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Journal articles on the topic 'Galvanostatic pulse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Liu, Zhengwei, and Alan C. West. "Modeling of galvanostatic pulse and pulsed reverse electroplating of gold." Electrochimica Acta 56, no. 9 (2011): 3328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.020.

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2

Hsieh, Yu-Chi, Li-Chung Chang, Yuan-Chieh Tseng, Pu-Wei Wu, and Jyh-Fu Lee. "Structural characterizations of PtRu nanoparticles by galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 583 (January 2014): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.148.

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3

Xu, Dafeng, Shengmin Cai, Xizun Wu, and Wenzhi Zhang. "Galvanostatic study of the kinetics of lithium deposition on platinum electrode in dimethylformamide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 1 (1991): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910241.

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The deposition of lithium in dimethylformamide (DMF) has been studied by means of galvanostatic measurements. The overpotential was recorded during constant current pulses of so short a duration that only a few monolayers per pulse were deposited. The experiments were carried out under conditions of minimum contamination of the metal surface. The deposition process of Li in DMF is irreversible, the electron transfer being the rate-determining step. A mechanism of Li electrodeposition in DMF was proposed.

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4

Deo, Ravin N., Nick Birbilis, and James P. Cull. "Measurement of corrosion in soil using the galvanostatic pulse technique." Corrosion Science 80 (March 2014): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.058.

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5

Sathiyanarayanan, S., Panjali Natarajan, K. Saravanan, S. Srinivasan, and G. Venkatachari. "Corrosion monitoring of steel in concrete by galvanostatic pulse technique." Cement and Concrete Composites 28, no. 7 (2006): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.03.005.

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6

Xu, Jing, and Wu Yao. "Detecting the Efficiency of Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete by Use of Galvanostatic Pulse Technique." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.584.

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The galvanostatic pulse technique has been applied in detecting the efficiency of cathodic protection in reinforced concrete based on the investigation on the response of galvanostatic pulse to the corrosion state of steel and perturbation magnitude of signal. Two data analysis methods were introduced to determine the corrosion rate. It is shown that the selection of perturbation magnitude of signal to be applied depends strongly on the corrosion state of steel. Too small current makes it difficult to separate the potential signal from background noise, whereas higher current results in intensive polarization. Thus, neither of two is beneficial for the data processing. The corrosion rate values obtained from chronopotentiometry method are on the low side during cathodic protection monitored by higher perturbation signal and correction of data employing polarization conversion method is suggested.

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7

Law, D. W., S. G. Millard, and J. H. Bungey. "Galvanostatic Pulse Measurements of Passive and Active Reinforcing Steel in Concrete." CORROSION 56, no. 1 (2000): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280522.

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8

Chiu, Yu-Fan, Li-Chung Chang, Pu-Wei Wu, and Yu-Chi Hsieh. "The Effect of Concentration on the Galvanostatic Pulse Deposition of PtRu." ECS Transactions 16, no. 2 (2019): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2981929.

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9

Hsieh, Yu-Chi, Yung-Jean Lu, Pu-Wei Wu, Yun-Min Chang, and Yu-Fan Chiu. "Galvanostatic Pulse Plating of PtRu Nanoparticles for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." ECS Transactions 16, no. 2 (2019): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2981882.

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10

Newton, C. J., and J. M. Sykes. "A galvanostatic pulse technique for investigation of steel corrosion in concrete." Corrosion Science 28, no. 11 (1988): 1051–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(88)90101-1.

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11

Dou, Yan Tao, Bao Hong Hao, Bo Meng, Jun Xie, Ming Liang Dong, and Ao Lin Zhang. "The Study to the Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete by Using Galvanostatic Pulse Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.916.

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This paper presents the result from a study of Galvanostatic Pulse Technique for determining the corrosion rate of steel in reinforced concrete. The investigation to the condition factors and instrument parameter that significantly influence the testing result of the current pulse technique in on-site measurements is made in this paper. Firstly standard specimens which have different thickness of concrete cover and NaCl adding content were prepared, and instruments (CorroMap TM) for field measurement of corrosion rate of steel in reinforced concrete are selected for testing. From the study we can conclude that Icorr increased with the decreasing of the thickness of the concrete cover and the adding content of NaCl to the concrete when casting with non-linear rule, and an anodic pulse of 50 μA with pulse duration of 10 seconds is appropriate for testing both passive and active area of rebar.

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12

Blackwood, D. J., and K. H. W. Seah. "Galvanostatic pulse deposition of hydroxyapatite for adhesion to titanium for biomedical purposes." Materials Science and Engineering: C 30, no. 4 (2010): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.02.007.

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13

Schultz, Henning, and Mark Pritzker. "Modeling the Galvanostatic Pulse and Pulse Reverse Plating of Nickel‐Iron Alloys on a Rotating Disk Electrode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 145, no. 6 (1998): 2033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1838594.

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14

Raczkiewicz, Wioletta, and Artur Wójcicki. "Temperature Impact on the Assessment of Reinforcement Corrosion Risk in Concrete by Galvanostatic Pulse Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031089.

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The electrochemical galvanostatic pulse method (GPM) is used for the evaluation of the degree of corrosion risk of reinforcement in concrete. This non-destructive method enables determining the corrosion promoting conditions through the measurements of reinforcement stationary potential and concrete cover resistivity, and determining the probability of reinforcement corrosion in the tested areas. This method also allows for the estimation of the reinforcement corrosion activity and the prediction of the development of the corrosion process on the basis of corrosion current density measurements. The ambient temperature (and the temperature of the examined element) can significantly affect the values of the measured parameters due to electrochemical character of the processes as well as specific measurement technique. Differences in the obtained results can lead to a wrong interpretation of reinforcement corrosion risk degree in concrete. The article attempts to assess the effect of temperature on the measured parameters while using the galvanostatic pulse method. The GP-5000 GalvaPulseTM set was used. The results of this study confirmed the impact of temperature changes on the values of three measured parameters (reinforcement stationary potential, concrete cover resistivity, and corrosion current density) and contributed to catching the trend of these changes.

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15

Raczkiewicz, Wioletta, Artur Wójcicki, and Adam Wójcicki. "Using the galvanostatic pulse method to estimate the corrosion of reinforcement in structural elements." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 3 (2021): 4865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n3-080.

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ABSTRACT Early steel bars corrosion in reinforced concrete elements is difficult to detect because of the lack of visible changes on the concrete surface. To assess reinforcement corrosion risk level without structure damage some non-destructive diagnostic methods are applied. One of them is the galvanostatic pulse method. This semi-non-destructive electrochemical method allows to determine the corrosion areas and estimate the steel bars corrosion activity. Using this method it is possible to measure some electrical parameters (corrosion current density, stationary potential and reinforcement concrete cover resistivity) that allow to indirectly estimate the reinforcement corrosion progress in concrete. So far this method has been generally applied to bridges. The article presents results of studies in which the galvanostatic pulse method was used to determine reinforcement corrosion risk in structures elements different than bridges. Two types of reinforced concrete columns were tested under different environment conditions and two groups of laboratory specimens which were subjected to freezing and thawing cycles in NaCl solution or stayed in natural air–dry conditions. The apparatus GP-5000 GalvaPulseTM was used. Based on the obtained results the conclusions were drawn. The galvanostatic pulse method allows to assess the progress of the reinforcement corrosion process in tested elements. However, it is necessary to measure simultaneously all parameters and make their complex analysis.  RESUMEN La corrosión temprana de las barras de acero en elementos de hormigón armado es difícil de detectar debido a la falta de cambios visibles en la superficie del hormigón. Para evaluar el nivel de riesgo de corrosión de la armadura sin dañar la estructura se aplican algunos métodos de diagnóstico no destructivos. Uno de ellos es el método del pulso galvanostático. Este método electroquímico semi no destructivo permite determinar las áreas de corrosión y estimar la actividad de corrosión de las barras de acero. Utilizando este método es posible medir algunos parámetros eléctricos (densidad de corriente de corrosión, potencial estacionario y resistividad de la cubierta del hormigón de la armadura) que permiten estimar indirectamente el progreso de la corrosión de la armadura en el hormigón. Hasta ahora este método se ha aplicado generalmente a los puentes. El artículo presenta los resultados de estudios en los que se utilizó el método de impulsos galvanostáticos para determinar el riesgo de corrosión de las armaduras en elementos de estructuras diferentes a los puentes. Se ensayaron dos tipos de columnas de hormigón armado en diferentes condiciones ambientales y dos grupos de probetas de laboratorio que se sometieron a ciclos de congelación y descongelación en solución de NaCl o permanecieron en condiciones naturales de secado al aire. Se utilizó el aparato GP-5000 GalvaPulseTM. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se extrajeron las siguientes conclusiones El método de impulsos galvanostáticos permite evaluar el progreso del proceso de corrosión de la armadura en los elementos ensayados. Sin embargo, es necesario medir simultáneamente todos los parámetros y realizar su complejo análisis.

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16

Vasilyeva, Tatyana, and Nikolai Uvarov. "Mesoporous oxide films grown on Sn foil using various anodizing modes in alkaline electrolyte." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001050.

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The mesoporous structures of tin oxide were obtained by a simple method of one-stage electrochemical anodizing of Sn foil in 1M NaOH in various anodizing modes. Anodizing in the pulse potentiostatic mode allowed determination of actual value of the voltage drop on the anode. For the first time the possibility of obtaining mesoporous oxide films on the surface of tin using galvanostatic mode of anodizing was demonstrated. It was found that the surface morphology of the obtained tin oxide layers is strongly dependent on the anodizing mode. Based on the data obtained, a two-stage mechanism was proposed for the growth of porous structures on the surface of tin in the galvanostatic mode including initial formation of the layer of SnO·xH2O which is subsequently oxidized to SnO2·xH2O mesoporouslayer.

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17

Bunsch, Adam, S. J. Skrzypek, J. Kowalska, Wiktoria Ratuszek, and W. Rakowski. "Texture and Mechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Copper Thin Films." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.141.

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Influence of the electrodepositing parameters e.g. applied electric current as variable on texture formation and on mechanical properties of copper thin films was studied. Experiment was done for copper deposition from sulphate bath under galvanostatic and pulse current. It was found that copper layers exhibits different texture depending on applied current conditions during electrodepositing process. Pulse and direct current conditions leads to different texture of electrodeposited copper. Texture of electrodeposited copper coatings and mechanical properties could be correlated. It was found that, texture indexes although are not complex information about texture could be used for analysis of such correlation in technological process.

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18

Popov, B. N., M. Ramasubramanian, S. N. Popova, R. E. White, and K.-M. Yin. "Galvanostatic pulse and pulse reverse plating of zinc–nickel alloys from sulfate electrolytes on a rotating disc electrode." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 92, no. 20 (1996): 4021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9969204021.

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19

Ocón, P., P. Herrasti, and S. Rojas. "Galvanostatic and pulse potential synthesis of poly-3-methylthiophene. Polymer as catalytic support." Polymer 42, no. 6 (2001): 2439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00577-2.

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20

Zidarič, T., V. Jovanovski, E. Menart, et al. "Multi-pulse galvanostatic preparation of nanostructured bismuth film electrode for trace metal detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 245 (June 2017): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.162.

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21

Kireev, S. Yu, A. Z. Yangurazova, and S. N. Kireeva. "Electrodeposition of zinc plating from zincate electrolyte using galvanostatic mode of pulse electrolysis." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (May 28, 2020): 062024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/862/6/062024.

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22

Argañaraz, M. P. Quiroga, S. B. Ribotta, M. E. Folquer, et al. "The chemistry and structure of nickel–tungsten coatings obtained by pulse galvanostatic electrodeposition." Electrochimica Acta 72 (June 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.163.

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23

Chhetri, Manjeet, Salman Sultan, and C. N. R. Rao. "Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity comparable to platinum exhibited by the Ni/Ni(OH)2/graphite electrode." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (2017): 8986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710443114.

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Electrochemical dual-pulse plating with sequential galvanostatic and potentiostatic pulses has been used to fabricate an electrocatalytically active Ni/Ni(OH)2/graphite electrode. This electrode design strategy to generate the Ni/Ni(OH)2 interface on graphite from Ni deposits is promising for electrochemical applications and has been used by us for hydrogen generation. The synergetic effect of nickel, colloidal nickel hydroxide islands, and the enhanced surface area of the graphite substrate facilitating HO–H cleavage followed by H(ad) recombination, results in the high current density [200 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 0.3 V comparable to platinum (0.44 V)]. The easy method of fabrication of the electrode, which is also inexpensive, prompts us to explore its use in fabrication of solar-driven electrolysis.

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24

Ananthi, Kalimuthu, Swaminathan Dhanpandian, Natarajan Muthukumarasamy, Kaliannan Thilagavathy, and Venkatapathy Chitra. "Deposition of CdSe Films by Pulsed Galvanostatic Electrodeposition and their Properties." Advanced Materials Research 678 (March 2013): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.144.

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Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) thin films were pulse electrodeposited at room temperature and at different duty cycles in the range of 6 – 50 % at a current density of 100 mA cm-2. XRD patterns of films deposited at different duty cycles exhibit the cubic structure. The peak widths decreased with increase of duty cycle. The crystallite size increased from 8 to 20 nm. Microstructural parameters like dislocation density and strain were calculated. The transmission spectra exhibit interference fringes. Refractive index calculated by the envelope method varied in the range of 2.5 to 3.3.The optical band gap increased from 1.84 eV to 2.06 eV with increase of duty cycle.

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25

Raczkiewicz, Wioletta, and Paweł Grzegorz Kossakowski. "Electrochemical Diagnostics of Sprayed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Corrosion." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (2019): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183763.

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Sprayed fiber-reinforced concrete is used in construction for the execution and repair of reinforced concrete elements. It is believed that the addition of steel fibers is most effective, due to their parameters and low costs. Some researchers, however, suggest that the addition of steel fibers can contribute to the initiation of corrosion of the main reinforcement. In consideration of the differences of opinion on the corrosion resistance of sprayed fiber-reinforced concrete, it has become necessary to analyze this issue. The article presents comparative studies of corrosion assessments of the main reinforcement in specimens made of ordinary concrete and concrete with steel fibers. The tests were performed using a semi non-destructive galvanostatic pulse method, which allows location of the areas of corrosion and estimation of the reinforcement corrosion activity. In order to initiate the corrosion processes the specimens were subjected to freezing cycles in NaCl solution. In addition, the shrinkage and compressive strength of specimens were measured, and the observation of specimen structure under a scanning microscope was performed. It was found that galvanostatic pulse method allowed estimation of the reinforcement corrosion progress. The corrosion of the main reinforcement in steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens was less advanced than in the specimens without fibers.

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26

Stankovic, Zvonimir, Vladimir Cvetkovski, and Vesna Grekulovic. "The effect of bi presence as impurities in anodic copper on kinetics and mechanism of anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of copper." Chemical Industry 64, no. 4 (2010): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100329021s.

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The influence of Bi, as foreign metal atoms in anode copper, on kinetics and mechanism of anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of copper in acidic sulfate solution was investigated using the galvanostatic single-pulse method. Results indicate that presence of Bi atoms in anode copper increases the exchange current density, as determined from the Tafel analysis of the electrode reaction, which is attributed to the increase of the crystal lattice parameter determined from XRD analysis of the electrode material.

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27

SUGANUMA, Eiichi, Yuji TANNO, Takeshi ITO, and Akira FUNAKOSHI. "Pit Morphology and Surface Films on Aluminum during Galvanostatic Pulse Etching in HCl Solution." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 44, no. 12 (1993): 1138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.44.1138.

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28

Nagele, G., G. E. Nauer, H. Kuzmany, and J. Kürti. "Kinetics of electrochemical n-doping of polyacetylene investigated by impedance and galvanostatic pulse measurements." Synthetic Metals 21, no. 1-3 (1987): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90101-9.

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29

Karami, Hassan, Juliet Ordoukhanian, and Azizollah Nezhadali. "Pulse galvanostatic synthesis of superparamagnetic hematite nanorods in the presence of external magnetic field." Ceramics International 41, no. 10 (2015): 14760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.206.

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30

Popov, B. N., Ken‐Ming Yin, and R. E. White. "Galvanostatic Pulse and Pulse Reverse Plating of Nickel‐Iron Alloys from Electrolytes Containing Organic Compounds on a Rotating Disk Electrode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 140, no. 5 (1993): 1321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2220978.

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31

Plaksin, S. V., M. Ya Zhytnyk, R. Yu Levchenko, and S. Ya Ostapovska. "Methods of electrochemical energy storage control: classification and aspects of implementing." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 1-2 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2021.1-2.39.

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When an electrochemical energy storage is used as part of an energy system, the influence of external factors significantly changes its basic parameters: its available capacity decreases, while its internal resistance and self-discharge increase, which reduces the lifespan of the storage and disrupts the normal functioning of the energy system as a whole. Improving the performance of the energy storage is an urgent challenge, and one way to address it is to efficiently monitor the storage’s status. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of using electrochemical energy storages by choosing a proper control method according to operating conditions of the storage. The conducted analytical overview of the existing methods of monitoring electrochemical energy storages allowed systematizing and classifying them by the controlled parameters. It is shown that if the storage operates in dynamic modes, such as buffer, starter or main energy source mode, when connecting high-power resistors, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as activation resistance and activation capacitance characterizing storage’s resistance capabilities and presenting valuable information for choosing the method of storage control. The paper demonstrates that in dynamic operation modes it is necessary to use impulse methods of storage control, which allow for efficient monitoring taking into account activation parameters. The authors offer practical recommendations on choosing a method of storage control depending on its operation mode. Pulse multistage potentiostatic and single-pulse galvanostatic control methods meet such requirements the most when the storage is operating in dynamic modes. The preference is given to the single-pulse galvanostatic method developed by the authors, it being relatively simple to implement and sufficiently informative for practical purposes, which facilitates the automation of the control process. Experimental results on controlling the electrochemical energy storage operating in dynamic modes obtained using the method developed by the authors confirm its efficiency.

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32

Lu, Cui, and Yan Peiyu. "An algorithm of galvanostatic pulse method to determine the corrosion status of reinforcement in concrete." Corrosion Science 42, no. 4 (2000): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(99)00102-x.

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33

Yin, K. ‐M. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Inert Blocking Agent on the Galvanostatic Pulse Plating." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 145, no. 11 (1998): 3851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1838884.

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34

Law, D. W., S. G. Millard, and J. H. Bungey. "Use of galvanostatic pulse measurements on active reinforcing steel in concrete to assess corrosion rates." British Corrosion Journal 36, no. 1 (2001): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705901101501433.

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35

Zhang, Jing, Ling-Bin Kong, Heng Li, Yong-Chun Luo, and Long Kang. "Synthesis of polypyrrole film by pulse galvanostatic method and its application as supercapacitor electrode materials." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 7 (2010): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4186-0.

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36

Poursaee, A., and C. M. Hansson. "Galvanostatic pulse technique with the current confinement guard ring: The laboratory and finite element analysis." Corrosion Science 50, no. 10 (2008): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.07.017.

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37

Lu, Wenquan, Andrew Jansen, Dennis Dees, and Gary Henriksen. "Olivine electrode engineering impact on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 8 (2010): 1656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0214.

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High energy and power density lithium iron phosphate was studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This work addresses the effects of porosity in a composite electrode using a four-point probe resistivity analyzer, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The four-point probe result indicates that the porosity of composite electrode affects the electronic conductivity significantly. This effect is also observed from the cell's pulse current discharge performance. Compared to the direct current (dc) methods used, the EIS data are more sensitive to electrode porosity, especially for electrodes with low porosity values.

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38

Stankovic, Z. D., V. Cvetkovski, and M. Vukovic. "The effect of antimony presence in anodic copper on kinetics and mechanism of anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of copper." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 44, no. 1 (2008): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0801107s.

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The influence of the presence of Sb atoms, as foreign metal atoms in anode copper, on kinetics, and, on the mechanism of anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of copper in acidic sulfate solution has been investigated. The galvanostatic single-pulse method has been used. Results indicate that presence of Sb atoms in anode copper increase the exchange current density as determined from the Tafel analysis of the electrode reaction. It is attributed to the increase of the crystal lattice parameter determined from XRD analysis of the electrode material.

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39

Zook, Justin M., and Ernő Lindner. "Reverse Current Pulse Method To Restore Uniform Concentration Profiles in Ion-Selective Membranes. 1. Galvanostatic Pulse Methods with Decreased Cycle Time." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 13 (2009): 5146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac801984d.

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40

Cavallotti, Pietro L., Luca Nobili, Silvia Franz, and Antonello Vicenzo. "Fundamental aspects and applications of electrodeposited nanostructured metals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 2 (2010): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-09-17.

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A rational understanding of what occurs during electrocrystallization, defined at a nanolevel, is developed to control electrodeposition processes. The electrokinetic behavior of the elements in solutions and the electrodeposits structure resulting from the electron exchange reaction at the cathodic surface are taken into consideration and compared. Transient electrokinetic parameters are measured with the secondary current pulse (SCP) technique, where a square galvanostatic pulse of a few ms duration is superimposed on the cathode while electrodeposition is running. Two parameters are obtained, the transient Tafel slope and the adsorption pseudo-capacitance; whilst a third parameter, the diffusive time constant, must be introduced if the overvoltage does not arrive to a steady state during the short pulse period. These parameters are related to the growth of different structures and permit a good control of the process. Control of the growth with nanodefinition is key to the development of innovative processes to keep pace with more and more demanding applications and environmental challenges. Examples are given to stress the relevance of the theoretical framework and to show possible implications for electrodeposition technology and its applications.

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41

MATSUNAGA, Morio, Toshihisa HARA, Ablet ABLIMIT, Yutaka TSURU, and Kunisuke HOSOKAWA. "Study on Electroplating of Palladium-Nickel Alloy from Ethylenediamine Bath II. Study by Galvanostatic Pulse Electroplating." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 43, no. 10 (1992): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.43.987.

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42

Despić, A. R., V. D. Jović, and S. Spaić. "Electrochemical Formation of Laminar Deposits of Controlled Structure and Composition: II . Dual Current Pulse Galvanostatic Technique." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 6 (1989): 1651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2096987.

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43

Despić, A. R., and V. D. Jović. "Electrochemical Formation of Laminar Deposits of Controlled Structure and Composition: I . Single Current Pulse Galvanostatic Technique." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 134, no. 12 (1987): 3004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2100330.

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Zhou, H. H., S. Q. Jiao, J. H. Chen, W. Z. Wei, and Y. F. Kuang. "Relationship between preparation conditions, morphology and electrochemical properties of polyaniline prepared by pulse galvanostatic method (PGM)." Thin Solid Films 450, no. 2 (2004): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2003.10.017.

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Jiao, S. Q., H. H. Zhou, J. H. Chen, S. L. Luo, and Y. F. Kuang. "Influence of the preparation conditions on the morphology of polyaniline electrodeposited by the pulse galvanostatic method." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 94, no. 4 (2004): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20983.

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Yin, K. M. "Mathematical Model of Galvanostatic Pulse with Reverse Plating in the Presence of a Surface Blocking Agent." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 150, no. 6 (2003): C435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1573198.

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Numata, H., A. Momma, and S. Haruyama. "Galvanostatic Double Pulse Study of O 2 − / 1 / 2 O 2 ( Pt ) Electrode in NaCl ‐ KCl Melts." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 135, no. 1 (1988): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2095593.

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Heimgartner, P., and H. Bohni. "Mechanistic Aspects of Pit Growth on Nickel in Diluted Chloride Solutions." Corrosion 41, no. 12 (1985): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3583008.

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Abstract Pit current densities (CDs) in small pits have been found to be potential dependent, indicating an ohmic or mixed ohmic-charge transfer controlled dissolution mechanism. In a later stage of pit growth, a diffusion-controlled dissolution has often been reported. The potential-dependent mechanism is not always restricted to only the beginning of pit development, as has been shown in galvanostatic tests with rather low CDs. In this paper, the mechanism change from ohmic-charge transfer to diffusion-controlled pit growth was also studied in potentiostatic experiments by means of potential pulses added to the applied potential. The current response to fast potential changes differs for the two mechanisms. The influence of a number of parameters [such as potential, position of the specimen (horizontal or vertical), agitation of the bulk electrolyte, and pit diameter] on the transition time for mechanism change could be investigated using this pulse technique. Results also show that the rate law for pit growth can be very similar for the two types of mechanisms and different pit geometry (artificial pits of the wire type or “naturally” growing pits).

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Raczkiewicz, W. "Effect of Concrete Addition of Selected Micro-fibers on the Reinforcing Bars Corrosion in the Reinforced Concrete Specimens." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 3 (2016): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0015.

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Abstract The micro-fibers increase the consistency and uniformity of concrete, which can improve the protective properties of concrete cover and thus should reduce the corrosion of the reinforcement bars in the reinforced concrete elements. The article presents a study which main objective was to specify the effect on concrete mix the addition of steel or polypropylene micro-reinforcement fibers on the reinforcing bars corrosion process. The research included measuring the reinforcement corrosion progress caused by the chloride impact as well as cyclical freezing and thawing specimens test. To measure the electrochemical corrosion progress the non-destructive i.e. galvanostatic pulse method was used. The results were used to conduct a comparative analysis.

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Sharma, Ashutosh, and Byungmin Ahn. "Pulse plated Sn-Cu solder coatings from stannate bath." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 32, no. 1 (2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-08-2019-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of pulse plating current density on the morphology and solderability of Pb-free Sn-Cu solder coatings prepared from alkaline stannate baths. Design/methodology/approach Sn-Cu solder coatings were produced from a plating solution containing sodium stannate, copper stannate, sodium hydroxide and sorbitol additive on copper substrates. The pulse plating experiments were conducted in galvanostatic mode. The plating current density was varied from 5 to 25 mA/cm2, and the morphology of the coatings was studied. The solderability of the coatings was assessed by spread ratio measurement after reflowing the solder coatings at 250°C. Findings The composition control of eutectic solders is always a challenge in plating. The findings show that Sn-Cu coatings prepared by pulse plating are composed of tetragonal ß-Sn structure and Cu6Sn5 compounds irrespective of bath composition and conditions. The final coatings were very dense and smooth with nodular morphology. It was shown that a eutectic composition can be achieved if we apply a current density of ∼15-20 mA/cm2. The solderability studies suggest that solder coatings plated at and beyond 15 mA/cm2 are more suitable for solder finish applications. Originality/value The work presents key issues in pulse electroplating of Sn-Cu solder coatings from an alkaline bath. Possible strategies to control the eutectic Sn-Cu composition by plating process are recommended.

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