Sete parâmetros espácio-temporais foram avaliados: velocidade da passada, comprimento da passada, largura da passada, cadência, tempo de apoio, tempo de balanço e tempo de duplo apoio. Resultados: Os resultados do teste de Friedman relevaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos parâmetros temporais (velocidade da passada: c2=11,200, p=0,004; cadência: c2=24,102, p=0,000; tempo de apoio: c2=20,133, p=0,000; tempo de balanço: c2=17,733, p=0,000 e tempo de duplo apoio: c2=19,733, p=0,000) entre as duas condições estudadas, contrariamente aos parâmetros espaciais, que registaram diferenças, contudo sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O sistema ambulatório de análise cinemática 3D usado foi sensível às alterações nos parâmetros espácio-temporais da marcha em idosos durante a condição de dupla tarefa fora do laboratório, sendo as diferenças registadas apenas nos parâmetros temporais.<br>Objective: Assess the effect of introducing cognitive tasks in the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in older adults using an ambulatory system kinematic 3D analysis outside the laboratory. Introduction: The aging of modern societies and the high prevalence and incidence of falls in older adults suggest the need to develop preventive measures that ensure the early detection and timely intervention of the clinical manifestations concomitant to the aging process. Most falls in older adults occur during walking, particularly in everyday situations that require a dual-task situation. Although, several studies using 3D kinematic analysis systems, have demonstrated through the dualtask paradigm, that is possible to measure changes in the spatiotemporal gait parameters even before these changes are noticeable, none of them examined whether these results were maintained under real conditions where the elderly walk daily. Methodology: Fifteen healthy older adults (mean age=75,73±6,03 years old) were recruited from a day center by geographic convenience according to defined inclusion criteria. All participants were instructed to walk 10 meters at a self-selected rhythm under two different conditions: (1) walking without a cognitive task; (2) walking while performing two different cognitive tasks (a verbal fluency task and an arithmetic task). Seven spatiotemporal gait parameters were assessed using an ambulatory system kinematic 3D analysis based on 17 inertial sensors: stride velocity, stride length, stride width, cadence, stance time, swing time and double support time. Results: The results of the Friedman test revealed statistical significant differences between the temporal parameters of gait (stride velocity: c2=11,200, p=0,004; cadence: c2=24,102, p=0,000; stance time: c2=20,133, p=0,000; swing time: c2=17,733, p=0,000 and double support time: c2=19,733, p=0,000) and the two conditions. Unlike the spatial parameters of gait that revealed no statistical significant differences between the two conditions. Conclusion: The ambulatory system kinematic 3D analysis used was able to detect the changes in the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in older adults during the dual-task condition, outside the laboratory. The differences were found in the temporal parameters but not in the spatial parameters of gait.
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44

Chen, Chang-Hong, and 陳昶宏. "Accelerometer Only Gait Parameter Extraction With All Convolutional Neural Network." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bxv8td.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子研究所<br>106<br>Application of gait parameter extraction blow up in the last few years. For example, medical care, elderly care, sports training, and monitor of daily walking. With the appropriate gait parameter as an index, gait parameter extraction can provide many practical implementations in our daily life and help human. There were some work using the camera system for the research on the gait parameter extraction in the past. The method has the disadvantage of restricting to indoor environmental settings. There are also many double- integration methods using the data from 6-axis sensor. The gait parameter are computed through the double integration and complex algorithm of calibration. In addition to complex calibration procedures, there are also some error accumulations in the computation of gait parameter, which is inferring from the position after double integration. This thesis proposed a CNN model with a single tri-axial accelerometer to do the gait parameter extraction, including stride length, stride height, and the total moving distance. Proposed model is the all-convolutional-layer CNN model for gait parameter extraction. This thesis proposed training method for improving accuracy and reducing complexity, which has greatly reduced the training parameter and the model complexity. The relatively small filter size results in a simpler model with low computational work. Besides, it can be used in both indoor and outdoor environment instead of the complex calibration in the tradition double-integral method. Considering the improving of accuracy, data amount plays an important role in the training of the model. This thesis proposes two data augmentation methods, increasing twenty times data amount for model training. The testing results of proposed model on stride length and stride height with data augmentations both have better result. Considering the reducing of model complexity, proposed method on model simplification has greatly reduced the training parameters and model complexity. Proposed model on gait parameter extraction is done at high sampling rate 500Hz and lower sampling rate 50Hz. Besides, this thesis has successfully done the implementation on android phone and the presenting of the result in real time, which implies the feasibility in practical application. To verify the model on the result of gait parameter extraction, this thesis uses the cross validation. There are total 2154 steps walking data. The proposed work can reach the average percentage error 4.29% with the average error 3.56cm on stride length extraction. With respect to stride height extraction, proposed model can reach the average percentage error 11.65% with the average error 0.63cm. Moreover, the percentage error of total walking distance estimation is 0.1% with 1689 meters.
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45

Rushdi, Kazi. "Experimental study on passive dynamic bipedal walking: effects of parameter changes on gait patterns." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4902.

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Passive dynamic walking is a gait developed, partially or in whole, by the energy provided by gravity. Research on passive dynamic bipedal walking helps develop an understanding of bipedal walking mechanics. Moreover, experimental passive dynamic research provides a base to compare and validate simulation results. An improved kneed bipedal walking mechanism and an improved measurement system are used to study the passive gait patterns. Gait measurements are conducted on the treadmill to evaluate the effects of the treadmill angle of inclination, mass distribution of the biped, treadmill belt speed, length of flat feet and thigh-shank length on the gait patterns. Most of these dynamic and geometric parameters have significant effects on step length, step period and robustness of the passive gait. Difficulties have been faced with the study of the flat feet and the leg length variation. Suggestions have been provided for future work. Experimental results are compared with previous work based on both the experimental and the computer simulation.
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Hsuan, Shou Yu, and 宣守昱. "Application of Six-axis Kinematics and Foot Pressure Sensing in Gait Parameter Estimation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/babh77.

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BERTOLI, MATILDE. "Gait characterization using wearable inertial sensors in healthy and pathological populations." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1244243.

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Gait analysis is emerging as an effective tool to detect an incipient neurodegenerative disease or to monitor its progression. It has been shown that gait disturbances are an early indicator for cognitive impairments and can predict progression to neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, gait performance is a predictor of fall status, morbidity and mortality. Instrumented gait analysis provides quantitative measures to support the investigation of gait pathologies and the definition of targeted rehabilitation programs. In this framework, technologies such as inertial sensors are well accepted, and increasingly employed, as tools to characterize locomotion patterns and their variability in research settings. The general aim of this thesis is the evaluation, comparison and refinement of methods for gait characterization using magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs), in order to contribute to the migration of instrumented gait analysis from state of the art to state of the science (i.e.: from research towards its application in standard clinical practice). At first, methods for the estimation of spatio-temporal parameters during straight gait were investigated. Such parameters are in fact generally recognized as key metrics for an objective evaluation of gait and a quantitative assessment of clinical outcomes. Although several methods for their estimate have been proposed, few provided a thorough validation. Therefore an error analysis across different pathologies, multiple clinical centers and large sample size was conducted to further validate a previously presented method (TEADRIP). Results confirmed the applicability and robustness of the TEADRIP method. The combination of good performance, reliability and range of usage indicate that the TEADRIP method can be effectively adopted for gait spatio-temporal parameter estimation in the routine clinical practice. However, while traditionally gait analysis is applied to straight walking, several clinical motor tests include turns between straight gait segments. Furthermore, turning is used to evaluate subjects’ motor ability in more challenging circumstances. The second part of the research therefore headed towards the application of gait analysis on turning, both to segment it (i.e.: distinguish turns and straight walking bouts) and to specifically characterize it. Methods for turn identification based on a single MIMU attached to the trunk were implemented and their performance across pathological populations was evaluated. Focusing on Parkinson’s Disease (PD) subjects, turn characterization was also addressed in terms of onset and duration, using MIMUs positioned both on the trunk and on the ankles. Results showed that in PD population turn characterization with the sensors at the ankles lacks of precision, but that a single MIMU positioned on the low back is functional for turn identification. The development and validation of the methods considered in these works allowed for their application to clinical studies, in particular supporting the spatio-temporal parameters analysis in a PD treatment assessment and the investigation of turning characteristic in PD subjects with Freezing of Gait. In the first application, comparing the pre and post parameters it was possible to objectively determine the effectiveness of a rehabilitation treatment. In the second application, quantitative measures confirmed that in PD subjects with Freezing of Gait turning 360° in place is further compromised (and requires additional cognitive effort) compared to turning 180° while walking.
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48

"Temporal gait parameters captured by surface electromyography measurement." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549206.

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本論文以表面肌電（Surface Electromypgraphy, SEMG）信號中動態信號能被獲取為前提，把被處理過的表面肌電信號轉變成步態參數 (gait parameters). 我們利用一些便攜式步態測量裝置，如加速度計，陀螺儀和腳踏開關和表面肌電圖測量裝置去採集步態參數。信號的處理和生物信息（身體的動態特性）轉換都加以討論和解釋，如濾波和預測肌肉的收縮等。<br>我們利用被採集步態參數作步態分析，並發現表面肌電信號內的動態信號的頻率特性能夠代表運動過程中的非恆久步態參數，如行走時的足部擺動的期間 (period of swing phase)、行走時的足部站立的期間 (period of stance phase) 和行走時的步幅期間 (period of stride)。<br>最後，我們發現可以利用線性預測 (linear prediction) 和閾值分析 (threshold analysis) 處理表面肌電信號以便獲得三種非恆久步態參數。根據我們的觀察，行走時足部擺動的期間可以被股直肌（rectus femoris, RF）的表面肌電信號捕獲，行走時的步幅期間可以被二頭肌股（bicep femoris, BF）的表面肌電信號捕獲，而行走時的足部站立的期間則可由BF和RF輸出的結果的平均值所捕獲。因此，表面肌電信號是可以作為一種獲取非恆久步態參數的工具。<br>Electromyography (EMG) signal is an important quantity for describing the muscle’s activities and provides additional information in describing movement and locomotion in gait analysis. Surface electromyography (SEMG) measurement is a non-vivo technology for acquiring EMG signal. During the measurement of SEMG signals, the motion artifact is captured. Filters are applied to eliminate the frequency characteristics of motion artifact. However, this unwanted signal could be useful for obtaining the temporal gait parameters during the movement, such as the period of swing phase, the period of stance phase, and the period of stride of free walking.<br>In this study, accelerometers, gyroscopes and foot switches are used for the acquisition of kinematics and surface electromyography is used for measuring muscle’s activities. These measurement devices are evaluated in a gait study on lower extremity. The signal processing and conversion of bio-information (the dynamic characteristics of body) are discussed, such as filtering, and the prediction of muscle’s contraction.<br>Lastly, temporal gait parameters could be captured by SEMG measurement with the linear prediction process and threshold analysis. From the results, it is observed that the swing period can be captured through the SEMG measurement for rectus femoris (RF), the stride period can be captured by the SEMG measurement for bicep femoris (BF), and the stance period can be captured by the averaged result of the outputs of BF and RF. Thus, SEMG measurement could be a tool for capturing temporal gait parameters.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Detailed summary in vernacular field only.<br>Chan, Chi Chong.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).<br>Abstracts also in Chinese.<br>Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.5<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Description --- p.5<br>Chapter 2 --- Description for Wearable Gait Measurement --- p.7<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Wearable Sensors --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Surface Electromyography (SEMG) --- p.12<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Processing Unit --- p.15<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Hardware Connection and Communication --- p.16<br>Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.20<br>Chapter 3 --- Gait Analysis for Lower Extremity during Walking --- p.21<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Gait Parameters Captured by Wearable Sensors --- p.21<br>Chapter 3.1.1 --- Foot Switch: Walking Phase Detection --- p.22<br>Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gyroscope: Frequency Response of Lower Limbs during Walking --- p.24<br>Chapter 3.1.3 --- Accelerometer: Knee Joint Angle Estimation during Walking --- p.30<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Analysis of Muscle Activities by SEMG signals --- p.36<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.42<br>Chapter 4 --- Temporal Gait Parameters during Walking by SEMG Measurement --- p.43<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Motion Event and SEMG Signals --- p.43<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Walking Phase Detection by SEMG Signals --- p.49<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Temporal Gait Parameters --- p.53<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.62<br>Chapter 5 --- Conclusions, Contributions and Future Work --- p.63<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusions --- p.63<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Contributions --- p.64<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Future Work --- p.65<br>Bibliography --- p.67
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Yang, Yi-Ting, and 楊貽婷. "Investigation on significance of parameters for gait recognition." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57664670281303683199.

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Chen, Yi-Hua, and 陳怡樺. "Development of a Wearable Gait Symmetry Evaluation System for Identifying Gait Symmetry by Multi-Parameters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19567261677207561730.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程系所<br>101<br>Hemiplegia is commonly caused by stroke and usually leads to an asymmetrical gait. Both before and after rehabilitation, gait assessments need to be made to determine whether the patients can do rehabilitation or how effective the rehabilitation program was. Among all gait assessments, symmetry is an important gait characteristic. Previous researchers have used inertial sensors to quantify gait symmetry, but there has been no previous study using whole waveform patterns of one stride to quantify gait symmetry in swing phase and stance phase, separately. Based on different muscle activation sequences and different implications in two phases, it is significant to quantify them separately. Therefore, we aim to develop a wearable sensor system to determine gait symmetry of thighs and shanks in these phases, separately. This easily programmable and lightweight system can be used to evaluate symmetry immediately and be used by therapists easily. An eight-camera motion capture system was used to verify the angular velocity obtained by the IMU of our developed system in sagittal plane, and we used normalized root-mean-square error to calculate the error between the two systems. Furthermore, we evaluated gait symmetry against not only thighs and shanks but also stance phase and swing phase. Three approaches were used to evaluate gait symmetry: cross-correlation, area difference and time difference. Cross-correlation and area difference are used to evaluate the waveform patterns generated by two legs over a period of time. Four pairs of angular velocity signal, which are measured from thigh in stance phase, thigh in swing phase, shank in stance phase and shank in swing phase, can be obtained in one stride of two legs. A pair of signal can be calculated to three kinds of symmetry values by IV three approaches. Eight intact healthy males (24±2 yrs, 172±6cm, 67±7kg) and two hemiparetic subjects (one male, 62yrs, 172cm, 73.5kg, Brunnstrom stage: V; one female, 47yrs, 160cm, 65.5kg, Brunnstrom stage: III) were recruited to attend the experiments. Every subject completed three trials at comfortable speed. Four strides in the middle of gaits were evaluated in each trial. The errors between motion capture and inertial sensors are 5~8%, and these values are acceptable. In clinical test, the results of the subject in Brunnstrom stage V show that the symmetry values are lower than the 95% confidence interval (CI) of intact subjects, except the values of cross-correlation. It might represent that cross-correlation is less sensitive to asymmetry gait. Besides, all the symmetry values of the hemiparetic subject in Brunnstrom stage III are less than the symmetry values of the other hemiparetic subject and the intact subjects. The values are all lower than the 95% CI of the intact subjects. This research has successfully developed a wearable sensor system to determine gait symmetry in stance phase and swing phase, separately. The system can be used easily to evaluate gait symmetry more objective and more quantitative to be provided in clinical use.
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