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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gambian'
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1
Horton, Angela Mary. "Cultural enquiry : Gambian wisdom." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388596.
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Carter, Tracey Lynn. "The historical role of griots in Gambian politics." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971495761&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Battersby, Anna. "The ontogeny of innate immunity in Gambian infants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61398.
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Background: Neonatal infections are a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality world-wide. Our limited understanding of how the neonatal immune system functions is one of the major roadblocks to the prevention and treatment of these infections. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect common microbial antigens and are critical in the early innate immune response. Mucosal exposure to bacterial antigen may shape the ontogeny of infant immunity. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of healthy Gambian infants assessed at 6 time-points over the first year of life. Microbiological culture techniques were performed to detect bacteria colonising the nasopharynx. Secreted cytokine and antimicrobial protein (AMP) levels were measured in supernatants from in vitro whole blood assays testing responses to PRR agonists. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure PRR agonist induced transcriptional responses in whole blood. Results: 54 eligible infants were recruited at birth and 46 were followed-up until 12- months old. Bacterial colonisation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa occurred early in life. Infant age and bacterial colonisation status were significantly associated with the magnitude of specific PRR agonist induced intracellular immune pathway gene transcription and extracellular innate immune protein secretion. Co-stimulation of infant blood with NLR and TLR agonists induced synergistic effects on innate immune responses. Conclusions: Innate immune responses in Gambian infants are age-dependent and are associated with specific nasopharyngeal bacterial colonisation particularly during the neonatal period.
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Nabwera, Helen Muenje. "Evaluation of growth faltering in rural Gambian children." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4645491/.
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Growth faltering associated with undernutrition in early childhood is endemic in sub- Saharan Africa. Worldwide, over 3 million child deaths annually are attributed to foetal growth restriction, underweight, stunting, wasting, suboptimal breastfeeding and micronutrient deficiencies. Survivors suffer adverse health and socio-economic outcomes. Although rates of stunting have halved worldwide, progress in sub-Saharan Africa has been slow. The prevalence of wasting has not shifted. This work aimed to describe secular trends of growth faltering in early childhood and the hormone correlates of malnourished children during nutritional rehabilitation in rural Gambia. Also, to explore factors associated with severe wasting in infancy. Firstly, secular trends of growth faltering among under 2’s from three rural Gambian villages were described using routinely collected clinic anthropometry data. Over the past four decades, rates of stunting and underweight halved, but significant growth faltering persisted. Secondly, changes in energy regulating hormones during the nutritional rehabilitation of children aged 6-24 months were evaluated. The variations in growth amongst the malnourished children during nutritional rehabilitation were not explained by differences in energy regulating hormones. Baseline C-peptide was the only predictor of future response to nutritional rehabilitation, but would not be a useful clinical marker in isolation. Thirdly, risk factors for severe wasting in infants were explored. Adverse maternal psychosocial circumstances and infant feeding difficulties constrained mothers from practicing the recommended infant feeding practices. The conclusion from these findings is that current nutrition and health interventions are inadequate in mitigating growth faltering in early childhood in rural Gambia, in the face of poor living conditions and adverse maternal psychosocial circumstances. In addition, the missing contributors of variable growth during outpatient nutritional rehabilitation remain unknown. Further research into the development and upscaling of the nutrition-sensitive interventions is required to address growth faltering in childhood in low and middle income settings.
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Aspray, Terence. "Osteoporosis : a study in a rural Gambian community." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247840.
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Hill, Jean M. "Gambian compounds, their role, significance and influence on planning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31586.pdf.
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Roberts-Holmes, Guy. "Towards an understanding of Gambian teachers' lives and careers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10925/.
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This research shows that Gambian teachers have complex reasons for joining and remaining in the teaching profession. It builds upon the literature concerning teachers' professionalism in developing countries by describing and analysing Gambian teachers' professional discourses. This thesis argues that Gambian teachers are active participants who create 'narratives of action' which assert their professionalism. Gambian teachers understand their work as professional through the overlapping moral discourses of nationalism and Islam. These professional discourses sustain and empower Gambian teachers who often work in difficult material conditions. Current literature on teachers' professional lives and careers is predominately North American and European. By providing a 'space' within which Gambian teachers' 'storied narratives' may be heard, this thesis geographically adds to the literature on teachers' professionalism. Gambian teachers' 'genealogies of context' are based upon histories, religions and cultures different to those found within Europe or North America. Thus Gambian teachers' professionalism is situated within specific geographical and cultural discourses. Despite the concept of a Gambian situated professionalism, the thesis discusses those professional discourses which are shared between Gambian teachers and teachers in Europe and North America. This work internationally develops the concept that there are different situated professional cultures of teaching and at the same time shared professional teaching discourses.
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Dale, Anne. "Helicobacter pylori infection and growth in rural Gambian children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366583.
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Camara, B. (Bully). "Effects of globalisation on Gambian education:focus on policy changes." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512082268.
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Globalisation is the process through which the world has become increasingly interconnected and interdependent due to increased trade and cultural exchanges. This has resulted to the integration of economies, markets, cultures and policy making around the world. There has been a lot of research on the pros and cons of globalisation in national economies, immigration and education systems. This research contributes to the discussion of the effects of globalisation on Gambian education.
The aim of the research is to describe the effects of globalisation on Gambian education. It is a qualitative research using qualitative content analysis. The previous and current Gambian education policies were the main sources of data. Globalisation theory was the lens used to look into what could be described as effects of globalisation.
The findings show the presence of global actors in all levels of Gambian education, the sychronisation of educational aims with international initiatives and the push for the inclusion of educational technology in schools. I found these not only as effects of globalisation in Gambian education system but also as the driving forces of the changes in the education system. The findings and conclusions drawn from this research are not as such generalisable to other contexts.
However, the findings will be handy for anyone who wants to understand the effects of globalisation in developing countries like The Gambia. The Gambia’s Ministry of Education may also use it to gauge the perspective of external partners/stakeholders of its education system. Similarly it could be used as a barometer to measure the quality of Gambian education policy in comparison to regional and international standards.
Like any other research, the limitation of this research include issues with definitions, reliability of data sources, not knowing the margin of error and the fact that changes may have occurred since the publication of the data. However, most of the changes that have occurred since the publication of the documents were tracked and reflected in the reviews of the policies, which were also incorporated into the data.
The debate surrounding globalisation and the dynamics of education policies was a challenge but I managed not to deviate from the focus of the research. The fact that I only considered education related documents in Gambian context is inline with qualitative analysis, which explores meanings and interpretations at a deeper level. The findings of this research are therefore reflections of the effects of globalisation on Gambian education.
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Pedersen, Josefine. "The Colonial Era in the Gambian Secondary School History Teaching." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1991.
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The aim of this thesis is to study and analyse how the manifestation of the British colonial era is presented and interpreted in Gambian secondary school history teaching. The sources used in this study are the history syllabus, history textbooks and a few teachers. The research questions are: To what extent is the colonial era projected in the history teaching, if so, why is so much emphasis focused on the colonial times? What attitudes do the people have regarding the colonial era and the British; what is positive and what is negative with the strong focus on the colonial times?
The reason why I have chosen to study the colonial era and its magnitude and impact in the history teaching in the Gambia, is that this is an unexplored subject and I found it interesting to focus on this subject and put it in relation to such a small country as the Gambia. The reasons mentioned above is what it makes it interesting to study how the colonial era is viewed in the history teaching in the Gambia and how teachers handle this subject. How do they handle this period of history in a former colony?
In this study I have used the qualitative method. My empirical material has been collected through history schoolbook analysis, interviews with three teachers and participated classroom observations in the history subject. My theoretical framework includes concepts like learning procedure, learning dilemmas and attitudes about colonialism, which are described and discussed.
The colonial era is frequently emphasised in the history teaching in the Gambia, almost all the history teaching consist of this subject area. Furthermore, the attitude towards this era and the British colonisers varies among interviewed teachers. One conclusion is that it is important to convey both a positive and a negative view about this matter.
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Secka, Ousman. "Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolates in Gambian children and adults." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607616.
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Helicobacter pylori is a globally important and genetically diverse gastric pathogen that infects most people in developing countries. Earlier reports indicated high prevalence of H. pylori colonization, but a low frequency of H. pylori-associated diseases in Africa but recent reviews have shown that gastroduodenal disease is actually common in Africa. Most detailed analyses of H. pylori have used strains from non-African countries, despite the high importance of Africa in the emergence and evolution of humans and their pathogens. There have been far fewer critical studies such as genotypes in association with gastric disease, population genetics and antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility of H. pylori strains from Africa. It is with this background that the genotypes of H. pylori in association with gastroduodenal diseases, antibiotic susceptibility to commonly used drugs and population genetics from ethnic African adults and children in The Gambia were investigated. In this study, it was found that the prevalence of H. pylori is high in dyspeptic patients in The Gambia and that many strains were of the putatively more virulent cagA+, vacAsl and vacAml genotypes. There was a high prevalence of cagA positive strains in patients with overt gastric diseases than those with non-ulcerative dyspepsia; conversely, the co-existence of both cagA+ and cagA- was found to be protective against the development of gastroduodenal disease. Analyses of the sequenced data with the STRUCTURE software indicated that Gambian H. pylori strains were closely related to hspWAfrica than to strains from more distant African regions (hspSAfrica and hpNEAfrica) indicating common ancestral origin. Essentially no traces of European or North African ancestry were found despite Gambia's history of invasion and colonisation by peoples from these regions during the last millennium. Antibiotic susceptibility tests have shown that Gambian strains were found to be highly sensitive to clarithromycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and amoxicillin but found that more than two-thirds of Gambian H. pylori strains were metronidazole resistant. These data indicate caution in use of metronidazole-based therapies in The Gambia. This thesis provides a detailed initial description of a set of H. pylori isolates directly related to a geographically defined West African population. The data presented has answered some relevant questions on H. pylori virulent genes in association with gastro-duodenal diseases and antibiotic susceptibility providing a comprehensive basis for future studies.
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Dibba, Bakary Jamanty. "Calcium requirements for bone growth and development in Gambian children." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300237.
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Jobe, Jankeh. "Reclaiming the Homeland - A Case Study of The Gambian Diaspora." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22224.
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This thesis seeks to analyse the role of the Gambian diaspora activists in Gambian politics particularly during the December 1st, 2016, Presidential election in which the long-time dictator Yahya Jammeh was defeated by the less experienced and known Adama Barrow. Despite an extensive mobilization effort over the past twenty-two years, spanning across continents, the fragile and disorganized Gambian diaspora has been unable to exert influence in Gambian politics due to unfavourable domestic conditions such as the unwillingness of the opposition to unite as well as state repression. However, the formation of coalition 2016 provided the diaspora activists an opportunity to engage effectively in mobilizing against the Jammeh regime through their online media platforms as well as financial contribution. By using a multi-level research design using interviews and document analyses, the thesis explores the mobilization strategies of the Gambian diaspora as means of influencing at both the homeland and international levels.
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Baldeh, Musa. "The Perceptions of Gambian Basic and Secondary School Teachers About Outdoor Education." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166609.
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Outdoor education is believed to be a new teaching approach and method in the education framework which relates to learning through natural places using direct experience. However, the teaching approach that is mostly used in the Gambian schools is based on the traditional approach of teachings as well as many African countries. As a relatively new teaching technique, outdoor education is gaining recognition from many researchers who are developing a keen interest in it. Thus, the aim of the current thesis is to investigate the perceptions of Gambian Basic and Secondary school teachers about outdoor education. in that regard, six (6) Gambian teachers from different teaching subjects, grades, and regions reported their views about outdoor education. A qualitative approach methodology with the use of semi-structured interview was employed to get teachers perceptions. After the data collection, thematic analysis was used for analyzing the collected data from which three (3) themes emerged to report the participants’ opinions. The participants revealed their basic knowledge and perceptions about outdoor education and presented some characteristics and examples of how the practice outdoor education. They emphasized that they view outdoor education as a teaching approach with the use of outdoors. However, according to them, any teaching activity that involves using the outside the four corners of the classroom or the school premises, is considered outdoor education. They noted that outdoor education can take place in the form of excursions, fieldtrips, classes outside the class under a tree or within the school premises. Besides, although the teachers indicated that the main teaching approach, they use is still the traditional teaching and learning approach, they showed willingness to enrich their classes with use of outdoor education. They further revealed that the main places they conduct outdoor education is the school yard, under a tree, a visit to places of interest, excursions to various historical places or museums and the like. The Gambian teachers acknowledged many potentials of outdoor education to the students including stimulation of multi-senses, increased understanding, improved social relation and cooperation, boosting of their health and wellbeing, developing curiosity, and giving students a sense of freedom and happiness. However, participants also revealed several barriers that suppress them from doing outdoor education effectively. Among the barriers mentioned includes, inadequate funding, lack of support from parents and school administrators, lack of pedagogical training, tight schedule, and limited time. Thus, further research is needed to help testifying the results of the current study and give more insight into the field of outdoor education in the Gambia and Africa at large
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Parrett, Lianne. "Big women in a small country : negotiating female career success under the Gambian gender lens." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270780.
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Dumpis, Uga. "Epidemiological and molecular studies on chronic HBV infection in Gambian families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340721.
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Carlisle-Gaye, Sheena. "A political economy of small scale business development in Gambian tourism." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444496.
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Darboe, A. "Natural Killer cell function after vaccination in an African (Gambian) population." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3817561/.
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Emerging evidence suggests that NK cells could be important in the early effector response induced by vaccination, supported by vaccine antigen-specific CD4 IL-2 production and antigen-antibody immune complexes. 'Memory-like' NK cells, with heightened responsiveness can be also generated by pre-activation with cytokines. I found that NK cell differentiation is accelerated in Africans in The Gambia compared to age-matched UK residents and that this is linked to reduced functional NK cell responses to cytokines. This effect may also relate to a high burden of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in this population, with all Gambian study subjects infected by 3 years of age. There is also significant variation in lymphoid and myeloid cell populations with increasing age. Additionally, I found that a deletion of the NKG2C gene, a receptor important for recognition of HCMV infected cells, results in delayed NK cell differentiation. Furthermore, the allele frequency of the NKG2C gene deletion is higher in The Gambia compared to other countries studied to date. The frequency of the deletion allele did not change with age. I went on to investigate the impact of this advanced differentiation phenotype on NK cell responses in two vaccination studies: Gambian subjects of all ages made negligible NK cell CD107a, CD25, and IFN-γ responses to influenza or DTPiP vaccine antigens. No enhancement of these responses was observed after vaccination. However, vaccination resulted in intrinsic changes to NK cells with enhancement of NK cell IFN-γ responsiveness to exogenous cytokines. The main source of IFN-γ was derived from a population of CD56dimNKG2C+CD57- NK cells. These less differentiated cells may retain some capacity to control HCMV infection, and at the same time represent a possible target for generation of 'memory-like' NK cells in vivo in vaccine induced NK cell responses.
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Kronberg, Ida. ""We just want a constitution": Gambian Civil Society in Democratic Consolidation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446796.
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In recent years, Gambia is one of the few countries having experienced development in a more democratic direction. As part of democratic consolidation, the process of reviewing the constitution was started in 2017 with an aim to be participatory and inclusive. This thesis seeks to investigate how the Gambian civil society organization TANGO has tried to impact the constitutional review process, to further contribute to the understanding of civil society in democratic consolidation. This is achieved through an explorative and descriptive case study focusing on TANGO’s practice of advocacy and accountability. The method used is mainly semi-structured informant interviews with persons central to civil society in the constitutional review process together with secondary sources such as legal documents and news articles. The results show that TANGO has exercised advocacy mainly in terms of position papers to the Constitutional Review Commission, whereas accountability has primarily been exercised through press conferences and lobbying. However, statements on their efforts as lacking and too late have been persistent in the study, meaning that even if efforts were done, they could have been improved or have other focal points for leveraged impact in the constitutional review process.
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Jagne, Fatou. "Understanding Gambian Immigrant Perspectives on Home Diet and Integration inColumbus, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597151528565113.
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Schiffer, Anne. "Designers in international development : a reflection on designing Gambian energy futures." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709814.
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In recent years there has been an increase in designers working in international development. Whilst a shift away from consumer oriented design to supporting 'the other 90%’ is morally commendable, it has also been criticised as a new form of colonialism. Specifically focusing on issues of power and representation, this research aims to critique the role of designers in international development to help answer how designers can appropriately engage in this context. Design literature provides many examples to inspire others to participate in international development, however, an honest self-critique, that confronts personal shortcomings and design failures, is largely missing (e.g. Smith, 2007 & 2011; Pilloton, 2009; AfH, 2006). As such, valuable lessons are not shared, leaving designers to learn by trial and error as they engage with potentially vulnerable communities for the first time. The critique of designers working in international development is based on designing energy strategies in the Gambian settlement of Kartong. The research employs an action research framework that combines phases of action described as immersion, mapping and co-design with corresponding phases of reflection. The latter borrows concepts from development literature, including reflexivity and positionality, to reflect on issues of power and representation. The research demonstrates the potential for Western designers to contribute to local development, including sustainable energy systems, if they are willing to engage with communities as experts on tap, not on top. This requires human-centred design to bring synthesis to outward focused action (design) and inward focused reflexion (reflection). In the specific geographical context of The Gambia, the research’s original contributions include anthropological knowledge about Kartong’s energy culture, methods for mapping the local energy metabolism, a reflexive approach to mapping, the addition of positionality by association in factors that influence social status, and the inclusion of expatriates in discussions on development brokerage.
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Uggla, Fredrika. "Looking for a Greener Pasture: Exploring the Narratives of Gambian Clandestine Migrants." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118574.
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Uggla, Fredrika (2015). Looking for a Greener Pasture: Exploring the Narratives of Gambian Clandestine Migrants. Human Geography, advanced level, master thesis for master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits. Supervisors: Karen Haandrikman and Natasha Webster. Language: English. Clandestine migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe is an increasing trend. In The Gambia, which is a relatively calm and stable country, young men dream about life in Europe and risk their lives in The Sahara with Europe as goal. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the expectations about life in Europe, and also, why it is mainly young men who become clandestine migrants. The research questions are: 1) how are narratives about clandestine migration and Europe constructed among young men in The Gambia? 2) What ideas about Europe are produced and reproduced in these narratives? And 3) Why is it, in the Gambian context, mainly young men who become clandestine migrants? Fieldwork and interviews was carried out in The Gambia. The study takes a narrative approach that acknowledges agency as well as structure. This is important because it shows how the narratives builds on discursive practice, and are connected to a broader social context. Thus, this study gives voice to the clandestine and highlights individual experiences. The analysis draws on discourse analysis, in combination with postcolonial and gender theory, and shows how clandestine migration is the result of primarily two discursive practices. First the ideas about Europe and The Gambia, represented as binary oppositions building on colonial stories about place, and second the local, gendered idea of ‘a successful son’.
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Cathcart, Angela Elizabeth. "Monitoring seasonal changes in factors affecting thiamin status in a Gambian village." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267822.
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Collinson, Andrew Cecil. "Early nutritional and environmental influences on immune function in rural Gambian infants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396662.
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Bull, Susan Jane. "Consent to research in a Gambian context : legal, social and ethical issues." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619253.
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Sarr, Baboucarr Sulay. "Exploring Gambian secondary education : policy and practice in two case-study schools." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328356.
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The thesis is focussed on three related areas: i) policy-making perceptions of Gambian secondary schooling, and how their limitations can be improved through an awareness of institutional realities; ii) an examination of key intra-school features of secondary schooling in two case-study schools (a high, and a secondary technical school); iii) an examination of the perceptions a cross-section of typical modern-sector employers have of secondary education, and secondary school leavers; as well as the training and employment orientations that the two forms of secondary education tend to give school-leavers. The problem the research is concerned about is formulated through an illustration of the historical emergence of perceptions of the nature and role of Gambian secondary schooling. This is followed by an examination and analysis of subsequent and current policy perceptions of the function, nature, problems and solutions, associated with the two types of secondary schools. This offers part of the rationale for the research. Issues in the literature of education and development are used to put the Gambian situation in perspective, as well as to situate the thrust and justification of the research.Case-study data from the two schools are used to indicate the limitations of policy makers' perceptions of secondary schooling, and the benefits that can come from an informed dialogue between policy and schools. A comparative analysis of the two schools is used for the purpose of bringing out the less obvious, and perhaps more meaningful and tell-tale educational features about them. These are used to demonstrate the limitations of relying on aggregated assumptions about national school-types, as well as to indicate contextual features that one may use to qualify the application of cross-national educational factors. To the extent that part of the status of the data relating to school-leavers is in terms of outcomes of official policy on secondary education, it is used to exemplify the educational factors employers refer to when employing secondary school leavers. To complement this, there is also an examination of the extent to which type of secondary school attended is related to school-leavers' perceptions of post-secondary school opportunities. The presentation of the thesis is organised according to three clusters of chapters; background, data-based, and analytical. The background chapters consist of contextual historical information, issues in the literature, rationales, and methodological issues. The data-based chapters consist basically of policy issues, and the school case-studies. The analytical chapters consist of syntheses of policy perceptions and institutional features, and comparisons of the case-studies; as well as issues about the post-school context. They also provide the means of indicating theoretical and policy-orientated issues that the research attempts to draw attention to.
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Brown, Loch Thomas. "Collective action among micro and small scale enterprises in the Gambia : exploring the developmental roles of small business associations operating in the Gambian tourism sector." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441033.
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Fowler, Amanda L. L. R. "Genetic analysis of the acquired immune responses to mycobacterial antigens in Gambian twins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368437.
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Lamb, W. H. "A prospective study of psycho-motor development in rural West African (Gambian) infants." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380209.
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Farjas, Bonet Anna. "El procés migratori gambià a comarques: el cas de Banyoles, Olot i Salt." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7969.
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Els assentaments de gambians, tal com succeeix amb la majoria dels assentaments d'immigrats, tendeixen a la concentració en zones determinades. Per aquest motiu, aquesta tesi se centra en les comarques de Girona, perquè és on s'hi troba l'índex més alt d'aquesta població de tot l'Estat espanyol i es posa el focus d'atenció als municipis de la demarcació que acullen més gambians, concretament Banyoles, Olot i Salt. De la mateixa manera, aquesta tesi vol introduir específicament el grup ètnic soninké o sarahule, bàsicament perquè a la demarcació de Girona és l'ètnia majoritària. Abans d'ubicar els assentaments, ens endinsem en el context d'origen dels immigrats gambians, posant èmfasi especial en l'escolarització a Gambia i també en les migracions soninké. Un cop analitzem els assentaments, ens aproximem a les trajectòries migratòries gambianes, així com en les estratègies que s'utilizen per portar a terme el projecte migratori, l'accés als canals d'informació sobre l'existència de diferents destins on hi ha oportunitats de treball, etc. Ens aproximem també a la integració dels immigrats gambians a la demarcació de Girona fent una aproximació de la inserció d'aquest col·lectiu en la societat de destí, abordant diferents vessants de la seva integració laboral, espaial, entre d'altres. Una integració que dependrà tant del resultat de la voluntat individual de cada immigrant, com també dels serveis que possibilitin la integració, així com de l'accés als propis mecanismes d'integració que té la nostra societat (accés al treball, a un habitatge, etc.) Molts dels immigrats gambians instal·lats a les comarques gironines tenen i han tingut fills i filles, podent parlar, per tant, d'una "segona generació" de gambians. Es fa una aproximació als fills i filles d'aquest col·lectiu introduint-nos en la socialització d'aquests nens i nenes, en els valors dels pares i mares en relació amb l'educació dels seus fills i filles, als canvis en l'estructura familiar un cop realitzat l'assentament en el país de destí i en les relacions de la familia amb amics i parents del mateix grup ètnic. Es fa una anàlisi de la situació escolar dels tres municipis d'estudi, analitzant la distribució d'alumnat d'origen estranger en aquests municipis, així com les estratègies educatives dels mestres que escolaritzen alumnat d'origen gambià. Es posa èmfasi especial en una estratègia bastant seguida pel col·lectiu gambià, fonamentalment d'ètnia sarahule, que ha estat la d'enviar els fills i filles a Gàmbia per temporades lllargues.
Gambian settlements, like the majority of immigrant settlements tend to be concentrated in certain determined areas. This study is centred on the province of Girona for this very reason, and because it is where the highest number of this group of people are to be found. This focuses special attention on three towns within the Girona province which have large numbers of Gambians, Banyoles, Olot and Salt. At the same time this thesis concerns the Soninke or Sarahole group because it is the largest ethnic group in the province of Girona. After analysing the context of origin of these immigrants (placing special emphasis in the schooling in Gambia), we investigate the migratory strategies of the Gambian immigrants as well as the strategies which they use to undertake their migratory project, such as the social networks which the migrants use, access to information channels about different destinations where there are work opportunities, etc. We also look at the integration of Gambian immigrants in the country of settlement. In short, an approximation is made as to the insertion of this collective into the society of the country of destination, and covering the different aspects of their integration: work, religion and spatial relationships among others. Many of these immigrants have, and have had children, and therefore a "second generation" of Gambians can now be referred to. This thesis focuses special attention on the lives of the children within this collective; investigating their socialisation, the values of their parents in the upbringing of their children, the changes of family structure once settlement has been established in the country of destination, the relationships of the family with friends and parents of the same ethnic group and their schooling in the Girona province. Emphasis is placed on a strategy followed by the Gambian collective, mainly the Sarahole ethnic group, which is that of sending children to Gambia for long periods of time.
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Sallah, Abdoulie. "A tale of two narratives : economic globalisation and the informal sector, the Gambian panorama." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7871.
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This thesis critically evaluates the concept, theory and process of economic globalisation, which extends the widely held belief that capitalist firms now produce the vast majority of goods and services produced in the world (i.e. the commodification thesis), by asserting that this process of commodification is increasingly taking place within an open world economy in which firms operate in a deregulated and seamless global marketplace. In this economic globalisation thesis, therefore, it is a specific type of commodified global economy that is becoming hegemonic and stretching wider and deeper across the globe, namely unregulated or 'free market' capitalism composed of hyper-mobile and homeless capital operating in a borderless world. The intention here is to investigate this belief in economic globalisation by demonstrating the influence and pervasiveness of the informal sector in Gambian society. In doing so, this thesis contests the view that economic globalisation is the only feasible future for those in the 'developing' world particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa (The Gambia), and displays how the future is more open than suggested by its proponents. The empirical findings of this thesis are that- a) the informal sector in the Gambia forms a significant part in the day-to-day livelihood coping strategies of rural and urban households; b) the provisioning of goods and services in Gambian society is largely embedded in the informal sector rather than the commodified global market; c) and that the informal sector in the Gambia is not an opposition to the benefits and opportunities offered by economic globalisation through foreign direct investment and trade and that such benefits and opportunities can be utilised by the informal sector in creating a development pathway for the Gambia.
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Bojang, Kalifa Abubakr. "Chemoprophylaxis with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to prevent morbidity in Gambian children treated for severe anaemia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500046.
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Kea, Pamela Jennifer. "The politics of difference : female farmers and clientelist relations in a changing Gambian community." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369088.
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Jah, Ousman. "Towards a new approach to teaching English language in the Gambian upper secondary school." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306754.
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Campbell, Nee Kallay Agnes Adama. "Gambian women, violence and its intersection with HIV/AIDS : agency through feminist participatory research." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72710/.
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Research has identified a strong correlation between HIV/AIDS and gender-based violence, yet few studies centre the experiential knowledge of HIV sero-positive women and practitioners. This thesis, based on fieldwork conducted in the Gambia, is grounded in data on HIV positive women's experiences of violence and practices of resistance, revealing context specific complexities and challenges. Data collection methods included diaries, focus groups and in-depth individual interviews with a participant group of sixty sero-positive women in six Gambian HIV Support Societies, and twenty field practitioners working in the areas of violence and HIV/AIDS. I argue in this thesis that there are intersecting underlying factors (patriarchy, gerontocracy and structural violence) that contribute to women's experiences of violence and abuse that render them vulnerable to HIV. In addition, that alongside the more visible gendered violences which intersect with HIV/AIDS. Accounts of women living with HIV revealed that stigma is discreditable and discredited attributes. It contends that stigma should be seen as an ‘everyday' practice of normalised violence, which has very harmful emotional, psychological, economic and physical effects. The research also suggests that violence against women in the context of HIV is not limited solely to male perpetrators. In the Gambia there has been limited success in the translation of women's rights agendas into concrete and effective interventions, partly due to a lack of attention to socio-cultural context and the lived experiences of HIV positive women. The thesis concludes that culturally specific, integrated health and social justice approaches are necessary, which are grounded in women's everyday practices of agency and resistance, and which in particular address the fear of dethronement (loss of power, privileges and prestige) amongst men and older members of society.
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jaiteh, Mariama. "Seeking Friends With Benefits In A Tourism-Based Sexual Economy: Interrogating The Gambian Sexscape." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3681.
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This dissertation engages with the driving motivations behind the actions of all those involved in The Gambia’s tourism-based sexual economy: the Gambian and other West African male and female sex workers, the Global North (habitually European) male and female tourists, the Gambian and expatriate Lebanese bar and restaurant owners, the Gambian state, and the semesters (members of the Gambian diaspora on vacation in The Gambia). It presents thick ethnographic accounts of interactions with Gambians and tourists, as they form temporary couples or friendships for the duration of tourists’ vacations, and sometimes for longer. This ethnography-rich dissertation pays careful attention to Gambian voices, which have been somewhat marginalized in the limited literature on sex tourism in The Gambia. It theorizes the existence of a Gambian sexscape, within which socio-sexual scripts are performed. The socio-sexual scripts that make the Gambian tourism-based sexual economy are re-located within Gambian society’s larger sexscape, which allows for a better consideration of the wider socio-economic, cultural, and political processes that have led to the formation of contemporary Gambian society.
The dissertation briefly outlines The Gambia’s political and economic history, which explains the ongoing economic dependency and the importance of emigration for contemporary Gambian youth who want to escape the abject poverty in which too many live. It proposes a descriptive analysis of the Gambian sexscape and its socio-sexual scripts. Greater precision is given to the socio-sexual scripts that make the tourism-based sexual economy: chanters and white Global North female tourists; Gambian female sex workers and white Global North male tourists; Gambian men who have sex with Gambian men/semesters, and/or with white Global North male tourists.
Finally, I adopt a socio-ecological approach to sexual health and examine the tourism-based sexual economy’ s impact on the country’s sexual health.
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Touray, Isatou. "Gender and environment, land an livelihoods : policy perspectives and local dynamics in a Gambian community." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400010.
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Brown, Naomi Joy. "Tourism and tourist contact in Bakau : aspects of socio-cultural change in a Gambian town." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3933.
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[From the introduction]:The purpose of this dissertation is to study the development of tourism in the town of Bakau, in The Gambia, to place its development within the general context of socio-cultural changes in the town, and to study and assess interaction between tourists and residents in Bakau. As my fieldwork for this dissertation developed, the main focus of my research narrowed to a study of the youths in Bakau and their interactions and relations inward to their elders in town and outwards to the tourists with whom many youths have regular contact. A large number of youths in Bakau become beachboys or so-called "bomsas" and in this dissertation I focus on the activities of the "bomsas" who assume the role of culture brokers, acting as mediators and innovators in town. I also focus on the level and the types of interaction between the tourists who visit Bakau and the "bomsas" and other residents in Bakau. Finally I consider how the residents in Bakau view tourism and tourists in their town.
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Ghattas, Hala. "Perinatal nutrition and adult immunity : a study of T-cell kinetics in young Gambian men." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415971.
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Jepson, Annette Patricia. "Genetic regulation of the clinical and immune responses to plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gambian twins." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536846.
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Eccles, M. "A prospective study of the effects of frequent infection on the energy metabolism of Gambian infants." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380747.
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Carlberg, Lovisa, and Emelie Entoft. ""...boys should always be prioritized before girls..." : A Minor Field Study of gender awareness in Gambian schools." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-369410.
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The aim of this study is to investigate in what ways a gender perspective is present in Gambian public schools. In particular we are interested in if, and if so how, teachers in the Gambian school express gender awareness. To collect data, ten semi-structured interviews and ten observations are conducted with teachers from two rural regions in the Gambia. The collected data is analysed using Hirdmans gender system theory with the main focus on four central concepts from the theory, where this study’s analysis has its foundation. Studies of previous research show that boys get more attention than girls in the classroom and that a separation between the sexes occur in different ways. The results in this study show that the teachers are aware of the term gender equality based on the interviews, thus, some utterances show that different expectations and norms occur in the Gambian society depending on the sex. The boys receive most attention from the teachers in practise, regardless if it is positive or negative.
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Pattison, Helen E. "Becoming' a 'host' in postcolonial global tourism industry : an engagement with the voices of the Gambian 'hosts'." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618304.
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The tourism industry has been dubbed the vanguard of globalisation; tourism involves flows of people, capital, policy, information, images, technology and organisations connecting disparate cultures and societies in a converging and 'shrinking' world (Dirlik, 1994). To research tourism places involves exploring the complex interaction between the global, national and local. The field of tourism is a potentially rich site from which to examine the fluidity of identity of 'subaltern' people and place, and the multiple and competing discursive and non-discursive practices involved. within an interconnected and interacting world (King 2008). However, tourism studies have been critiqued for falling to conceptualise in any great depth the complexity of the contemporary tourism experience (Pritchard and Morgan 2001). Any meaningful engagement with the voices and experiences of the 'hosts' within the context of interconnecting global-national-local spaces, is largely absent This has resulted in a simplistic definition of a 'host', and a host-guest paradigm that often reinforces stereotypes of 'us' and 'them', West and the Rest (Phillimore and Goodson 2004a). Developing a postcolonial global framework of Foucauldian relational power has enabled me to focus on the experiences of the 'host' within two tourism places in The Gambia; Kotu/Senegambia and Tumani Tenda. Providing 'hosts' with cameras and audio-diaries has enabled the (re)presentation of 'self behind the 'other' depicted in Western tourism promotional literature. These methods, along with more conventional qualitative methods, have also enabled the analysis of the voices, images, actions and silences (literal and metaphorical) of the 'hosts'. Binaries and boundaries are revealed to be discontinuous in nature. The 'host' 'becomes' through actively engaging in complex, fluid , shifting networks of power that continuously reconfigure identity. The 'host's' paradoxical gaze upon the West, and upon other Gambian 'hosts', is manifested in host-tourist encounters that are dynamic, ambivalent and complex, creating a confused heterogeneous place. The term 'host' is re-inscribed with meaning and the orthodox host-guest paradigm is reconceptualised.
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Dalzell, Sarah. "Bone health in Gambian women : impact and implications of rural-to-urban migration and the nutrition transition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283609.
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Urbanisation and the associated nutrition transition have been linked with the recent rise in osteoporotic fragility fracture incidence in many countries. Predictions indicate that hip fracture incidence will increase 6-fold in Africa and Asia by 2050, partially attributed to demographic transition and population ageing. Differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) between rural and urban locations indicate that urban regions of high-income countries (HIC) have lower aBMD and a higher incidence of hip fracture. The few studies conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) provide inconsistent results; in contrast to HIC, most have found higher aBMD in urban populations. To investigate the impact of migrating to an urban environment, detailed studies of bone phenotype and factors affecting bone health have been conducted in two groups of pre-menopausal Gambian women: urban migrant (n=58) and rural (n=81). Both groups spent their formative years in the same rural setting of Kiang West, urban women were known to have migrated to coastal districts, concentrated in Brikama and Kanifing, when aged ≥16 years. Bone phenotype (bone mineral content (BMC); bone area (BA); aBMD, and size-adjusted BMC (adjusted for height, weight and BA) of the whole-body, lumbar spine and hip) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with further characterisation by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Data were also collected on anthropometry, body composition, food and nutrient intakes, physical activity, socio-demographic characteristics, vitamin D status, and 24hr urinary mineral outputs (Na, K, P, and Ca). Mean age and height of rural and urban migrant groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Urban migrant women were significantly heavier (p < 0.01). Significant differences in BMC and aBMD were found between groups at all skeletal sites, with urban women having higher BMC and aBMD; BA was not significantly different. The greatest difference in BMC was found at the lumbar spine (8.5% ± SE 3.0, p < 0.01), a meaningful difference, equivalent to 0.76 of rural SD. T- Scores were also calculated using a young adult (white, female) reference population, mean T- scores were -1.03 and -0.22, for rural and urban groups respectively. After adjusting for size, differences in whole-body and hip BMC were mostly attenuated (p > 0.05), but difference in spine BMC remained significant (6.2% ± SE 2.1, p < 0.01). These results indicate that rural-to-urban migration is associated with higher BMC; BA and height were similar, and difference in body weight could not fully account for higher BMC at the lumbar spine. Calcium intakes were low in both groups, urban migrant 294mg/d (IQR: 235 to 385) and rural 305mg/d (IQR: 222 to 420). Urban women had significantly lower intakes of potassium, magnesium and dietary fibre (p < 0.01), related to lower consumption of fruit, green leafy vegetables and groundnuts. 25-hydroxy vitamin D status was good in both groups, urban migrant 64.0 ± 14.2nmol/L and rural 68.3 ± 15.7nmol/L (M ± SD, p > 0.05). Implications for bone health of the nutrition and demographic transition, principally future fracture risk and other non-communicable diseases require further research in LMICs. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE To my knowledge, this is the first study investigating the impact of rural-to-urban migration on bone health to be conducted in sub Saharan Africa. It is the first study of bone health and determinants of bone health in an urban population in The Gambia.
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Beyai, Pa lamin. "The cost-effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in Gambian multigravidae, including examination of indirect costs." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682384/.
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The aim of this thesis is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to prevent Low Birth Weight (LBW) and anaemia due to malaria in pregnancy in Gambian multigravidae, including an examination of indirect costs. The study was piggy-backed on a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) of the effectiveness of IPTp conducted in the rural area of the country from July 2002 to February 2004. The specific objectives are to: 1. Examine the cost-effectiveness of introducing SP as IPTp for malaria into normal antenatal care for multigravidae women in rural Gambia; ii. Explore various methods of valuing indirect costs and assess the extent to which they affect the cost-effectiveness ratio; and iii. Make policy recommendations as to whether to introduce SP as IPTp on. cost-effectiveness grounds. The rationale for the study is that both national and international policy makers need precise information to determine which intervention strategies are best for prevention and control of malaria in pregnancy, and which strategies represent good investment. They also need to know how the cost-effectiveness of such interventions compared to other public health interventions. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a recognised tool for advising policy makers on the value of an intervention. However, in practice, there are few CEA studies of malaria in general and. malaria in pregnancy in particular in developing countries. Previous CEA studies of IPTp in developing countries have been limited to primigravidae and secundagravidae. Moreover, most of them were conducted from the perspective of the provider without incorporating indirect or productivity costs. This could partly be due to lack of consensus on the issue of whether or not to include indirect costs. The data required for the study was collected through several methods. For IPTp intervention costs to the health-care provider, antenatal clinic users and their families, a sample of 884 multigraviade were randomly selected from the main IPTp effectiveness trial sample of 2,688 recruited multigravidae. In addition, several sub-studies such as health facility studies for the IPTp intervention, a hospital study for treatment of LBW and anaemia, a time-use study and collection of secondary data were used to estimate costs. Time-use and employment surveys were used to measure the time and alternative values for unpaid work. The costs data were combined with the effectiveness data from the trial to estimate incremental costs and consequences for Base case I (trial sample) and Base case II (non-users of bednets in trial sample). The study results showed that the net costs of IPTp with SP for multigravidae with and without indirect costs were D1,221,771 and D1,887,607 respectively for Base case I. The inclusion of indirect costs led to a 68% increase in net costs in Base case I. The corresponding figures for Base case II were D315,933 and D453,620. The indirect costs in Base case II constituted a 44% increase in net costs. In terms of effectiveness, the DALY s averted in Base cases I and II were -125.8 and -0.13 respectively so the intervention created resource losses. Sensitivity analysis conducted by varying key costs and effectiveness parameters showed the introduction of a haemo lobin test led to over 400% increase in net costs for both cases and reduction in number of doses led to around a 40% reduction in net costs. Except for the use of the opportunity cost method of valuing indirect costs in Base case I that led to a 12% decrease in net costs, the use of all other human capital wage rates led to a less than 10% change in net costs for both base cases. Sensitivity analysis of giving IPTp to all pregnant women (primigravidae, secundigravidae and multigravidae) found that IPTp dominated the control for the two base cases. The domination remained regardless of whether indirect costs were included or not. However, the magnitude depended on the wage rate used in estimating indirect costs. The inclusion of indirect costs led to resource savings in the range of 9%-20% for Base case I and 10%-23% for Base case II. The general conclusion is that giving IPTp with SP to multigravidae alone is not cost-effective. However, some improvements in health outcomes were observed for those women who do not sleep under bednets. If IPTp were to be given to all pregnant women without regard to gravidae, IPTp was dominant with and without indirect costs. The resource savings varied according to the wage rate used. Howeve there may be a policy dilemma associated with giving IPTp to all women knowing that the trial showed it confer no benefits, and even might carry some risks.
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Rudolfsson, Sofia. "We have a vision : A vizualisation of the visions and pedagogic work in a Gambian pre-school." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65599.
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The aim of this study is to visualize the pre-school pedagogy in The Gambia and to discuss the Gambian pre-schools ideal view on pedagogy compared to the Swedish tradition. Through an ethnographically inspired study conducted at a Gambian preschool called SBEC bilingual international school, where I used Interviews and observations as a method to gather my empirical data, I sought answers to my overall questions which was: Which are the pre-schools main visions and values? What is the Gambian society´s view on pre-school education? And what is emphasized in the classroom work? In my results I found that the vision of the pre-school was designed to give something back to the Gambian society and have an impact on the country´s future. I also found that the schools vison had a large impact on the kind of work that went on in the classrooms. The view on the pre-schools in the society varied a bit depending on which perspective that was used. Those who were active in the world of education had a different view on the importance of pre-school education than for example the government in the country. In my discussion I compare my results in relation to the Swedish pre-school tradition and among other things I found that the two countries traditions regarding pre-schools had a common factor in the focus on nurturing the children but differed quite a bit when it came to their view on the pedagogic activities and how they were implemented.Syftet med den här studien är att visualisera förskolepedagogiken I en gambisk förskola och diskutera den förskolans ideala syn på pedagogik jämfört med med traditionen i svenska förskolor. Genom en etnografiskt inspirerad studie, genomförd på en gambisk förskola som heter SBEC bilingual school, sökte jag svar på mina övergipande frågor genom att använda intervjuer och observationer för att samla in mitt empiriska material. De övergripande frågorna var: Vilka är förskolans huvudsakliga mål och visioner? Vad har det gambiska samhället för syn på förskolleutbildning? Och vad fokuserar arbetet i klassrummet på? I mitt resultat framkom det att förskolans vision var utformad för att kunna ge något tillbaka till det gambiska samhället och kunna påverka landets framtid. Jag fann också att skolans vision hade stor inverkan på vilken sorts arbete som pågick i klassrummen. Samhällets syn på förskolan varierade beroende på vilket perspektiv som användes. De som var aktiva inom utbildningsväsendet hade en annorlunda syn på vikten av förskoleutbildning än till exempel staten i Gambia. I dikussionen jämför jag mitt resultat i relation till den svenska förskolans tradition. Jag fann bland annat att förskolans traditioner i båda länderna hade en gemensam faktor när det gäller uppfostran av barnen men en annorlunda syn på den pedagogiska verksamhet och hur den implementeras.
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Jammeh, Burama L. J. "Curriculum policy making : a study of teachers' and policy-makers' perspectives on The Gambian Basic Education Programme." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2880/.
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This thesis aims at a critical understanding of how the curriculum policy making process is perceived by teachers and policy-makers in The Gambia, a former British colony. The complexity of curriculum policy issues requires this study to draw on multiple theoretical underpinnings in order to gain insight into curriculum policy relating to Basic Education in The Gambia. Therefore, curriculum theories and education policy literature including the issues of globalisation and national policy are engaged to frame the data collection, analysis and findings. Data obtained from semi structured interviews are used to analyse the perceptions. The thesis examines critically the historical and contemporary approaches to curriculum policy making, identifies the key policy players and analyses their significance in the construction of the national curriculum policy. The thesis further investigates experiences and views about the policy in practice and recommends a new approach to the curriculum policy making. Two levels of the curriculum policy making process are found to be influential in The Gambia: the international (global) and the national and local levels. While the global influences are profound on the strategic education policy, the national and local effects are stronger than the global impact on the operational policy (curriculum plans). The thesis argues that policy is not simply received and implemented as given. Although incidences of compliance are noted, curriculum policy guidelines developed by the Ministry of Education are continually interpreted, sometimes misunderstood and/or resisted by the teachers. Gaps between policy and the implementation are found, resulting from the resource constraints and the practitionersâ influences and impacts. A curriculum policy reform is recommended, recognising the centrality of teachers in the curriculum process, promoting the empowerment of the teachers and building their capacity to engage in informed policy mediation and to enable them to put their own policy into practice.
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Howie, Stephen R. C. "The environmental, nutritional and microbiological causes of severe pneumonia in young Gambian children : a case-control study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558356.
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Lind, Elin, and Johanna Aminezghi. "It grows deep and becomes a tradition : How Gambian teachers interpret and deal with the concept of bullying." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38082.
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The aim of this study is to create an increased intercultural understanding by studying how the Gambian teachers interpret and handle situations that from a Swedish perspective could be called bullying. A qualitative method have been used were the materials have been gathered through unstructed observations and interviewes with teachers in the Gambia as well as formalized conversations with other school staff. The data has been collected in different schools in the Gambia during the winter of 2013. Four different theories are used to analyse the result. These are the sociocultural perspective, cultural framework, the postcolonial perspective and the frame factor theory. The result shows that the Gambian teachers have a hard time to describe and define the term bullying. They interpret the concept bullying as corporal punishment and that it is a question about abusive behaviour from an adult towards a child. There is also one teacher that speaks about bullying as something that can occur between pupils as well, but this is a rare opinion. It is obvious that the overloaded classrooms are a big obstacle for the Gambian teachers when it comes to create a positive learning experience were the pupils show mutal respect for each other. There is a risk that teachers are missing a lot of things that are going on behind their backs. There are no written documents on how to work with or prevent bullying. There is one document about corporal punishment and it does only exist in governmental schools.
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Jobarteh, Modou Lamin. "The effect of prenatal nutritional intervention on placental nutrient transporter expression and feto-placental outcome in rural Gambian women." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225784.
Full textAbstract:
Iron and zinc deficiency during pregnancy is common among women in low-income nations. In such settings, prenatal nutritional intervention is encouraged to improve pregnancy outcome. The impact of the intervention on transporter proteins involved in fetal nutrient supply is unexplored. This study investigated gene expression of some transporter proteins involved in fetal nutrient supply in the placenta. In a trial in rural Gambia, pregnant women at <20weeks of gestation were randomised to 4 nutritional intervention arms: i) Iron and folic acid (FeFol), representing the usual care ii) Multiple micronutrients (MMN) iii) Protein energy (PE) iv) MMN and PE (PE+MMN). All the intervention arms contained 60mg iron and 400μg of folic acid. FeFol and MMN interventions were given in tablet format, whereas PE and PE+MMN were in food format (lipid-based nutrient supplement- LNS). Maternal blood samples collected at booking, 20 and 30 weeks of gestation were assessed for iron levels, and zinc levels measured only the later samples. Gene expression of proteins involved in fetal iron, zinc, amino acid and glucose transport were measured on placental samples collected at birth. LNS (PE and PE+MMN) intervention was associated with low maternal iron status in late pregnancy and increased placental mRNA expression of the primary iron-uptake protein, transferrin receptor 1(TfR1). Intervention arms with no supplementary zinc (FeFol and PE) had lower maternal plasma zinc levels and increased placental mRNA expression of intracellular zinc-uptake proteins, ZIP1, ZIP4 and ZIP8. Different nutritional intervention strategies are associated with changes in maternal iron and zinc status during pregnancy and corresponding changes in the gene expression of placental iron and zinc uptake proteins. This might suggest differential fetal intrauterine response to the interventions. Understanding the role of the placenta in the delivery of nutrients to the fetus is important when considering intervention strategies.