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Relevant bibliographies by topics / GALR2

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Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'GALR2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "GALR2"

1

Kiezun, Jacek, Janusz Godlewski, Bartlomiej E. Krazinski, Zygmunt Kozielec, and Zbigniew Kmiec. "Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073735.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer in women and the third in men. The postoperative pathomorphological evaluation of patients with CRC is extremely important for future therapeutic decisions. Although our previous studies demonstrated high galanin (GAL) presence within tumor tissue and an elevated concentration of GAL in the serum of CRC patients, to date, there is a lack of data regarding GAL receptor (GalR) protein expression in CRC cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of all three types of GalRs (GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3) within e

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2

Kramáriková, I., J. Šípková, P. Šída, S. Hynie, and Věra Klenerová. "The Effect of Stress on the Galaninergic System in the Rat Adenohypophysis: mRNA Expression and Immunohistochemistry of Galanin Receptors." Folia Biologica 63, no. 5-6 (2017): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2017063050197.

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The neuropeptide galanin is a widely distributed neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that regulates a variety of physiological processes and also participates in the regulation of stress responses. The effect of stress is dependent on the activity of the hypothalamic- adenohypophyseal-adrenal axis. Although the adenohypophysis is a crucial part of this axis, galanin peptides and their receptors have not yet been identified in this part of the pituitary after activation of the stress response. Since there are many controversies about the occurrence of individual galanin receptor subtypes in the ade

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3

Gottsch, Michelle L., Hongkui Zeng, John G. Hohmann, David Weinshenker, Donald K. Clifton, and Robert A. Steiner. "Phenotypic Analysis of Mice Deficient in the Type 2 Galanin Receptor (GALR2)." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 11 (2005): 4804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.11.4804-4811.2005.

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ABSTRACT Galanin is a neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of feeding, reproduction, cognition, nociception, and seizure susceptibility. There are three known galanin receptor (GALR) subtypes (GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3), which bind to galanin with different affinities and have their own unique distributions, signaling mechanisms, and putative functions in the brain and peripheral nervous system. To gain further insight into the possible physiological significance of GALR2, we created mutant mice that were deficient in GALR2 and compared their phenotype to that of wild-type (WT) littermate o

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4

Kim, Dong-Kyu, Seongsik Yun, Gi Hoon Son, et al. "Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III." Endocrinology 155, no. 5 (2014): 1864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2106.

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The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second SPX gene (SPX2) in vertebrate genomes. Syntenic analysis and relocating SPXs and their neighbor genes on reconstructed vertebrate ancestral chromosomes revealed that SPXs reside in the near vicinity of the kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) family genes on the chromosomes. Alignment of mature peptide sequences showed some extent of sequence similarity among the 3 peptide groups. Gene structure analysis indicated tha

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5

Jana, Barbara, Jarosław Całka, and Bartosz Miciński. "Regulatory Influence of Galanin and GALR1/GALR2 Receptors on Inflamed Uterus Contractility in Pigs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126415.

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Uterine inflammation is a very common and serious pathology in domestic animals, the development and progression of which often result from disturbed myometrial contractility. We investigated the effect of inflammation on the protein expression of galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes (GALR)1 and GALR2 in myometrium and their role in the contractile amplitude and frequency of an inflamed gilt uterus. The gilts of the E. coli and SAL groups received E. coli suspension or saline in their uteri, respectively, and only laparotomy was performed (CON group). Eight days later, the E. coli group developed s

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6

Sun, Jing, Shu Xu, Hui Li, Liang Li, and Zhi-Qing David Xu. "Galanin Protects Rat Cortical Astrocyte from Oxidative Stress: Involvement of GalR2 and pERK1/2 Signal Pathway." Mediators of Inflammation 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2716028.

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The neuropeptide galanin and its receptors have been found to have protective effects on neurons. However, the role of galanin on astrocytes is still unclear. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of galanin on the viability of cultured rat cortical astrocytes after oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and possible receptor and signaling mechanisms involved. Treatment of galanin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced toxicity in the cultured cortical astrocytes. H2O2 induced an upregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase1/2 (pERK1/2) in ast

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7

Berger, Alexandra, Roland Lang, Kerstin Moritz, et al. "Galanin Receptor Subtype GalR2 Mediates Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells." Endocrinology 145, no. 2 (2004): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0649.

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Abstract Recently we have shown that galanin binding significantly correlates with survival in neuroblastoma patients, indicating a possible modulatory role of galanin receptors in neuroblastic tumor biology. However, the molecular mechanisms beyond this correlation have not been elucidated. Here, the cellular effects on activation of specific galanin receptor subtypes in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were analyzed using a tetracycline-controlled expression system. Pharmacological studies confirmed the inducible expression of high affinity binding sites for galanin in SH-SY5Y cells transfe

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8

Kiezun, Jacek, Marta Kiezun, Bartlomiej Emil Krazinski, et al. "Galanin Receptors (GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3) Immunoexpression in Enteric Plexuses of Colorectal Cancer Patients: Correlation with the Clinico-Pathological Parameters." Biomolecules 12, no. 12 (2022): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121769.

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Galanin (GAL) is an important neurotransmitter released by the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons located in the muscularis externa and submucosa enteric plexuses that acts by binding to GAL receptors 1, 2 and 3 (GALR1, 2 and 3). In our previous studies, the GAL immunoexpression was compared in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and the adjacent parts of the large intestine wall including myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Recently we have also found that expression levels of GALR1 and GALR3 proteins are elevated in CRC tissue as compared with their expression in epithelial cells of unchanged mu

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9

Leciejewska, Natalia, Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Karolina Mielnik, et al. "Spexin Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Cells In Vitro—The Effect of Exercise on SPX and SPX Receptor Expression in Skeletal Muscle In Vivo." Genes 13, no. 1 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13010081.

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SPX (spexin) and its receptors GalR2 and GalR3 (galanin receptor subtype 2 and galanin receptor subtype 3) play an important role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in human and animal fat tissue. However, little is still known about the role of this peptide in the metabolism of muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of SPX on the metabolism, proliferation and differentiation of the skeletal muscle cell line C2C12. Moreover, we determined the effect of exercise on the SPX transduction pathway in mice skeletal muscle. We found that increased SPX, acting vi

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10

Zalecki, Michal, Judyta Juranek, Zenon Pidsudko, Marzena Mogielnicka-Brzozowska, Jerzy Kaleczyc, and Amelia Franke-Radowiecka. "Inferior vagal ganglion galaninergic response to gastric ulcers." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242746.

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Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in central and peripheral nerves and is known to be engaged in neuronal responses to pathological changes. Stomach ulcerations are one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Impaired stomach function in peptic ulcer disease suggests changes in autonomic nerve reflexes controlled by the inferior vagal ganglion, resulting in stomach dysfunction. In this paper, changes in the galaninergic response of inferior vagal neurons to gastric ulceration in a pig model of the disease were analyzed based on the authors’ previous studies. The study was perfo

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