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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Galactic cosmic ray modulation'

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Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gieseler, Jan [Verfasser]. "Understanding Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation: Observations and Theory / Jan Gieseler." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155760816/34.

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2

Vos, Etienne Eben. "Cosmic ray modulation processes in the heliosphere / Vos E.E." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7266.

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The solar minimum of 2009 has been identified as an exceptional event with regard to cosmic ray (CR)modulation, since conditions in the heliosphere have reached unprecedented quiet levels. This unique minimum has been observed by the Earth–orbiting satellite, PAMELA, launched in June, 2006, from which vast sets of accurate proton and electron preliminary observations have been made available. These simultaneous measurements from PAMELA provide the ideal opportunity to conduct an in–depth study of CR modulation, in particular charge–sign dependent modulation. In utilizing this opportunity, a th
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3

Nndanganeni, Rendani Rejoyce. "Modelling of galactic cosmic ray electrons in the heliosphere / Nndanganeni, R.R." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7034.

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The Voyager 1 spacecraft is now about 25 AU beyond the heliospheric termination shock and soon it should encounter the outer boundary of the heliosphere, the heliopause. This is set to be at 120 AU in the modulation model used for this study. This implies that Voyager 1, and soon afterwards also Voyager 2, should be able to measure the heliopause spectrum, to be interpreted as the lowest possible local interstellar spectrum, for low energy galactic electrons (1 MeV to 120 MeV). This could give an answer to a long outstanding question about the spectral shape (energy dependence) of the galactic
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4

Minnie, Jaco. "An ab initio approach to the heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays / Jaco Minnie." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1258.

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In the present study we aim to further our understanding of charged particle transport in a magnetized medium. To this end, we perform direct numerical simulations of particle transport in a turbulent magnetic field. From the particle trajectories we calculate diffusion and drift coefficients. In contrast to previous numerical simulations of this nature, we also consider a background magnetic field that contains a gradient perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. By using a non-uniform background magnetic field, we can investigate the simultaneous large scale drift due to the gradient in
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5

Nkosi, Godfrey Sibusiso. "A study of cosmic ray anisotropies in the heliosphere / Godfrey Sibusiso Nkosi." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1627.

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6

Ndiitwani, Dzivhuluwani Christopher. "A study of the time-dependent modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere / Dzivhuluwani C. Ndiitwani." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/843.

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Time-dependent cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere is studied by using a two-dimensional time dependent modulation model. To compute realistic cosmic ray modulation a compound approach is used, which combines the effect of the global changes in the heliospheric magnetic field magnitude and the current sheet tilt angle to establish realistic time dependent diffusion and drift coefficients. This approach is refined by scaling down drifts additionally (compared to diffusion) towards solar maximum. The amount of drifts needed in the model to realistically compute 2.5 GV proton and electron an
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7

LENNI, ALEX. "Study of cosmic-ray proton and deuteron solar modulation and its relevence for indirect dark-matter searches with the PAMELA and GAPS experiments." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/3014975.

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Cosmic rays (CRs) are electrically charged particles accelerated by astrophysical powerful sources. CRs consists mainly of protons and helium nuclei and in minimal part of other nuclei and electrons. Among these, there are the deuterons, i.e. the deuterium nuclei, which are produced as a secondary component from interactions of CRs with the interstellar medium. During their voyage in the Galaxy, CRs experience energy losses, fragmentations in secondary products, trajectory deflections by galactic magnetic fields and generally a change of the spectral features. Before reaching the Earth, CRs p
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8

Giesen, Gaelle. "Dark Matter Indirect Detection with charged cosmic rays." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112160/document.

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Les preuves pour l'existence de la matière noire (MN), sous forme d'une particule inconnue qui rempli les halos galactiques, sont issues d'observations astrophysiques et cosmologiques: son effet gravitationnel est visible dans les rotations des galaxies, des amas de galaxies et dans la formation des grandes structures de l'univers. Une manifestation non-gravitationnelle de sa présence n'a pas encore été découverte. L'une des techniques les plus prometteuse est la détection indirecte de la MN, consistant à identifier des excès dans les flux de rayons cosmiques pouvant provenir de l'annihilation
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9

RECCHIA, SARAH. "Non linear cosmic ray transport and cosmic ray driven galactic winds." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/13501.

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The bulk of Cosmic Rays (CRs) reaching our planet is likely of Galactic origin and is thought to be accelerated in sources located in the Galactic disk (mainly Supernova remnants (SNRs)). The energy density of Galactic CRs, ∼ 1 eV/cm3, can be accounted for if one assumes that 3-10% of the mechanical energy injected by SNe in the Galaxy is channeled into accelerated particles. The observed large residence time of CRs in the Galaxy (compared to the time required for ballistic propagation of relativistic particles on Galactic distances) suggests that Galactic CRs are well coupled to the interste
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10

CELLI, SILVIA. "Gamma-ray and neutrino signatures of Galactic cosmic-ray accelerators." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/10141.

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Supernova remnants are believed to be the major contributors to the observed Galactic cosmic-ray flux, though indisputable observational pieces of evidence of such statement are still missing. A crucial aspect of the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of Galactic comic rays is that particle acceleration, as due to diffusive shock acceleration, requires effective confinement of particles in the shock region to let them achieve energies up to the so-called knee, around ∼ 10^15-10^16 eV. However, the current theoretical description of cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation within and ar
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11

Singleterry, Robert Clay Jr. "Neutron transport associated with the galactic cosmic ray cascade." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186421.

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Transport of low energy neutrons associated with the galactic cosmic ray cascade is analyzed in this dissertation. A benchmark quality analytical algorithm is demonstrated for use with B scRYNTRN, a computer program written by the High Energy Physics Division of N scASA Langley Research Center, which is used to design and analyze shielding against the radiation created by the cascade. B scRYNTRN uses numerical methods to solve the integral transport equations for baryons with the straight-ahead approximation, and numerical and empirical methods to generate the interaction probabilities. The st
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12

Gabici, Stefano. "Gamma ray astronomy and the origin of galactic cosmic rays." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719791.

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Diffusive shock acceleration operating at expanding supernova remnant shells is by far the most popular model for the origin of galactic cosmic rays. Despite the general consensus received by the model, an unambiguous and conclusive proof of the supernova remnant hypothesis is still missing. In this context, the recent developments in gamma ray astronomy provide us with precious insights into the problem of the origin of galactic cosmic rays, since production of gamma rays is expected both during the acceleration of cosmic rays at supernova remnant shocks and during their subsequent propagatio
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13

McBride, Keith William. "Cosmic Ray Instrumentation and Simulations." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1620666030783043.

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14

吳文謙 and Man-him Ng. "Searching for gamma-ray signals form pulsars and periodic signals fromthe galactic gamma-ray sources." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213509.

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15

Ng, Man-him. "Searching for gamma-ray signals form pulsars and periodic signals from the galactic gamma-ray sources /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19667942.

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16

Gay, A. M. "The abundances of ultra-heavy elements in the cosmic rays." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376608.

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17

Grove, Jon Eric Stone Edward Stone Edward. "A balloon measurement of the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray iron /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1989. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05312007-121425.

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18

Poluianov, S. V. (Stepan V. ). "Proxies for long-term cosmic ray variability." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213743.

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Abstract The thesis is focused on the reconstruction of long-term cosmic ray variability using proxy data. The 11-year solar cycle in production/deposition rates of cosmogenic nuclides ¹⁰Be and ¹⁴C has been modelled for the conditions of grand minima and maxima of solar activity (namely, Maunder Minimum and Grand Modern Maximum). The result shows that contrary to the observed strongly suppressed amplitude of the solar cycle in sunspots during Maunder Minimum relatively to Grand Modern Maximum, the cosmic ray proxies have the comparable amplitudes during the two periods. This phenomenon is caus
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19

Mertsch, Philipp. "Cosmic ray backgrounds for dark matter indirect detection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2734b849-4d7a-4266-8538-d3dc6cab6b20.

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The identification of the relic particles which presumably constitute cold dark matter is a key challenge for astroparticle physics. Indirect methods for their detection using high energy astro- physical probes such as cosmic rays have been much discussed. In particular, recent ‘excesses’ in cosmic ray electron and positron fluxes, as well as in microwave sky maps, have been claimed to be due to the annihilation or decay of dark matter. In this thesis, we argue however that these signals are plagued by irreducible astrophysical backgrounds and show how plausible con- ventional physics can mimi
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20

Sabbatini, Federico. "Interpretable Prediction of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Short-Term Variations with Artificial Neural Networks." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22147/.

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Monitoring the galactic cosmic-ray flux variations is a crucial issue for all those space missions for which cosmic rays constitute a limitation to the performance of the on-board instruments. If it is not possible to study the galactic cosmic-ray short-term fluctuations on board, it is necessary to benefit of models that are able to predict these flux modulations. Artificial neural networks are nowadays the most used tools to solve a wide range of different problems in various disciplines, including medicine, technology, business and many others. All artificial neural networks are black b
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21

Ogliore, Ryan Christopher Stone Edward Stone Edward. "The sulfur, argon, and calcium isotopic composition of the galactic cosmic ray source /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02082007-175902.

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22

Ueno, Masaru. "Supernova remnants selected with X-rays : contribution to the galactic cosmic-ray acceleration." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145075.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(理学)<br>甲第11307号<br>理博第2865号<br>新制||理||1428(附属図書館)<br>22950<br>UT51-2005-D58<br>京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学･宇宙物理学専攻<br>(主査)教授 小山 勝二, 教授 今井 憲一, 教授 中村 卓史<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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23

KO, CHUNG-MING. "COSMIC-RAY MODIFIED STELLAR WINDS (ACCELERATION, MODULATION, DIFFUSION, TRANSONIC SOLUTION)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183980.

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A two fluid hydrodynamical model describing the modification of a stellar wind flow due to its interaction with galactic cosmic-rays is investigated. The two fluids consist of the thermal stellar wind gas and the galactic cosmic-rays. A polytropic one fluid model is used to describe the stellar wind gas, and the cosmic-rays modify the wind via their pressure gradient. The cosmic-rays are considered to be a hot low density gas of negligible mass flux, but with a significant pressure and energy flux compared to the thermal gas. The equations used are essentially those employed in two fluid hydro
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24

Mrigakshi, Alankrita Isha [Verfasser]. "Galactic Cosmic Ray Exposure of Humans in Space : influence of galactic cosmic ray models and shielding on dose calculations for low-Earth orbit and near-Earth interplanetary space / Alankrita Isha Mrigakshi". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105038864X/34.

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25

Lambert, Alyn. "Gamma-ray emission above 10sup(15)eV from Cygnus X-3 and other galactic sources." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371051.

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26

Krüger, Helena. "A calibration neutron monitor for long-term cosmic ray modulation studies / H. Krüger." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1023.

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The propagation of high-energy cosmic rays is influenced by the time-varying heliospheric magnetic field embedded in the solar wind, and by the geomagnetic field. To penetrate through this geomagnetic field, they must have a rigidity that exceeds the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity for a given position on the earth. In the atmosphere, the primary cosmic rays interact with atmospheric nuclei, to form a cascade of secondary particles. Neutron monitors record these secondary cosmic rays, mainly the neutrons, with energies about a decade higher than detected by most spacecraft. Since neutron monitors
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27

Nobukawa(Kawabata), Kumiko. "X-ray Study of Neutral Iron Line Emission in the Galactic Ridge: Contribution of Low-Energy Cosmic Rays." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215310.

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28

Weinreuter, Matthias Albert Maria [Verfasser], and W. de [Akademischer Betreuer] Boer. "On the Correlation between Cosmic Ray Arrival Directions and the Sources of Galactic Cosmic Rays / Matthias Albert Maria Weinreuter ; Betreuer: W. de Boer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139360345/34.

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29

Carpio, Dumler José Alonso. "Impact of Galactic magnetic field modeling on searches of point sources via ultrahigh energy cosmic ray-neutrino correlations." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7107.

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We apply the Jansson-Farrar JF12 magnetic field model in the context of point source searches by correlating the Telescope Array ultrahigh energy cosmic ray data and the IceCube-40 neutrino candidates, as well as other magnetic field hypotheses. Our field hypotheses are: no magnetic field, the JF12 field considering only the regular component, the JF12 full magnetic field, which is a combination of regular and random field components, and the standard turbulent magnetic field used in previous correlation analyses. As expected from a neutrino sample such as IceCube-40, consistent with atmospher
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Shaikh, Zubair Ibrahim. "Study of cosmic ray response to large scale structures in interplanetary space." Thesis, IIG, 2021. http://library.iigm.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/123456798/331.

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31

Strauss, Roelf du Toit. "Modelling of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere by stochastic processes / Roelf du Toit Strauss." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10217.

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The transport of cosmic rays in the heliosphere is studied by making use of a newly developed modulation model. This model employes stochastic differential equations to numerically solve the relevant transport equation, making use of this approach’s numerical advantages as well as the opportunity to extract additional information regarding cosmic ray transport and the processes responsible for it. The propagation times and energy losses of galactic electrons and protons are calculated for different drift cycles. It is confirmed that protons and electrons lose the same amount of rigidity when t
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32

Ngobeni, Mabedle Donald. "Aspects of the modulation of cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere / by Mabedle Donald Ngobeni." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/97.

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A time-dependent two-dimensional (2D) modulation model including drifts, the solar wind tennination shock (TS) with diffusive shock acceleration and a heliosheath based on the Parker (1965) transport equation is used to study the modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and the anomalous component of cosmic rays (ACRs) in the heliosphere. In particular, the latitude dependence of the TS compression ratio and injection efficiency of the ACRs (source strength) based on the hydrodynamic modeling results of Scherer et al. (2006) is used for the first time in a modulation model. The subsequent eff
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33

Mikuni, Vinicius Massami. "Measurement of cosmic ray electrons and positrons with the AMS-02 experiment." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-29092017-143310/.

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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high-energy particle physics detector operating on the International Space Station (ISS) since May 2011. Since its launch, the AMS-02 provided a large amount of data whose precision was never before achieved, opening a new path for the study of cosmic rays (CRs). The first published results of AMS-021-3 show tension with the current understanding of the cosmic ray theory, particularly at higher energies. These tensions are directly linked to many fundamental questions like the dark matter nature, the CR origin and their propagation through the gala
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34

MUNINI, RICCARDO. "Solar modulation of cosmic ray electrons and positrons measured by the PAMELA experiment during the 23rd solar minimum." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908077.

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Cosmic rays (CRs) are energetic particles mainly originating outside the Solar System in extremely powerful environments like supernovae remnants (SNRs). The cosmic radiation is composed primarily of high-energy protons, helium and atomic nuclei while only a small fraction are electrons, anti-protons and positrons. During propagation through the Galaxy, CRs interact with the interstellar matter and the Galactic magnetic field. Because of these interactions CRs lose energy and change their spectral features with respect to the injection spectrum. Moreover, before reaching the Earth, CRs trave
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35

Krüger, Tjaart Petrus Jakobus. "The effect of a Fisk-Parker hybrid magnetic field on cosmic rays in the heliosphere / Tjaart P.J. Krüger." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1205.

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The existence of a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) is one of the most debated questions in cosmic-ray modulation. Recently, Burger and Hitge [2004] developed a divergence-free Fisk-Parker hybrid magnetic field model to demonstrate the behaviour of cosmic rays in the heliosphere due to such a field. This approach has been refined and the properties of the consequent field are investigated. It is found that randomly directed magnetic field diffusion in and above the photosphere significantly influences the solar magnetic field both at the solar poles and near the polar coronal hole b
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36

GALELLI, CLAUDIO. "INVESTIGATING THE ORIGINS OF UHECRS USING THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY AND PALEO-DETECTORS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/954141.

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A very fascinating region for investigating the origins of cosmic rays is the toe of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum, above ≈ 50 EeV. The potential for small magnetic deflections at these energies is coupled with the presence of flux suppression, which may be a sign of the sources’ maximum acceleration potential or may have an explanation for the interactions of cosmic rays with background photons, effectively restricting the region of interest in the search for UHECR sources to a relatively small bubble around us. In this thesis, I present the latest dataset of cosmic rays a
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Vattakunnel, Shaji. "The cosmic star formation rate: observational measurements and modelization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8584.

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2011/2012<br>La mia Tesi di Dottorato si occupa dello studio della formazione stellare cosmica e delle galassie con formazione stellare (SFG), sia dal punto di vista osservativo che teorico. La formazione stellare è uno degli elementi chiave per comprendere la composizione e l'evoluzione delle galassie. Per identificare le galassie con formazione stellare è cruciale sfruttare informazioni multispettrali per ottenere una stima migliore del tasso di formazione stellare. La formazione stellare istantanea in una data galassia può essere stimata attraverso la misura di un indicatore coll
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Engelbrecht, Nicholas Eugéne. "On the heliospheric diffusion tensor and its effect on 26-day recurrent cosmic-ray variations / N.E. Engelbrecht." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2052.

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Engelbrecht, Nicholas Eugéne. "On the development and applications of a three-dimensional ab initio cosmic-ray modulation model / Nicholas Eugéne Engelbrecht." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8735.

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A proper understanding of the effects of turbulence on the diffusion and drift of cosmic-rays in the heliosphere is imperative for a better understanding of cosmic-ray modulation. This study presents an ab initio model for cosmic-ray modulation, incorporating for the first time the results yielded by a two-component turbulence transport model. The latter model is solved for solar minimum heliospheric conditions, utilizing boundary values chosen in such a way that the results of this model are in fair to good agreement with spacecraft observations of turbulence quantities, not only in the eclip
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40

Sutherland, Michael. "A Method for Establishing Constraints on Galactic Magnetic Field Models Using Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Results from the Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274798328.

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41

Ghelfi, Alexandre. "Analyse des données de l'expérience AMS-02 pour la propagation du rayonnement cosmique dans la cavité solaire et la Galaxie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY044/document.

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Le rayonnement cosmique, mis en évidence par Viktor Hess en 1912, est composé de particules chargées, créées et possiblement accélérées dans les restes de supernova, et qui se propagent dans la Galaxie. La mesure des flux du rayonnement cosmique permet de mettre des contraintes sur leurs sources et leur transport, mais aussi de se pencher sur le problème de la matière sombre.C'est pour répondre à ces questions qu'a été construit le détecteur AMS-02, mis en place sur la station spatiale internationale depuis mai 2011. Ce détecteur de haute précision mesure l'ensemble des flux de particules du r
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Gündüz, Mehmet [Verfasser], Julia [Gutachter] Tjus, and Ralf-Jürgen [Gutachter] Dettmar. "Simulation of cosmic-ray signatures from the galactic center region by 3-dimensional modeling of the ambient conditions / Mehmet Gündüz ; Gutachter: Julia Tjus, Ralf-Jürgen Dettmar ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212664175/34.

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43

DI, FELICE VALERIA. "Low energy electron and positron measurements in space with the PAMELA experiment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1245.

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Questa tesi descrive lo studio di elettroni e positroni nella radiazione cosmica. Nuove misure della frazione di positroni al top dell’atmosfera tra 200 MeV e 3.0 GeV, nonché lo spettro di elettroni fino a 20 GeV, sono presentati. La misura è stata effettuata con l’esperimento PAMELA da Luglio 2006 a Dicembre 2008, periodo di minima attività solare e polarità negativa. PAMELA fornisce le prime osservazioni a lungo termine della frazione di positroni di bassa energia durante questo particolare stato della eliosfera. La grande statistica collezionata permette di studiare la variazione del flusso
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44

Hall, DL. "Modulation of high energy cosmic rays in the heliosphere." Thesis, 1995. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19632/7/whole_HallDamianLindsay1995.pdf.

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The distribution of galactic cosmic ray particles in the heliosphere is influenced (modulated) by the Sun's interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind. The particles diffuse inward, convect outward and have drifts in the motion of their gyro-centres. They are also scattered from their gyro-orbits by irregularities in the IMF. These processes are the components of solar modulation and produce streaming (anisotropies) of particles in the heliosphere. The anisotropies can be investigated at Earth by examining the count rates of cosmic ray detectors. The anisotropic streams appea
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Ngobeni, Mabedle Donald. "Modeling of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere / Mabedle Donald Ngobeni." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15476.

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The modulation of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) Carbon in a north-south asymmetrical heliosphere is studied, using a two-dimensional numerical model that contains a solar wind termination shock (TS), a heliosheath, as well as particle drifts and diffusive shock re-acceleration of GCRs. The asymmetry in the geometry of the heliosphere is incorporated in the model by assuming a significant dependence on heliolatitude of the thickness of the heliosheath. As a result, the model allows comparisons of modulation in the north and south hemispheres during both magnetic polarity cycles of the Sun, and from
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46

Jones, David I. "Exploring cosmic-ray acceleration in the galactic realm." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61076.

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Despite many years of research dedicated to elucidating the conditions in which cosmic rays (CRs) are accelerated, there is still great uncertainty about exactly how such particles are accelerated up to energies of 1 TeV (1 TeV= 10¹² eV) and well beyond. Additionally, there is also great uncertainty about the structure and amplitude of the Galactic magnetic field which necessarily has a great impact upon the movement and interaction of CRs in the Galaxy. This thesis deals with a number of ways in which Gigahertz (GHz) frequency radio continuum observations can be used with GeV–TeV γ-ray observ
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47

Baker, Christopher Paul. "Cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere." Thesis, 1993. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/18946/1/whole_BakerChristopherPaul1993_thesis.pdf.

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Models describing the modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere have been developed and investigated. These models are numerical solutions of the cosmic ray transport equation under idealized heliospheric conditions. Primarily, the models were used to predict the radial gradient g r of galactic cosmic rays in the vicinity of the Earth during solar-minimum conditions specified by a flat neutral sheet and no propagating shock disturbances. It was found that g r was not sensitive to the assumed value of the cosmic ray distribution at the Sun, but was very sensitive to (a) the di
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48

Feijen, Kirsty Mia. "The Origin of Galactic TeV Gamma Ray Sources." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135879.

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The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is a ground-based telescope which detects gigaelectronvot (GeV) and teraelectronvolt (TeV) -rays. Many TeV -ray sources are associated with high-energy environments such as pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) and supernova remnants (SNRs). However, the majority of these TeV -ray sources are ‘unidentified’ or ‘dark’ sources as no clear counterpart to be powering the -rays has been discovered. One of these ‘unidentified’ TeV -ray sources is HESS J1804−216, which is the focus of this thesis. HESS J1804−216 has several plausible counterparts investigated in de
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Gibner, Peyton Stinson. "Isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen." Thesis, 1992. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/6650/1/Gibner_ps_1992.pdf.

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<p>Relative abundances of the isotopes of galactic cosmic ray B, C, N, and O nuclei have been measured using the balloon-borne High Energy Isotope Spectrometer Telescope (HEIST). Analysis of data collected during the 1988 HEIST flight from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, has resulted in mass histograms containing ~890 boron, ~3100 carbon, ~910 nitrogen, and ~3300 oxygen nuclei. Masses were derived using both the Cerenkov-Energy and ΔE-E' techniques, achieving a resulting rms mass resolution of ~0.26 amu. These isotopic composition measurements correspond to energy intervals at the top of the atmo
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Grove, Jon Eric. "A balloon measurement of the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray iron." Thesis, 1989. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2338/1/Grove_JE_1989.pdf.

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NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document. We have measured the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray iron in the energy interval ~1550-2200 MeV/nucleon using a balloon-borne mass spectrometer. The instrument was flown from Palestine, Texas, in May 1984 for >35 hours at an atmospheric depth of ~6 g/cm2. Masses were derived by the Cerenkov-Energy technique. The Cerenkov counter employed a silica aerogel radiator with index of refraction n = 1.1. Particle energies were measured in a stack of NaI(Tl) scintillators, w
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