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Journal articles on the topic 'Gaiter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rashid, P., M. C. Stacey, S. E. Hoskin, and C. A. Pearce. "The Effect of Probe Position, Calf Muscle Function and Lipodermatosclerosis on Photoplethysmographic Venous Refilling Time." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559601100402.

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Objective: To assess the influence of probe position, lipodermatosclerosis and method of calf muscle emptying on the venous refilling time as measured by photoplethysmography in both normal limbs and limbs with chronic venous disease. Design: Prospective evaluation of age- and sex-matched control and study groups. Setting: University Department of Surgery, Vascular Research Laboratory, Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia. Patients: There were 38 controls and 31 patients with venous ulceration. Interventions: Venous refilling times were measured in six positions on the leg in all subjects: the foot, 5 cm below medial tibial condyle in the upper calf, and in the gaiter region on the medial, lateral, anterior and posterior positions at 7.5 cm above the medial malleolus. Measurements were undertaken on active exercise and after bimanual calf compression in the medial gaiter region. Measurements were also undertaken in areas of lipodermatosclerotic skin and in normal-appearing adjacent skin. Results: In normal legs, the lowest refilling times were in the anterior and lateral gaiter positions. Venous patients had a shorter refilling time in the dorsal foot, medial gaiter, posterior gaiter and medial below-knee positions, when compared with controls (Mann–Whitney U-test, p<0.01). The shortest refilling time in patients with venous disease was in the medial gaiter region. Refilling time was slightly prolonged over Hpodermatosclerotic skin compared with adjacent normal-looking skin. Refilling time measured after passive emptying of the calf muscle by external compression was significantly prolonged compared with calf emptying by active calf compression ( p<0.01). This change was similar for both groups. Conclusions: When using venous refilling time on photoplethysmography to distinguish venous from normal limbs, the best separation is in the medial gaiter position. If other probe sites or methods of calf emptying are to be employed, it is imperative that individual laboratory normal ranges be established for the particular method being employed.

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2

Bugnion, François. "The arrival of Bourbaki's army at Les Verrières: The internment of the First French Army in Switzerland on 1 February 1871." International Review of the Red Cross 36, no. 311 (April 1996): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400084084.

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3

McCollum, P. T. "Oxygen tension on the skin of the gaiter area of limbs with disease." British Journal of Surgery 73, no. 1 (January 1986): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800730137.

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4

Patel, BhavinMahendrabhai, Nirav Vaghela, and Deepak Ganjiwale. "Walking ability in stroke patients using knee gaiter and suspended walker for gait training." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 6, no. 4 (2017): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_133_17.

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5

Malone, James M. "Oxygen tension on the skin of the gaiter area of limbs with venous disease." Journal of Vascular Surgery 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(86)90210-7.

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6

Clyne, C. A. C., W. H. Ramsden, A. D. B. Chant, and J. H. H. Webster. "Oxygen tension on the skin of the gaiter area of limbs with venous disease." British Journal of Surgery 72, no. 8 (August 1985): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800720820.

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7

Syaifuddin, Muhammad, S. Th Susilowati, and Angelia Vrecika. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Leg-Gaiter Splint terhadap Spastisitas Knee Flexor pada Pasien Anak Spastic Cerebral Palsy." Jurnal Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v7i2.201.

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8

Bull, R., G. Ansell, A. W. B. Stanton, J. R. Levick, and P. S. Mortimer. "Normal Cutaneous Microcirculation in Gaiter Zone (Ulcer-Susceptible Skin) versus Nearby Regions in Healthy Young Adults." International Journal of Microcirculation 15, no. 2 (1995): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000178952.

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9

Isaq Rzayeva, Solmaz. "Impact of hydrological factors on human health and the spread of disease." SCIENTIFIC WORK 58, no. 9 (October 10, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/58/72-76.

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In the article in addition to the description of the state of hydrological and geochemical factors, related to the ecogeographic environment, the influence of the ecological-chemical environment on the spread of public health was revealed. The analysis of the influence of the medical-geographical environment on the occurrence and spread of diseases was given. Key words: hydrology, non-infection diseases, eco-geographical condition, endemic gaiter, infectious diseases, ecology geochemical, environmental, medical geography condition

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10

Millet, Claire, Matthieu Roustit, Sophie Blaise, and Jean-Luc Cracowski. "Aging is associated with a diminished axon reflex response to local heating on the gaiter skin area." Microvascular Research 84, no. 3 (November 2012): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2012.06.009.

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11

Allen, Ethan E., and David Crews. "Sexual Behavior and 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake in Male Red-Sided Gaiter Snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 40, no. 1 (1992): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113899.

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12

Phair, J., E. Trestman, and J. Stableford. "Venous status ulcers due to congenital agenesis of the inferior vena cava in a 16-year-old male." Vascular 24, no. 1 (May 13, 2015): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538115587453.

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We report a case of agenesis of the infrarenal inferior vena cava in a 16-year-old male presenting with venous stasis dermatitis and ulceration in the gaiter region bilaterally. Duplex imaging was performed revealing absence of infrarenal inferior vena cava and iliofemoral venous system. Magnetic resonance venography then confirmed the above findings along with revealing extensive lumbar and pelvic collateralization. This patient’s condition has been successfully managed conservatively with compression therapy and wound care. This case is a rare example of a congenital malformation of the inferior vena cava and represents the only reported case with presenting symptoms of venous stasis ulceration in a pediatric patient.

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Porch, Douglas, and Thomas J. Adriance. "The Last Gaiter Button: A Study of the Mobilization and Concentration of the French Army in the War of 1870." American Historical Review 94, no. 5 (December 1989): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906447.

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14

Cheatle, T. R., G. M. McMullin, J. Farrah, P. D. Coleridge Smith, and J. H. Scurr. "Three Tests of Microcirculatory Function in the Evaluation of Treatment for Chronic Venous Insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559000500304.

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No investigation exists which has been shown to detect accurately microcirculatory improvement following treatment for chronic venous insufficiency. This study examines three possible techniques for doing so. Fourteen patients with chronic venous insufficiency and fourteen controls underwent measurement of transcutaneous PO2, 133xenon clearance from the skin and subcutaneous tissues and laser–Doppler flowmetry in the gaiter region. Patients with venous disease then followed a regime of intermittent pneumatic compression for 4 h each day for 4 weeks. The same measurements were then repeated. Xenon clearance from subcutaneous fat and the time taken to reach maximal laser–Doppler flow after release of a tourniquet showed a significant improvement after compression treatment. These tests may be useful as parameters in the objective monitoring of response to treatment in patients with liposclerotic skin.

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Davies, A. H., A. J. Hawdon, R. M. Greenhalgh, and S. Thompson. "Failure of a trial evaluating the effect of venous surgery on healing and recurrence rates in venous ulcers? The USABLE trial: rationale, design and methodology, and reasons for failure." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0268355041753371.

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Objective: This Medical Research Council funded trial was set up to investigate whether venous surgery provided any additional benefit in the healing and recurrence rates of venous ulcers over compression bandaging alone. Methods: Ulcer surgery as adjuvant to compression bandaging for leg ulcers (USABLE) was a multicentre, randomized controlled trial, which planned to recruit 1000 venous ulcer patients to receive either compression bandaging alone or compression bandaging plus venous surgery. Follow up recorded ulcer healing, recurrence and patient quality of life. Results: Recruitment was slow, and involved screening a large number of patients (759) with only 75 randomized over an 18-month recruitment period. Conclusions: The results would infer that surgery is unlikely to be a management option for the majority of patients presenting to a hospital with a gaiter area leg ulcer.

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Luthra, Luv, Rajendra Prasad, Ranjith Kumar, Nivedita Mitta, and Tinku Varghese. "Role of Four Layer Compression Dressings in Management of Chronic Venous Ulcers." International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences 5, no. 02 (July 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708222.

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Abstract Introduction Nonhealing venous ulcers are one of the most common forms of lower extremity ulcers in the present population. It is cumbersome to treat and is associated with high-morbidity and immense treatment expenses. The current treatments include compression therapy. Four-layer compression dressings have proven to be an effective treatment for venous ulcers. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four-layer compression dressings and to study the rate of healing and duration of treatment with four-layer compression dressings. Materials and Methods A prospective randomized study conducted at MS Ramaiah Medical college which included 70 patients who completed the course of weekly dressings depending on the size of ulcer. The regular four-layer dressings were done by a trained podiatrist in vascular outpatient department (OPD) once a week. The area of the ulcer was calculated using the modified Gilmen formula. Results A total of 70 patients who were compliant with the treatment were included in the study. A considerable percentage (74%) of patients were male and all the ulcers were located at the gaiter area. Most belonged to the age group between 41 to 50 years (25%). The healing rate of ulcers at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks were 46.87, 28.12, and 25%, respectively. At the end of 12 weeks, all the ulcers healed.

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Ruckley, C. V., J. J. Dale, B. Gibson, D. Brown, A. J. Lee, and R. J. Prescott. "Evaluation of Compression Therapy: Comparison of Three Sub-bandage Pressure Measuring Devices." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 17, no. 2 (June 2002): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835550201700203.

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Objective: To compare the consistency of the pressure measurements and the practical aspects of three manometers (Salzman MST; Oxford Talley and Diastron) measuring sub-bandage pressures. Methods: Five bandages (tubular elastic straight, tubular elastic graduated, short stretch non-elastic, long stretch elastic, cohesive elastic) were applied to standard models comprising foam-covered 9.5 cm, 12.5 cm diameter plastic tubes and a cone by a single expert bandager using a standard spiral technique with 50% overlap for the non-tubular bandages (NTB). The probes of all three machines were positioned at equidistant points around the circumference of each model at three levels corresponding to the ankle, gaiter and mid-calf measuring points of the MST probe. Two readings were taken for each of three separate applications of each bandage. Statistical analysis utilised ANOVA with Bartlett's test. Results. A total of 135 readings were made for each machine and 81 for each type of bandage. Mean pressures among the five bandages types ranged from 12.2 to 35.5 mmHg. A pressure gradient was apparent when NTB bandaging the straight tubes (means 24.7, 23.5, 22.4 mmHg) but not with the cone. There was a statistically significant difference between the three machines (Bartlett's test 23.6, p<0.0001), with the lowest variances for the MST and similar variances for the Oxford and Diastron. Conclusion. In terms of measurement variance this experiment indicates that the MST is the preferred machine for future experiments.

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Templeman, James N., Patricia S. Denbrook, and Linda E. Sibert. "Virtual Locomotion: Walking in Place through Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 8, no. 6 (December 1999): 598–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474699566512.

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This paper presents both an analysis of requirements for user control over simulated locomotion and a new control technique designed to meet these requirements. The goal is to allow the user to move through virtual environments in as similar a manner as possible to walking through the real world. We approach this problem by examining the interrelationships between motion control and the other actions people use to act, sense, and react to their environment. If the interactions between control actions and sensory feedback can be made comparable to those of actions in the real world, then there is hope for constructing an effective new technique. Candidate solutions are reviewed once the analysis is developed. This analysis leads to a promising new design for a sensor-based virtual locomotion called Gaiter. The new control allows users to direct their movement through virtual environments by stepping in place. The movement of a person's legs is sensed, and in-place walking is treated as a gesture indicating the user intends to take a virtual step. More specifically, the movement of the user's legs determines the direction, extent, and timing of their movement through virtual environments. Tying virtual locomotion to leg motion allows a person to step in any direction and control the stride length and cadence of his virtual steps. The user can walk straight, turn in place, and turn while advancing. Motion is expressed in a body-centric coordinate system similar to that of actual stepping. The system can discriminate between gestural and actual steps, so both types of steps can be intermixed.

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Shami, S. K., S. J. Chittenden, J. H. Scurr, and P. D. Coleridge Smith. "Skin Blood Flow in Chronic Venous Insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 8, no. 2 (June 1993): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559300800207.

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Objective: To evaluate the skin temperature, laser Doppler flux (LDF), concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) and speed of blood cells (SBC) in the liposclerotic and clinically normal skin of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Design: Parallel groups study comparing patients with chronic venous insufficiency with control subjects. Setting: Vascular laboratory, Middlesex Hospital, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, UK. Participants: Twenty patients with lipodermatosclerosis and chronic venous insufficiency comprised the disease group, and 15 subjects without venous disease comprised the control group. Main outcome measures: The skin temperature, LDF, CMBC and SBC were assessed in the gaiter area and on the dorsum of the foot. Results: A higher LDF (median LDF and interquartile range (IQR) = 132 (66–289), p = 0.001 (Mann-Whitney) and skin temperature (Median temperature and IQR = 31.1 (29.6–32.4), p = 0.001) was found in the liposclerotic skin of patients with chronic venous insufficiency compared with normal controls (median LDF and IQR = 49 (32–58); median temperature and IQR = 28 (27–30.3)). Similarly the LDF on the dorsum of the foot (median LDF and IQR = 73 (59–127), p = 0.03) and skin temperature on the dorsum of the foot (median temperature and IQR = 31.1 (30.4–32.1), p = 0.002) was significantly higher in the patients with chronic venous insufficiency compared with normal controls (median LDF and IQR = 55 (36–66), median temperature and IQR = 29.5 (26.7–30.7)). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there is increased skin blood flow in both liposclerotic skin and clinically normal skin in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

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Tiwary, Satyendra K., Praveen KG Kumar, Neeraj Dhameeja, Puneet Kumar, Ajay K. Khanna, and Soumya Khanna. "Assessment and grading of pigmentation in chronic venous insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 35, no. 6 (November 8, 2019): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355519885471.

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Introduction Chronic venous insufficiency causes skin pigmentation of the leg ranging from small patches of mild dyschromia to extensive areas of severe skin pigmentation. It is thought that the pigmentation is mainly due to haemosiderin or melanin deposition. Erythrodiapedesis which occurs as a result of venular hypertension causes erythrocytes to migrate across the microvascular network into the dermis. Methods We categorized the grading of pigmentation into four grades: +, few spots; ++, pigmentation over gaiter area; +++, pigmentation involving leg and ankle; ++++, heavily pigmented (dark). Skin biopsies were taken from the patient while undergoing surgery; two biopsies were taken from each patient, one from apparently normal skin and other from the site of pigmentation. A total of 45 patients diagnosed as chronic venous insufficiency with pigmentation were included in the study and five patients included in control. The biopsy specimens were sent to pathology department for H&E, Perls stain and IHC for S100. Results Majority of cases, i.e. 62% of limbs fall under (++) grade of pigmentation, followed by (+) grade of pigmentation in 20%, while (+++) and (++++) constitute 9% of the cases each. Increased melanin deposition was seen in 40 pigmented skin biopsies and 3 normal skin biopsies from the case group, and normal melanin deposition was seen in all the non-varicose controls. Conclusion We have tried to categorize pigmentation in chronic venous insufficiency into four grades. As the grade of pigmentation increases the per cent of cases with ulceration is increasing. It was observed that presence of melanin deposition irrespective of the grade of pigmentation was distributed more towards the advanced clinical classification (C5 and C6).

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Mosti, G., V. Mattaliano, and H. Partsch. "Inelastic compression increases venous ejection fraction more than elastic bandages in patients with superficial venous reflux." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 23, no. 6 (December 2008): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2008.008009.

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Aim To investigate the influence of compression bandages, manufactured using materials with different elastic properties, on the impaired venous pumping function in patients with venous insufficiency. Methods Ejection volume (EV) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured using strain gauge plethysmography distal from the patella without and with elastic and inelastic compression bandages in a total of 30 patients with major venous reflux in the great saphenous vein. The interface pressure of the bandages was measured simultaneously in the medial gaiter area. Normal values of EV and EF were obtained from 15 healthy controls. Results Patients with venous insufficiency showed a statistically significant reduction of EV and EF compared to controls. Elastic bandages with an average pressure of 42 mm Hg in the supine position achieved a moderate increase of EV and a significant improvement of EF (p < .01), while inelastic bandages applied with comparable resting pressure (41 mm Hg) raised EV and EF into a normal range (p < .001). The improvement of the ejection fraction correlates well with the pressure differences between standing and lying (Static Stiffness Index) and between muscle systole and diastole during exercise (Pearson r = 0.69 and 0.74 respectively, p < .001). Elastic bandages applied with high stretch in order to achieve standing pressures comparable to those of inelastic bandages (>60 mm Hg) led only to a minor improvement of the venous pumping function. Conclusions Ejected volume and ejection fraction, which are severely reduced in venous insufficiency, can be increased by compression therapy. Inelastic compression is much more effective than elastic bandages, and is able to normalize venous pumping function. With elastic bandages EV and EF always remain below the normal range even when applied with high stretch producing a resting pressure that is barely tolerable.

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22

Gaither, Renoir. "[Poetry]: Renoir Gaither." African American Review 31, no. 1 (1997): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3042183.

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Ruckley, C. V., J. J. Dale, B. Gibson, D. Brown, A. J. Lee, and R. J. Prescott. "Multi-layer compression: comparison of four different four-layer bandage systems applied to the leg." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/026835503322381324.

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Objective: To compare on standardized laboratory models the performance of four commercially available four-layer bandage systems. Methods: Four experienced bandagers applied each of the four systems [Profore® Regular (Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK), Ultra Four (Robinsons, Chesterfield, UK), System 4 (SSL International, Knutsford, UK) and K-Four® (Parema, Loughborough, UK)] to two models: a 12.5 cm diameter padded cylinder and a 9.5-14.5 cm padded cone. Bandages were applied individually in single layers and as a completed system using standard application techniques. Pressures were measured by the Borgnis Medical Stocking Tester at positions corresponding to ankle, gaiter and mid-calf areas as determined by the pressure sensor. Results: A total of 768 observations were made: 384 for each model, 192 for each bandaging system, 192 for each bandager and 128 for each measuring point. The increase in pressure produced by each additional layer was in the range of 50-60% of the pressure achieved by the same bandage when used as a single layer. Each bandage system and each bandager produced a gradient of final mean pressure irrespective of whether the bandage was applied to a cylinder or a cone. However, there were no significant differences in the gradients between the four bandage systems or between the four bandagers. There were significant differences in the final pressures achieved among the bandage systems when applied as completed systems (mean: Profore® = 42 mmHg; System 4 = 45 mmHg; K-Four® = 48 mmHg; and Ultra Four = 51 mmHg; P<0.001). Conclusions: These results challenge a commonly-held assumption concerning the additive effect of pressures generated by successive bandage layers. When applied as part of a multi-layered system each bandage adds just over half the pressure achieved by the same bandage when applied alone. The four completed systems produced pressures within a range appropriate for ulcer therapy, although there were significant differences in mean pressures. This capability of the systems to produce different pressures could be clinically important in the hands of inexperienced bandagers or with patients at risk of pressure damage..

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Toro, Brigitte. "Gaiters for Down's Children." Physiotherapy 74, no. 7 (July 1988): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)63227-0.

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25

GUARIGLIA, OSVALDO. "KONRAD GAISER (1929-1988)." Méthexis 2, no. 1 (March 30, 1989): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680974-90000029.

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Lisi, Francisco L. "K. Gaiser, Gesammelte Schriften." Études platoniciennes, no. 2 (June 16, 2006): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesplatoniciennes.1087.

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Göçerler, Hakan, Bernhard Pfeil, Friedrich Franek, Christoph Bauer, Eugenia Niculescu-Morzsa, and Stefan Nehrer. "The dominance of water on lubrication properties of articular joints." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2019-0064.

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Purpose The paper aims to focus on the individual contribution of water to the lubrication regimes in articular joints because understanding of these regimes is crucial not only for the treatment of diseases like osteoarthritis but also for the development of new implants to have a longer service cycle. Design/methodology/approach Cartilage specimen and the synovial fluid were both isolated from bovine knee joints that are enclosed by a synovial membrane under sterile conditions of a biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) cabinet. Subchondral bone was removed from the cartilage because it not only creates a stable base to place the specimen on the holder, but it also acts as a primary shock absorber protecting the overlaying cartilage under high-impact loads. A specimen holder specially designed for tests and was attached to the linear oscillation (SRV) test machine. The SRV test machine provides a reciprocating sliding motion between the cartilage samples that are submerged into the selected biological media. The entire system can be mounted on the BSL2 cabinet, sealed with the convoluted gaiter and transported to the SRV machine with a specifically designed handle for the entire system. The process ensures sterile conditions for tests on biological samples that are highly sensitive to the environmental conditions. Findings A remarkably low coefficient of friction value for distilled water constitutes more evidence to support the assumption of the impact of water in the friction behaviour of the cartilage-against-cartilage contact. As the fluid in articular cartilage (AC) effectively serves as a synovial fluid reserve and 70-80 per cent of its composition is distilled water, it can be stated that the tribotest system mimics the natural working conditions of an actual knee joint adequately. Research limitations/implications Time and limited availability of the animal-driven samples led to a focus on certain parameters mentioned in the approach. A planned scan of parameter matrix, such as variation of load and speed, would allow deeper knowledge on the lubrication regimes. Practical implications Study of relevant tribological contact in human joints might give ideas on new designs for artificial joints. Social implications Understanding of lubrication regimes is crucial not only for the treatment of diseases like osteoarthritis but also for the development of new implants to adapt motion of related joint. Originality/value Exclusion of water and application as the primary lubricant in the test system brings a new perspective to joint lubrication.

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Rearden, Steven L. "Reassessing the Gaither Report's Role." Diplomatic History 25, no. 1 (January 2001): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0145-2096.00256.

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Woods, Vincent, and Jorge Casanova. "Pipers' tunes / Ritmos de gaitero." Sirena: poesia, arte y critica 2006, no. 1 (2006): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sir.2006.0111.

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Kobayashi, Shigeru. "A Journey Around the Gainer Toolkit." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 64, no. 11 (2010): 1598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.64.1598.

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Escartín Gual, Montserrat. "Carmen Martín Gaite: la escritura terapéutica." Revista de literatura 76, no. 152 (December 30, 2014): 575–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revliteratura.2014.02.022.

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Silva, F. S., S. K. M. Melo, H. E. C. C. C. Manso, J. M. G. Abreu, and H. C. Manso Filho. "Heart rate and blood biomarkers in Brazilian gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140003.

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There is little information about biochemical and physiological parameters in Brazilian gaited horses that could be used to develop training and performance evaluation programs. The aims of the current study were to evaluate heart rate (HR) and blood biomarkers in gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test (SGT). Sixteen horses were used to develop an SGT (10 min of warming up, 30 min of marcha gait and 15 min of recovery). Blood samples and HR were collected at rest, after warming up, after 15 (F+15) and 30 (F+30) min of marcha, and after the recovery period. The following blood parameters were measured: glucose, lactate, total plasma protein, haematocrit, urea, creatinine, glutamine, glutamate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl and K. HR measurement was carried out using an HR monitor. The results were analysed using one- and two-way ANOVA tests, and post-hoc Holm-Sidak tests. Student's t-tests were used to compare means, and the Pearson's test was utilised for correlation analyses. Glucose and lactate increased during SGT (P<0.05), and a statistically significant interaction between phase of SGT and fitness level was observed for glucose. Additionally, haematocrit, total plasma protein, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, P and K were elevated (P<0.05), and a reduction of Ca was detected during the SGT (P<0.05). HR increased from ∼47 bpm at rest to ∼140 bpm at F+15 and F+30 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the HR and energetic biomarkers were increased during the SGT. HR was under the limit variation for values considered as submaximal for aerobic exercises in gaited horses during SGT. Additionally, some degree of dehydration was observed at the end of the marcha contest. This information may be used to better understand how gaited horses expend their energy during marcha events and to help determine a horse's fitness level.

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Gies, David T. "Carmen Martín Gaite in Virginia." Hispania 98, no. 4 (2015): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2015.0108.

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Kartalovic, Nenad, Luka Perazic, Cedomir Belic, and Ilija Jeftenic. "Lifetime characteristics of Gaiger-Muller counters." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 4 (2016): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1604366k.

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This paper discusses the process of functional aging of Geiger-Muller counters. Two types of Geiger-Muller counter chambers were characterized in an experiment using a combined constant voltage. Chamber A had a coaxial geometry and chamber B had a plan-parallel geometry. The experimental results indicate that the aging process was faster in the case of chambers with a coaxial geometry. The results are explained based on the process of electrical discharges in gasses.

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35

Spisak, April. "Into the Abyss by Stefanie Gaither." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 69, no. 11 (2016): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2016.0643.

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Staiger, Elizabeth A., Rebecca R. Bellone, Nathan B. Sutter, and Samantha A. Brooks. "Morphological Variation in Gaited Horse Breeds." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 43 (August 2016): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.04.096.

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37

Manso Filho, H. C., H. E. C. C. C. Manso, K. H. McKeever, S. R. R. Duarte, and J. M. G. Abreu. "Heart rate responses of two breeds of four-gaited horses to a standardised field gaited test." Comparative Exercise Physiology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep11013.

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In order to understand how gaited horses use their energy during exercise, a standardised field gaited test (SFGT) was developed to assess energy expenditure of four beat gaited horses independently of size, sex or breed. This work aimed at developing such an SFGT, using as main measurement parameter the heart rate (HR) of horses during the SFGT performance. Thirty-one four beat gaited horses were evaluated and divided into two groups: FIT (conditioned) and UNFIT (not conditioned). Horses were submitted to the SFGT and their heart rates were measured with a heart rate monitor as follows: right after being mounted, at the beginning of pre-test (HRSADDLE); at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes of four beat gait dislocation; and at 15 minutes after the recovery period (T+15). Maximum HR (HRMAX); HR percentage over 150 beats per minute (HR%≯150), HR percentage over 170 beats per minute (HR%≯170), and average HR during the four beat gait stage (HRM@M) of SFGT were calculated. Results were analysed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Where significant differences were observed, ‘T’ test was performed and significance was set at 5%. The FIT group presented HRMAX, HR+15, HRM@M, HR%≯150 and HR%≯170 rates lower (P<0.05) than the UNFIT group. It was noted that there was a negative correlation between fitness and HRMAX (R=−0.67; P<0.001) and a positive correlation between HRMAX and HR+15 (R=0.60; P<0.001) when comparing the FIT to the UNFIT horses. In conclusion, during the SFGT, the FIT group was more efficient in energy expenditure than the UNFIT group, based on the results observed for the significantly lower HRs during the SFGT. It is relevant to note that the SFGT developed and used in this research, which was easily reproduced and accurate, was able to detect and confirm important adaptations related to fitness in the athletic horse.

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Quadbeck-Seeger, Hans-Jürgen. "Buchbesprechung: Chemically Speaking Dictionary of Quotations. Herausgegeben von Carl C. Gaither und Alma E. Cavozos-Gaither." Angewandte Chemie 115, no. 21 (May 30, 2003): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200390497.

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Quadbeck-Seeger, Hans-Jürgen. "Book Review: Chemical Speaking Dictionary of Quotations. Edited by Carl C. Gaither and Alma E. Cavazos-Gaither." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 42, no. 21 (May 30, 2003): 2332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200390468.

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Anatol, Giselle, and Valerie Melissa Babb. "Ernest Gaines." MELUS 20, no. 1 (1995): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/467860.

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Rowell, Charles H., and Diane Gaines. "Diane Gaines." Callaloo 29, no. 4 (2006): 1215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2007.0066.

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Koshland, D. E. "Paradise Gained." Science 265, no. 5169 (July 8, 1994): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5169.167.

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Chaudhri, Munawar. "...nothing gained." Physics World 15, no. 4 (April 2002): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/15/4/26.

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de Almeida, Antonio, and Claude Dufresne. "Jacques Offenbach, ou La Gaite parisienne." Notes 51, no. 2 (December 1994): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/898889.

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Silva, F., S. Melo, J. Abreu, H. Manso, and H. Manso Filho. "A Standardised Gaited Field Test Produces Changes in Blood Biomarkers and Heart Rate in Four-Beat Gaited Horses." Equine Veterinary Journal 46 (June 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.12267_58.

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Eyupoglu, Nesrin Damla, Seren Aksun, Mervenur Ozturk, and Bulent Okan Yildiz. "Lifestyle and Weight Change in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome During COVID19 Pandemic." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A740—A741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1506.

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Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with obesity, sleep apnea, and disordered eating. We aimed to assess whether COVID19 related social isolation affects lifestyle and weight control in women with PCOS. We performed an online survey including 232 women with PCOS and 157 healthy controls on isolation characteristics, weight alterations, physical activity, sleeping and eating patterns by validated questionnaires. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used. PCOS-related quality of life questionnaire (PCOSQ) was also completed by patients. During over 14 weeks of isolation, 48.5% participants gained weight, 13.9% participants’ weight was stable, and 37.6% participants lost weight. The patient and control groups did not show any difference in weight alteration (p=0.44). Physical activity was reduced (p<0.001 for both), eating patterns did not show a significant change in both groups, whereas sleep quality was reduced in PCOS group only (p<0.001). Within the weight gainers, increase in BMI was more prominent in PCOS group (1.3±1 kg/m2) than controls (1.0±0.6 kg/m2) (p=0.01). In weight gainer group, delta BMI values showed positive correlations with delta PSQI scores (r = 0.24, p=0.004), delta sleep induction time (r=0.25, p=0.001) and delta TFEQ-18 scores (r=0.25, p=0.001). Weight changes during social isolation are similar in women with PCOS and healthy women. However, the increase in BMI of weight gainers is higher in PCOS and is mainly related to sleep quality and eating habits rather than reduced physical activity.

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Hill, DaMaris B. "Lusts and Gaines." Meridians 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/meridians.11.2.147.

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Rao, Rahul. "Dawnielle Farrar-Gaines." MRS Bulletin 43, no. 10 (October 2018): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2018.246.

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Allman, John. "Losers and Gainers." Antioch Review 50, no. 4 (1992): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4612600.

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Berghammer, Gabriele, and Monika Scholl. "Gained in Translation." Medical Writing 21, no. 3 (September 2012): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047480612z.00000000061.

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