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Journal articles on the topic 'Gall oak'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Eliason, Eileen, and Daniel Potter. "Biology and Management of the Horned Oak Gall Wasp on Pin Oak." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 27, no. 2 (2001): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2001.012.

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The horned oak gall wasp (Callirhytis cornigera) induces large, woody galls on twigs of oak; these galls can disfigure trees and result in extensive branch dieback. This paper reviews our recent research on the pest's biology and management on cultivated pin oaks (Quercus palustris) in Lexington, Kentucky, U.S., especially aspects that are of greatest relevance to tree care professionals. The gall wasp has alternating agamic (all female) and sexual generations that develop, respectively, in multi-chambered twig galls and single-chambered leaf galls along veins. Wasp development required about

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2

Pascual-Alvarado, Enrique, Douhglas Eliseo Castillejos-Lemus, Pablo Cuevas-Reyes, and Ken Oyama. "Diversity of galls induced by wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) associated with oaks (Fagaceae: Quercus) in Mexico." Botanical Sciences 95, no. 3 (2017): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1215.

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<p><strong>Background.</strong> Gall-inducing insects make up a guild of highly specialized endophagous herbivores. The cynipids (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are highly diversified gall-inducing wasps that are largely associated with oaks (Fagaceae: <em>Quercus</em>). Mexico is one of the centers of diversification for the <em>Quercus</em> genus with 161 described species, of which 109 are endemic.</p><p><strong>Questions / hypothesis.</strong> The present study aims to identify the gall richness, gall morphological variat

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3

Drekić, Milan, Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, Branislav Kovačević, Marina Milović, Andrej Pilipović, and Verica Vasić. "Sessile oak fauna of cynipid gall wasps of Mt Fruška gora." Topola, no. 206 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/topola2005059d.

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This study presents investigation of sessile oak cynipid gall wasps fauna of Mt Fruška Gora. Gall wasps are insects, from the family Cynipidae, that induces galls mainly on oaks. Complex of sessile oak cynipid gall wasps were investigated during 4-year period (2016 - 2019). The survey was carried out on five sites: Kraljeve stolice, Spomenik, Brankovac, Ležimir and Rohalj baze. At total, number of seventeen cynipid gall wasps species were identified: Andricus aries (Girauld, 1859), Andricus caliciformis (Giraud, 1859), Andricus coriarius (Hartig, 1843), Andricus curvator (Hartig, 1840), Andric

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4

Brown, Guerin E., Corey J. Lewis, Kathy Fridrich, et al. "Discovery of two Palearctic Bootanomyia Girault (Hymenoptera, Megastigmidae) parasitic wasp species introduced to North America." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98 (July 2, 2025): 653–65. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.98.152867.

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Invasive species are among the greatest threats to ecosystems, but our ability to detect species introductions varies across taxa. Parasitoid wasps, though one of the most species-rich groups of all animals, are small and have ephemeral adult stages, such that they often go unnoticed. Here, we document two separate introductions of European parasitoids of oak gall wasps into North America. Both wasps key morphologically to Bootanomyia dorsalis (Fabricus), which previous genetic data from Europe suggest comprises two distinct species, B. dorsalis sp. 1 and B. dorsalis sp. 2. We find B. dorsalis

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5

Giannetti, Castracani, Spotti, Mori, and Grasso. "Gall-Colonizing Ants and Their Role as Plant Defenders: From ‘Bad Job’ to ‘Useful Service’." Insects 10, no. 11 (2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10110392.

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Galls are neoformed structures on host plant tissues caused by the attack of insects or other organisms. They support different communities of specialized parasitic insects (the gall inducers), and can also provide refuge to other insects, such as moths, beetles and ants, referred to as secondary occupants. This study focuses on galls induced by the oak gall wasp Andricus quercustozae and secondarily colonized by ants in a mixed oak forest. A field survey and two experiments were carried out to a) study ant (species-specific) preferences for different features of the galls, b) describe differe

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6

GARCÍA-MARTIÑÓN, ROSA D., AMANDO EQUIHUA-MARTÍNEZ, EDITH G. ESTRADA VENEGAS, et al. "Reticulodermis lithogalla gen. nov. and sp. nov. of oak gall wasp from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)." Zootaxa 5486, no. 1 (2024): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.1.4.

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A new genus of oak gall wasp, Reticulodermis Pujade-Villar, Cuesta-Porta & Melika gen. nov. and a new species R. lithogalla García-Martiñón & Pujade-Villar sp. nov. are described from Mexico. Reticulodermis is known only from the asexual generation that induces galls on leaves of Quercus crassipes Humb. & Bonpl. (section Lobatae). We provide the diagnosis, distribution and biological data on the new species. An identification key to the genera of oak gall wasps inducing galls on the section Lobatae is given.

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7

Jankiewicz, Leszek S., Marzenna Guzicka, and Agnieszka Marasek-Ciołakowska. "Structure and Ultrastructure of Three Oak Leaf Galls: Cynips quercusfolii L., Neuroterus numismalis Geoffroy and Cynips longiventris Hartig." Insects 16, no. 2 (2025): 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16020173.

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The structural and ultrastructural characteristics of galls induced by three species of insects parasitizing on oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) were examined utilizing light and fluorescent microscopes, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The tissues of the investigated galls exhibited marked differences from those of a typical oak leaf. In the Cynips quercusfolii L. gall, the larval chamber in its final stage was formed from the remnants of dead cells that remained after larval feeding on the gall nutritive tissue. The cells of the gall nutritive tissue and the cells of t

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8

Jara-Chiquito, Juan Luis, Richard R. Askew, and Juli Pujade-Villar. "The invasive ACGW Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Spain: native parasitoid recruitment and association with oak gall inducers in Catalonia." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 1 (2019): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz061.

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Abstract The Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), is an invasive pest that affects chestnut trees. The first record of this pest in Spain was in 2012, in Catalonia, and it is now distributed in virtually every chestnut growing area in the country. In this study, we present an overview of parasitoid recruitment by ACGW in Catalonia over a 4-year period (2013–2016) comparing parasitoid communities attacking galls on oak and chestnut trees at the same sites. A total of 22 species of native parasitoids that normally attack oak cynipids emerged from ACGW

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9

LOBATO-VILA, IRENE, ALBA SALA-NISHIKAWA, GEORGE MELIKA, et al. "A catalogue, revision, and regional perspective of Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental oak gall wasps and their inquilines (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini, Synergini, Ceroptresini)." Zootaxa 5161, no. 1 (2022): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5161.1.1.

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Recent years have seen rapid advances in the study of Fagaceae-associated gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Eastern Palaearctic and the Oriental (EPO) regions, for both the gall inducing Cynipini (commonly termed oak gall wasps though many species gall non-oak Fagaceae) and the predominantly inquiline tribes Synergini and Ceroptresini. This process has propagated some taxonomic errors and involves many taxa whose taxonomic status is uncertain. To provide a stable foundation for further advance, here we review the taxonomic status of the 212 species (133 oak gall wasps and 79 oak cynip

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10

Kuhlman, E. G., and F. R. Matthews. "Variation in virulence among single-aeciospore isolates from single-gall isolates of Cronartiumquercuum f.sp. fusiforme." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 1 (1993): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-011.

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Single aeciospores from single-gall isolates of Cronartiumquercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme previously shown to have virulence toward resistant half-sib loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) families 10-5, 11-20, or 29R were propagated in the asexual uredial stage on leaves of oak seedlings. Only 80 of 1086 single aeciospores from a single-gall isolate with virulence towards family 10-5 produced symptoms of infection on the oaks, and 17 infections produced telia directly. Thirty-two single-aeciospore isolates were propagated from the 63 uredinia. Half-sib progeny of 10-5 were inoculate

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11

Przybylska-Balcerek, Anna, and Kinga Stuper-Szablewska. "The Influence of Cynips quercusfolii on the Content of Biofunctional Plant Metabolites in Various Morphological Parts of Quercus robur." Molecules 30, no. 13 (2025): 2687. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132687.

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English oak (Quercus robur) hosts over 200 species of galls formed by insect larvae, most notably the oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii). These galls result from the abnormal growth of plant tissue in response to oviposition, acting as a shelter and nutrient source for the larvae. In addition, the galls trigger oxidative stress in the host plant, resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This stress response promotes the biosynthesis of antioxidant compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. To our knowledge, this is the first study to monitor s

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12

MARTÍNEZ-ROMERO, AITOR, ALEXIS VERA-ORTIZ, ARMANDO EQUIHUA-MARTÍNEZ, et al. "Description of two new species of the Torymus advenus species group (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) from Mexico." Zootaxa 5507, no. 1 (2024): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5507.1.7.

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Two new species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) belonging to the advenus species group, Torymus tumoralis Martínez-Romero, Janšta & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., and T. papularis Martínez-Romero, Janšta & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov., are described from Mexico. Torymus tumoralis (warreni subgroup) emerged from Andricus Hartig tumoral galls, and Melikaiella nr amphibolensis Pujade-Villar galls (Cynipidae: Cynipini) on oaks. Torymus papularis (advenus subgroup) is associated to an unidentified oak gall midge (Cecidomyiidae). Diagnosis, distribution, and data on biology of the new species are p

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13

Weinersmith, Kelly L., Andrew A. Forbes, Anna K. G. Ward, Pedro F. P. Brandão-Dias, Y. Miles Zhang, and Scott P. Egan. "Arthropod Community Associated With the Asexual Generation of Bassettia pallida (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113, no. 5 (2020): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa009.

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Abstract Cynipid gall wasps play an important role in structuring oak arthropod communities. Wasps in the Cynipini tribe typically lay their eggs in oaks (Quercus L.), and induce the formation of a ‘gall’, which is a tumor-like growth of plant material that surrounds the developing wasp. As the wasp develops, the cynipid and its gall are attacked by a diverse community of natural enemies, including parasitoids, hyperparasitoids, and inquilines. Determining what structures these species-rich natural enemy communities across cynipid gall wasp species is a major question in gall wasp biology. Add

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14

Castillo-Mendoza, Elgar, Leticia Valencia-Cuevas, Patricia Mussali-Galante, et al. "White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels." Diversity 17, no. 1 (2025): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17010062.

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The hybridization phenomenon increases genetic diversity and modifies recombinant individuals’ secondary metabolite (SMs) content, affecting the canopy-dependent community. Hybridization events occur when Quercus rugosa and Q. glabrescens oaks converge in sympatry. Here, we analyzed the effect of the genetic diversity (He) and SMs of Q. rugosa, Q. glabrescens and hybrids on the community of gall-inducing wasps (Cynipidae) and their parasitoids on 100 oak canopy trees in two allopatric and two hybrid zones. Eighteen gall wasp species belonging to six genera and six parasitoid genera contained i

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15

Kot, I., C. Sempruch, K. Rubinowska, and W. Michałek. "Effect ofNeuroterus quercusbaccarum(L.) galls on physiological and biochemical response ofQuercus roburleaves." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 1 (2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000221.

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AbstractGall formation is associated with multiple changes in plant cells, which still requires a better understanding. In this study, galls caused by sexual generation (♀♂) ofNeuroterus quercusbaccarum(L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on pedunculate oak trees (Quercus roburL.) were used as a model. Cytoplasmic membrane condition, concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the activity of antioxidant enzymes and amino acid decarboxylase as well as chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in foliar tissues with galls and

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O’Loughlin, Brendan, Pedro F. P. Brandão-Dias, Michael W. Gates, and Scott P. Egan. "Description of a new species of Chrysonotomyia Ashmead from Houston, Texas, USA (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)." ZooKeys 1212 (September 18, 2024): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1212.127537.

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A new species of the genus Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, Chrysonotomyia susbellisp. nov., is described from the Rice University campus in Houston, Texas, USA. The species is a parasitoid emerging from Neuroterus nr. bussae galls in leaves of the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana). This represents the 6th species described from North America north of Mexico and the first in the world known to parasitize cynipid gall wasps. This discovery hints at an entire undiscovered niche between Chrysonotomyia parasitoids, cynipid gall wasps, and oaks in the Nearctic, which is a global biodiversity hotspot fo

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O'Loughlin, Brendan, Pedro F. P. Brandão-Dias, Michael W. Gates, and Scott P. Egan. "Description of a new species of Chrysonotomyia Ashmead from Houston, Texas, USA (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)." ZooKeys 1212 (September 18, 2024): 241–54. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1212.127537.

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A new species of the genus <i>Chrysonotomyia</i> Ashmead, <i>Chrysonotomyia susbelli</i> sp. nov., is described from the Rice University campus in Houston, Texas, USA. The species is a parasitoid emerging from Neuroterus nr. bussae galls in leaves of the southern live oak (<i>Quercus virginiana</i>). This represents the 6th species described from North America north of Mexico and the first in the world known to parasitize cynipid gall wasps. This discovery hints at an entire undiscovered niche between <i>Chrysonotomyia</i> parasitoids, cynipid gall wasps, and oaks in the Nearctic, which is a g

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18

PUJADE-VILLAR, JULI, GABRIEL SAVALL-ROIG, ARMANDO EQUIHUA-MARTÍNEZ, et al. "Description of Neuroandricus a new genus of gall wasp (Hym.: Cynipidae) and a new species of associated Sycophila (Hym.: Eurytomidae)." Zootaxa 5538, no. 2 (2024): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5538.2.5.

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A new genus of oak gall wasps, Neuroandricus Pujade-Villar & Melika, gen. nov., with one new species, N. pustulatus Pujade-Villar & Melika, sp. nov. is described from Mexico. The new Cynipini species is known from its asexual generation which induces galls on leaves of Quercus (section Quercus). Also, a new species of gall-associated parasitoid is described, Sycophila baldufi Savall-Roig & Pujade-Villar, sp. nov. (Eurytomidae), emerged from N. pustulatus galls. Diagnosis, distribution and biological data of the new species are given.

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Jankiewicz, Leszek Stanisław, Marzenna Guzicka, and Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska. "Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Galls Induced by Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Oak Leaves (Quercus robur)." Insects 12, no. 10 (2021): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100850.

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The structure and ultrastructure of two developmental stages of the spangle gall induced by Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) were investigated using light microscopy (LM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. The general design of the gall structure was typical of Cynipidae, but some structural features distinguished the spangle gall. Previously undescribed, characteristic multicellular epidermal protuberances with large openings were observed in autumn on the surface of galls. These may facilitate the gas exchange betw

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CERASA, GIULIANO, SALVATORE SOTTILE, BRUNO MASSA, and GABRIELLA LO VERDE. "Rediscovery of Cerroneuroterus apenninus (Trotter, 1923) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) a valid species from Italy with description and neotype designation ." Zootaxa 4941, no. 3 (2021): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4941.3.5.

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Neuroterus apenninus Trotter, 1923 associated with a Cerris section oak, Quercus cerris L., was rediscovered in Italy in 2017. Alessandro Trotter (1903) described a leaf gall collected on Q. cerris from the Italian Apennines; he did not obtain the gall inductor and ascribed the galls to the genus Neuroterus, based on morphological similarity with other Neuroterus galls. We have found the same gall and obtained the gall inducer. Detailed study of morphological characters of adults revealed that the species belongs to the genus Cerroneuroterus Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2010. The asexual genera

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Gobbo, Erik, Nicolas Lartillot, Jack Hearn, et al. "From Inquilines to Gall Inducers: Genomic Signature of a Life-Style Transition in Synergus Gall Wasps." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 11 (2020): 2060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa204.

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Abstract Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce complex galls on oaks, roses, and other plants, but the mechanism of gall induction is still unknown. Here, we take a comparative genomic approach to revealing the genetic basis of gall induction. We focus on Synergus itoensis, a species that induces galls inside oak acorns. Previous studies suggested that this species evolved the ability to initiate gall formation recently, as it is deeply nested within the genus Synergus, whose members are mostly inquilines that develop inside the galls of other species. We compared the genome of S. itoensi

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LILJEBLAD, JOHAN, FREDRIK RONQUIST, JOSE-LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY, et al. "A fully web-illustrated morphological phylogenetic study of relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." Zootaxa 1796, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1796.1.1.

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Large morphological phylogenetics analyses are often poorly documented because of the constraints of traditional print journals, making it difficult to critically evaluate the data and build on it in future studies. We use modern information technology to overcome this problem in a comprehensive analysis of higher relationships among oak gall wasps and their closest relatives. Our morphological characters are documented by more than 2,000 images deposited in the open web image database Morphbank (http://www.morphbank.net), allowing one-click access from character and character state descriptio

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MEDIANERO, ENRIQUE, JAMES A. NICHOLLS, GRAHAM N. STONE, and JOSÉ LUIS NIEVES-ALDREY. "A new genus of Neotropical oak gall wasp, Prokius Nieves-Aldrey, Medianero & Nicholls, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with description of two new species from Panama." Zootaxa 5081, no. 2 (2021): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.2.

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A new genus, Prokius Nieves Aldrey, Medianero & Nicholls, gen. nov., and two new species of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), Prokius cambrai Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey sp. nov. and Prokius lisethiae Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey sp. nov., are described from adults reared from galls on Quercus bumelioides Liebm (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, white oaks) collected in Panama. The new genus is phylogenetically and morphologically close to Dros Kinsey and forms part of a large clade that includes species from several other genera that appear to require revision, including Andric

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PUJADE-VILLAR, JULI, BETZABETH C. PÉREZ-TORRES, ALLEN J. COOMBES, et al. "Description of the first species of gall wasp (Hym., Cynipidae: Cynipini) on Quercus grahamii (Fagaceae)." Zootaxa 5403, no. 3 (2024): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.3.6.

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A new species of oak gall wasp, Andricus coombesi Pujade-Villar & Pérez-Torres n. sp. from Mexico, known only from its asexual generation that induces galls on acorns of Quercus grahamii Benth., (section Lobatae) is described. Its presence causes the complete disappearance of the acorn. Diagnosis, distribution and biological data of the new species are given. Andricus coombesi Pujade-Villar & Pérez-Torres n. sp. represents the first gall wasp species mentioned from this host.

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Mete, Özlem, Musa Tataroğlu, and Yusuf Katılmış. "New records for the association between eulophid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) and gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae and Diplolepididae)." Turkish Journal of Forestry | Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi 26, no. 1 (2025): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1595809.

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To expand knowledge on gall communities, we identified 10 species from 6 genera within the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) found in oak and rose galls (formed by Cynipidae and Diplolepididae) collected in northeastern Anatolia. The eulophid parasitoids identified in this study represent new associate records for the gall wasp species examined. Additionally, Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838), Stepanovia rosae Boyadzhiev and Todorov, 2013, and Aprostocetus levadiensis Graham, 1987 are recorded for the first time in the fauna of Türkiye.

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SHACHAR, EINAT, GEORGE MELIKA, MOSHE INBAR, and NETTA DORCHIN. "The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini)—diversity, distribution and life history." Zootaxa 4521, no. 4 (2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1.

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Oak-galling wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) have been studied in Israel only superficially so far, despite interest in the Israeli fauna given its location at the southern edge of distribution range of the wasps and their oak hosts. We provide the first comprehensive review of the Israeli fauna of oak cynipids based on an extensive survey of the five naturally occurring oak species in Israel. We report 53 cynipid species, 37 of which are reported from Israel for the first time, 10 are currently known only from this country, and 9 are undescribed. With 27 species, Andricus is by far th

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KECHRID, RACHID, YASMINE ADJAMI, KHAMSSA KERMICHE, and MOHAMED LAID OUAKID. "Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) associated with oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in northeastern Algeria." Zootaxa 5647, no. 6 (2025): 541–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.6.3.

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Cynipid galls on oak (Fagaceae: Quercus) are natural microcosms that support many insect species, including the gall inducers (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini), cynipid inquilines, and chalcid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Little is known about these communities in North Africa, and here we report the results of the first systematic surveys in northeastern Algeria. Thirteen Cynipini species gall generations were reared from 999 galls on Quercus suber L. and Q. faginea Lam. collected between 2022 and 2024. A total of 242 parasitoids representing 19 chalcid species in seven families

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Öztürk, Nuray, Beşir Yüksel, İsmail Baysal, and Süleyman Akbulut. "The Determination of Harmful Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera Species in Forest Nurseries in the Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye." Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 24, no. 1 (2024): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1460642.

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Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the harmful Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera species in some forest nurseries between 2021 and 2022.  Area of study: The study areas were selected from forest nurseries located in the Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye.  Material and methods: Visual inspections were performed on plants, then larvae and gall samples were collected by hand and photographed on host plants. Gall wasps were reared with the galls and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Collected caterpillars and sawfly larvae samples were placed with the host pla

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Kot, I., A. Jakubczyk, M. Karaś, and U. Złotek. "Biochemical responses induced in galls of three Cynipidae species in oak trees." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 4 (2017): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317001055.

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AbstractGall-making Cynipidae manipulate the leaves of host plant to form galls where offspring find shelter and food. The relationship between oak gallwasp and biochemical mechanisms of galls still requires a better understanding. So, in this research, protein and phenolic compound contents, as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were determined. Galls caused by asexual generation ofCynips quercusfoliiL.,Neuroterus numismalis(Fourc.) andN. quercusbaccarumL., as a model were used. All cynipid species modified the protein levels of gall tissues,

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TANG, CHANG-TI, GEORGE MELIKA, MAN-MIAO YANG, JAMES NICHOLLS, GYÖRGY CSÓKA, and GRAHAM N. STONE. "First record of an Andricus oak gallwasp from the Oriental Region: a new species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)." Zootaxa 2175, no. 1 (2009): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2175.1.6.

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A new species of oak gallwasp, Andricus formosanus is described from Taiwan which induces integral leaf galls on Quercus dentata (Section Quercus sensu stricto). The gall and adults of the new species most closely resembles Andricus moriokae Monzen, known from Japan. Data on the diagnosis, distribution and biology of the new species is given.

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Gouri, Maroua, Yasmine Adjami, Mounir Boumaza, et al. "Ecological study of cynipidae galls on cork oak (Quercus suber) and zeen oak (Quercus faginea) in the Edough forest massif, Eastern Algeria." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 73, no. 3 (2024): 209–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2024-0012.

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Abstract An investigation into the biodiversity of Cynipidae galls (Hymenoptera) residing within the oak forests of the Edough massif in Annaba (northeast Algeria) spanned from October 2016 to September 2019, aimed to update the faunal list of galls, assess their specialization and organ preferences, and evaluate the impact of seasonal fluctuations on their abundance. A total of 19783 galls were collected, belonging to 13 different species on both Q. faginea and Q. suber. All the oak Cynipidae galls collected belonged to eight genera: Andricus, Synophrus, Callirhytis, Cynips, Cerroneuroterus,

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Klimaszewski, Jan, and Christopher G. Majka. "Euvira micmac, a new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), and first record of the genus in Canada." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 2 (2007): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-098.

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AbstractA new aleocharine species, Euvira micmac Klimaszewski and Majka, sp. nov., from Nova Scotia, Canada, is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus Euvira for Canada. New data on bionomics and distribution are provided, including notes on the red oak gall environment where the species was found. A short diagnosis, description, colour habitus image, and black and white genital images are provided. The lectotype (male) and the paralectotypes (5 females) are designated for E. quadriceps (Casey). Two beetles, Litargus tetraspilotus LeConte (Mycetophagidae) and Melanoph

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ABE, Yoshihisa, Mantu BHUYAN, Jiten MECH, et al. "Discovery of an oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inducing galls on deciduous oak trees in India." Entomological Science 15, no. 3 (2012): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2011.00510.x.

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MUTUN, SERAP, SERDAR DINÇ, and GEORGE MELIKA. "Two new species of oak gall wasps from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)." Zootaxa 4890, no. 3 (2020): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.3.9.

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Two new species of oak gall wasps, Cynips izzetbaysali sp. nov. and Callirhytis afion sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are described from Turkey. The new Cynips species is known only from asexual females and induces detachable leaf galls on Quercus infectoria. The sexual generation of the new Callirhytis species is known to induce acorn galls on Quercus cerris. Data on the diagnosis, distribution, and biology of the two new species are given.

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Казбанова and Irina Kazbanova. "INFLUENCE OF PHYTONCIDE PROPERTIES OF OAK PLANTATIONS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OAK GALLFLIES IN COPPICE OAK FOREST IN URBAN GREEN BELT OF VORONEZH." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (2017): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25196.

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The article is devoted to research on the effect of phytoncide properties of oak grown in plantations of forest and park area of Voronezh on the growth and development of oak gallflies. The aim is to study the oak pests - oak gallflies - small flying insects. The female of gall wasps makes injection on an oak leaf using the ovipositor and lays eggs in the wound, which is beginning to develop, and the next underlying cells and tissues begin to form sheet "nut" or plant gall. Soon the larva hatches from the egg and begins to work its jaws. All larval development occurs in the gall. It turns out

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AZMAZ, MUSA, and YUSUF KATILMIŞ. "Two new oak gall wasp species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Quercus pontica (Fagaceae) in Turkey." Zootaxa 5016, no. 3 (2021): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.3.4.

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Two new species of oak gall wasp, Andricus mammadovi Azmaz & Katılmış sp. n. sexual generation and Cynips fatihi Azmaz & Katılmış sp. n. asexual generation (Cynipidae: Cynipini) are described from the eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. These species induce galls on Quercus pontica K.Koch representing the first record of cynipids associated with the natural Q. pontica population in Turkey. SEM images, photos of the host galls, and data on the diagnosis, distribution, and biology of both new species are provided.

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Hayward, Alex, and Graham N. Stone. "Oak gall wasp communities: Evolution and ecology." Basic and Applied Ecology 6, no. 5 (2005): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.003.

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Ide, Tatsuya, and Yoshihisa Abe. "Heterogony in Cycloneuroterus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) From Rearing Experiments and DNA Barcoding." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112, no. 5 (2019): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz035.

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Abstract Heterogony was confirmed in the cynipid genus Cycloneuroterus Melika and Tang in rearing experiments with DNA barcoding. These experiments involved Cycloneuroterus gilvus Tang and Melika, which was previously only described from the sexual generation adult. The first rearing experiment was conducted using unidentified asexual generation females collected from Quercus gilva Blume, and gall formation by the sexual generation offspring was confirmed on folded or unfolded young leaves of Q. gilva. The second experiment was conducted using sexual generation males and females reared from th

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Dietrich, R. A., R. A. Blanchette, C. F. Croghan, and S. O. Phillips. "The distribution of Endocronartiumharknessii and Cronartiumquercuum on jack pine in Minnesota." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 6 (1985): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-169.

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In 1984, a survey was done to determine the distribution of pine–pine gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J. P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) and pine–oak gall rust (Cronartiumquercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. banksianae Burdsall and Snow) on jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) throughout its range in Minnesota. Sporulating globose galls (960 galls from 257 stands) were collected in May and June and the pathogens were identified on the basis of aeciospore germ tube morphology. The relative usefulness of aeciospore germination characteristics that have been used to separate these rusts was examined.

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Zhang, Linyi, Glen R. Hood, James R. Ott, and Scott P. Egan. "Temporal isolation between sympatric host plants cascades across multiple trophic levels of host-associated insects." Biology Letters 15, no. 12 (2019): 20190572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0572.

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Phenological differences between host plants can promote temporal isolation among host-associated populations of insects with life cycles tightly coupled to plant phenology. Divergence in the timing of spring budbreak between two sympatric sister oak species has been shown to promote temporal isolation between host plants and their host-associated populations of a cynipid gall wasp. Here, we examined the generality of this mechanism by testing the hypothesis of cascading temporal isolation for five additional gall-formers and three natural enemy species associated with these same oak species.

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Perea, Ramón, Rodolfo Dirzo, Stephanie Bieler, and Geraldo Wilson Fernandes. "Incidence of Galls on Sympatric California Oaks: Ecological and Physiological Perspectives." Diversity 13, no. 1 (2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010020.

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Galls are abnormal outgrowths on the external tissues of plants caused by a restricted group of organisms. In this study, we surveyed the incidence and diversity of galling structures in sympatric oak species of a biological preserve (Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, NC, USA). We also measured different physiological parameters (SLA-specific leaf area, chlorophyll, nitrogen, flavonol, anthocyanin, and water content) in galled and ungalled leaves on the same individuals of the most abundant oak species (Quercus agrifolia, Q. lobata, and Q. douglasii). Overall, Q. lobata showed the highest gall

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Tang, Chang-Ti, Istvan Miko, James A. Nicholls, et al. "New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53 (December 19, 2016): 77–162. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.9890.

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Our knowledge about gall wasps associated with the diverse East Asian oaks, Castanopsis and Cyclobalanopsis, is limited due to the lack of extensive field studies. Here, we describe twelve new oak gall wasp species, Dryocosmus cannoni Schwéger & Tang, D. caputgrusi Tang & Schwéger, D. crinitus Schwéger & Tang, D. harrisonae Melika & Tang, D. hearni Melika &Tang, D. hualieni Schwéger & Tang, D. konradi Tang & Melika, D. liyingi Melika & Tang, D. moriius Tang & Melika, D. quadripetiolus Schwéger & Tang, D. salicinai Schwéger & Tang, and D. taitungensis

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Kot, Izabela, Katarzyna Rubinowska, and Władysław Michałek. "CHANGES IN CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE AND PIGMENTS COMPOSITION IN OAK LEAVES WITH GALLS OF TWO CYNIPID SPECIES (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 17, no. 6 (2018): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2018.6.15.

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Gall-inducing insects may cause multiple physiological changes in host plants, such as the loss of photosynthetic pigments and reduced photosynthetic capacity. However, the direction of these changes is usually insect species-dependent. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize the indirect effects of galls induced by asexual generation of Neuroterus numismalis (Fourc.) and N. quercusbaccarum L. on photosynthesis by comparing changes in photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments and chlorophyll a fluorescence in foliar tissue with and without galls in naturally growing ped

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Andersen, Jeremy C., Monica J. Davis, Katherine N. Schick, and Joseph S. Elkinton. "Molecular Placement of an Outbreak-Causing Gall Wasp, Zapatella davisae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with Comments on Phylogenetic Arrangements in the Tribe Cynipini." Journal of Entomological Science 56, no. 1 (2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-56.1.84.

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Abstract Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) have fascinated researchers for centuries due to the elaborate diversity of charismatic galls they produce, the presence of unique reproductive systems (e.g., a form of cyclical parthenogenesis), the possible convergent evolution of semiparasitic gall wasp forms (i.e., “inquilines”), and their multitrophic interactions. While many classifications for gall wasps have been proposed, recent DNA sequence efforts combined with taxonomic revisions are beginning to clarify the evolutionary relationships of this group. To date, however, a well resolved phyl

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Stump, Amanda J., Katie Bershing, Tara L. Bal, and Carsten Külheim. "Current and Future Insect Threats to Oaks of the Midwest, Great Lakes, and Northeastern United States and Canada." Forests 15, no. 8 (2024): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15081361.

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Increasing temperatures, prolonged drought, the increased severity and intensity of storms, and other effects of climate change are being felt globally, and long-lived forest tree species may struggle in their current ranges. Oaks (Quercus spp.) have evolved a range of adaptations to dry and hot conditions and are believed to be a “climate change winner” by increasing their suitable habitat. However, a mixture of life history traits and increasing susceptibility to herbivores and xylovores as well as secondary pathogen infections still put oaks at risk of decline. Oak species found in the Midw

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Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno. "Can Molecularly Engineered Plant Galls Help to Ease the Problem of World Food Shortage (and Our Dependence on Pollinating Insects)?" Foods 11, no. 24 (2022): 4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244014.

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The world faces numerous problems and two of them are global food shortages and the dwindling number of pollinating insects. Plant products that do not arise from pollination are plant galls, which as in the case of oak apples, can resemble fruits and be the size of a cherry. It is suggested that once research has understood how chemical signals from gall-inducing insects program a plant to produce a gall, it should be possible to mimic and to improve nature and “bioengineer” designer galls of different sizes, colorations and specific contents to serve as food or a source of medicinally useful

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Serrano-Muñoz, Miriam, Elgar Castillo-Mendoza, Alejandro Zamilpa, et al. "Influence of Gall-Inducing Insects (Cynipini) on the Nutritional and Defensive Chemical Profile of Quercus rugosa." Diversity 17, no. 4 (2025): 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17040288.

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Analyzing the nutritional and defensive chemistry of Quercus rugosa provides insight into gall wasp interactions. Quercus rugosa is the most widely distributed white oak species in Mexico. It is the dominant canopy species in its geographic distribution range and has the largest number of associated gall wasp species (Cynipidae: Cynipini). Our main aims were to characterize the nutritional and defensive chemistry of Q. rugosa leaves and determine whether this chemistry differed between leaves with and without galls. We evaluated 60 trees from six populations of Q. rugosa in central Mexico. For

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NIEVES-ALDREY, JOSE LUIS, and ENRIQUE MEDIANERO. "Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)." Zootaxa 2774, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2774.1.1.

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This paper reports the first study of the inquiline oak gall wasp fauna of Panama. Samples were collected at 19 sites in Panama, and inquiline specimens were reared from 63 gall morphotypes, including six species of Quercus, mainly Q. salicifolia and Q. bumelioides. Two genera were found: Synergus, represented by 10 species, and the recently described genus Agastoroxenia Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, with a single species, A. panamensis Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero. Synergus was recorded for the first time in Panama; Synergus mesoamericanus and Synergus nicaraguensis, which were formerly rec

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Mutun, Serap, Serdar Dinç, and George Melika. "Two new species of oak gall wasps from Turkey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Cynipini)." Zootaxa 4890, no. 3 (2020): 428–38. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4890.3.9.

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Demirel, Mustafa, Musa Azmaz, and Yusuf Katilmiş. "A new species of oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Turkey." Zootaxa 5087, no. 4 (2022): 583–90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.6.

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