Journal articles: 'Gambia migration'

1

Kaplan, Perarnau Moles, Sanyang, Le Charles, Álvarez, and Aliaga. "The Impact of Circular Migration on FGM/C: Transnational Communities in Spain and the Gambia." Social Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8100290.

Full text

Abstract:

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional harmful practice that migrates with people and has become a global phenomenon. Understanding how the diaspora resignifies and can change the tradition will allow us to measure the impact of transnational relations on information flows and decision making in a multisite space. The objective is to analyze the influence of migration on the practice of FGM/C with a participatory and circular methodology, focused on Gambian communities both in Spain and in The Gambia. The study shows the trends on how acculturation processes entail cultural change, both in Africa as well as in diaspora.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ceesay, Ebrima K. "The Impact of Migration and Remittances on Employment in Agriculture in the Gambia." Journal of Agronomy Research 3, no. 2 (December 5, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-20-3318.

Full text

Abstract:

For economic growth and development in any WE African country the GDP progress is depending on the key push-pull factors as migration, personal remittances received, bilateral aids and, absolutely, employment in agriculture which is about 1/3 of the population and not a predominant and protected minority as happens in the industrialized EU and North America. In order to represent the framework of the reciprocal dependencies the present study used the statistics of Gambia from WDI covering the periods from 1960 to 2017 by applying linear regression models. The results confirmed that migration and remittances have significant positive impact on employment in agriculture because new investment in agriculture created new skilled and unskilled employment. The results also found out that employment in agriculture has negative and significant impacts on foreign aids: 10% increase in migration, increases foreign aid by 50.3%. Increasing 10% of remittance, increase economic growth by 0.14% but 10% increases in employment in agriculture, decrease economic growth by 0.04%. To face globalization the economy of the Gambia should use the foreign aid to improve agriculture production and productivity thereby increase economic growth through human capital theory of migration, skilled migration, export and food security, the study recommends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ceesay, Ebrima K. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on the Social- Economic Situation: Evidence from the Gambia." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.6.19.

Full text

Abstract:

This study assesses the social and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which coronavirus affect social and economic in the Gambia. The questionnaire was designed to help Gambia to understand covid-19 impacts on their social and economic situation. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected the people in the Gambia in a number of ways; 1) 84 percent said they should not open borders to more countries while only 16 percent said they should open borders. 2) In the Gambia, 61 percent of the respondents said the environmental factor that is serious hit due to covid-19 outbreak is the energy sector. 3) 44.2 percent of the respondent said that covid-19 will have fluctuation in growing on the GDP and trade in the Gambia. 4) Due the serious impact of covid-19 on the societies, 48.8 percent of the respondent in the Gambia said they are very worried that they or someone in their family will be exposed to the coronavirus outbreak. 5) 70.5 percent of the respondent said the outbreak will have negative impact in the economy of the Gambia. 6) As the result generated from the survey, 58 percent of the respondent said in the Gambia, due to covid-19 the recession will happen over the next year. 7) 65.4 percent of the respondents said government implemented an education response for continue of learning in the Gambia while educational institutions are closed.8) 55.1 percent of the respondent said their enterprise used online learning programmes and resources and 32. 1 percent said their enterprise used video conferencing tools and 15.4 percent said their organization used printed materials such as new papers or posters and 9 percent said multimedia including podcasts and YouTube and 6.4 percent, which is the least said TV are used for staff development and training during covid-19 pandemic.9) 50 percent of the respondent to this question of the survey said their organization had planned new training programmes or activities in response to the covid-19 e.g University of the Gambia training their staffs for quality teaching and learning for their students. The implication of the results from this online survey is that it has serious impacts in the Gambia especially in economic situation, employment, consumption, investment and energy. Another policy implication is that, high co2 emission will affect national parks, wildlife and forests’, and poverty, food insecurity and hunger will rises and poor agriculture, the domestic and international migration will be reduces, remittances reduces and those left behind will be seriously affected in terms of health, food security, education, energy and so on especially women, children, elderly and disable that are left behind.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wacher, T. J., P. Rawlings, and W. F. Snow. "Cattle migration and stocking densities in relation to tsetse-trypanosomiasis challenge in The Gambia." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 87, no. 5 (January 1993): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1993.11812804.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ceesay, Ebrima. "Employment in agriculture, migration, bilateral aids, economic growth and remittance: Evidence from the Gambia." Economics, Management and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jems.2020.5-1.5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bellagamba, Alice. "Entrustment and its Changing Political Meanings in Fuladu, the Gambia (1880–1994)." Africa 74, no. 3 (August 2004): 383–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2004.74.3.383.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe practice of entrustment is a form of voluntary allegiance for the sake of protection, one which historically lies at the core of host–stranger relationships along the River Gambia. Deeply woven into the social fabric of local communities, it was appropriated by various historical subjects during the twentieth century in order to construct networks of political confidence and mutual assistance at a local and national level. This article traces this dynamic process of re-elaboration. In so doing, it takes into account the history of a Mandinka commercial settlement in eastern Gambia from the late nineteenth century to post-Independence times, and questions the shifts that occurred in the political significance of entrustment with changing social and economic scenarios. Contextualised in the longue durée, the practice of karafoo shows its relevance as a cultural resource encouraging the creation of networks of trust and interdependence in social settings historically characterised by seasonal and more stable forms of migration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

GAIBAZZI, PAOLO. "THE RANK EFFECT: POST-EMANCIPATION IMMOBILITY IN A SONINKE VILLAGE." Journal of African History 53, no. 2 (July 2012): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000382.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe end of internal slavery in West Africa is generally associated with an increase in labour mobility. This article complicates this picture by showing that the effects of status – the rank effect – on people's ability to migrate often outlasted emancipation. In Sabi, a Soninke village in Upper River Gambia, economic migration intensified and globalised from the 1950s onwards. Although they have since been free to move, the descendants of slaves have migrated less than those of the freeborn. The article attributes this relative immobility to the enduring dynamics of socioeconomic marginalisation based on slave descent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Conrad Suso, Catherine T. "Involuntary Immobility and the Unfulfilled Rite of Passage: Implications for Migration Management in the Gambia, West Africa." International Migration 58, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12675.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wenning, Brianne. "An Ethnographic Perspective of Well-Being, Salutogenesis and Meaning Making among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Gambia and the United Kingdom." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090324.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on refugees and asylum seekers largely focuses on the negative impacts that forced migration has on well-being. Though most individuals do not experience poor long-term mental health because of forced migration, less attention has been given to what factors promote positive well-being. Using an ethnographic approach, I elucidate how the concept of salutogenesis can be applied to African refugees and asylum seekers living in the greater Serrekunda area of the Gambia and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom. Specifically, I explore what resources impact on the sense of coherence construct and its three components—comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness—and how these are embedded in everyday discussions and understandings. In total, I spent twenty months conducting ethnographic fieldwork between the two sites and conducted forty individual interviews. Amongst my interlocutors, the three most common resources that people spoke positively about, particularly as it relates to meaning making, are work, education and religion. Further research in this area is crucial in order to identify, promote and strengthen those factors facilitating positive well-being amongst those who have been forcibly displaced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

NUGENT, PAUL. "CYCLICAL HISTORY IN THE GAMBIA/CASAMANCE BORDERLANDS: REFUGE, SETTLEMENT AND ISLAM FROM c. 1880 TO THE PRESENT." Journal of African History 48, no. 2 (July 2007): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853707002769.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis article begins with a quotation from a local informant highlighting a perception in the Gambia/Casamance borderlands that there is a pattern linking the violence of the later nineteenth century with more recent troubles. It argues that there is some merit in this thesis, which is encapsulated in a concatenation of events: systematic raiding by Fodé Sylla led to the creation of a relatively depopulated colonial border zone which was later filled by Jola immigrants from Buluf to the southeast. In the perception of some, it is these immigrants who attracted the MFDC rebels. Mandinkas and Jolas of Fogny Jabankunda and Narang, and Karoninkas from the islands of Karone have therefore been largely unreceptive to appeals to Casamance nationalism. The article also argues that there are more twisted historical connections. Whereas in the later nineteenth century, the Jolas associated Islam with violent enslavement, they later converted en masse. Their attitude towards Fodé Sylla remained negative, whilst the Mauritanian marabout, Cheikh Mahfoudz, was credited with the introduction of a pacific form of Islam that valorized hard work and legitimated physical migration. This legacy has posed a further barrier to militant nationalism. Islam and violence remain linked, but the signs have been reversed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Ursini, Tamara, Paola Rodari, Geraldo Badona Monteiro, Valeria Barresi, Carmelo Cicciò, Fabio Moscolo, and Francesca Tamarozzi. "Large multicystic spinal lesion in a young African migrant: a problem of differential diagnosis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 7 (July 2021): e242690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242690.

Full text

Abstract:

We describe a rare case of large, fully cystic spinal schwannoma in a young adult from The Gambia. The initial clinical suspicion was spinal cystic echinococcosis. He came to our attention reporting progressive walking impairment and neurological symptoms in the lower limbs. An expansive lesion extending from L2 to S1 was shown by imaging (ie, CT scan and MRI). Differential diagnoses included aneurysmal bone cyst and spinal tuberculosis and abscess; the initial suggested diagnosis of spinal cystic echinococcosis was discarded based on contrast enhancement results. The final diagnosis of cystic schwannoma was obtained by histopathology of the excised mass. Cystic spinal lesions are rare and their differential diagnosis is challenging. Awareness of autochthonous and tropical infectious diseases is important, especially in countries experiencing consistent migration flow; however, it must be kept in mind that migrants may also present with ‘non-tropical’ pathologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Conrad Suso, Catherine T. "Backway or bust: causes and consequences of Gambian irregular migration." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 1 (March 2019): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000666.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractGambian irregular migration is a phenomenon that is well known and discussed within this small African nation, yet little is understood of the deep personal and socio-cultural motives to embark on the perilous journey across the Sahara towards Europe. This paper explores the ambitions and capabilities of Gambians who embark on irregular migration, or the so-called ‘backway’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Dagorn, Johanna, and Arnaud Alessandrin. "J.-M. Gamba, D.�Raphael, N.�Guichard (2016), �carts d'Identit�, ��Migration, �galit�, Interculturalit�, Globalisation et Migrations�� (dir), n��127, 92�p." Les cahiers de la LCD N�3, no. 1 (2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/clcd.003.0172.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kea, Pamela. "Gambian educational migration, care and the persistence of the domestic moral economy." Children's Geographies 18, no. 6 (September 27, 2020): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2020.1825623.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wright, Donald R. "Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia." History in Africa 12 (1985): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171727.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most prevalent and widely-accepted themes in the history of the Mandinka of Senegambia concerns the great Mandinka migrations--the westward movement of large groups of people that included the distant ancestors of today's Senegambian Mandinka population. The migrants are supposed to have come from traditional Manding homelands east and southeast of present locations of Mandinka peoples in Senegambia; conquest and longterm settlement were the ususal results of these migrations.For over a century scholarly (and not so scholarly) works dealing with the western Mandinka have shown acceptance as fact and included discussions at varying length of the early westward migrations. At a 1980 conference in Dakar, which historians, linguists, anthropologists, traditionists, and others from four continents attended, considerable time actually went toward discussing and disputing the specific routes the major migrant leaders took and toward attempting to work out paradigms of the various “waves” of Mandinka migration. And lest I appear too smug in my implied criticism of studies of these migrations, I should admit that I, too, have written of the phenomena in ways that could be interpreted as scholarly discussion of their causes, timing, and (gulp) even their “flow.”The major reason for the widespread acceptance of early Mandinka westward migrations and subsequent conquest and settlement--aside from the present ethnic and linguistic arrangement of the western Mandinka--is, of course, the frequency with which one hears tales of such in Senegambian traditions of origin. It is a rare Gambian Mandinka oral narrative--whether focusing on the history of a state, a village, or a separate lineage--that does not begin with where the ancestors originated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Gunnarsson, Björn. "The influence of male migration on female resources, independence, and development in Gambian villages." Gender & Development 19, no. 1 (March 2011): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2011.554031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Taylor, Charles, Yeya T. Touré, John Carnahan, Douglas E. Norris, Guimogo Dolo, Sekou F. Traoré, Frances E. Edillo, and Gregory C. Lanzaro. "Gene Flow Among Populations of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae, in Mali, West Africa." Genetics 157, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.2.743.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The population structure of the Anopheles gambiae complex is unusual, with several sibling species often occupying a single area and, in one of these species, An. gambiae sensu stricto, as many as three “chromosomal forms” occurring together. The chromosomal forms are thought to be intermediate between populations and species, distinguishable by patterns of chromosome gene arrangements. The extent of reproductive isolation among these forms has been debated. To better characterize this structure we measured effective population size, Ne, and migration rates, m, or their product by both direct and indirect means. Gene flow among villages within each chromosomal form was found to be large (Nem > 40), was intermediate between chromosomal forms (Nem ≈ 3–30), and was low between species (Nem ≈ 0.17–1.3). A recently developed means for distinguishing among certain of the forms using PCR indicated rates of gene flow consistent with those observed using the other genetic markers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Manchuelle, François. "Slavery, Emancipation and Labour Migration in West Africa: the case of the Soninke." Journal of African History 30, no. 1 (March 1989): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030899.

Full text

Abstract:

L'etude des conséquences de l'émancipation des esclaves est d'une grande importance pour la comprehension de l'histoire du travail en Afrique occidentale. Le système social des Soninké de la haute vallée du Sénégal, comme pour beaucoup de peuples sahéliens à l'époque précoloniale, reposait largement sur l'esclavage. L'apparition des migrations de travail chez les Soninké, cependant, s'explique beaucoup moins par l'abolition de l'esclavage que par la disparition progressive du commerce esclavagiste en Sénégambie au dix-neuvième siècle. En effet, c'est alors que furent substitutés à la traite intérieure les migrations saisonnières des jeunes Soninké. Ces migrations, traditionnellement orientées vers le commerce en Gambie, furent détournées vers la production d'arachide dans cette même région, probablement sous l'influence des trafiquants d'esclaves Soninké. Quant à l'émancipation, elle ne créa nullement un exode chez les esclaves nouvellement libérés mais elle permit leur entrée dans la courant des migrations saisonnières. Dans ce sens, l'abolition de l'esclavage fut un phénomêne important dans l'histoire du travail en Afrique occidentale. De plus, elle suscita des transformations dans 1'organisation du travail familial chez les Soninké, qui résultèrent en un surcroît de migrants.En conclusion, l'histoire des Soninké illustre l'importance de la question des migrations traditionnelles pour la compréhension des migrations modernes en Afrique occidentale, rappelant en cela l'histoire des migrations de travail en Europe, qui furent elles aussi les héritières de courants plus anciens de mobilité géographique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Aisyah, Anih Ai, Tjetjep Fachruddin, and Acep Aripudin. "Dakwah Terhadap Kaum Milenial Melalui Akun Facebook Motivasi Hijrah." Prophetica : Scientific and Research Journal of Islamic Communication and Broadcasting 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/prophetica.v6i1.2228.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to find out the da’wah messages for millenials on facebook social media migration motivation. The research focused on the meaning of denotation and the meaning of message connotation in the hijrah motivational facebook account and how the meaning of missionary message myth in the same account. The method used by researchers is semiotics in teh form of data analysis, by processing and interpreting quotes to provide on overview of the development of facebook as a medium that provides motivation. Linking quotes with the reality of life that is able to provide implicit meaning as a missionary message behind the posting of hijrah motivational accounts. The results of the study show that the form of da’wah activities carried out by hijrah motivational accounts can provide preaching messages for millenials. Use unique images to influence the attentoin of millenials in migrating. Facebook is used as a medium to understand missionary messages for millenials as a smooth learning process to accept islamic messages. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pesan dakwah untuk kaum milenial di media sosial facebook Motivasi Hijrah. Penelitian difokuskan pada makna denotasi dan konotasi pesan dalam akun facebook Motivasi Hijrah dan bagaimana makna mitos pesan dakwah dalam akun yang sama. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah semiotik yang berbentuk analisis data, dengan mengolah dan menafsirkan quote untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai perkembangan facebook sebagai media yang memberikan motivasi. Menghubungkan quote dengan realita (reality) kehidupan yang mampu memberikan makna tersirat sebagai pesan dakwah di balik postingan akun Motivasi Hijrah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk kegiatan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh akun Motivasi Hijrah dapat memberikan pesan dakwah bagi kalangan milenial. Menggunakan gambar-gambar unik untuk mempengaruhi perhatian kalangan milenial dalam melakukan hijrah. Facebook dijadikan sebagai media untuk memahami pesan dakwah bagi kalangan milenial sebagai proses pembelajaran yang berkesan halus untuk menerima pesan keislaman.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mujabuddawat, Muhammad Al, and Godlief Arsthen Peseletehaha. "A Latest Discovery of Austronesian Rock Art in the North Peninsula of Buano Island, Maluku." Kapata Arkeologi 16, no. 1 (June 16, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v16i1.13-26.

Full text

Abstract:

Gambar cadas merupakan salah satu tradisi yang tertua dan paling banyak tersebar di penjuru dunia. Gambar cadas menjadi bagian dari data penting dalam mempelajari masa lalu, karena gambar cadas kemungkinan mengandung makna pada pemikiran simbolik manusia yang membuatnya. Gambar cadas di Indonesia merupakan budaya yang berlangsung berkesinambungan sejak periode awal gelombang migrasi manusia di Kepulauan Indonesia sekitar puluhan ribu tahun hingga kedatangan penutur budaya Austronesia yang membuka periode Neolitik sekitar ribuan tahun lalu. Gambar cadas di Kawasan Kepulauan Maluku Bagian Tengah pada khususnya secara umum dikenali berciri Tradisi Gambar Austronesia atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan APT (Austronesian Painting Tradition). Penelitian ini melaporkan temuan baru gambar cadas di di Situs Tanjung Bintang, Pulau Pua, Pesisir Utara Pulau Buano. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dan analitis dalam mendeskripsikan objek motif gambar cadas berdasarkan kajian literatur terkait referensi-referensi yang merujuk pada kajian gambar cadas di Maluku. Penelitian ini mengenali bahwa gambar cadas di Situs Tanjung Bintang berciri Tradisi Gambar Austronesia. Kajian ini merupakan yang pertama kali melaporkan keberadaan Situs Tanjung Bintang, gambar cadas di Pesisir Utara Pulau Buano, Kepulauan Maluku. Rock art is one of the oldest and most widespread traditions around the world. Rock art is part of essential data in studying the past because rock art has the potential to tell us something of the symbolic concerns of the people that created it. Rock art in Indonesia is a culture that has been ongoing since the early period of the wave of human migration in the Indonesian Archipelago for about tens of thousands of years until the arrival of the Austronesian speaker’s culture who opened the Neolithic period around thousands of years ago. Rock art in the Central Maluku Islands Region in particular, is generally recognized as characterized by the Austronesian Painting Tradition. This research reports new rock art findings at Tanjung Bintang Site, Pua Island, North Coast of Buano Island. This research applies qualitative and analytical methods in describing the object of rock art motifs based on a literature review related to references that refer to the study of rock art in Maluku. This research recognizes that the Tanjung Bintang Site is characterized by the Austronesian Painting Tradition. This study is the first record of the Tanjung Bintang Site rock art in the North Coast of Buano Island, Maluku.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jiao, Xiyun, Tomáš Flouri, Bruce Rannala, and Ziheng Yang. "The Impact of Cross-Species Gene Flow on Species Tree Estimation." Systematic Biology 69, no. 5 (January 24, 2020): 830–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Recent analyses of genomic sequence data suggest cross-species gene flow is common in both plants and animals, posing challenges to species tree estimation. We examine the levels of gene flow needed to mislead species tree estimation with three species and either episodic introgressive hybridization or continuous migration between an outgroup and one ingroup species. Several species tree estimation methods are examined, including the majority-vote method based on the most common gene tree topology (with either the true or reconstructed gene trees used), the UPGMA method based on the average sequence distances (or average coalescent times) between species, and the full-likelihood method based on multilocus sequence data. Our results suggest that the majority-vote method based on gene tree topologies is more robust to gene flow than the UPGMA method based on coalescent times and both are more robust than likelihood assuming a multispecies coalescent (MSC) model with no cross-species gene flow. Comparison of the continuous migration model with the episodic introgression model suggests that a small amount of gene flow per generation can cause drastic changes to the genetic history of the species and mislead species tree methods, especially if the species diverged through radiative speciation events. Estimates of parameters under the MSC with gene flow suggest that African mosquito species in the Anopheles gambiae species complex constitute such an example of extreme impact of gene flow on species phylogeny. [IM; introgression; migration; MSci; multispecies coalescent; species tree.]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Baber, Ibrahima, Moussa Keita, Nafomon Sogoba, Mamadou Konate, M'Bouye Diallo, Seydou Doumbia, Sékou F. Traoré, José M. C. Ribeiro, and Nicholas C. Manoukis. "Population Size and Migration of Anopheles gambiae in the Bancoumana Region of Mali and Their Significance for Efficient Vector Control." PLoS ONE 5, no. 4 (April 21, 2010): e10270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Touray, Ensa. "Socio-Political Transformation of the South Bank of the Gambia: Impact of Ethnic and Clerical Migrations on the South Bank from 1850 to 1889." International Journal of Culture and History (EJournal) 2, no. 1 (2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijch.2016.2.1.038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mishchenko, Andrey Vladimirovich, and Elena Aleksandrovna Artemyeva. "Birds as a food base for mosquitoes – carriers of the causative agent of tropical malaria." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101117.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper discusses the food supply of the vector of malaria mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, which are birds of tropical regions of West Africa. Birds, as distant migrants, penetrate high latitudes and contribute to the spread of malaria in Europe and other countries of the northern hemisphere. The results of the studies show that the main role in the choice of prey objects by female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes birds is played by the nesting and forage biotopes of birds, which are comfortable for mosquito breeding. Probably, female mosquitoes use non-feathered parts of the body of adult birds for feeding unfeathered or weakly feathered chicks in nests. The circulation of Plasmodium falciparum includes populations of birds, primarily water, near-water and marsh complexes, as well as birds, the development of which takes place in specific conditions of a closed space in holes, hollows and closed nests. The Anopheles gambiae mosquito in this system plays the role of a carrier of Plasmodium falciparum not only among populations of birds and mammals, but also among humans, which determines the range of tropical malaria, which is a natural focal vector-borne disease. The authors have identified 37 species of birds carriers of malaria in natural and anthropogenic biocoenoses of Mali (West Africa). The most numerous during the migration and nesting period are birds of the aquatic, near-water and meadow-bog complexes (herons, herons, waders) distant migrants on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries. The risk areas include, first of all, the southern regions Astrakhan Region, Rostov Region and Krasnodar Region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Suzuki, Keiko, Sawako Moriwaki, Shumpei Niida, and Shoji Yamada. "2P245 GGT (gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase) enhances migration of preosteoclasts and thereby stimulates multinuclear osteoclast formation(39. Cell motility,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s357_1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Nasrudin, Nasrudin. "Membaca Dan Menafsirkan Temuan Gambar Prasejarah Di Pulau Misool Raja Ampat, Papua Barat." Berkala Arkeologi SANGKHAKALA 18, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/sba.v18i2.14.

Full text

Abstract:

Traces and evidence of prehistoric civilization in the Indonesian Archipelago have been found, and one of the archaeological types of remains that was the hot topic for researchers nowadays is rock paintings on the walls of karst caves (known as limestone area). We found that karst has the function of conveying historical messages through paintings as a form of communications of Homo sapiens. Based on results of surveys among the karst island of Misool in Raja Ampat islands, we can identify five categories of rock paintings, which are: hands, fauna, anthropomorphic, symbolical (non-figure), circles that resemble wheels/the sun, and square lines. The main and dominant characteristics of Misool rock paintings, particularly in paintings of fish, are their various sizes and rich variations. The prehistoric artworks are very interesting to be investigated more thoroughly to study and understand better the human life in the past. The archaeological survey has yielded new evidence and traces of human life in the past, such as habitation, migration, and modes of living hundreds or maybe even tens of thousand years ago, or during the prehistoric period. This research is the initial step and was carried out using documentation and descriptive methods to be analyzed afterward by various approaches that are being developed nowadays, as well as visual communication through form and non-form analyses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Luthfin, Ahmad, Adi Susilo, and Teguh Suroso. "PEMODELAN BAWAH PERMUKAAN METODE PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION (PSTM) ISOTROPY DAN METODE PSTM ANISOTROPY HIGH ORDER MOVEOUT (HOM)." JURNAL NEUTRINO 8, no. 2. APRIL (May 2, 2016): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/neu.v8i2.3265.

Full text

Abstract:

Struktur bawah permukaan memiliki perlapisan yang sangat komplek, sehingga memungkinkan penjalaran gelombang seismik memiliki kecepatan yang berbeda tergantung arah rambatnya. Hal inilah yang mendasari perlunya proses pengolahan data dengan melibatkan parameter anisotropi (η). Umumnya data seismik memiliki nilai anisotropi dengan presentase tertentu, sehingga tidak semua data harus diproses dengan proses anisotropi. Ketepatan metode migrasi yang digunakan dapat menghasilkan gambar penampang struktur bawah permukaan dengan resolusi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan struktur bawah permukaan dengan menggunakan metode PSTM isotopi (lapisan isotropi) sedangkan untuk lapisan anisotropi dimodelkan dengan metode PSTM anisotropi HOM. Hasil dari metode PSTM isotropi berupa citra, dimana lapisan pertama pada CMP 2073-CMP 2413 hasilnya jelek (beresolusi rendah), tetapi untuk lapisan kedua dan ketiga tampak bagus (beresolusi tinggi). Pada saat diproses dengan PSTM anisotropi, peneliti menggunakan nilai (η) sekitar 0,25 pada lapisan pertama. Berdasarkan hasil PSTM anisotropi pada CMP 2073-CMP 2413 model lapisan pertama menghasilkan citra beresolusi lebih tinggi (lebih bagus), sedangkan model lapisan kedua dan ketiga tidak mengalami kenaikan resolusi yang signifikan. Hal ini karena rasio far offset dan kedalaman lapisan pertama besar menyebabkan lapisan pertama mengalami efek anisotropi, sedangkan lapisan kedua dan ketiga tidak mengalami efek anisotropi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Estévez-Lao, Tania Y., Leah T. Sigle, Scherly N. Gomez, and Julián F. Hillyer. "Nitric oxide produced by periostial hemocytes modulates the bacterial infection-induced reduction of the mosquito heart rate." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 15 (June 19, 2020): jeb225821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.225821.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe circulatory and immune systems of mosquitoes are functionally integrated. An infection induces the migration of hemocytes to the dorsal vessel, and specifically, to the regions surrounding the ostia of the heart. These periostial hemocytes phagocytose pathogens in the areas of the hemocoel that experience the highest hemolymph flow. Here, we investigated whether a bacterial infection affects cardiac rhythmicity in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We discovered that infection with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but not Micrococcus luteus, reduces the mosquito heart rate and alters the proportional directionality of heart contractions. Infection does not alter the expression of genes encoding crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide, corazonin, neuropeptide F or short neuropeptide F, indicating that they do not drive the cardiac phenotype. Infection upregulates the transcription of two superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes, catalase and a glutathione peroxidase, but dramatically induces upregulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in both the heart and hemocytes. Within the heart, nitric oxide synthase is produced by periostial hemocytes, and chemically inhibiting the production of nitric oxide using l-NAME reverses the infection-induced cardiac phenotype. Finally, infection induces the upregulation of two lysozyme genes in the heart and other tissues, and treating mosquitoes with lysozyme reduces the heart rate in a manner reminiscent of the infection phenotype. These data demonstrate an exciting new facet of the integration between the immune and circulatory systems of insects, whereby a hemocyte-produced factor with immune activity, namely nitric oxide, modulates heart physiology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wattimena, Lucas, Marlyn J. Salhuteru, and Godlief A. Peseletehaha. "Rock Art at Kel Lein Site, Kaimear Islands, Maluku." Kapata Arkeologi 16, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v16i1.1-12.

Full text

Abstract:

Situs Kel Lein di Pulau Kaimear, Kepulauan Kei, adalah salah satu situs gambar cadas yang baru ditemukan. Situs ini dilaporkan pada 2018 dan dilanjutkan dengan perekaman data intensif pada tahun berikutnya. Berbagai motif seni cadas yang tersebar di sepanjang teras, dinding, dan atap ceruk gua dibagi menjadi tujuh panel. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan dari survei lapangan pada tahun 2018, ditambah data terbaru yang diperoleh pada tahun 2019. Analisis gambar cadas dibagi menjadi beberapa panel di dalam ceruk, terdiri dari tujuh panel. Penelitian ini mencatat 488 motif, yang dikelompokkan menjadi motif figur manusia atau antropomorfik, perahu, alat batu, cap tangan (negatif), jejak kaki, geometris, lingkaran, garis vertikal dan horizontal, wajah atau topeng manusia, ayam atau hewan, tempayan (tembikar), jaring ikan, matahari, bulan, dan panah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak motif gambar cadas di Situs Kel Lein mengandung berbagai makna. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas manusia yang digambarkan dalam bentuk figuratif. Keragaman motif di Situs Kel Lein menempatkan situs ini pada posisi penting dalam kajian jalur migrasi manusia. Diperkirakan situs ini adalah salah satu lokasi yang cukup ramai disinggahi pada masa lalu. The Kel Lein Site in Kaimear Island, Kei Islands, is a recently discovered rock art site. This site was reported in 2018 and continued with intensive data recording the following year. Various rock art motifs scattered along the terrace, walls, and roof of the niche are divided into seven panels. The approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The data collected from a field survey in 2018, plus the latest data obtained in 2019. The rock art analysis is divided into several panels inside the niche, comprising seven panels. This research recorded 488 motifs, grouped into human or anthropomorphic figure, boats, stone tools, hand stencils (negative), footprints, geometric, circles, vertical and horizontal lines, human faces or masks, chickens, jars (pottery), fishing nets, sun, moon, and arrowheads. This research shows that many rock art motifs on the Kel Lein Site show various purposes. One of which is human activity depicted in a figurative form. The diversity of motifs at the Kel Lein Site places this site in a vital position in studying human migration pathways. It is estimated that this site is one of the most visited posts in the past.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

AYENI, RAPHAEL KOLADE, and EMMANUEL OLUWATOBI SHAIB. "TRENDS IN MIGRATION, UNEMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION: A POST-COVID-19 FORECAST OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE GAMBIA." Global Economy Journal, December 3, 2020, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565920500189.

Full text

Abstract:

As a developing economy, three major economic problems witnessed in the Gambia are the growing unemployment rate, migration (immigration and rural–urban drift) leading to urban population growth and the growing semi-skilled working population in the face of unemployment. This study seeks to answer the question of how the Gambian economy can plan to overcome these problems, coupled with post-COVID-19 global economic shocks, through a technically planned capacity development. In this paper, the trends in variables representing capacity development indicators, migration, unemployment and working population in the Gambia are studied using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. To project a system of interrelationship among these variables in the Gambia, the study employs the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) forecast analysis for the period between 1990 and 2019, thereafter generates a five-year forecast. The findings confirm that investment into the educational sector in developing economies is bound to yield increasing return to scale in the next five years. Investment into education, training and skill acquisition, if done, will attract the transfer of technical and managerial skills and technology for the purpose of building up general national capacity in such a developing economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Roberts, Thomas, François J. Cabral, and Samuel Maxime Coly. "Economic Impact of Public Expenditure in The Gambia." Global Journal of Management and Business Research, May 30, 2020, 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34257/gjmbrbvol20is6pg39.

Full text

Abstract:

The impact of public expenditure on the productive sectors (agriculture, industry, and service) in The Gambia, is analyzed within the framework of a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (DCGE) model. The model is applied and calibrated to assess the impact of a 10% increase in public expenditure on economic growth and welfare over five years. The results indicate an increase in GDP and value-added, mainly as a result of growth in the service sector.Also, an expansion of the service sector leads to the migration of jobs to the rural areas, which will consequently enhance rural labour income. A significant finding is that general public expenditure on agriculture may not get the desired result for poverty reduction, specifically in rural areas. As a result, public agricultural spending should be targeted across various agriculture sub-sectors, such as, irrigation, among others. The Government of The Gambia (GoTG) should also prioritize investment in the service sector, given that it has immense potentials in enhancing the livelihoods of Gambians in rural areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Arai, Ayumi, Erwin Knippenberg, Moritz Meyer, and Apichon Witayangkurn. "The hidden potential of call detail records in The Gambia." Data & Policy 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dap.2021.7.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Aggregated data from mobile network operators (MNOs) can provide snapshots of population mobility patterns in real time, generating valuable insights when other more traditional data sources are unavailable or out-of-date. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of remotely-collected, high-frequency, localized data in inferring the economic impact of shocks to inform decision-making. However, proper protocols must be put in place to ensure end-to-end user-confidentiality and compliance with international best practice. We demonstrate how to build such a data pipeline, channeling data from MNOs through the national regulator to the analytical users, who in turn produce policy-relevant insights. The aggregated indicators analyzed offer a detailed snapshot of the decrease in mobility and increased out-migration from urban to rural areas during the COVID-19 lockdown. Recommendations based on lessons learned from this process can inform engagements with other regulators in creating data pipelines to inform policy-making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Koopmans, Anne B., Mario H. Braakman, David J. Vinkers, Hans W. Hoek, and Peter N. van Harten. "Meta-analysis of probability estimates of worldwide variation of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19." Translational Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (February 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01129-1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractExtensive migration has led to the necessity of knowledge regarding the treatment of migrants with different ethnical backgrounds. This is especially relevant for pharmacological treatment, because of the significant variation between migrant groups in their capacity to metabolize drugs. For psychiatric medications, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes are clinically relevant. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze studies reporting clinically useful information regardingCYP2D6andCYP2C19genotype frequencies, across populations and ethnic groups worldwide. To that end, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (>336,000 subjects, 318 reports). A non-normal metabolizer (non-NM) probability estimate was introduced as the equivalent of the sum-prevalence of predicted poor, intermediate, and ultrarapid metabolizer CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes. The probability of having a CYP2D6 non-NM predicted phenotype was highest in Algeria (61%) and lowest in Gambia (2.7%) while the probability for CYP2C19 was highest in India (80%) and lowest in countries in the Americas, particularly Mexico (32%). The mean total probability estimates of having a non-NM predicted phenotype worldwide were 36.4% and 61.9% for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, respectively. We provide detailed tables and world maps summarizing clinically relevant data regarding the prevalence of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 predicted phenotypes and demonstrating large inter-ethnic differences. Based on the documented probability estimates, pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing is encouraged for every patient who will undergo therapy with a drug(s) that is metabolized by CYP2D6 and/or CYP2C19 pathways and should be considered in case of treatment resistance or serious side effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Carling, Jørgen, and Heidi Østbø Haugen. "Circumstantial migration: how Gambian journeys to China enrich migration theory." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, April 7, 2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2020.1739385.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sanogo, Zana L., Alpha S. Yaro, Adama Dao, Moussa Diallo, Ousman Yossi, Djibril Samaké, Benjamin J. Krajacich, Roy Faiman, and Tovi Lehmann. "The Effects of High-Altitude Windborne Migration on Survival, Oviposition, and Blood-Feeding of the African Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology, July 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa137.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Recent results of high-altitude windborne mosquito migration raised questions about the viability of these mosquitoes despite ample evidence that many insect species, including other dipterans, have been known to migrate regularly over tens or hundreds of kilometers on high-altitude winds and retain their viability. To address these concerns, we subjected wild Anopheles gambiae s.l. Giles mosquitoes to a high-altitude survival assay, followed by oviposition (egg laying) and blood feeding assays. Despite carrying out the survival assay under exceptionally harsh conditions that probably provide the lowest survival potential following high altitude flight, a high proportion of the mosquitoes survived for 6- and even 11-h assay durations at 120- to 250-m altitudes. Minimal differences in egg laying success were noted between mosquitoes exposed to high altitude survival assay and those kept near the ground. Similarly, minimal differences were found in the female’s ability to take an additional bloodmeal after oviposition between these groups. We conclude that similar to other high-altitude migrating insects, mosquitoes are able to withstand extended high-altitude flight and subsequently reproduce and transmit pathogens by blood feeding on new hosts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rodwell, William R., Andrew R. Hoch, and Ben T. Swift. "The Modelling of Gas Migration through Compacted Bentonite Buffers in Radioactive Waste Repositories: the Work of the GAMBIT Club." MRS Proceedings 807 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-807-709.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTUse of compacted bentonite buffers is frequently planned in radioactive waste repositories to isolate waste canisters from the geological environment. When gas is generated from the wastes or their containers, it will need to migrate through the bentonite if pressure rises local to the canisters are to be avoided. Assessment of the effect of gas produced from waste canisters in bentonite buffers requires both experimental data on and models of gas migration through initially water-saturated bentonite. Several different approaches to modelling gas migration through bentonite are described. Some example comparison of model results with experimental data are provided, and some general discussion about the modelling approaches is offered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Schmidt, Hanno, Yoosook Lee, Travis C. Collier, Mark J. Hanemaaijer, Oscar D. Kirstein, Ahmed Ouledi, Mbanga Muleba, et al. "Transcontinental dispersal of Anopheles gambiae occurred from West African origin via serial founder events." Communications Biology 2, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0717-7.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. is distributed across most of sub-Saharan Africa and is of major scientific and public health interest for being an African malaria vector. Here we present population genomic analyses of 111 specimens sampled from west to east Africa, including the first whole genome sequences from oceanic islands, the Comoros. Genetic distances between populations of A. gambiae are discordant with geographic distances but are consistent with a stepwise migration scenario in which the species increases its range from west to east Africa through consecutive founder events over the last ~200,000 years. Geological barriers like the Congo River basin and the East African rift seem to play an important role in shaping this process. Moreover, we find a high degree of genetic isolation of populations on the Comoros, confirming the potential of these islands as candidate sites for potential field trials of genetically engineered mosquitoes for malaria control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Dalzell, S. E., L. M. A. Jarjou, A. Prentice, K. Ward, and G. R. Goldberg. "Bone health in Gambian women: impact and implications of rural-to-urban migration and the nutrition transition." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76, OCE4 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665117002865.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lita Sumiyati, Siti Julaikha,. "Nilai Ekologis Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove." JURNAL BIOLOGI TROPIS 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v17i1.389.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstrak Mangrove mempunyai peranan nilai ekologis yang sangat penting dalam mendukung konservasi laut dan pembangunan wilayah pesisir. Fungsi dan manfaat mangrove telah banyak diketahui, baik sebagai tempat pemijahan ikan di perairan, pelindung daratan dari abrasi oleh ombak, pelindung daratan dari tiupan angin, penyaring intrusi air laut ke daratan dan kandungan logam berat yang berbahaya bagi kehidupan, tempat singgah migrasi burung, dan sebagai habitat satwa liar serta manfaat langsung lainnya bagi manusia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam panelitian ini yaitu studi kepustakaan, yang merupakan suatu teknik pengumpulan data dengan menghimpun dan menganalisis dokumen-dokumen, baik dokumen tertulis, gambar ataupun elektronik, dalam hal ini berupa analisis artikel dari berbagai sumber jurnal (Internasional & Nasional) kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. kata kunci: Ekologis, Ekosistem, dan Hutan Mangrove. Abstract Mangrove has a very important ecological value role in supporting marine conservation and coastal area development. The functions and benefits of mangroves have been widely known, both as a spawning ground for fish in waters, land protection from abrasion by waves, land-covering from the wind, intrusion of seawater into land and heavy metal contents harmful to life, bird migration shelter, and as a wildlife habitat as well as other direct benefits to humans. The technique of collecting data in this research is literature study, which is a technique of collecting data by collecting and analyzing documents, either written documents, drawings or electronic, in this case in the form of article analysis from various sources of journals (International & National) then analyzed in descriptive. Keywords: Ecological, Ecosystem, and Mangrove Forest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Gambia migration'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles