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1

Ciotlaus, Irina, Maria Pojar-Fenesan, and Ana Balea. "Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Medicinal Plant, Galium verum." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (2020): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8052.

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The Galium verum herb, (Rubiaceae family) is well represented in the spontaneous Romanian flora. She is one of the most used plants in traditional medicine. Our research aimed to investigate the chemical volatile profile in fresh, dried and essential oil of Gallium verum using SPME and hydrodistillation techniques, followed by GC-MS analysis. Characterization of volatile compounds composition by SPME �GC-MS technique presented din this paper is the first study on fresh and dried of Galium verum plant to our knowledge. Galium verum fresh flower floral bouquet is given by monoterpenes (73,5%), s
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2

Ortega-Olivencia, Ana, and Juan Antonio Devesa. "Sobre el tratamiento de Galium L. (Rubiaceae) en Flora Iberica." Acta Botanica Malacitana 29 (December 1, 2004): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v29i0.7233.

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RESUMEN. Sobre el tratamiento de Galium L. (Rubiaceae) en Flora Iberica. El estudio taxonómico del género Galium para Flora Iberica ha revelado la existencia en el territorio de 51 especies y 14 subespecies. Éstas han sido agrupadas en 10 secciones, previamente descritas, reconociéndose para algunas de ellas nuevas series: Galium sect. Galium ser. Trichogaliopsis (Lange) Ortega-Olivencia & Devesa, Galium sect. Galium ser. Andalusiana Ortega-Olivencia & Devesa, Galium sect. Platygalium ser. Platygalium (DC.) Ortega-Olivencia & Devesa, Galium sect. Platygalium ser. Ephedrogalium Orte
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3

Yağız, Filiz, Rifat Battaloğlu, Sedef İlk, and Ahmet Savran. "Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Some Galium (Rubiaceae) Species Against Pathogenic Bacteria." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (2017): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1330-1333.1414.

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In this work, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Galium incanum, Galium dieckii ve Galium aladaghense were firstly reported. The essential oils were obtained from the all parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity of synthezied essential oils was carried out against 5 pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (P. syringae) DC300, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhmurium (S. typhmurium) SL 1344 and Streptococcus mutans
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4

Ali, Esmail Al-Snafi. "GALIUM VERUM -A REVIEW." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 04 (2018): 2142–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1214980.

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The phytochemical analysis of Galium verum showed that the plant contained oil, iridoid glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, carbohydrates and amino acids. The previous pharmacological studies showed that Galium verum possessed antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, protective and endocrine effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Galium verum. Keywords: Galium verum, pharmacology, chemical, constituents
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5

Casimiro-Soriguer, Federico, Andrés V. Pérez Latorre, and Baltasar Cabezudo. "Sobre la presencia de Galium tunetanum Lam. en la Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga, España). Galium tunetanum in Sierra de las Nieves mountain (Malaga, Spain)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 37 (December 1, 2012): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v37i0.2663.

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Galium tunetanum in Sierra de las Nieves mountain (Malaga, Spain) Palabras Clave. Galium tunetanum, Andalucía, especies amenazadas, conservación Key words. Galium tunetanum, Andalusia, endangered species, conservation
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6

Ali, Esmail Al-Snafi. "CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF GALIUM APARINE - A REVIEW." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 03 (2018): 1739–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1210517.

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The phytochemical screening of extracts of Galium aparine revealed that the plant contained phenols, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, iridoids asperuloside, alkanes, flavonoids and saponins. Previous pharmacological studies showed that Galium aparine extracts possessed antimicrobial, anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Galium aparine. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Galium aparine
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7

Laanet, Pille-Riin, Piret Saar-Reismaa, Piia Jõul, Olga Bragina, and Merike Vaher. "Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Estonian Galium Species." Molecules 28, no. 6 (2023): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062867.

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The aim of the present study was to examine three different Galium species from the native population of Estonia, Galium verum, Galium aparine, and Galium mollugo, to characterise their non-volatile and volatile phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The main groups of bioactive compounds in the plants were quantified by colorimetric tests, showing high concentrations of polyphenols (up to 27.2 ± 1.5 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (up to 7.3 ± 0.5 mg QE/g) and iridoids (up to 40.8 ± 2.9 mg AE/g). The species were compared using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, revealing some key differences in the phytoche
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8

Bozhilova, Mariam. "Acute toxicity of Galium odoratum to the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa." Silva Balcanica 22, no. 3 (2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e77816.

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Galium odoratum (L.) is a medicinal plant with a number of health benefits, used in traditional and modern medicine. The toxicity of the coumarin in Galium odoratum is classified as high, however, no experimental data or data on toxic effects in humans following intake of Galium odoratum are available. The potential toxic effect can be estimated based on the content of coumarin and knowledge of its toxicity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of a range of concentrations of Galium odoratum water extract on Moina macrocopa and calculate the LC50 within 24 hou
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9

HANGANU, Daniela, Ramona Flavia BURTESCU, Sorina PETRESCU, et al. "GALIUM SPECIES - POLYPHENOLIC CONTENT AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL." Hop and Medicinal Plants 26, no. 1-2 (2019): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.15835/hpm.v26i1-2.13236.

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The genus Galium is well represented in the spontaneous Romanian flora. Three Galium species are more commonly used in therapy, Galium aparine L. or cleavers, Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. or woodruff and Galium verum L. or lady’s bedstraw. Tinctures preparated from aerial part of these species was chemically analyzed and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. The total phenylpropane derivatives and total flavonoids contents were determined by spectrophotometrically methods. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by FRAP, CUPRAC and xanthine oxidase inhibition methods. The results sho
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10

Е.А., ПИНЖЕНИНА, ПЕТРУК А.А., ХАН И.В. та КОВТОНЮК Н.К. "РОД GALIUM (RUBIACEAE) В ЦИФРОВОМ ГЕРБАРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО СИБИРСКОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА СО РАН (NS, NSK)". Растительный мир Азиатской России 16, № 4 (2023): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/rmar20230406.

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Во время инвентаризации коллекций, хранящихся в Гербариях ЦСБС СО РАН (NS, NSK), оцифровано и депонировано в Цифровой гербарий 3724 образца 88 таксонов рода Galium (Rubiaceae). В Гербарии им. И.М. Красноборова (NS) род Galium представлен 2023 экземплярами, а в Гербарии им. М.Г. Попова (NSK) - 1700 экземпляров, всего 78 видов, 7 подвидов, 2 разновидности и 1 гибрид. Результаты оцифровки были опубликованы в виде набора данных (датасет) в GBIF. Дана краткая история таксономического изучения коллекций рода Galium, процитированы этикетки типовых образцов G. pobedimovae Balde, G. zaisanicum Pinzheni
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11

Bozhilova, Mariam. "Acute toxicity of Galium odoratum to the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa." Silva Balcanica 22, no. (3) (2021): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e77816.

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<em>Galium odoratum</em> (L.) is a medicinal plant with a number of health benefits, used in traditional and modern medicine. The toxicity of the coumarin in <em>Galium odoratum</em> is classified as high, however, no experimental data or data on toxic effects in humans following intake of <em>Galium odoratum</em> are available. The potential toxic effect can be estimated based on the content of coumarin and knowledge of its toxicity.The aim of the current study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of a range of concentrations of <em>Galium odoratum</em> water extract on <em>Moina macroco
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12

Ortega Olivencia, Ana, and Juan Antonio Devesa Alcaraz. "Nuevas combinaciones en el género Galium L." Acta Botanica Malacitana 28 (January 1, 2003): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v28i0.7285.

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13

Ciborowski, Kamil, Monika Szczecińska, Mateusz Maździarz, Jakub Sawicki, and Łukasz Paukszto. "Decoding Evolution of Rubioideae: Plastomes Reveal Sweet Secrets of Codon Usage, Diagnostides, and Superbarcoding." Genes 15, no. 5 (2024): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15050562.

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Galium genus belongs to the Rubiaceae family, which consists of approximately 14,000 species. In comparison to its well-known relatives, the plastomes of the Galium genus have not been explored so far. The plastomes of this genus have a typical, quadripartite structure, but differ in gene content, since the infA gene is missing in Galium palustre and Galium trfidum. An evaluation of the effectiveness of using entire chloroplast genome sequences as superbarcodes for accurate plant species identification revealed the high potential of this method for molecular delimitation within the genus and t
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14

MALIK, N., and W. H. VANDEN BORN. "THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 86. Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 2 (1988): 481–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-059.

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Galium aparine L., cleavers, is considered to be native, as well as introduced into North America from Eurasia. It is found from southern Alaska, across the wheat belt of Canada, to Newfoundland. Galium spurium L., false cleavers, is solely an introduced weed. Both species have several characteristics that predispose them toward weediness. These include rapid seedling development, early flower initiation after a short period of vegetative growth, self-compatibility, "stickiness" of fruits and plant foliage which aids in dispersal and crop contamination, resistance to phenoxy acetic herbicides
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15

Пинженина, Е. А. "Признаки вегетативных и генеративных органов в систематике рода Galium L. (Rubiaceae Juss.)". Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 1, № 18 (2019): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2019031.

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В связи с таксономической обработкой видов рода Galium L. Азиатской России проведен анализ диагностических признаков. Показано, что признаки вегетативных и генеративных органов являются равноценными для систематики рода Galium.
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16

Pinzhenina, E. A. "Analysis of the ranges of the type section representatives of the genus Galium L. (Rubiaceae Juss.) in Asian Russia." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (2020): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020132.

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The article presents the geographical analysis of representatives of a type section of the genus GaliumL. in Asian Russia. The article shows the distribution of species of the typical section in the floristic regions of AsianRussia, and the distribution by type of range. It was revealed that species of a typical section of the genus Galium in AsianRussia are found in 12 provinces, 7 subregions, 3 regions. The species ranges are represented by two types – eurasian andmanchurian.
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17

Taylor, K. "Galium aparine L." Journal of Ecology 87, no. 4 (1999): 713–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00381.x.

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18

Shynkovenko, I. L., T. V. Ilyina, A. M. Kovalyova, O. V. Goryacha, O. I. Golembiovska, and O. M. Koshovyi. "Saponins of the extracts of Galium aparine and Galium verum." Vìsnik farmacìï, no. 4(96) (November 29, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/nphj.18.2225.

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19

ROYO-ESNAL, A., J. TORRA, J. A. CONESA, and J. RECASENS. "Emergence and early growth of Galium aparine and Galium spurium." Weed Research 52, no. 5 (2012): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2012.00939.x.

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20

Diez, Miriam, Klaus Schmieder, and Mike Thiv. "Differentiation between Galium album and Galium mollugo in southwest Germany." Kochia 17 (January 1, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/kochia.v17.178.

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Für die Unterscheidung der sehr ähnlichen Arten Galium album Mill. (tetraploid) und Galium mollugo L. (diploid; Rubiaceae) werden zum Teil widersprüchliche Angaben zu den Differenzialmerkmalen gegeben. Daher sollen in dieser Arbeit Merkmale herausgearbeitet werden, die sich für eine eindeutige Unterscheidung im Feld und generell eignen. An südwestdeutschen Proben beider Arten wurden zunächst genetische und anschließend morphologische Merkmale wie Blütendurchmesser, Blütenstiellänge, Strukturdicke im Blattquerschnitt, Blattlänge und -breite untersucht. Für die Bestimmung der Ploidiestufe wurden
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21

Antoniak, Katarzyna, Marcin Szymański, Marlena Dudek-Makuch, and Wiesława Bylka. "Analysis of essential oil of Galium verum." Farmacja Polska 77, no. 10 (2021): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/144975.

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22

Antoniak, Katarzyna, Marlena Dudek-Makuch, and Wiesława Bylka. "Analysis of essential oil of Galium aparine." Farmacja Polska 75, no. 10 (2019): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/115148.

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Jeong, Keum Seon, Jae-Kwon Shin, Kae Sun Jang, and Kyung Choi. "Galium verum var. hallaensis, a replacement name for the Korean Galium pusillum Nakai (Rubiaceae)." Phytotaxa 302, no. 1 (2017): 95–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.10.

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Jeong, Keum Seon, Shin, Jae-Kwon, Jang, Kae Sun, Choi, Kyung (2017): Galium verum var. hallaensis, a replacement name for the Korean Galium pusillum Nakai (Rubiaceae). Phytotaxa 302 (1): 95-96, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.10
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24

Balde, E. "On specific independence of Galium amurense Pobed. (Rubiaceae)." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 44 (2013): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2013.44.206.

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Specific independence of Galium amurense Pobed. on the basis of morphological, ecological and chorological characteristics is proved. Its distinctions from closely related species G. boreale L. are shown.
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25

Şık, Levent, Hasan Yıldırım, Ademi Fahri Pirhan, Yusuf Altıoğlu, and Meliha Gemici. "Galium shinasii (Rubiaceae): a new species of Galium L. from Eastern Turkey." PhytoKeys 75 (November 29, 2016): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10244.

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Galium shinasii Yıldırım (Rubiaceae), is described as a new species from Malatya Province in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The new species is morphologically related to Galium cornigerum Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. G. lasiocarpum and G. sorgereae Ehrend. and Schönb. but clearly differs from them based on the morphological differences presented in the species description. In addition, the conservation status, the distribution map, and notes on the biogeography and ecology of the new species are given.
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BLANCA, GABRIEL, MIGUEL CUETO, JULIÁN FUENTES, and ANA ORTEGA-OLIVENCIA. "Claiming a Boissierian species of Asperula (Rubiaceae), but under a new name: Galium pierredmondii." Phytotaxa 487, no. 3 (2021): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.5.

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The identity of Asperula asperrima Boiss., a species usually misidentified, is discussed, and when transferred to the genus Galium it requires a new name, here proposed as G. pierredmondii. This species is described, illustrated and compared with its closest relatives in the genus Galium, namely G. boissierianum and G. moralesianum. While G. boissierianum lives exclusively on peridotites and G. moralesianum on limestones and dolomites, the ecological behaviour of G. pierredmondii is much broader, inhabiting peridotites, schists, limestones and dolomites; furthermore, G. pierredmondii is partia
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KWIECIŃSKA-POPPE, EWA, PIOTR KRASKA, and EDWARD PAŁYS. "Energia i zdolność kiełkowania Triticum aestivum i Hordeum vulgare w zależności od potencjału allelopatycznego wodnych wyciągów z Galium aparine." Agronomy Science 62, no. 2 (2007): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2007.2.19.

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The research assessed how water extracts from Galium aparine affect the germination energy and capacity, as well as the length of the seedling root and the first leaf of the ‘Turnia’ cultivar of wheat and of the ‘Rataj’ cultivar of barley.&#x0D; The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, with the use of Petri dishes. The influence of three concentrations of water extracts prepared from the dry and fresh mass of the plant’s above-ground parts was examined. Petri dishes watered with distilled water constituted the control object.&#x0D; Water extracts prepared from the Galium apari
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Deliorman, D., I. Çalis, and F. Ergun. "Iridoids from Galium aparine." Pharmaceutical Biology 39, no. 3 (2001): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.39.3.234.5928.

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Mitova, M., St Passov, and N. Handjieva. "Paeoniflorin from Galium aegeum." Fitoterapia 70, no. 1 (1999): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(98)00027-6.

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Koyama, Junko, Tamaki Ogura, and Kiyoshi Tagahara. "Anthraquinones of Galium spurium." Phytochemistry 33, no. 6 (1993): 1540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85131-a.

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El-Gamal, Ali A., Koichi Takeya, Hideji Itokawa, et al. "Anthraquinones from Galium sinaicum." Phytochemistry 40, no. 1 (1995): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00145-w.

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Yıldırım, Hasan, Levent Şık, Ademi Fahri Pirhan, Yusuf Altıoğlu, and Meliha Gemici. "Galium shinasii (Rubiaceae): a new species of Galium L. from Eastern Turkey." PhytoKeys 75 (November 29, 2016): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.75.10244.

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33

Pötter, Ulrich, and Klaus Klopfer. "Mehrdimensionale Varianzanalyse zur Artentrennung von Galium aparine L. und Galium spurium L." Feddes Repertorium 101, no. 5-6 (2008): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19901010508.

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Pinzhenina, E. A. "Taxonomic position of the species Galium pseudorivale in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae)." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 1 (2023): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023051.

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The ambiguity of the taxonomic position of Galium pseudorivale Tzvel. necessitated the identification of its status in the genus Galium. A comparative study of the morphological features of vegetative and generative organs of the species G. pseudorivale and representatives of the sections Trachygalium K. Schum. and Asperuloides Pobed. was carried out. For the first time, using a scanning electron microscope, the surface type of the sculpture of the pericarp of fruits of the species G. pseudorivale was established and described. It has been proven that G. pseudorivale is close to the species of
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35

Mersereau, D., and A. DiTommaso. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 2 (2003): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-152.

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Galium mollugo L. (smooth bedstraw) is a long-lived perennial broadleaved plant that reproduces both vegetatively and by seed. Galium mollugo can be a strong competitor in long-lived forage crops such as bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), as well as in short-lived forage crops such as red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and yellow sweet-clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]. It is also a problem weed in spruce plantations and re-vegetation areas. Livestock typically avoid this species, allowing it to become we
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О.А., РОЗЕНЦВЕТ, БОГДАНОВА Е.С., НЕСТЕРОВ В.Н. та ВАСЮКОВ В.М. "СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ GALIUM × AFFRENUM (KLOKOV) OSTAPKO (RUBIACEAE) В СРАВНЕНИИ С РОДИТЕЛЬСКИМИ ВИДАМИ". Сибирский экологический журнал, № 3 (30 червня 2023): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/sej20230307.

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Исследованы экологические, морфологические и физиолого-биохимические особенности представителей рода Galium (Rubiaceae). Объекты исследования - гибрид (нотовид) Galium× affrenum (Klokov) Ostapko (=нотовид) и его родительские виды G. ruthenicum Willd. и G. octonarium (Klokov) Pobed. s. l. G. × affrenumгабитуально ближе к G. ruthenicum, отличаясь от последнего бледно-лимонными цветками. С помощью метода искусственных нейронных сетей показано, что по физиолого-биохимическим признакам нотовид ближе расположен к родительскому виду G. octonarium. Листовая биомасса G. × affrenum отличается повышенным
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Pashapour, Sanaz, Masoumeh Heshmati, Zahra Mousavi, and Somayeh Esmaeili. "The Apoptotic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Galium verum on HT29 Cell Line." Journal of Biological Studies 4, no. 4 (2022): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.62400/jbs.v4i4.6347.

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Galium verum has been reported to have cytotoxic effects, however, the mechanism of Galium verum extract action on cancer cells is unclear in many cases. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic of the whole plant methanolic extract on colon cancer (HT29) cells. colon cancer cells were randomly divided into control group and groups treated with 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 1nd 400 μg/mL of the extract for 72h. Plant extract was obtained through maceration. MTT assay was applied to test viability of cells.Apoptosis and cell-cycle, and intracellular levels of ROS were determined by flow cytometry. B
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DOMARADZKI, KRZYSZTOF, and RENATA KIELOCH. "Działanie różnych dawek herbicydów z grupy regulatorów wzrostu i pochodnych sulfonylomocznika na Galium aparine i Stellaria media w zależności od fazy rozwojowej." Agronomy Science 62, no. 2 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2007.2.1.

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Two series of greenhouse experiments to evaluate the activity of different herbicide doses at various growth stages of Galium aparine and Stellaria media were carried out. Herbicide were applied when Galium aparine was at the following growth stages: 1–2 whorls, 2–3 whorls and 4–5 whorls. Stellaria media also reached three phases: 2–4 leaves, 6–8 leaves and 10–12 leaves at the time of treatment. Four herbicides were tested: Granstar 75 WG, Sekator 6,25 WG, Chwastox Mix 292 EW and Lancet 530 EW in full recommended doses and those lowered by 25%, 50% and 75%. The lowest dose of herbicides: Grans
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JEONG, KEUM SEON, JAE-KWON SHIN, KAE SUN JANG, and KYUNG CHOI. "Galium verum var. hallaensis, a replacement name for the Korean Galium pusillum Nakai (Rubiaceae)." Phytotaxa 302, no. 1 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.10.

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Galium Linnaeus (1753: 105) is one of the largest genera within the family Rubiaceae and consists of approximately 650 species (Soza &amp; Olmstead 2010), mostly annual and perennial herbaceous plants, mainly distributed in temperate regions. The genus is characterized by more than two leaf-like whorls, number of divided petal, rudimentary calyx and two locular ovaries (Ehrendorfer et al. 1994, 2014). Galium has serious problems for identification and taxon delimitation due to severe variations in the morphology of leaves, seed hairs and flowers. It is difficult to be correctly identified beca
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Moskalets, T. Z. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПЛИВУ СОРТІВ ТРИБИ TRITICЕАЕ НА СТРУКТУРУ І КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ СЕГЕТАЛЬНОГО УГРУПУВАННЯ". Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, № 01 (2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201604.

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&lt;p&gt;We studied the influence of varieties of tribe &lt;em&gt;Triticeae&lt;/em&gt; (Soft Wheat, Winter Rye and Winter Triticale) on the structure and competitiveness of segetal vegetation. It is shown that in the conditions of Polissya, Forest-Steppe Polissya, and Forest-Steppe ecotopes the coenotic composition of plant communities was represented mostly by annual plants and at some extent by hemycryptophytes, cryptophytes, and geophytes. The dominant weed associations of Polissya are: &lt;em&gt;Erodium-Neslia; Chenopodiu-Sonchus; Galium-Setaria; Elytrigia-Convolvulus; Apera-Polygonum &lt;
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Mirek, Zbigniew, and Halina Piękoś-Mirkowa. "Distribution and habitats of Galium saxatile L. in the Carpathian Mountains." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 53, no. 3 (2014): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1984.037.

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Altitudinal and geographical distribution, as well as habitats of Sub-Atlantic species &lt;em&gt;Galium saxatile&lt;/em&gt; L. in the Carpathian Mountains were characterized. Geobotanic and phytocoenotic species status in Poland was also discussed. The phenomenon of edaphic vicarism of &lt;em&gt;Galium saxatile&lt;/em&gt; L. and closely related &lt;em&gt;G. anisophyllum&lt;/em&gt; Vill. in the Polish Tatra Mountains was mapped. Some false and not actual information in the literature on this species was corrected.
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Druzhynin, Anatoliy, Ihor Ostrovskyi, Yuriy Khoverko, and Natalia Liakh-Kaguy. "Berry phase appearance in deformed indium antimonide and gallium antimonide whiskers." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2019.02.022.

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The influence of deformation on magnetoresistance features in indium antimonide and gallium antimonide whiskers of n-type conductivity with different doping concentration in the vicinity to the metal-insulator transition (MIT) has been investigated in the temperature range 4.2 – 50 K and the magnetic field 0 – 14 T. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the whole range of magnetic field inductions have been shown in deformed and undeformed whiskers. The amplitude of the magnetoresistance oscillations for both type of samples decreases in accordance with the increase in temperature. Berry phase
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MALIK, N., and W. H. VANDEN BORN. "FALSE CLEAVERS (Galium spurium L.) COMPETITION AND CONTROL IN RAPESEED." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (1987): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-119.

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False cleavers (Galium spurium L.) sown within a week of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) competed with the crop and contaminated the crop seed even when infestation was light. Competition by an infestation of 100 false cleavers m−2 throughout the growing season reduced rapeseed yield by 18%. Trifluralin and ethalfluralin controlled 80–90% of false cleavers, but survivors produced sufficient seeds to contaminate the crop. Selectivity and 85% control were achieved with benazolin amine at 0.5 kg ha−1, but the EC formulation injured the crop.Key words: Galium spurium L., rapeseed, competition, c
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Mitova, Maya, Nedjalka Handjieva, Mincho Anchev, and Simeon Popov. "Iridoid Glucosides from Galium humifusum Bieb." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 7-8 (1999): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-7-805.

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Abstract Galium humifusum, R ubiaceae, Iridoid G lycosides Two new iridoid glucosides, hum ifusin A and hum ifusin B, with a 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p ropionate ester unit were isolated from Galium hum ifusum to g eth er with 11 know n iridoid glucosides asperuloside, scandoside, desacetylasperulosidic acid, asperulosidic acid, genipo-sidic acid, desacetylasperuloside. m onotropein, V I, V2, V3 and daphylloside. The new iri-doids w ere identified on the basis of spectral d ata. 13C N M R d ata for V I and V2 iridoids are reported.
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Jeong, Keum Seon, and Jae-Hong Pak. "The morphological study of Galium L. (Rubiaceae) in Korea." Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42, no. 1 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2012.42.1.001.

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В.Н., ГОДИН. "БИОЛОГИЯ ЦВЕТЕНИЯ GALIUM ODORATUM (RUBIACEAE)". Растительный мир Азиатской России 17, № 2 (2024): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/rmar20240201.

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Изучены антэкологические особенности многолетнего травянистого длиннокорневищного поликарпического растения Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. в Московской области. Наблюдения проведены в 2021-2023 гг. по общепринятым методикам. При низкой освещенности (не более 15 % от полного солнечного света) его особи образуют только обоеполые цветки. При увеличении степени освещенности (до 60 % от полного солнечного света в ясную погоду) на особях формируются обоеполые и тычиночные цветки. Обоеполые цветки G. odoratum строго протандричны. Продолжительность жизни обоеполых цветков составляла 12-14 суток, тычиночны
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Bemmann, W., and P. Kulle. "Rhizosphärenpilze bei Galium aparine L." Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie 143, no. 5 (1988): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0232-4393(88)80033-7.

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Әбілова, А. А., and К. К. Орынбасарова. "MACRO- AND MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE HERB GALIUM SPURIUM L." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 1 (May 19, 2022): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2022.60.43.027.

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Введение. В арсенале фитотерапии нового века имеются виды лекарственных растений, используемых в народной медицине, фармакологическая активность которых научно не изучена. Одним из них является подмаренник ложный, широко распространенный в Казахстане и Туркестанской области. В Статье выявлены анатомо-морфологические признаки растения Galium Spurium L. Целью работы является выявление анатомо-морфологических признаков надземных частей растения подмаренника ложной, собранной в Туркестанской области. Материалы и методы: основным объектом исследования является высушенная трава подмаренника ложного,
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DAŞKIN, RUZİYE, and GÜLŞAH BAĞÇIVAN. "A new species of Galium (Rubiaceae) from Southwest Anatolia, Turkey." Phytotaxa 308, no. 2 (2017): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.308.2.8.

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Galium cariense, a new species from serpentine scree in Denizli and Muğla provinces, SW Anatolia, Turkey, is here described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Galium section Kolgyda and is similar to G. bracteatum, G. penduliflorum and G. peplidifolium, from which it differs by its short, glabrous, reddish stems, small, ovate-oblong, equal cauline leaves, thyrsoid inflorescences, acute to obtuse corolla lobes and narrowly oblong, papillate mericarps. The diagnostic characters of G. cariense and related species are discussed. Moreover, ecology, conservation status and the geographical
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Das, Sujit C., Pradip K. Dev, and M. Atiqur Rahman. "Notes on the Rubiaceae-5: five new records for Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 42, no. 2 (2014): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18027.

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Five species of the family Rubiaceae belonging to five genera are reported here as new records for Bangladesh. These species are Catunaregam longispina (Link) Tirveng, Galium pusillosetosum Hara, Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight, Spermacoce exilis (Williams) Adams ex Burger et Taylor and Tarenna stellulata (Hook.f.) Ridl. In Bangladesh, occurrence of the genus Galium L. is also a new record. Each species is presented with updated nomenclature, commonly known synonyms, taxonomic description, ecology, geographical distribution, places of occurrence in Bangladesh, citation of examined specimens and sup
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