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1

B. J., Sharath Chandra, and Rahul Bose. "Study of the degree of gall bladder wall thickness and its impact on outcomes following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in JSS Hospital." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 4 (2018): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181122.

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Background: Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is presently the gold standard for management of symptomatic gall stone disease, replacing open cholecystectomy. The objective of this study was to measure gall bladder wall thickness preoperatively on ultrasound in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease and to establish its role as a prognostic indicator for complications during or following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Gall bladder wall thickness was measured by ultrasonography in 151 patients who presented with Gallstone disease and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy f
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Arora, Bhavinder K., Rachit Arora, and Akshit Arora. "Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in wall echo complex gall stone disease: a study." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 4 (2017): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171133.

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Background: There are so many subtitles for difficult laproscopic cholecystectomy. Stone in the neck of gall bladder constitutes one of the entities. Wall echo complex is an ultrasound terminology used for cholelithiasis. It has three layers, first the pericholecystic fat between gallbladder and liver. Second layer consists of gall bladder wall. The third layer consists of echogenic stone itself. Wall echo complex is one of the entities which constitute difficult laproscopic cholecystectomy. Wall echo complex in the neck of the gall bladder is particularly difficult gall bladder where the conv
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Parmar, Jitendra, Chander Mohan, and Maulik Vora. "Patterns of Gall Bladder Wall Thickening in Dengue Fever: A Mirror of the Severity of Disease." Ultrasound International Open 03, no. 02 (2017): E76—E81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-105262.

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Abstract Background Dengue fever is a major public health problem with an increased incidence in recent years. Gall bladder wall thickening has been reported as one of the most common findings in dengue fever. There is a paucity of literature regarding the various patterns of gall bladder wall thickening in dengue fever and their significance in predicting the severity of disease. Methodology and Significant Findings Out of 93 seropositive patients included in the study, 54 patients with dengue fever had gall bladder wall thickening. 4 patterns of gall bladder wall thickening are demonstrated
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Azam, Muhammad, Amir Hamza, Maqbool Ahmed, Aftab Ahmed, Samina ., and Allah Bakhsh. "Frequency of Gall‐Bladder Wall Thickness in Patients Suffering from Liver Cirrhosis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (2021): 1038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551038.

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Aim: To evaluate the frequency of gall bladder wall thickness in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Internal Medicine, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta from 01-01-2020 to 31-012-2020. Methodology: Sixty eight diagnosed patients of liver cirrhosis, age ranging between 20 to 60 years, were randomly selected from indoor patient department and they were further evaluated for gall bladder wall thickness.The diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and portal venous hypertension was made by ultrasonography of abdomen, esp
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A., Vijayalakshmi, Sreelekha P., and Kalashankar D. "A study on correlation of gall bladder wall thickness with severity of Dengue fever." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (2019): 2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194719.

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Background: Dengue is an acute viral infection with potentially fatal complications. This study was done to describe the correlation of Gall bladder wall thickness with severity of Dengue fever and to predict the fatal outcome of Dengue fever at the earliest to prevent serious consequences by timely interventions.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Niloufer Hospital, a tertiary care pediatric hospital attached to Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India from October 2017 to November 2018. All children between 1 year to 12 years of age tha
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Jivegård, Lennart, and Joar Svanvik. "Naloxone increases mucosal fluid secretion in the inflamed and distended feline gall bladder: Evidence for a possible protective mechanism by endogenous opioids." Clinical Science 74, no. 2 (1988): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740219.

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1. Endogenous opioid peptides are found in the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract. The opioid peptide enkephalin, which has anti-secretory actions in the small intestine, is also contained in nerves in the gall-bladder wall. 2. In experimental cholecystitis, there is active fluid secretion by the epithelial cells into the gall-bladder lumen, when the intraluminal hydrostatic pressure is low. This fluid secretion to the lumen was abolished by intravenous administration of enkephalin, an effect that was blocked by naloxone pretreatment. The flux of fluid into the lumen was also
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7

Zissin, R., A. Osadchy, M. Shapiro-Feinberg, and G. Gayer. "CT of a thickened-wall gall bladder." British Journal of Radiology 76, no. 902 (2003): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/63382740.

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8

Ahsan, Kamrul, Hosne Ara Begum, Mostafa Shamim Ahsan, Shamim Momtaj, and Mirza Kamrul Zahid. "Abdominal Ultrasonogram in Typhoid Fever: A Useful Diagnostic Tool." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 5, no. 2 (2016): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v5i2.27726.

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Objectives: To See the use of abdominal ultrasonogrphic in the diagnosis of Typhoid fever.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study on enteric fever was carried out during the period of July 2008 to June 2009 on 30 patients between 2 months 12 years of age of either sex admitted with the clinical diagnosis of enteric fever having positive hemoculture for Salmonella typhi or paratyphi and or significant Widal test. Abdominal USG was done at Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Bangladesh atomic energy commission, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital.Result: On ul
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9

Parikh, Jayesh V., Parth R. Dalal, Piyush N. Baraiya, and Sachin R. Vishwakarma. "A case of elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 with a benign cause." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 12 (2020): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205384.

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Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a marker of malignant tumors, is generally slightly elevated in benign conditions. We report a case of cholecystitis with perforated gall bladder with significantly elevated level of serum CA 19-9 based on abdomen computed tomography and intra operative findings. A 70 years diabetic and hypertensive female presented with right hypochondriac pain associated with occasional itching and nausea without vomiting with markedly raised CA 19-9 (1554 U/ml) with CECT abdomen suggestive of perforated gall bladder with cholecystitis. Patient electively operated f
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Murugesan, Sowmya, Chandru R., Ramya Ramakrishnan, Rajiv Raj, and Kishore Kumar G. "Porcelain gall bladder: a case report." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 5 (2018): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181624.

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Porcelain gall bladder is a rare entity and a morphological variant of chronic cholecystitis. Dystrophic calcification along with inflammatory scarring of the wall gives the porcelain nature to the gall bladder. Patients are mostly asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed on X-ray, ultrasound or CT abdomen. In the early stages they can be a surprise as only a histopathological diagnosis. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended in view of high risk of malignancy.
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11

Darmas, B., S. Mahmud, A. Abbas, and AL Baker. "Is there Any Justification for the Routine Histological Examination of Straightforward Cholecystectomy Specimens?" Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 3 (2007): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588407x168361.

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INTRODUCTION Gall bladder carcinoma is a rare malignancy that carries a very poor prognosis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is established as the gold-standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of gall bladder carcinoma and the possibility of reducing the routine histological examination of gall bladder specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pathology laboratory data of gall bladder specimens over a period of 5 years (June 2000 to July 2005) were analysed retrospectively. The case notes were retrieved in all cases of malignancies. RESULTS The t
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Sigdel, Prem R., Nirajan Subedi, Suman Phuyal, Ashik Pokharel, Bikal Ghimire, and Yogendra P. Singh. "Assessment of a Scoring System to Predict Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 42, no. 3 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v42i3.37587.

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Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the procedure of choice for management of symptomatic gallstone disease. It would be useful to have some reliable predictive factors for conversion in LC. Our aim is to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively by using a scoring system.
 MethodsA total of 136 patients were included. The parameters considered for this study were old age, male sex, history of hospitalization, obesity, abdominal surgery scar, palpable gall bladder, gall bladder wall thickness, pericholecystic collection and impacted stone.
 R
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13

Chindarkar, Himanshu, Ramesh Dumbre, Arun Fernandes, and Deepak Phalgune. "Study of correlation between pre-operative ultrasonographic findings and difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 7 (2018): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20182782.

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Background: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy prevention of certain life-threatening complications are dependent on proper patient selection. Some reliable factors to predict difficulty, conversion or complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy are needed. In the present research attempt was made to study correlation between pre-operative abdominal ultrasonographic findings and difficultly in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Sixty patients above age of 18 years with gall stone admitted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Pre-operative ultrasonographic parameters such
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14

Talreja, Vikash, Aun Ali, Rabel Khawaja, Kiran Rani, Sunil Sadruddin Samnani, and Farah Naz Farid. "Surgically Resected Gall Bladder: Is Histopathology Needed for All?" Surgery Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9319147.

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Background.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be gold standard for symptomatic gall stones. As a routine every specimen is sent for histopathological examination postoperatively. Incidentally finding gall bladder cancers in those specimens is around 0.5–1.1%. The aim of this study is to identify those preoperative and intraoperative factors in patients with incidental gall bladder cancer to reduce unnecessary work load on pathologist and cost of investigation particularly in a developing world.Methods.Retrospective records were analyzed from January 2005 to February 2015 in a surgic
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WANG, TEH-FANG, SHINN-JANG HWANG, FA-YAUH LEE, et al. "Gall-bladder wall thickening in patients with liver cirrhosis." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 12, no. 6 (1997): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00464.x.

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16

Pijpers, M., EJ Hazebroek, PPLO Coene, H. Beerman, and D. Vroegindeweij. "Herniation of the gall bladder through the abdominal wall." Australasian Radiology 51 (November 6, 2007): B296—B298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01825.x.

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17

Biswas, PK, PK Das, MH Rahman, and DK Mahanta. "Incidental Carcinoma Gall Bladder in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy for Chronic Calculus Cholecystit is." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 22, no. 2 (2009): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v22i2.37728.

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Carcinoma gall bladder (CaGb) is the most common neoplasm of biliary tract. Aetiology of this tumour is complex, but there is a strong association with gall stones. The symptoms are seldom suggestive of cancer and imaging techniques are usually equivocal. This study was conducted to see the frequency of cancer of gall bladder in patients undergoing surgery for chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis in different age and sex groups in our population. An observational study was conducted in the department of surgery unit-II Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Mukti Clinic Rajshahi on the pat
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18

Songra, Bhupen, Amit Kumar, Mohit Jain, and Gaurav Jalendra. "An observational study to assess male gender as an isolated risk factor in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 8 (2021): 2382. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20213133.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for majority of patients with gall bladder disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of male gender as an isolated risk factor responsible for the increased peri-operative morbidity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by excluding associated risk factors.Methods: This was a prospective observational descriptive study 60 cases of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy admitted to the S. M. S. Hospital from July 2019 to May 2020 were included.Results: The most common age group in male was 41-50 years and in female was
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19

ZUBAIR, MUHAMMAD, and MUHAMMAD AMIR. "GALL STONE ILEUS." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 04 (2007): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.04.4837.

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Gallstone ileus (GSI) is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. Theformation of a fistula between the gall bladder and the bowel wall may allow a gallstone to enter the intestinal tract.Plain abdominal films, abdominal ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography aid in the diagnosis. Surgery is thetreatment of choice in cases of gallstone ileus rate. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented withsymptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a large gallstone impacted in the ileum.The patient was scheduled for exploratory laparotomy. At the ti
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20

Ahirwar, Sovat Lal. "Case series of 200 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, their intra-operative finding and post-operative complication." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 7 (2019): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192973.

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Background: In the current era of laparoscopic procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy are most commonly performed surgery all over the world. The biliary tract injury by laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been found to be higher than open cholecystectomy. So adequate recognition and awareness of anatomical abnormalities of encounter during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can decrease the morbidity and mortality related to surgery.Methods: It is prospective study including 200 patients based on intra-operative finding and their postoperative complication in Bhopal Memorial Hospital and research cen
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21

Lal, P., B. Shaikh, S. Athar, et al. "Pre-operative Prediction of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 1324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561324.

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Aim: To evaluate the factors for prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively. Methods: A Prospective Observational Study conducted at Surgical Unit II, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital Sukkur, from February 2020 to January 2021. Data was collected for 580 patients. All the patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were evaluated with following factors: age, gender, BMI, h/o previous GB disease, comorbids, h/o previous abdominal surgery, tender RHC, palpable gallbladder, ultrasonographic findings of gall bladder wall thickness, pericholecystic fluid collection
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Sochorcova, V., P. Proks, E. Cermakova, and Z. Knotek. "Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the liver, gall bladder and urogenital tract in female red-eared terrapins (Trachemys scripta elegans)." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 12 (2017): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2017-vetmed.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for organ morphology and perfusion in five captive terrapins. Native scans were performed and afterwards an iodinated non-ionic contrast media was manually administered through the jugular vein catheter. Post-contrast CT scans were taken 20 (T<sub>20</sub>), 60 (T<sub>60</sub>) and 180 (T<sub>180</sub>) seconds after the contrast medium administration. Maximum contrast enhancement of the kidneys and the liver was detected at T<sub>20</sub> and T&
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Sehgal, A. "Gall Bladder Wall Edema is Not Pathogenic of Dengue Infection." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 48, no. 5 (2002): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/48.5.315.

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HAYAKAWA, SHINYA, HIDEMI GOTO, YOSHIKI HIROOKA, et al. "Colour Doppler-guided spectral analysis of gall-bladder wall flow." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 13, no. 2 (1998): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1998.tb00635.x.

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Gupta, Amit, Rohik Anjum, Rishit Mani, et al. "Small cell carcinoma of gall bladder: An uncommon histologic entity." Polish Journal of Surgery 93, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4878.

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<b>Introduction:</b> Gall bladder (GB) small cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 0.5% of all gall bladder cancers. It carries a poor prognosis in view of its aggressive nature. <br><b>Case report:</b> We here report a case of small cell carcinoma of GB in a female who presented with obstructive jaundice. Examination revealed a hard lump in the right upper abdomen. Tumour markers showed raised CA 19-9. Staging CECT of the thorax and abdomen reported polypoidal enhancing wall thickening of the gall bladder with multiple metastatic deposits close to the pancreatic head en
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Pathak, Priyank, and Rihan Zaidi. "Role of gallbladder wall thickness in predicting laparoscopic operability prior to cholecystectomy: a retrospective analysis." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 5 (2018): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20181603.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard procedure for cholecystitis. There are variable rates of conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Various studies have highlighted gall bladder wall thickness of > 3mm as an independent risk factor for conversion. The purpose of our study is to predict the feasibility of cholecystectomy laparoscopically bases on the pre-operative ultrasound guided measurement of gall bladder wall thickness.Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science
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Naidu, Y. Thathayya, and R. Kiranmai. "A Study on Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Dengue Fever." Asian Journal of Medical Radiological Research 8, no. 1 (2020): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47009/ajmrr.2020.8.1.25.

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Background: Dengue Fever is an acute mosquito transmitted viral infection caused by one of the 4 serotypes of the genus flavivirus which has become a major international public health problem. The diagnosis of DF is often delayed owing to time taken for availability of serology test results. Moreover, this test is expensive and not widely available. Ultrasonography (USG) is a cheap, rapid and widely available non-invasive imaging method. In recent years several studies concluded that Ultrasonography of the chest and abdomen can be an important adjunct to clinical profile in diagnosis of DF and
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Salah, Sami E. E., and Hawa Yahia. "Gall Bladder Wall Thickness as a Predictor for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Difficulties in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 2, no. 3 (2021): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.77.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a revolutionary change in the treatment of patients with gallbladder stones. Multiple studies have identified factors that are predictive of surgical difficulties including preoperative ultra-sonographic findings.
 Objective: To determine the effectiveness of sonographic measurement of gall bladder wall thickness as a predictive factor for laparoscopic cholecystectomy difficulties in Gadarif Teaching Hospital, Sudan.
 Patients and methods: This are a prospective, observational, analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study in which all pa
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Thurwal, Kartik, and Seema Kumari. "Case report and operative management of obstructed epigastric hernia containing gall bladder: a rare entity." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 11 (2020): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204698.

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An obstructed epigastric hernia containing gall bladder is a very rare entity and there are only few cases described in literature previously. A 69 year old woman presented at the emergency department at 1.00 a.m. with complains of pain and swelling in upper abdomen and having recurrent vomiting. As patient was sick and there was no imaging facility available at that time, patient was taken to OT in view of obstructed epigastric hernia. When abdomen was opened hernia sac containing gall bladder was seen. Then cholecystectomy and repair of the abdominal wall defect were performed. The patient r
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Islam, Md Reazul, Rashida Khaton, Md Aktharul Alam, Md Jalal Uddin Sarder, and Md Najmul Hassan Parvez. "Comparative histomorphological study of non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal Goat." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 4 (2018): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i4.40114.

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The purpose of this study was to comparative histomorphological investigation of the non affected and affected bile duct and gall bladder by fascioliasis in Black Bengal goat. The average weight of affected gall bladder was 26.10±0.70 gm which was significantly (p<0.001) higher than non affected gall bladder (19.40±0.96 gm). The average length and girth of affected gall bladder were 10.30±0.37 cm and 8.24±0.30 cm, respectively which were also significantly (p<0.001) higher than the length (6.10±0.30 cm) and Girth (5.85±0.25 cm) of non-affected gall bladder of Black Bengal Goat. The gross
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Gupta, Amit, ROHIK ANJUM, Rishit Mani, et al. "Small cell carcinoma of gall bladder: An uncommon histologic entity." Polish Journal of Surgery 92, no. 5 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3177.

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Gall bladder small cell carcinoma (scc) comprises of 0.5% of all GB cancers. It carries a poor prognosis in view of its aggressive nature. We here report a case of small cell carcinoma GB 55-year old lady presented with features of obstructive jaundice with significant weight loss. Examination revealed hard lump in right upper abdomen with multiple scratch marks all over the body. Clinically she had jaundice. Blood investigations revealed hyperbilirubinemia. Tumour markers showed raised CA 19-9. Staging CECT thorax and Abdomen reported polypoidal enhancing wall thickening of gall bladder with
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Müller, Thiago R., Raquel S. Marcelino, Livia P. de Souza, Carlos R. Teixeira, and Maria J. Mamprim. "Ultrasonographic anatomy of the healthy southern tigrina (Leopardus guttulus) abdomen: comparison with domestic cat references." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 2 (2016): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x15617498.

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Objectives The aim of the study was to describe the normal abdominal echoanatomy of the tigrina and to compare it with the abdominal echoanatomy of the domestic cat. Reference intervals for the normal abdominal ultrasonographic anatomy of individual species are important for accurate diagnoses and interpretation of routine health examinations. The hypothesis was that the echoanatomy of the tigrina was similar to that of the domestic cat. Methods Eighteen clinically healthy tigrina were selected for abdominal ultrasound examination, in order to obtain normal parameters of the bladder, spleen, a
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Hasanat, Md Abul, Farida Yasmin Shelly, Monowara Begum, Md Durul Huda, and Md Masudul Hasan Khan. "Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Gall Bladder Diseases." Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 7, no. 1-2 (2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v7i1-2.53963.

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Background & objective: The majority of published data on the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of gallbladder pathology was conducted over 30 years ago. Since then the quality and resolution of ultrasonography has improved significantly. It is, therefore, essential to asses afresh whether the progression in technology has translated into improved diagnostic accuracy. The present study was undertaken to find the usefulness of US in diagnosing gallbladder diseases with particular reference to cholecystitis and gall bladder carcinoma.
 Methods: This cross-s
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Sharma, Digvijoy, Kunduru Nava Kishore, Gangadhar Rao Gondu, et al. "Predictive factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: an institutional study." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 8 (2018): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20183210.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones. However, a conversion to open surgery may be required to complete the procedure safely. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive factors of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in elective setting.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy electively for symptomatic gallstones from January 2016 to December 2017 was performed. Data considered for analysis were: demographic data, preoperative laboratory values of liver
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Gul, Palwasha, Pari Gul, Omer Altaf, Talha Yaseen Kaimkhani, and Hira Asghar. "Spectrum of computed tomography findings in gall bladder carcinoma patients: a retrospective observational study from tertiary care oncology setup." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 7 (2020): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202809.

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Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (CA) is the most common primary biliary carcinoma and fifth most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients are usually asymptomatic early in the course of the disease and as a result, therapeutic window is usually missed. Authors discuss spectrum of imaging findings in CA gall bladder with multidetector computed tomography (CT) as modality of choice.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Shaukat Khanum memorial hospital and research centre. Data from January 2019 to January 2020 which included 70 patients was collected from H
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Ghafoor, Nusrat, Naffisa Abedin, and AS Mohiuddin. "Role of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Gallbladder Malignancy." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 8, no. 2 (2017): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v8i2.33665.

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Background & objective: Ultrasonogram (USG) and computed tomography (CT) are often used in the evaluation of gall-bladder carcinoma. Thepresent study was conducted to determine the usefulness of USG and CT scan in diagnosing gallbladder carcinoma.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM in collaboration with the Departments of Hepato-biliary Surgery, and Histopathology of the same institute over a period of 3 years fromJuly 2004 to June 2006. A total of 42 patients (ranging from 40-80 years) were initiall
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VAN ERPECUM, K. J., and G. P. VAN BERGE-HENEGOUWEN. "Gallstones: an intestinal disease?" Gut 44, no. 3 (1999): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.3.435.

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Current evidence suggests that impaired intestinal motility may facilitate gallstone formation by influencing biliary deoxycholate levels or by modulating interdigestive gall bladder motility (fig 2), although a primary intestinal defect in gallstone pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. In the cold war period, most interesting events, from a political point of view, occurred at the border between capitalist and communist systems, near the iron curtain. Similarly, the gall bladder and biliary tract can be viewed as the border between liver and intestinal tract, where many interesting thi
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Ibrarullah, Md, L. K. Kacker, S. S. Sikora, R. Saxena, V. K. Kapoor, and S. P. Kaushik. "Partial Cholecystectomy Safe and Effective." HPB Surgery 7, no. 1 (1993): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/52802.

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Patients undergoing surgical treatment for calculous disease were considered to have had a partial cholecystectomy performed when a part of the gall bladder wall was retained for technical reasons. Forty patients underwent partial cholecystectomy: for chronic cholecystitis (20), acute cholecystitis (4), Mirizzi's syndrome (14), portal hypertension or partially accesible gall bladder (one patient each). Four patients (10%) developed infective complications and two patients had retained common bile duct stones. In a mean follow up period of 13 months (range 1–36 mths), only 3 patients have ongoi
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Philip, Chinnu Mariam, Malini Eapen, and Sudhindran S. "Bilious mask: parasite masquerading as malignant gall bladder polyp." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): e241712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-241712.

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A 31-year-old woman, presenting with right upper quadrant pain, was suspected to have malignant gall bladder polyp based on MRI and CT scan findings. She underwent radical cholecystectomy with excision of bile duct and hepaticojejunostomy. Surprisingly, histology revealed parasitic remnants within the bile duct wall with no evidence of malignancy. A year later, this young woman suffers significant impairment of quality of life, perhaps an aftermath to the radicality of the surgery. Our case demonstrates a masquerade of ‘malignant biliary polyp’ by a parasite. This raises the need for extensive
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40

Vishnu, K., V. Gupta, T. D. Yadav, B. R. Mittal, N. Kalra, and K. Vaiphei. "Clinicopathological correlation of 18F-FDG PET in characterizing gall bladder wall thickening." HPB 20 (September 2018): S711—S712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.1425.

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41

Lupaltsov, V. I., К. А. Vander, A. I. Yagnyuk, and S. S. Kitchenko. "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF CONTRAINDICATIONS TO LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH AT OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.1.2020.14.

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Summary. Acute cholecystitis is one of the most frequent urgent pathology – about 10-15 %.
 Purpose of the analysis – to improve the outcomes of the surgical treatment elderly and senile age patients with acute cholecystitis based on ultrasonic method investigation of a perivesical infiltration.
 Materials and method. Clinical investigation and the analysis of results of surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis at 147 patients were carried out. In all cases, cholelithiasis was the cause of acute cholecystitis. Differential criteria of the choice of surgical approach were formed befo
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Victor, Naveen Sundaram, Negine Paul, Aparna Jagannathan Munjurpattu, and Ravish Sanghi Raju. "Masquerade: an unusual presentation of gall bladder perforation as umbilical fistula." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (2021): e243862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243862.

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A 75-year-old woman presented with intermittent abdominal pain and distention for 2 months, followed by purulent discharge from the umbilicus for ten days. She was evaluated and diagnosed to have perforation of the gall bladder leading to formation of an anterior abdominal wall abscess which presented as an umbilical fistula. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy along with lay open of abscess in the falciform ligament and curettage of the umbilical fistula tract. She had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
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43

Narasimhan, Denesh, Silpita Katragadda, and M. Sathish. "Retrospective analysis of ultrasound features of dengue infection." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 12 (2017): 5260. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175436.

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Background: Dengue infection is an extremely common infection in tropical countries. It is considered to be prevalent all-round the year. The aim of the study was to analyse the ultrasound features of serologically proven dengue cases. To correlate the platelet count with ultrasound features of dengue.Methods: Study included dengue patients admitted from January 2011 to December 2012. Dengue was diagnosed by IgM antibody test. All patients underwent ultrasound evaluation and platelet count testing.Results: most common finding was ascites in 43 cases (39.8%), splenomegaly in 41 cases (37.9%), r
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Jurczak, Florent, and Jean-Paul Pousset. "Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Combined Using Miniaturised Instruments in Transgastric Gall Bladder Removal: Performed on 63 Patients." Minimally Invasive Surgery 2010 (2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/582763.

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Background. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a perfectly codified surgical procedure. The development of recent innovative and experimental surgical techniques Natural Orifice transluminal endoscopic surger (N.O.T.E.S.) which reduces the abdominal wall trauma leads us to develop a combined procedure of a standard dissection using miniaturised instruments already existing on the market (3 and 5 mm wide) and a gall bladder removal through a short gastrotomy Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction (N.O.S.E.).Methods. Our objective was to evaluate the safety, the feasibility, and the reproducibilit
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Hasan, Md Mahboob, Syeda Zeenat Laila, and Md Monjur Hasan Mamun. "Incidence of Gallbladder Carcinoma in Thick Walled Gallbladder in Comparison with that of Normal Thickness – A Study of 300 Cases." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 34, no. 4 (2017): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v34i4.32486.

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Background: Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer. Delayed presentation and early spread of tumor made it one of the lethal tumors with poor prognosis.Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the incidence of GBC in thick walled gall bladder (GB) in comparison with that of normal wall thickness.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka, CMH Momenshahi and CMH Ghatail during the period of June 2007 to June 2014. A total 300 patients underwent cholecystectomy were studied retrospectively. Diagnosis was co
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Galliano, Andrea, Audrey Belmudes, and Nicholas J. Bacon. "Cholecystocutaneous fistula and associated cholelithiasis in an eight-year-old dachshund." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 2 (2019): e000786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000786.

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An eight-year-old female neutered dachshund presented with a three-month history of a chronic swelling on her cranioventral abdominal wall. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy were ineffective. The swelling was 2 cm wide with a pinpoint open centre discharging purulent material. Contrast CT of the abdomen revealed an enlarged gall bladder, several cholecystoliths and a fistulous tract opening at a single site on the midline, just caudal to the xyphoid process. Cholecystectomy and removal of the entire fistulous tract via exploratory laparotomy resulted in rapid and complete resolution. Cu
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Singh, Harpreet, Roop Kishan Kaul, Naveen Kumar Singh, Aviral Gupta, and Vikram Singh Yadav. "Evaluation of gall bladder mucosal changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 11 (2019): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20195132.

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Background: Histopathological changes induced by gall stone disease or cholelithiasis are diverse including acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, glandular hyperplasia, granulomatous inflammation, cholesterosis, dysplasia and carcinoma. Hence, this study was planned to assess gallbladder mucosal changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and it’s correlation with number and types of stone.Methods: A total of 50 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis scheduled to undergo laproscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after written and informed consent from October 2015 to October
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Menon, Aravind. "A comprehensive review of the factors predicting technical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 4 (2017): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171126.

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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common laparoscopic procedure performed all over the world. It has now become the gold standard management for symptomatic gallstones. Aim of the study was to identify and highlight the predictive factors determining intra operative technical difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A database search was done in Medline, Google scholar and Journal seek using keywords ‘Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy’, ‘difficult cholecystectomy’ and ‘predictive factors’. 54 abstracts were shortlisted out of which 15 were selected based on the time of publication (after
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Mekhtiev, S. N., O. A. Mekhtieva, and Z. M. Ibragimova. "Functional gall-bladder disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: clinical features and new approaches to therapy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 15 (October 22, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-15-54-64.

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Introduction. Statistical data indicate a frequent combination of functional biliary disorders with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of Phosphogliv® URSO in patients with functional disorders of the gall-bladder, biliary sludge in combination with fatty hepatosis in comparison with the group receiving monotherapy ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with a diagnosis of functional gall-bladder disorder, biliary sludge in combination with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients of the main group received mono
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Parmar, Hardik, Sahdevsinh Chauhan, R. Arun, and Akshay Sutaria. "Pre-operative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy from clinical, hematological and radiological parameters." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 12 (2018): 3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185008.

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Background: The aim of study was to formulate a scoring system to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) pre-operatively; depending on the specific parameters of an individual patient.Methods: We have included 100 patients who underwent LC from July 2010 to December 2012. Conversion to open cholecystectomy in relation with age, sex, attack of acute cholecystitis, fever, abdominal tenderness, serum amylase and LDH level, status of GB and GB wall thickness, number of stone, leukocyte count and CBD diameter were assessed.Results: The most important reason for conversion was adhesions
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