Academic literature on the topic 'Gambia migration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gambia migration"
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Kaplan, Perarnau Moles, Sanyang, Le Charles, Álvarez, and Aliaga. "The Impact of Circular Migration on FGM/C: Transnational Communities in Spain and the Gambia." Social Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8100290.
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Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional harmful practice that migrates with people and has become a global phenomenon. Understanding how the diaspora resignifies and can change the tradition will allow us to measure the impact of transnational relations on information flows and decision making in a multisite space. The objective is to analyze the influence of migration on the practice of FGM/C with a participatory and circular methodology, focused on Gambian communities both in Spain and in The Gambia. The study shows the trends on how acculturation processes entail cultural change, both in Africa as well as in diaspora.
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Ceesay, Ebrima K. "The Impact of Migration and Remittances on Employment in Agriculture in the Gambia." Journal of Agronomy Research 3, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3318.
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For economic growth and development in any WE African country the GDP progress is depending on the key push-pull factors as migration, personal remittances received, bilateral aids and, absolutely, employment in agriculture which is about 1/3 of the population and not a predominant and protected minority as happens in the industrialized EU and North America. In order to represent the framework of the reciprocal dependencies the present study used the statistics of Gambia from WDI covering the periods from 1960 to 2017 by applying linear regression models. The results confirmed that migration and remittances have significant positive impact on employment in agriculture because new investment in agriculture created new skilled and unskilled employment. The results also found out that employment in agriculture has negative and significant impacts on foreign aids: 10% increase in migration, increases foreign aid by 50.3%. Increasing 10% of remittance, increase economic growth by 0.14% but 10% increases in employment in agriculture, decrease economic growth by 0.04%. To face globalization the economy of the Gambia should use the foreign aid to improve agriculture production and productivity thereby increase economic growth through human capital theory of migration, skilled migration, export and food security, the study recommends.
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Ceesay, Ebrima K. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on the Social- Economic Situation: Evidence from the Gambia." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.6.19.
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This study assesses the social and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which coronavirus affect social and economic in the Gambia. The questionnaire was designed to help Gambia to understand covid-19 impacts on their social and economic situation. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected the people in the Gambia in a number of ways; 1) 84 percent said they should not open borders to more countries while only 16 percent said they should open borders. 2) In the Gambia, 61 percent of the respondents said the environmental factor that is serious hit due to covid-19 outbreak is the energy sector. 3) 44.2 percent of the respondent said that covid-19 will have fluctuation in growing on the GDP and trade in the Gambia. 4) Due the serious impact of covid-19 on the societies, 48.8 percent of the respondent in the Gambia said they are very worried that they or someone in their family will be exposed to the coronavirus outbreak. 5) 70.5 percent of the respondent said the outbreak will have negative impact in the economy of the Gambia. 6) As the result generated from the survey, 58 percent of the respondent said in the Gambia, due to covid-19 the recession will happen over the next year. 7) 65.4 percent of the respondents said government implemented an education response for continue of learning in the Gambia while educational institutions are closed.8) 55.1 percent of the respondent said their enterprise used online learning programmes and resources and 32. 1 percent said their enterprise used video conferencing tools and 15.4 percent said their organization used printed materials such as new papers or posters and 9 percent said multimedia including podcasts and YouTube and 6.4 percent, which is the least said TV are used for staff development and training during covid-19 pandemic.9) 50 percent of the respondent to this question of the survey said their organization had planned new training programmes or activities in response to the covid-19 e.g University of the Gambia training their staffs for quality teaching and learning for their students. The implication of the results from this online survey is that it has serious impacts in the Gambia especially in economic situation, employment, consumption, investment and energy. Another policy implication is that, high co2 emission will affect national parks, wildlife and forests’, and poverty, food insecurity and hunger will rises and poor agriculture, the domestic and international migration will be reduces, remittances reduces and those left behind will be seriously affected in terms of health, food security, education, energy and so on especially women, children, elderly and disable that are left behind.
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Wacher, T. J., P. Rawlings, and W. F. Snow. "Cattle migration and stocking densities in relation to tsetse-trypanosomiasis challenge in The Gambia." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 87, no. 5 (January 1993): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1993.11812804.
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Ceesay, Ebrima. "Employment in agriculture, migration, bilateral aids, economic growth and remittance: Evidence from the Gambia." Economics, Management and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jems.2020.5-1.5.
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Bellagamba, Alice. "Entrustment and its Changing Political Meanings in Fuladu, the Gambia (1880–1994)." Africa 74, no. 3 (August 2004): 383–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.3.383.
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AbstractThe practice of entrustment is a form of voluntary allegiance for the sake of protection, one which historically lies at the core of host–stranger relationships along the River Gambia. Deeply woven into the social fabric of local communities, it was appropriated by various historical subjects during the twentieth century in order to construct networks of political confidence and mutual assistance at a local and national level. This article traces this dynamic process of re-elaboration. In so doing, it takes into account the history of a Mandinka commercial settlement in eastern Gambia from the late nineteenth century to post-Independence times, and questions the shifts that occurred in the political significance of entrustment with changing social and economic scenarios. Contextualised in the longue durée, the practice of karafoo shows its relevance as a cultural resource encouraging the creation of networks of trust and interdependence in social settings historically characterised by seasonal and more stable forms of migration.
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GAIBAZZI, PAOLO. "THE RANK EFFECT: POST-EMANCIPATION IMMOBILITY IN A SONINKE VILLAGE." Journal of African History 53, no. 2 (July 2012): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000382.
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ABSTRACTThe end of internal slavery in West Africa is generally associated with an increase in labour mobility. This article complicates this picture by showing that the effects of status – the rank effect – on people's ability to migrate often outlasted emancipation. In Sabi, a Soninke village in Upper River Gambia, economic migration intensified and globalised from the 1950s onwards. Although they have since been free to move, the descendants of slaves have migrated less than those of the freeborn. The article attributes this relative immobility to the enduring dynamics of socioeconomic marginalisation based on slave descent.
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Conrad Suso, Catherine T. "Involuntary Immobility and the Unfulfilled Rite of Passage: Implications for Migration Management in the Gambia, West Africa." International Migration 58, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12675.
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Wenning, Brianne. "An Ethnographic Perspective of Well-Being, Salutogenesis and Meaning Making among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Gambia and the United Kingdom." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090324.
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Research on refugees and asylum seekers largely focuses on the negative impacts that forced migration has on well-being. Though most individuals do not experience poor long-term mental health because of forced migration, less attention has been given to what factors promote positive well-being. Using an ethnographic approach, I elucidate how the concept of salutogenesis can be applied to African refugees and asylum seekers living in the greater Serrekunda area of the Gambia and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom. Specifically, I explore what resources impact on the sense of coherence construct and its three components—comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness—and how these are embedded in everyday discussions and understandings. In total, I spent twenty months conducting ethnographic fieldwork between the two sites and conducted forty individual interviews. Amongst my interlocutors, the three most common resources that people spoke positively about, particularly as it relates to meaning making, are work, education and religion. Further research in this area is crucial in order to identify, promote and strengthen those factors facilitating positive well-being amongst those who have been forcibly displaced.
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NUGENT, PAUL. "CYCLICAL HISTORY IN THE GAMBIA/CASAMANCE BORDERLANDS: REFUGE, SETTLEMENT AND ISLAM FROM c. 1880 TO THE PRESENT." Journal of African History 48, no. 2 (July 2007): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853707002769.
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ABSTRACTThis article begins with a quotation from a local informant highlighting a perception in the Gambia/Casamance borderlands that there is a pattern linking the violence of the later nineteenth century with more recent troubles. It argues that there is some merit in this thesis, which is encapsulated in a concatenation of events: systematic raiding by Fodé Sylla led to the creation of a relatively depopulated colonial border zone which was later filled by Jola immigrants from Buluf to the southeast. In the perception of some, it is these immigrants who attracted the MFDC rebels. Mandinkas and Jolas of Fogny Jabankunda and Narang, and Karoninkas from the islands of Karone have therefore been largely unreceptive to appeals to Casamance nationalism. The article also argues that there are more twisted historical connections. Whereas in the later nineteenth century, the Jolas associated Islam with violent enslavement, they later converted en masse. Their attitude towards Fodé Sylla remained negative, whilst the Mauritanian marabout, Cheikh Mahfoudz, was credited with the introduction of a pacific form of Islam that valorized hard work and legitimated physical migration. This legacy has posed a further barrier to militant nationalism. Islam and violence remain linked, but the signs have been reversed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gambia migration"
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Jobarteh, Aida. "The Back Way To Europe & Everything in Between : A Study of Migration Culture in The Gambia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Etnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146419.
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Crossing the Sahara to reach Libya for the purpose of onward migration across the Mediterranean to Italy is what in Gambia is called “The Back Way”. The aim of this study is to examine the ambitions and reasons behind a migratory project from The Gambia to Europe. By identifying the key constituents of a migration culture, I can get a broader insight into why the celebration of migration is evident, and how the ‘story of Europe’ is shaped. I have interviewed Gambians who are geographically in different places and who all find themselves in different life trajectories, most of them connected to migration. My conversations about migration, “The Back Way” and Europe stretches from interviews with repatriates, aspiring migrants and non-migrants. I have also interviewed Gambians in the Diaspora. In this study, I found a strong societal expectation and hope towards both migration and the diaspora which in return caused certain diasporic behavior that painted a misleading picture of Europe. I also found a strong hope and resilient aspirations in terms of social status and recognition believed to be attained easier as a migrant coming back from Europe.
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Strand, Jagne Frida. "The Back way to Europe : A case study about why young men in Gambia are prepared to risk their lives to get to Europe." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35637.
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Irregular migration is one of our times challenge and the news about migrants dying in the Mediterranean Sea seems to be more and more common these days. African migrants are risking their lives migrating by routes through the desert on trucks packed with migrants to get to Libya; this route is called the back way. From Libya they are crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small over loaded boats with the hope to reach Italy. This study focus on young Gambian men who say that they are prepared to risk their life by going the back way in order to reach Europe. Gambia is a small country in West Africa, a country that has been free from violence and war, a peaceful country. Yet the back way is something that is on everybody’s lips in Gambia today and a lot of people, especially young men, are trying to get to Europe through that way. This research is looking into why these young men are prepared to risk their lives to reach Europe; it is showing what it is that make people take their decisions to go. In order to find answers to this, interviews with young men in Gambia has been done and the material have then been analyzed with the help of the push and pull model, the rational choice theory and Charles Tilly’s ideas about durable inequality. What can be understood from the findings in this research is that people migrate in order to improve their lives. They consider the back way only because that is what is available to them since the legal ways of getting to Europe are few and hard to get for somebody from the developing world. The research also shows that your position in the family and in the society plays a crucial part in the decision of going or not going.
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Dalzell, Sarah. "Bone health in Gambian women : impact and implications of rural-to-urban migration and the nutrition transition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283609.
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Urbanisation and the associated nutrition transition have been linked with the recent rise in osteoporotic fragility fracture incidence in many countries. Predictions indicate that hip fracture incidence will increase 6-fold in Africa and Asia by 2050, partially attributed to demographic transition and population ageing. Differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) between rural and urban locations indicate that urban regions of high-income countries (HIC) have lower aBMD and a higher incidence of hip fracture. The few studies conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) provide inconsistent results; in contrast to HIC, most have found higher aBMD in urban populations. To investigate the impact of migrating to an urban environment, detailed studies of bone phenotype and factors affecting bone health have been conducted in two groups of pre-menopausal Gambian women: urban migrant (n=58) and rural (n=81). Both groups spent their formative years in the same rural setting of Kiang West, urban women were known to have migrated to coastal districts, concentrated in Brikama and Kanifing, when aged ≥16 years. Bone phenotype (bone mineral content (BMC); bone area (BA); aBMD, and size-adjusted BMC (adjusted for height, weight and BA) of the whole-body, lumbar spine and hip) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with further characterisation by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Data were also collected on anthropometry, body composition, food and nutrient intakes, physical activity, socio-demographic characteristics, vitamin D status, and 24hr urinary mineral outputs (Na, K, P, and Ca). Mean age and height of rural and urban migrant groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Urban migrant women were significantly heavier (p < 0.01). Significant differences in BMC and aBMD were found between groups at all skeletal sites, with urban women having higher BMC and aBMD; BA was not significantly different. The greatest difference in BMC was found at the lumbar spine (8.5% ± SE 3.0, p < 0.01), a meaningful difference, equivalent to 0.76 of rural SD. T- Scores were also calculated using a young adult (white, female) reference population, mean T- scores were -1.03 and -0.22, for rural and urban groups respectively. After adjusting for size, differences in whole-body and hip BMC were mostly attenuated (p > 0.05), but difference in spine BMC remained significant (6.2% ± SE 2.1, p < 0.01). These results indicate that rural-to-urban migration is associated with higher BMC; BA and height were similar, and difference in body weight could not fully account for higher BMC at the lumbar spine. Calcium intakes were low in both groups, urban migrant 294mg/d (IQR: 235 to 385) and rural 305mg/d (IQR: 222 to 420). Urban women had significantly lower intakes of potassium, magnesium and dietary fibre (p < 0.01), related to lower consumption of fruit, green leafy vegetables and groundnuts. 25-hydroxy vitamin D status was good in both groups, urban migrant 64.0 ± 14.2nmol/L and rural 68.3 ± 15.7nmol/L (M ± SD, p > 0.05). Implications for bone health of the nutrition and demographic transition, principally future fracture risk and other non-communicable diseases require further research in LMICs. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE To my knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact of rural-to-urban migration on bone health to be conducted in sub Saharan Africa. It is the first study of bone health and determinants of bone health in an urban population in The Gambia.
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Bah, Tijan L. "Trois essais sur la migration internationale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E005/document.
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Cette thèse vise à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs qui agissent sur la décision de migrer des individus. Dans le chapitre 1, nous montrons qu’au Portugal, les immigrés occupent souvent des postes pour lesquels ils sont surqualifiés, et que cette non-adéquation entre profils et emplois occupés influence la sélection dans la migration. Les phénomènes de surqualification, plus marqués chez les individus les plus qualifiés, entrainent une sélection négative des migrants, tandis qu’une bonne adéquation entre profils et emplois conduit à une sélection positive.Dans le chapitre 2, nous tirons profit d’une expérimentation sur le terrain pour comprendre comment les décisions de migrer illégalement vers l’Europe des jeunes gambiens sont influencées par l’information qu’ils ont sur les risques associés à cette mobilité. Nous montrons d’abord que les participants au jeu surestiment à la fois le risque de périr en route et la probabilité d’obtenir un statut légal en Europe. Nos résultats suggèrent par ailleurs que la décision de migrer illégalement est influencée par l’une et l’autre probabilité. Informer les candidats au départ sur les risques réels encourus pourrait ainsi les aider à prendre des décisions en connaissance de cause et contribuerait peut-être à sauver des vies. Dans le chapitre 3, nous examinons les liens entre structure familiale et migration, en étudiant l’influence du type d’union des mères sur le comportement migratoire de leurs enfants. Nous trouvons que les enfants nés de mères en union polygame sont plus enclins à migrer vers l’étranger. Nous expliquons ce résultat par la rivalité fraternelle qui en découleThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the drivers of international migration. In Chapter 1, we document that immigrants in Portugal face a high incidence of occupational-skill mismatch, and show how it affects the selection into migration. We find that the incidence of over-education leads to negative selection while correct occupational-skill matches lead to positive selection. In Chapter 2, we rely on a lab-in-the-field experiment to understand the willingness to migrate illegally of young males aged 15 to 25 in The Gambia. We first show that potential migrants overestimate both the risk of dying en route to Europe, and the probability of obtaining legal residency status. The experimental results suggestthat the willingness to migrate illegally is affected by information on the chances of dying en route and of obtaining a legal residence permit. Providing providing potential migrants with official numbers on both probabilities thus affect their likelihood of migrating. This has the potential to help migrants make informed decisions and perhaps save lives. In Chapter 3, we investigate the impact of family structure on international migration decisions. We find that children of mothers in polygynous unions are more likely to migrate internationally. We provide further evidence suggesting that this result is due to sibling rivalry: having full- or half-siblings in migration increases the likelihood of migrating. Our evidence suggests that co-wives’ rivalry as documented elsewhere trickles down to children’s rivalry in migration, suggesting that while neglected in the literature, family structure is crucial to understanding migration
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Bellion, Arnaud. "Régionalisation du cortex cérébral et mode de migration des interneurones corticaux." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066390.
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Elster, Jennifer Leith. "Quantification and Tracking of Transplanted Satellite Cells." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195718.
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Satellite cells are adult stem cells that contribute to hypertrophy and repair in muscles. It is hypothesized that in muscular dystrophy, the satellite cells population is depleted at a very early age, due to repeated muscle damage and repair. Satellite cell transplantation is a potentially useful therapy for muscle diseases, but the lack of an efficient delivery system has hindered its application. The presented work focuses on two specific aims that address the need for more effective cell delivery methods for cell-based therapy. In Specific Aim 1 enhanced tissue culture techniques, such as heat stress, are used to increase cell survival in satellite cell transplantation studies. Also addressed within this specific aim are methods to label and evaluate performance using real-time PCR techniques.Although much work remains to enhancing the viability of in vitro expanded myoblasts derived from satellite cells, a second important hurdle is the systemic delivery of satellite cells to multiple sites (all muscles, in the case of muscular dystrophies). In vitro and in vivo experiments are being undertaken to explore the physiological role of cell signaling systems involved in directed migration and to determine if these chemokine and growth factors can be manipulated to enhance efficacy of cell-based therapies involving skeletal muscle satellite cells. Specific Aim 2 addresses migration of satellite cells to sites of injury and methods to track transplanted cells within the host. Presented here is the use of FAST SPECT II imaging of 111-Indium oxine radiolabeled satellite cells. The long lifetime of 111-indium oxine and the ability to quantify label using FAST SPECT imaging techniques make this technique ideal for in-vivo tracking of transplanted satellite cells for week long studies. Without in-vivo imaging techniques cell fate studies require sequential animal sacrifice with histological sectioning. This not only increases the number of animals used but also adds a significant inter-animal variability to their assessment. The determination of cell fate after transplantation will have a major impact on cell therapy for treatment of muscle disease as well as other stem cell therapies.
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Cissé, Abdoul Wahab. "Itinéraires migratoires et enjeux identitaires : étude de cas de la migration Sereer dans les Îles du Saloum (Sénégal)." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40045.
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Cette thèse aborde la question de la différenciation culturelle dans les situations de contact créées par les processus migratoires. Comment les évaluent-ils la différenciation culturelle entre la société de départ et celle d'accueil ? Notre hypothèse est que plus la différenciation culturelle est évaluée comme grande par les migrants plus ils auront tendance à faire apparaître dans leurs dynamiques associatives une visibilité de l'ethnicité. Nous avons choisi de faire notre étude de cas sur les migrants originaires des îles du Saloum au Sénégal et dispersés en forme de diaspora. Les itinéraires migratoires que nous avons choisi d'analyser sont ceux qui les conduisent dans les villes sénégalaises, en Gambie et en Gironde (France). Nous avons pu tout à tour analyser, les migrations de proximiyé, des aspects de l'intégration nationale au Sénégal, la transnationalité de la migration, le traitement accorfdé aux flus migratoires par l'État sénégalais et celui français et les enjeux identitaires liés à ces migrations, etc. Nous avons pu vérifier notre hypothèse centrale sur la différenciation culturelle en montrant la variabilité des contenus de l'ethnicité suivant les espaces d'accueil. En effet, suivant que le migrant est en France ou dans une ville sénégalaise ou en Gambie, le contenu du discours sur les appartenances change. Une autre conclusion à laquelle nous sommes parvenus est que les collectivités territoriales françaises tentent de plus en plus de s'appuyer sur l'espaces associatifs immigré pour conduire des projets dans le cadre de la coopération décentralisée. A travers ce travail aussi cest la notion d'altérité qui est revisitée afin de privilégier une approche dynamique dans son analyse. Nous avons essayé de montrer les limites du primordialisme dans l'analyse des cultures en situation de contact. Enfin l'étude des itinéraires migratoires depuis leurs points de départ et dans la longue durée nous a permis de montrer comment les habitus liés à une longue pratique sociale dans ce domaine et les migrations de proximité, préparent les acteurs à investir l'espace international
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SOARES, EUFEMIA P. "Estudo do método radiométrico para avaliação da migração de elementos de embalagens plásticas para o seu conteúdo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11662.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Pang, Xiaomeng. "Étude des conséquences de la déficience génétique en ß1,3-galactosyltransférase 6 (ß3GalT6) sur la pathogénie d’une maladie génétique rare, le syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos (SED)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0190/document.
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Les protéoglycanes (PGs) jouent un rôle important dans de multiples processus cellulaires tels que la prolifération, la différenciation et la migration cellulaires. Les PGs sont constitués d’une protéine porteuse sur laquelle sont fixées de façon covalente des chaînes hétéropolyssacharidiques de glycosaminoglycanes (GAGs). L’initiation de la biosynthèse des GAGs sur les PGs implique une glycosyltransférase, la ß1,3-galactosyltransférase 6 (ß3GalT6) qui catalyse l’addition d’un résidu galactose sur un disaccharide accepteur (Gal-Xyl) fixé au niveau de motifs d’ancrage des GAGs sur la protéine porteuse du PG. Des mutations de la ß3GalT6 ont été récemment associées à une forme pléiotropique du syndrome d’Ehlers-Danlos (SED), un groupe hétérogène de maladies génétiques rares touchant les constituants matriciels des tissus conjonctifs. L’implication de la ß3GalT6 dans la pathogénie du SED n’est cependant pas encore connue à ce jour, point qui sera exploré au cours de ce travail de thèse. Nous avons montré que la mutation du gène B3GALT6 conduit à une diminution de la biosynthèse des GAGs matriciels et membranaires, associée à une réduction de la capacité migratoire des fibroblastes de derme humain issus de patients atteints de SED par rapport aux fibroblastes contrôle, non porteurs de l’altération génétique. Une étude “gain et perte de fonction” a montré que l’extinction du gène B3GALT6 dans des fibroblastes contrôle impacte la biosynthèse des GAGs. De façon complémentaire, la restauration de l’expression de la ß3GalT6 dans les fibroblastes des patients a eu pour conséquences une augmentation du taux de synthèse des GAGs matriciels et membranaires, associée à une augmentation significative de la capacité de migration des cellules équivalente à celle des cellules non déficientes. Les résultats obtenus nous permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle de la ß3GalT6 dans la pathogénie du SED. Ces travaux ciblant la ß3GalT6 peuvent ouvrir la perspective de proposer des stratégies thérapeutiques visant à s’opposer à la perte d’anabolisme des GAGs et au défaut de migration observés dans le SEDProteoglycans (PGs) play important roles in many physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. PGs are composed of linear heteropolysaccharide chains, called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are covalently attached to a core protein through a tetrasaccharide linkage. The addition of the third residue (galactose) of the linkage is catalyzed by ß1,3-galactosyltransferase 6 (ß3GalT6), a key glycosyltransferase in GAG initiation. Recently, mutations of ß3GalT6 have been associated to Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), a group of rare and severe genetic connective tissue disorders. However, the role of ß3GalT6 defects in EDS pathogeny remains unknown. In my thesis, we showed that ß3GalT6 defective dermal fibroblasts of affected patients exhibited a marked reduction in GAG anabolism associated to a significant delay in wound closure compared to control cells. The ß3GalT6 gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that B3GALT6 gene deletion in control fibroblasts affects the synthesis of GAGs chains. Interestingly, GAG anabolism and cell migration were restored when ß3GalT6 is overexpressed in patient fibroblasts, which could be the starting point to the development of therapeutic strategies against the loss of GAG synthesis and defect of cell migration observed in EDS. This work provides a better understanding of the crucial role of ß3GalT6 in EDS pathogeny
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Fougerat, Anne. "Rôle de la phosphoinositide 3-Kinase gamma dans la paroi artérielle : une cible thérapeutique dans le traitement de l'athérosclérose et de ses complications ?" Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1053/.
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Le rôle de l'inflammation dans le développement des maladies cardiovasculaires reste un domaine majeur d'investigation dans la recherche de nouvelles thérapies. En effet, l'inflammation constitue un élément essentiel de la pathologie de l'athérosclérose mais également de la resténose, complication majeure du traitement par angioplastie de l'athérosclérose. Les cellules inflammatoires ainsi que les médiateurs immuns sont impliqués dans toutes les étapes du développement de l'athérosclérose. Elles participent également à la modulation phénotypique des cellules musculaires lisses (CML) qui vont acquérir un phénotype migratoire et prolifératif aboutissant à l'hyperplasie intimale, celle-ci constituant le mécanisme majeure de la resténose. L'isoforme gamma des phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Kgamma) a fait l'objet d'un intérêt croissant ces dernières années dans les pathologies inflammatoires. Ces kinases appartiennent à la classe I des PI3K capables de générer du phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) impliqués dans la régulation d'un grand nombre de processus biologiques. La classe I des PI3K est divisée en deux sous-classes, la classe IA (p110alpha, beta et delta) classiquement activée par les tyrosine kinases, et la classe IB (p110gamma) activée par les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G hétérotrimériques. La génération de souris invalidées pour la PI3Kgamma a permis de montrer que les voies de signalisation impliquant cette kinase modulaient des fonctions immunitaires plaçant la PI3Kgamma comme un bon candidat dans la recherche de cibles thérapeutiques pour le traitement de pathologies auto-immunes. De plus, des études récentes ont montré un profil d'expression complexe de la PI3Kgamma incluant de faibles taux d'expression de cette kinase dans différents types cellulaires du système cardiovasculaire notamment dans les CML. L'ensemble de ces données a permis de poser l'hypothèse d'un rôle possible de la PI3Kgamma dans l'athérogénèse et ses complications. Ainsi dans une première partie, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle de la PI3Kgamma dans le développement de l'athérosclérose. L'administration intrapéritonéale d'un inhibiteur pharmacologique spécifique de la PI3Kgamma conduit à une diminution du développement de lésions athéromateuses précoces mais aussi de plaques plus avancées dans deux modèles murins d'athérosclérose. De plus, à l'aide de souris chimères dépourvues de la PI3Kgamma dans le système immunitaire, nous avons démontré le rôle central de la PI3Kgamma dans les processus inflammatoires de la paroi artérielle conduisant au développement de la plaque d'athérome et participant à sa déstabilisation. La deuxième partie de ce travail s'est intéressée aux fonctions de la PI3Kgamma dans les cellules composant la paroi artérielle et plus particulièrement les CML. Ce travail réalisé in vitro a permis de mettre en évidence l'implication de la PI3Kgamma dans la migration des CML stimulées par la chimiokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1). De plus, nous avons montré que la PI3Kgamma pouvait servir d'amplificateur de la réponse au PDGF par un mécanisme autocrine/paracrine faisant intervenir le complexe MCP-1/CCR2 (MCP-1 receptor). L'ensemble des propriétés de la PI3Kgamma dans la paroi artérielle que nous avons démontré placent cette kinase comme une cible thérapeutique de choix dans le traitement de l'athérosclérose et de ses complicationsThe role of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases has become an active area of investigation for the development of novel and innovative drugs targeting inflammatory proteins. Inflammation is a crucial event in atherosclerosis and restenosis, a major complication of atherosclerosis treatment by angioplasty. Inflammatory cells and immune factors are involved in all stages of the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, these cells are in part responsible for smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation leading to intimal hyperplasia. The gamma isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kgamma) belongs to class I PI3K family producing 3-phosphoinositides and especially phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) involved in many biological effects. The class I of PI3K is divided in two subclasses: class IA (p110alpha, beta and delta) classically activated through tyrosine kinase receptors and class IB (p110gamma), mainly activated by G protein-coupled receptors. Mice lacking catalytic subunits p110gamma have demonstrated a role of this isoform in several inflammatory and immune functions marking PI3Kgamma as a good candidate for drug development in autoimmune diseases. In addition to its functions in the immune system recent studies have demonstrated a more complex expression pattern in other cell types, particularly in SMC. These properties suggest that PI3Kgamma could play a role in atherosclerosis and its complications. In this work, we have first focused on the role of PI3Kgamma in atherosclerosis development. Our results demonstrate that a specific PI3Kgamma inhibitor is effective in murine models of established atherosclerosis. Intraperitoneal administration of PI3Kγ inhibitor significantly decreased early atherosclerotic lesions and attenuated more advanced atherosclerosis in two mouse models of atherosclerosis. Moreover chimeric mice lacking PI3Kgamma exclusively in immune cells showed that PI3Kγ plays an essential role in inflammatory processes of the vascular wall leading to the development of atherosclerosis and to plaque stability. In a second part, we investigate the specific involvement of PI3Kgamma in arterial wall and especially in SMC functions. Our results show that this kinase is essential to SMC migration induced by MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) in vitro. Moreover we demonstrate that PI3Kγ could amplify PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-stimulated SMC migration by an autocrine/paracrine pathway involving MCP-1 secretion and its receptor CCR2 activation. Altogether our results indicate that PI3Kgamma could be a potential new therapeutic target in atherosclerosis treatment and its complications
Books on the topic "Gambia migration"
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Gessain, Monique. Coniagui: Guinée, Sénégal et Gambie, 1904-2004 : l'histoire d'une diaspora. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: Sépia, 2004.
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Coniagui: Guinée, Sénégal et Gambie : 1904-2004, l'histoire d'une diaspora. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés: Sepia, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gambia migration"
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Percot, Marie. "Bangladeshi Fishermen in Oman: Migration as a Gamble." In Asianization of Migrant Workers in the Gulf Countries, 177–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9287-1_10.
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"1. When Migration Becomes the Norm." In The Big Gamble, 25–49. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520970755-004.
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Sopranzetti, Claudio. "The Unresolved Tensions of Migration." In Owners of the Map. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288492.003.0005.
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This chapter analyzes the drivers’ circular migration between Bangkok and their villages. It focuses on the predicaments of this mobility. On the one hand, their experiences, stories, and trajectories contribute to reproducing narratives in which Bangkok and the villages sit at opposite ends of the spectrum of development and modernity. On the other, the drivers modulate between the two spaces, constantly attempting to pull them together, connect and mediate them, struggling to find a place for themselves in between the two. This chapter explores how the drivers navigate this complex position, torn between their participation in reproducing narratives of distance between the city and the village, which drove them to migrate in the first place and keeps them suspended between the two spaces, and attempts to reconcile it though their life trajectories. Whichever strategy they adopt to cope with these tensions, in their migration, the drivers take the same gamble that they accept while riding the city: a gamble that makes them both aware of and concerned with the fragility of their lives and the material effects of these unresolved tensions on their families and villages.
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"Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 125–36. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.f.
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"When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 25–49. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.b.
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"Introduction." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 1–24. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.a.
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"Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 50–78. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.c.
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"An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 79–100. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.d.
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"Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 101–24. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.e.
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"Conclusion." In The Big Gamble: The Migration of Eritreans to Europe, 137–44. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.82.g.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Gambia migration"
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O'Dell, Stephen L., Douglas A. Swartz, Neil W. Tice, Paul P. Plucinsky, Herman Marshall, Akos Bogdan, Catherine E. Grant, Allyn F. Tennant, and Matthew T. Dahmer. "Modeling contamination migration on the Chandra X-ray Observatory IV." In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XX, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2274818.
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Garcia, S. Gomez, Enrique Estrada, Luis Arnulfo Rodriguez Gonzales, Guadalupe Vargas, German R. Gomez, O. Picon, Franklin Tineo, Marbella Nakary Rengifo, Jaime Estrada, and Heriberto Zarate. "Evaluation of Multifractures Through Unconventional Log Using Gamma Functions, Facies, LSSA, and Migration of Fracture in Laminated Sandstone of Chicontepec." In SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/153434-ms.
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Garg, Manoj, Deepika Kanojia, Ryoko Okamoto, Vikas Madan, Wenwen Chien, Abhishek Sampath, Ling-Wen Ding, et al. "Abstract 5570: Laminin-5 gamma-2 (LAMC2) is highly expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and is associated with tumor progression, migration and invasion by modulating signaling of EGFR." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5570.
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Ma, J. D., T. Yan, Y. S. Mou, J. Jing, Y. Q. Mo, and L. Dai. "AB0098 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1Β facilitates migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via activation of canonical and non-canonical nf-Κb signalling pathway." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.5103.
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Kutlakhmedov, Yu, V. Davydchyk, A. Jouve, and N. Grytsiuk. "Evaluation the Efficacy of the Turf-Cutter Soil Decontamination Technology." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1167.
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Abstract The testing begun in the framework of the CEC project ECP-4 “Decontamination technologies and strategies” have allowed to develop and to test new technology of the polluted soils decontamination by removal of the thin turf layer by the vibrating blade of the special machine (Turf-Cutter). The experiments were conducted at the radioactively contaminated soils of Ukraine and Belarus during 1992–2000. The machine “TURF HARVESTER” (USA) was used in the experiment. The first testing of the method was conducted on the well turfed radioecological polygon “Buryakovka”, 4 km from the Chernobyl NPP, with levels of contamination: 100 Ci/km2 by Cs-137, 80 Ci/km2 by Sr-90, 7 Ci/km2 by Pu-239. As the preliminary researches have shown, about 95% of the radionuclides were concentrated in the upper layer of the unploughed soil. In an outcome of tests on a selected plot the decontamination factor (Fd) 25–40 for different radionuclides was obtained. After removal of turf and opening the soil surface, the wind soil erosion and secondary resuspension the radionuclides was expect. It has not taken place, as special researches on an evaluation of the wind resuspension of radionuclides by the soil particles after the turf harvesting. This can be explained as follows. The vibrating blade does not decondence and decompose the soil layer remaining. At the same time, the thin turf and soil layer removal saves the vegetation regenerating organs and roots, which allows the grass restoration and surface fixation within one month after the experiment. The second test of a method was conducted on a polygon “Chistogalovka”, 3 km of the NPP. A high level of the radioactive contamination (150 Ci/km2 by Cs-137) and the weak turf cover of the rugged sand surface characterized the polygon. The turf removal at this polygon has allowed to receive Df = 10–15. Another testing was made at the Belorussian part of the Zone, which have demonstrated the possibility of the selected turf removal under the spotty radioactive contamination. The field gamma-spectrometer “Corad”, produced by the Kurchatov Institute (Russia), was used for the operative definition the highly contaminated spots. The selected removal of the mostly contaminated spots decreased the mass of the turf removed by 70%, obtaining the Df = 5–7. Next testing was conducted at the village Miliach (Rivne Province, Dubrovitsa district, Ukraine) at the pasture “Stav” with the contamination level by Cs-137 about 5 Ci/km2. This pasture was not influenced by any post-accident countermeasures. After the radioactive turf removal (Df = 15–20), the fodder grass was sow. The grass contamination was 15 times less, comparing to the control. The experimental fattening of 10 cows by a grass, skewed on the decontaminated plot, within 10 days, was carried on. A comparison the contamination of the milk from the experimental cows, which were fed by a grass of the turf-harvested plot, and the milk of the control cows, has shown the milk Df about 11 in 1993. The data obtained show high efficiency of the decontamination technology for the polluted soils based on the turf removal by the vibrating blade. Decontamination factor about 7–15 for the sandy and dusty-sandy soils with a weak turf layer up to 20–40 for the organic and wet silty soils with a strong turf layer was obtained. Important thing is, the best Dfs were obtained for the soils, which are critical on the intensity of the root uptake of the radionuclides. The high ecological and radioecological safety of the Turf-Cutter technology of the soil decontamination is also to be considered. The thin turf and soil layer removal does not deteriorate dramatically the migration situation and at the same time does not avoid the damaged ecosystem self-restoration. The volume of the matter harvested is comparatively low, because of the thin cutting. Being stored in the walls 2,5 m height, it occupies less 5% of the territory decontaminated, and the risk of migration the radionuclides outside the storage sites is comparative to those of the primary soil layouts. The field testing of the Turf-Cutter technology show correlation of its efficacy to the soil types, vegetation cover and the landscape conditions of the contaminated territory. It allowed, using some elements of the GIS-technologies and cartographic modeling, to prepare special evaluation and zonification the territories contaminated on the efficacy of the Turf-Cutter technology, and to identify the areas best for it’s mostly effective application. Following investigations confirm stable, long-term character of the improvements carried out. The sampling of 2000 at Miliach experimental plot shows the decontamination factor 10–11 for the grass and about 8 for milk. Moreover, as the Cs-137 still remains at the upper part of the soil profile, the Turf-Cutter technology is still actual for the territories of the post-Chernobyl radioactive contamination. Obviously, it can be suitable also for the removal of any other surface pollutant from the soil.