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Journal articles on the topic 'Gambino'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Margaretha, Mona Audryn, and Yasmine Anabel Panjaitan. "Black America: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Childish Gambino’s “This is America”." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.10.2.2020.190-205.

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A song can manifest itself as a critical instrument in the vast socio-political atmosphere. Often times a song conceals its real meaning within layers of linguistic elements and through visual communication. Upon the release of Childish Gambino’s This is America (2018), the music video has been assumed widely assumed to contain semiotic elements that criticize the injustice politics of race in America. To dig deeper into this assertion, we use Machin’s Lyrics Analysis (2010) and Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar approach (2006) to analyze the illustrated semiotic elements. Both frameworks are two Multimodal Discourse Analysis approaches that explore interdisciplinary analysis in the discourse-oriented research. This article finds that Gambino does question the practice of black discrimination through gun and police violence in present America by utilizing distant words and excessive gestures in his visual communication as a diversion. They are purposefully placed to gain a profound observation from the audience, and thus able to spark a conversation regarding the issue in a greater scale. Furthermore, it is found that This is America applies comical aspects in the visual elements as a layering device. Through humorous semiotic elements, Gambino is discovered to highlight the commodification of black art in his music video.

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Chunnu, Winsome. "Under the Eagles Wings: America, God Shed a Tear on Thee." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, no. 5 (November 25, 2019): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708619885401.

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Bob Marley says one good thing about music—when it hits you, you feel no pain. So hit me with music. On the transition of Aretha Franklin, and the vitriolic trolling of her funeral and Childish Gambino 2019 Grammy award winning song and record of the year for “ This is America,” this piece is using music as a conceptual frame for understanding the pain of Black people in the United States. Recently, musicians Beyoncé, Childish Gambino, Kendrick Lamar, Pink, and many others have used their music to contest inequality in America. I grew up in Jamaica on Motown, Country, and Reggae music. This is what Aretha and many other musicians have meant to me.

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3

Gambino, Dinorah. "Editorial [Hot Topic: Advances and Current Perspectives in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry (Guest Editor: D. Gambino D. Gambino)]." Current Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 31 (November 1, 2010): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986710793213814.

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4

Elliott, Vance W. "Surgeon of the Month: Vincenzo Gambino, MD." International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 18, no. 3 (May 2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/18.3.0107.

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5

Sampath, Sanjay, and Herbert Herman. "In Memoriam: Richard J. Gambino (1935-2014)." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 2 (February 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2384398.

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6

Rieger, Dietmar. "Francesca Gambino (ed.),Canzoni anonime di trovatori e «trobairitz»." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) 121, no. 4 (December 2005): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrph.2005.749.

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7

Gendimenico Kaufmann, Frances. "Unlocking my Italian-American History. Reading Pietro Di Donato and Richard Gambino." Diasporas, no. 19 (December 31, 2011): 10–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/diasporas.1869.

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8

Saraswathy, Ida Ayu Tantri, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, and I. Made Rajeg. "Verbal Sign in Music Video of This Is America by Childish Gambino." Humanis 26, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2022.v26.i03.p11.

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This study is aimed to identify the verbal sign used in the music video “This is America” by Childish Gambino. This study used a qualitative library research approach. Based on that approach, the data were described according to the theories applied in this study. The data collected by note taking and documentation methods. The first theory applied in this study was the verbal sign proposed by Dyer. It was used to analyze the verbal sign in the music video. The second theory applied was the theory of meaning proposed by Leech to analyze the meaning used in the music video. The results showed that the meaning of the lyrics refers to the African American society’s problem of racism, police brutality, violence and gun possession. The lyrics contained the connotative and conceptual meaning.

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9

Meliga, Walter. "Alvaro Barbieri – Alessandra Favero – Francesca Gambino, L’eclissi dell’artefice. Sondaggi sull’anonimato nei canzonieri medievali romanzi." Studi Francesi, no. 142 (XLVIII | I) (July 1, 2004): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.40312.

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10

Supratman, Lucy Pujasari, and Aep Wahyudin. "The Representation of Racism on ‘This Is America’ Music Video." MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v35i2.5066.

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‘This is America’ music video which released in May 2018 has been ranked at the best songs of 2018 and marked to be the most viral music video where gun shooting scenes and other controversial scenes are clearly portrayed. It has become a hot issue to be discussed in a number of mass media in America and has reached a million viewers on YouTube. Childish Gambino as the singer and songwriter put some metaphors sequences about criticism on races and the discrimination experienced by black American people. Roland Barthes semiotic approach is used to analyze visual scenes messages along with the myths. The video has portrayed strong scenes about Black people as a minority. There were 7 scenes that had been analyzed. All scenes represented racism, riots, hedonism, and social injustice to black people.

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11

Oliveira, Luiza Monteiro de Barros, and Lucia Teixeira. "Ressignificar o espaço – estratégias discursivas na cultura afro-americana contemporânea." Revista do GEL 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21165/gel.v16i3.2752.

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Ainda pouco estudada, a aspectualização do espaço é um elemento de análise previsto dentro da teoria semiótica francesa que pode ser de grande valia ao analista que busca compreender a construção de sentido em textos audiovisuais. O presente artigo busca fazer avançar a pesquisa sobre como a aspectualização espacial opera, por meio da análise de duas obras audiovisuais contemporâneas que compartilham semelhança temática: os videoclipes de Apes**t, de The Carters (como assinam a cantora Beyoncé e o rapper Jay-Z em um projeto musical feito em dupla) e This is America, de Childish Gambino (rapper e ator também conhecido como Donald Glover). Apesar de ambos serem produzidos por artistas norte-americanos que tratam da questão racial em seus discursos, os dois textos audiovisuais empregam estratégias distintas em sua enunciação, que o presente artigo busca detalhar e compreender.

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Schartel Dunn, Stephanie, and Gwendelyn Nisbett. "If Childish Gambino Cares, I Care: Celebrity Endorsements and Psychological Reactance to Social Marketing Messages." Social Marketing Quarterly 26, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500420917180.

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Background: Increasingly, celebrities are used as spokespeople for nearly all types of marketing. Endorsements can build positive celebrity-brand associations, resulting in favorable brand, product, or issue knowledge. Focus of the Article: This project examines the impact of celebrity influence in social marketing campaigns. Source and receiver characteristics are used to explore how people react to such persuasive messages from celebrities and how those reactions influence behavior. Research Question: Do race (RQ1) and gender (RQ2) of celebrity influence perceptions of (a) credibility, (b) similarity, and (c) heuristic evaluation? How do these factors influence message evaluation (RQ3)? Perceptions of (a) source credibility and (b) similarity as well as (c) heuristic evaluations will increase positive message evaluations (H1). Such positive message evaluations will increase behavioral intentions (H4). Level of (a) perceived source credibility, (b) perceived similarity, and (c) heuristic evaluation of a message is negatively related to message reactance (H2). The level of psychological reactance to a message source is negatively related to behavioral intent related to the message topic (H3). Importance to the Social Marketing Field: The objective of this study is to better understand how characteristics of celebrities, perceptions of the celebrities, and psychological barriers impact intended behavior change attributed to a social marketing message. Because social marketing seeks behavior change as part of an exchange with the targeted audiences, this study contributes a basic understanding of how attributes of the speaker impact social marketing effectiveness. Methods: An experiment was conducted ( N = 798) comparing how persuasive messages from celebrities of different genders and races are perceived. Results: Results indicate that there are significant differences in how persuasive messages from female celebrities are received as compared to messages from male celebrities. Further, race was shown to play a role in feelings of psychological reactance in response to the persuasive messages. Recommendations for Research of Practice: Results suggests marketers should seek out celebrity spokespeople who have the ability to be well-liked by members of the targeted market. The desire to identify with the message source can be a significant enough benefit to inspire behavior change. Having a spokesperson the audience wants to align themselves with is positively correlated with behavioral intentions.

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13

Hooper, Lisa M. "Language Brokering and Mental Health Outcomes." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.40.4.01.

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I am pleased to introduce this special issue of the Journal of Mental Health Counseling dedicated to language brokering and mental health. The United States Census Bureau reported that in 2012, 85% of foreign-born individuals reported speaking exclusively a language other than English at home, and only 35% reported speaking English “very well” (Gambino, Acosta, & Grieco, 2014). With immigration rates continuing to rise in the United States and in other countries, a special issue focused on language brokering is timely. Although there is a body of literature linking language brokering and educational outcomes, there is an urgent need to advance an understanding of the extent to which language brokering is related to mental health outcomes, culturally tailored clinical practices that may be used with individuals who serve as language brokers, and the ever-increasing need for human helpers to serve as language brokers. This special issue was composed to address these important research and practice topics.

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Piecychna, Beata. "Towards Translational (Neuro)Hermeneutics of Landscape: Theoretical and Methodologial Considerations on Translational Analysis." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 68, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2023-0009.

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Abstract There is a growing sense among translational hermeneuticists that their assumptions pertaining to the act of translation as seen from the hermeneutical perspective should align them more with a cognitive field. Taking the above view into account, the aim of this paper is to introduce the idea of translational (neuro)hermeneutics into the field of translation studies. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the concept of (neuro)hermeneutics as based on Gambino and Pulvirenti (2019) approach to literary studies, which is then followed by the theoretical and methodological issues associated with philosophy of landscape taken from the perspective of new cultural geography and of embodiment. The second part of this paper presents the theoretical and methodological considerations as regards translations of landscape descriptions and their analysis, with emphasis on the concept of the (neuro)hermeneutic circle. The paper concludes with suggestions as to further advancement within the field of translational (neuro)hermeneutics.

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15

Paré, François. "D’Amico, Silvia et Susanna Gambino Longo, éds. Le savoir italien sous les presses lyonnaises à la Renaissance." Renaissance and Reformation 43, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v43i1.34113.

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16

Busca, Maurizio. "Le savoir italien sous les presses lyonnaises à la Renaissance, études réunies par Silvia D’Amico et Susanna Gambino Longo." Studi Francesi, no. 185 (LXII | II) (August 1, 2018): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.13485.

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Meliga, Walter. "“Salutz d’amor”. Edizione critica del corpus occitanico, a cura di Francesca Gambino, Introduzione e nota ai testi di Speranza Cerullo." Studi Francesi, no. 165 (LV | III) (December 1, 2011): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.4905.

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18

Meacham, C. E. "The Church and Politics in the Chilean Countryside. By Hannah W. Stewart-Gambino. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1992. 200 pp. $49.95." Journal of Church and State 35, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/35.2.427.

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19

Adelakun. "Black Lives Matter! Nigerian Lives Matter!: Language and Why Black Performance Matters." Genealogy 3, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020019.

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This essay explores performance as a language by looking at its appropriation by other cultures, and the associated history of the crafted phrases that are borrowed along. I start by noting that to create awareness of the massacres that have recently occurred in some parts of Nigeria, commentators, both in and out of the country, and activist-cum-protesters created the term “Nigerian Lives Matter.” They appropriated from “Black Lives Matter,” the American-originated advocacy movement that campaigns against violence and brutality against black people. I show that these forms of lexical interchange are possible because of non-Americans’ familiarity with America’s racial history, and black performance liberation expressivity, which they have been acculturated into as a result of their long exposure to American culture. Beyond phrases however, I argue that black performance itself is a language that has a global resonance among minorities. To illustrate this further, I do a close reading of This is Nigeria, a recent music video released by Nigerian lawyer turned artist, Folarin Falana (Falz), alongside a version of the original production, This is America, also recently released by Donald Glover (Childish Gambino). Both songs continue in the older tradition of African and African American transatlantic political relations through music, the shared understanding of the similarities of anti-black oppression, and the formation of aesthetics that mediate the advocacy of black liberation. The songs are also a pointer to how black advocacy might continue to unfold in contemporary era.

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Wahyuni, Sry, Syukri Syukri, and Syukri Arief. "Green synthesis of Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposite Assisted by Gambier Leaf (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Extract." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, no. 6 (October 22, 2019): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.6.250-255.

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Studies of green synthesis of nanoparticles mediated by plants extract is extensively explored and studied in recent time due to eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and use a minimum amount of toxic chemicals in the process of inorganic material synthesis. In this study, the immobilization of silver nanoparticles on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was carried out using Uncaria gambier Roxb. leaf extract as a silver ion (Ag+) reducing agent. The synthesized Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, which showed a silver surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 426 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that Ag can inhibit the transition of the anatase into rutile phase. The presence of Ag particles in TiO2 can increase the absorption ability from an initial wavelength of 407 nm to 438 nm. Based on the results of Rhodamin B degradation, it can be seen that Ag/TiO2 has a higher photocatalytic activity than bare TiO2 with 99% percent degradation at 120 minutes of irradiation time.

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Keyser, Jeroen De. "Susanna Gambino Longo., ed. Hérodote à la Renaissance: Études réunies. Latinitates 7. Turnhout: Brepols, 2012. 272 pp. €85. ISBN: 978–2–503–54121–1." Renaissance Quarterly 66, no. 4 (2013): 1363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675106.

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22

Rinehart, Leanna, Wendy E. Stewart, Natalie Luffman, Matthew Wawersik, and Oliver Kerscher. "Chigno/CG11180 and SUMO are Chinmo-interacting proteins with a role in Drosophila testes somatic support cells." PeerJ 12 (March 14, 2024): e16971. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16971.

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Stem cells are critical for replenishment of cells lost to death, damage or differentiation. Drosophila testes are a key model system for elucidating mechanisms regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation. An intriguing gene identified through such studies is the transcription factor, chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo). Chinmo is a downstream effector of the Jak-STAT signaling pathway that acts in testis somatic stem cells to ensure maintenance of male stem cell fate and sexual identity. Defects in these processes can lead to infertility and the formation of germ cell tumors. While Chinmo’s effect on testis stem cell behavior has been investigated in detail, there is still much to be learned about its structure, function, and interactions with other proteins. Using a two-hybrid screen, we find that Chinmo interacts with itself, the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO, the novel protein CG11180, and four other proteins (CG4318, Ova (ovaries absent), Taf3 (TBP-associated factor 3), and CG18269). Since both Chinmo and CG11180 contain sumoylation sites and SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs), we analyzed their interaction in more detail. Using site-directed mutagenesis of a unique SIM in CG11180, we demonstrate that Chinmo’s interaction with CG11180 is SUMO-dependent. Furthermore, to assess the functional relevance of both SUMO and CG11180, we performed RNAi-mediated knockdown of both proteins in somatic cells of the Drosophila testis. Using this approach, we find that CG11180 and SUMO are required in somatic cells of adult testes, and that reduction of either protein causes formation of germ cell tumors. Overall, our work suggests that SUMO may be involved in the interaction of Chinmo and CG11180 and that these genes are required in somatic cells of the adult Drosophila testis. Consistent with the CG11180 knockdown phenotype in male testes, and to underscore its connection to Chinmo, we propose the name Chigno (Childless Gambino) for CG11180.

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23

Bistagne, Florence. "“Sine moribus errantes”: Les discours sur les temps premiers à la Renaissance italienne. Susanna Gambino Longo. Cahiers d’Humanisme et Renaissance 129. Geneva: Droz, 2016. 394 pp. $70.80." Renaissance Quarterly 70, no. 3 (2017): 1039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/695153.

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24

Snow, R. W., M. Jawara, and C. F. Curtis. "Observations on Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) during a trial of permethrin-treated bed nets in The Gambia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 77, no. 2 (June 1987): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300011755.

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AbstractIn a Gambian village, the peak collections of females of the complex of Anopheles gambiae Giles occurred three months after the onset of the heaviest rains; 32% of these were A. melas Theobald, and 54% of blood-meals were identified as originating from man. Counts of A. gambiae s.l. in rooms containing permethrin-treated bed nets were compared with those in rooms containing placebo-treated nets. The numbers in the permethrin-treated nets were far lower than in placebo-treated nets. A higher rate of exophily was noted in rooms containing permethrin-treated nets. The numbers of unfed A. gambiae s.l. found inside the rooms with placebo-treated nets were significantly higher than those with permethrin-treated nets. However, the proportion fed and the mortality in the exit traps were not significantly affected by permethrin treatment. Three-minute bioassays conducted on four different fabric types impregnated at the same concentration showed that the toxicity varied between the fabrics. Handwashing severely reduced the toxicity and approximately halved the permethrin content. Bed nets are frequently washed in Gambian villages, and this could be a problem in the application of permethrin impregnation of bed nets for vector control. Methods are discussed to overcome this problem at the village level.

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Osborn, W. "Power, Politics, and Pentecostal in Latin America. Edited by Edward L. Cleary and Hannah W. Stewart-Gambino. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997. 261 pp. $60.00 cloth; $19.95 paper." Journal of Church and State 40, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/40.2.486.

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Sebayang, Lukas, and Mieke Afni Hardyani. "The Morphology Characteristics of Plant Gambir (Uncaria gambire Roxb.) in Pakpak Barat District." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 7, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v7i2.4374.

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Gambier (Uncaria gambire Roxb) is plantation sector sub commodity which was generally managed by people traditionally but that gambir is exporting commodity only some of consumed by small of society. Gambier plant type that exist in Pakpak Bharat generally not been known as morphology. It is caused by lack of knowledge of community resources Bharat Pakpak to know specifically the type of plants are planted gambier. For that survey gambir plant morphological characteristics in some areas as the center of the district gambir Pakpak Bharat in May-August, 2017. The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information about the types / varieties of gambier plants cultivated by farmers in Pakpak Bharat Regency. The results obtained from the characteristic aspects of plant morphology there are 4 types / types of plant gambier Pakpak contained in Bharat. 4 types of plant gambier it: (1) Type of reddish leaf , known as "siarang" (2) Type of leaf shape is wider and longer (3) Type of leaf is narrower and more short and (4) Type of leaf are thicker and greener leaf. Key words : Characteristic, type, gambier plant

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27

Kea, Pamela. "Photography, care and the visual economy of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations." Journal of Material Culture 22, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183516679188.

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This article examines transnational kinship relations between Gambian parents in the UK and their children and carers in The Gambia, with a focus on the production, exchange and reception of photographs. Many Gambian migrant parents in the UK take their children to The Gambia to be cared for by extended family members. Mirroring the mobility of Gambian migrants and their children as they travel between the UK and The Gambia, photographs document changing family structures and relations. It is argued that domestic photography provides an insight into the representational politics, values and aesthetics of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations. Further, the concept of the moral economy supports a hermeneutics of Gambian family photographic practice and develops our understanding of the visual economy of transnational kinship relations in a number of ways: it draws attention to the way in which the value attributed to a photograph is rooted in shared moral and cultural codes of care within transnational relations of inequality and power; it helps us to interpret Gambians’ responses to and treatment of family photographs; and it highlights the importance attributed to portrait photography and the staging, setting and aesthetics of photographic content within a Gambian imaginary.

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Ulijaszek, Stanley J. "Influence of birth interval and child labour on family energy requirements and dependency ratios in two traditional subsistence economics in Africa." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020320.

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SummaryThe consequences of different birth intervals on dietary energy requirements and dependency ratios at different stages of the family lifecycle are modelled for Gambian agriculturalists and !Kung hunter–gatherers. Energy requirements reach a peak at between 20 and 30 years after starting a family for the Gambians, and between 15 and 20 years for the !Kung. For the Gambians, shorter birth interval of 30 months. For the !Kung, the lack of participation in subsistence activities by children gives an output:input ratio in excess of that reported in other studies, suggesting that they are in a state of chronic energy deficiency.

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Budde, Michael L. "Conflict and Competition: The Latin American Church in a Changing Environment. Edited by Edward L. Cleary and Hannah Stewart-Gambino. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992. 233p. $36.50 cloth, $16.95 paper." American Political Science Review 87, no. 2 (June 1993): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2939097.

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Forte, Emilio. "Méthode GAHUNGU y Vittorio GAMBINO, Formare i presbiteri. Principi e linee di metodologia pedagogica, Libreria Ateneo Salesiano, Roma 2003, 235 pp., 14 x 21, ISBN 88-213-0543-0." Scripta Theologica 36, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/006.36.13864.

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Klaiber, Jeffrey L. "Power, Politics, and Pentecostals in Latin America. Edward L. Cleary and Hannah W. Stewart-Gambino, eds. (Scranton, PA: Harper Collins Publishers, 1997. Pp. 270. Illustrations. Notes. Index. No Price.)." Americas 54, no. 3 (January 1998): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008437.

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Edmonds, A. "Activist Faith: Grassroots Women in Democratic Brazil and Chile. By Carol Ann Drogus and Hannah Stewart-Gambino. University Park, Penn.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005. 212 pp. np." Journal of Church and State 50, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/50.2.373.

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ABERS, REBECCA NEAERA. "Carol Ann Drogus and Hannah Stewart Gambino, Activist Faith: Grassroots Women in Democratic Brazil and Chile (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2005), pp. xi+212, $55.00, hb." Journal of Latin American Studies 38, no. 3 (July 19, 2006): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x06321505.

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Duvall, John N. "Debts of Honor, Narrative Authority, and Southern Manhood in “Knight’s Gambit”." Faulkner Journal 34, no. 1 (March 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fau.2020.a918219.

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Abstract: This essay considers how a particular trace of Faulkner’s 1942 short-story draft of “Knight’s Gambit,” which he failed to place in any mass-market magazine, clarifies the stakes of his final 1949 novella with the same title. In the draft, the key motive for Max Harriss’s attempted murder of Gualdes (Gualdres in the published version) involves the repayment of a gambling debt. In revising, Faulkner recognized the weakness of the original motive. But while the novella completely changes Max’s motive, it does not erase male gambling debts as much as it displaces them throughout the narrative. While chess is the central metaphor in “Knight’s Gambit,” poker is nevertheless a crucial element in Gavin Stevens’ mentoring of his nephew, Chick Mallison. Learning the complementary narrative structures of chess (gambits) and poker (gambling), Chick achieves something unusual in the Faulkner canon: a young white Southern male’s successful movement into manhood.

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Flora, C. B. "Conflict and Competition: The Latin American Church in a Changing Environment. Edited by Edward L. Cleary and Hannah Stewart-Gambino. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992. 233 pp. $35.00 cloth; $16.95 paper." Journal of Church and State 35, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/35.4.891.

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Franceschet, Susan. "Activist Faith: Grassroots Women in Democratic Brazil and Chile. By Carol Ann Drogus and Hannah Stewart-Gambino. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005. Pp. xi, 212. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $55.00 cloth." Americas 63, no. 2 (October 2006): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500063264.

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Munday, K., A. Fulford, and C. J. Bates. "Vitamin C status and collagen cross-link ratios in Gambian children." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 4 (April 2005): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041329.

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Vitamin C (ascorbate) is essential for hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues in nascent collagen, the failure of which leads to connective tissue lesions of scurvy. Of the pyridinium-type cross-links in mature collagen, pyridinoline requires more hydroxylysyl residues than does deoxypyridinoline. Our study tested the hypothesis that pyridinoline:deoxypyridinoline ratios in urinary degradation products may vary with ascorbate status in man. These ratios were compared between British and Gambian prepubertal boys, mean age 8·3 years, and in Gambian boys between two seasons with contrasting ascorbate availability. The mean cross-links ratio in 216 British boys was 4·36 (sd 0·71), significantly greater (P<0·0001) than in sixty-two Gambian boys: 3·83 (sd 0·52). In the Gambians the cross-links ratio was significantly higher in the dry season (with high ascorbate intake and status) than in the rains (with low intake and status). A 7-week controlled intervention was carried out in Gambian boys during the rainy season (the ‘hungry’ season, when vitamin C-containing foods are virtually unavailable): 100 mg ascorbate/d was given to one group of thirty-two Gambian boys and placebo to another group. The intervention did not, however, significantly alter the cross-link ratio, possibly because the response time and/or intervention–response delay is >7 weeks. If confirmed, the putative association between ascorbate and collagen cross-link ratios in man could become the basis for a functional test for adequacy of ascorbate status.

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Şişman Ünlü, Ceyda, and Cemal Onur Noyan. "Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu." Current Addiction Research 8, no. 1 (May 2024): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/car.2024.8.1.223.

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Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu, tekrarlayıcı ve süreğen bir şekilde devam eden kumar oynama davranışıyla karakterize edilen bir klinik tablodur. Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu, nörobiyolojik ve klinik olarak alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları ile ortak özellikler taşıması sebebi ile DSM-5’te madde ile ilişkili olmayan ilk ve tek davranışsal bağımlılık olarak yer almaktadır. Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu’nu nörobiyolojik ve nörobilişsel olarak incelediğimizde dopamin, serotonin, norepinefrin ve glutamat gibi nörotransmitterlerin hastalık gelişiminde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Nörobilişsel perspektiften bakıldığında ise Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu temelinde pozitif pekiştireçlerle gelişen davranışsal koşullanma, değer atfetme, dürtüsellik ve karar verme süreçlerindeki bozuklukların yer aldığı gözlenmektedir. Birey, olumsuz yaşam olaylarıyla baş etme mekanizması olarak kumar oynama davranışını benimserse, bu davranış zamanla artarak devam eder. Zaman içinde artan kumar oynama davranışı, bireyin kendini kontrol etme kapasitesini zayıflatır ve ortaya çıkan olumsuz sonuçlara rağmen kumar oynama davranışının devam etmesine yol açar. Bu kısır döngü, bireyin iş, aile, akademik ve sosyal alanlarda sorunlar yaşamasına neden olarak hastalığın daha da şiddetlenmesine katkı sağlar. Kumar Oynama Bozukluğu, başlangıçta zararsız görünen bir davranış olmasına rağmen, altta yatan yatkınlık ve koruyucu faktörlerin dengesine bağlı olarak bağımlılığa dönüşebilir.

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Azizah, Wanda Lutfianisa Nur. "WANGI GAMBIRA: SOSIALISASI ISI PIRINGKU SEBAGAI PROGRAM EDUKASI ORANG TUA DALAM MENCEGAH GIZI BURUK PADA BALITA." JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 8, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v8i2.22035.

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Abstrak: Gizi Buruk adalah keadaan kekurangan energi dan protein (KEP) tingkat berat akibat kurang mengkonsumsi makanan yang bergizi atau menderita penyakit tertentu. Permasalahan gizi buruk berupa stunting, wasting, underweight, dan overweight banyak terjadi pada anak khususnya balita. Dalam menjawab keresahan dari permasalahan tersebut, Wangi Gambira atau kependekan dari Lawan Gizi Buruk Gambirono Gembira hadir menjadi salah satu program sosialisasi yang ditujukan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua terkait pentingnya mencegah gizi buruk pada balita dengan memperkenalkan Isi Piringku. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini diharapkan orang tua lebih paham akan pentingnya pemenuhan gizi untuk mencegah gizi buruk pada balita. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosialisasi ceramah, kuis, dan juga diskusi. Adapun kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 36 ibu dari balita yang ada di wilayah Posyandu Mangga 100 Desa Gambirono, Jawa Timur. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan sistem monitoring yang membandingkan hasil akhir evaluasi dengan indikator keberhasilan yang telah disusun dan didapatkan hasil sudah 100% memenuhi target, yakni jumlah peserta yang melebihi target serta pengetahuan peserta yang meningkat setelah dinilai berdasarkan hasil kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah sosialisasi.Abstract: Malnutrition is a severe state of energy and protein deficiency (KEP) due to insufficient consumption of nutritious foods or suffering from certain diseases. Poor nutritional problems such as stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight are common in children, especially youngsters. In response to the problem, Wangi Gambira or abbreviation of "Bad Nutrition, Gambirono Happy" is one of the socialization programmes aimed at giving education to parents about the importance of preventing malnutrition in the news by introducing the contents of my dishes. With the existence of this activity, it is hoped that parents will better understand the significance of nutritional fulfillment to prevent malnutrition in the newspapers. This community service is done using the socialization approach of lectures, quizzes, and even discussions. As for this activity followed by 36 mothers from the newspapers who are in the area of Posyandu Mangga 100 Gambirono Village, East Java. Evaluation is carried out using a monitoring system that compares the final results of the evaluation with the indicators of success that have been compiled and the results obtained have 100% met the target, i.e. the number of participants that exceed the target as well as the knowledge of the participants increased after being evaluated on the basis of the results of questionnaires before and after socialization.

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Hultin, Niklas. "Voter Registration Cards, Political Subjectivity, and Trust in Paper in the Gambia." Journal of Legal Anthropology 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2008): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2008.010104.

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This article examines the voter registration card and the social context of voter registrations in the Gambia, West Africa. Drawing on recent ethnographies of documents and using data on worries over foreigners’ efforts to fraudulently obtain voter registration cards, a public information campaign on the Gambian electoral process, international legal material on the Gambian democracy, and observations at voter registration stations, the article argues that the voter registration card delineates not only a national subject but also a generic political subject. This subject is characterized by a commitment to a bureaucratic process and an appreciation of the card as an official identification document inseparable from the person it identifies. The article also considers how the voter registration process allows Gambians to compare their experiences to citizens of other countries. In a political context of an authoritarian government and a weak rule of law, this comparison offers an ideal of a modern democratic state that both enables criticism of the Gambia’s present situation and confirms the centrality of a generic political subject to the realization of that ideal.

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Chatterjee, Bithi, Christian Hess, Daniel Snell, Tea Gunde, Stefan Warmuth, Alexandre Simonin, Matthias Brock, et al. "Abstract 2871: NM28-2746, a reduced affinity bivalent mesothelin-binding MATCH4 T cell engager, with half-life extension, increases selectivity for killing of mesothelin-overexpressing cells." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2871.

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Abstract CD3-based T cell engagers are highly potent therapeutic molecules which enable T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity toward cells expressing selected tumor-associated antigens. Alongside a highly potent anti-tumor activity, is the risk of on-target off-tumor side effects due to low levels of expression of the target antigen in normal tissue. We have sought to overcome this issue with the design and generation of a target-density-dependent activation mechanism. We have generated reduced-affinity antibody fragments to the tumor associated antigen mesothelin and constructed a multi-domain MATCH4 molecule encompassing bivalent mesothelin binding domains, a CD3 binding domain, and a human serum albumin (HSA)-binding domain for half-life extension. Here we report the design of the MATCH4 molecule and the preclinical activity of the molecule in vitro and in vivo. We also report the biochemical characteristics of the therapeutic candidate molecule showing its highly favorable properties for clinical development. We demonstrate that the bivalent mesothelin T cell engager has increased in vitro potency in T cell activation and tumor cell killing in the presence of high mesothelin expressing cells, when compared to a higher-affinity monovalent counterpart. We also demonstrate that the activity on low mesothelin expressing cells, such as healthy mesothelial cells, is reduced for the bivalent molecule compared to the higher affinity monovalent molecule. Due to the shedding of mesothelin from the surface of cancer cells and the high circulating levels of soluble mesothelin in patient sera, we also demonstrate that the bivalent molecule is still highly potent in cytotoxic activity in the presence of concentrations of soluble mesothelin up to 500 ng/ml. We also demonstrate dose dependent anti-tumor activity in in vivo efficacy studies in PBMC-reconstituted mice, and combination therapeutic activity with an anti-PD-L1, anti-4-1BB bispecific molecule (NM21-1480). Collectively, these data demonstrate an increased selectivity to mesothelin-overexpressing cells by this novel MATCH4 reduced affinity bivalent T cell engager. These data indicate the potential of this molecule to increase the therapeutic window by reducing safety concerns on normal tissue where mesothelin expression is low, and yet promote cytotoxicity on mesothelin over-expressing cancer cells. Citation Format: Bithi Chatterjee, Christian Hess, Daniel Snell, Tea Gunde, Stefan Warmuth, Alexandre Simonin, Matthias Brock, Fabio Spiga, Maria Johansson, Christopher Weinert, Julia Tietz, Niels Kirk, Nicole Bassler, Dana Mahler, Dania Diem, Alessandra Carrella, Noreen Giezendanner, Alessandra Alberti, Giorgio Gambino, Belinda Wickihalder, Bettina Bommer, Simone Muntwiler, Yasemin Yaman, Naomi Flueckiger, Robin Heiz, Sandro Wagen, David Urech. NM28-2746, a reduced affinity bivalent mesothelin-binding MATCH4 T cell engager, with half-life extension, increases selectivity for killing of mesothelin-overexpressing cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2871.

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Lunden, S., and W. Qiu. "First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in a Hybrid Grape ‘Vidal Blanc’ in Missouri." Plant Disease 96, no. 3 (March 2012): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0834.

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Grapevine leaf roll disease (GLRD) is one of the most prevalent viral diseases in vineyards worldwide. At least 10 Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1 to -7, and -9, -10, and -11) are associated with GLRD. GLRaV-2 has a number of distinct isolates that are associated not only with GLRD, but also with graft incompatibility, young vine decline, and rootstock stem lesions. In the United States, GLRaV-2 isolates have been reported in the states of California (4), New York (1), Oregon, and Washington (3). A survey of grapevine viruses was conducted on seven grape cultivars, Norton, Chambourcin, Chardonel, Vignoles, Vidal Blanc, Traminette, and Cayuga White, in a vineyard located at Mountain Grove, MO during the falls of 2009 and 2010 and late summer of 2011. Vines from each cultivar were assigned into three blocks. From each block, six individual vines were randomly selected. Phloem scrapings were collected for detecting viruses by ELISA and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. To test for GLRaV-2, a set of primers, GLRaV-2-Forward (5′-GGTGATAACCGACGCCTCTA, nt 6745 to 6764) and GLRaV-2-Reverse (5′-CCTAGCTGACGCAGATTGCT, nt 7268 to 7287), were designed from the coat protein coding region as reported previously (2). GRLaV-2 was detected only in the samples of ‘Vidal Blanc’. The detection of GLRaV-2 was further verified by ELISA using GRLaV-2-specific antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland). The GLRaV-2-infected ‘Vidal Blanc’ vines did not exhibit visible symptoms. The RT-PCR amplified 543-bp cDNA fragments were isolated from agarose gel and cloned into the pCR2.1 vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Plasmid DNA was purified from three individual clones and sequenced from both directions. Comparison of the 543-bp sequences showed that the sequences shared 99% nt identity with the corresponding regions of 21 GLRaV-2 isolates, including PMC-083 isolate from Croatia (GenBank Accession No. HM185277), LN isolate from China (GenBank No. FJ786017), SE isolate from Brazil (GenBank No. EU204909), and four isolates from Washington (GenBank Nos. EU760836, 760838, 760843, and 760848). ‘Vidal Blanc’ is a white interspecific hybrid grape. Absence of visible symptoms on this cultivar emphasizes the importance of planting certified grapevines that have been indexed for viruses. Discovery of GLRaV-2 in asymptomatic white grape cultivars will warn growers on the potential damages and epidemics of GLRD in Midwest vineyards and promote planting clean grapevines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GLRaV-2 in grapevines in Missouri. References: (1) M. Fuchs et al. Plant Dis. 93:395, 2009. (2) G. Gambino and I. Gribaudo. Phytopathology 96:1223, 2006. (3) R. R. Martin et al. Plant Dis. 89:763, 2005. (4) A. Rowhani et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 92:(suppl.):S71, 2002.

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Nodes, Daniel J. "Susanna Gambino Longo. Savoir de la nature et poésie des choses: Lucrèce et épicure à la Renaissance italienne. Bibliothèque Littéraire de la Renaissance 59. Paris : Honoré Champion éditeur, 2004. 334 pp. index. bibl. €56. ISBN: 2-7453-1000-3." Renaissance Quarterly 58, no. 2 (2005): 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0752.

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Saffari, Ayden, Smeeta Shrestha, Prachand Issarapu, Sara Sajjadi, Modupeh Betts, Sirazul Ameen Sahariah, Ashutosh Singh Tomar, et al. "Effect of maternal preconceptional and pregnancy micronutrient interventions on children's DNA methylation: Findings from the EMPHASIS study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 4 (September 5, 2020): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa193.

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ABSTRACT Background Maternal nutrition in pregnancy has been linked to offspring health in early and later life, with changes to DNA methylation (DNAm) proposed as a mediating mechanism. Objective We investigated intervention-associated DNAm changes in children whose mothers participated in 2 randomized controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy, as part of the EMPHASIS (Epigenetic Mechanisms linking Preconceptional nutrition and Health Assessed in India and sub-Saharan Africa) study (ISRCTN14266771). Design We conducted epigenome-wide association studies with blood samples from Indian (n = 698) and Gambian (n = 293) children using the Illumina EPIC array and a targeted study of selected loci not on the array. The Indian micronutrient intervention was food based, whereas the Gambian intervention was a micronutrient tablet. Results We identified 6 differentially methylated CpGs in Gambians [2.5–5.0% reduction in intervention group, all false discovery rate (FDR) <5%], the majority mapping to ESM1, which also represented a strong signal in regional analysis. One CpG passed FDR <5% in the Indian cohort, but overall effect sizes were small (<1%) and did not have the characteristics of a robust signature. We also found strong evidence for enrichment of metastable epialleles among subthreshold signals in the Gambian analysis. This supports the notion that multiple methylation loci are influenced by micronutrient supplementation in the early embryo. Conclusions Maternal preconceptional and pregnancy micronutrient supplementation may alter DNAm in children measured at 7–9 y. Multiple factors, including differences between the nature of the intervention, participants, and settings, are likely to have contributed to the lack of replication in the Indian cohort. Potential links to phenotypic outcomes will be explored in the next stage of the EMPHASIS study.

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LINDSAY, S. W., J. R. M. ARMSTRONG SCHELLENBERG, H. A. ZEILER, R. J. DALY, F. M. SALUM, and H. A. WILKINS. "Exposure of Gambian children to Anopheles gambiae malaria vectors in an irrigated rice production area." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 9, no. 1 (January 1995): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00116.x.

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Barillas-Mury, C., A. Charlesworth, I. Gross, A. Richman, J. A. Hoffmann, and F. C. Kafatos. "Immune factor Gambif1, a new rel family member from the human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae." EMBO Journal 15, no. 17 (September 1996): 4691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00846.x.

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DRAKELEY, C. J., L. MULDER, T. TCHUINKAM, S. GUPTA, R. SAUERWEIN, and G. A. T. TARGETT. "Transmission-blocking effects of sera from malaria-exposed individuals on Plasmodium falciparum isolates from gametocyte carriers." Parasitology 116, no. 5 (May 1998): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098002601.

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Sera from donors exposed to malaria were tested for their ability to block the transmission of isolates from Cameroonian Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers. Sera were selected from amongst Cameroonian and Gambian donors who had positive antibody reactivity against the surface of activated gametes and against epitopes of Pfs 48/45 (a potential transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigen). Aliquots of washed blood from gametocyte carriers were resuspended in test and control sera and fed to An. gambiae mosquitoes via a membrane feeder. Comparisons of the prevalence and intensity of infections in dissected mosquitoes showed variations in the ability of sera to block the transmission of the different isolates. Sera were identified that had little or no blocking effect on the transmission of isolates unless the isolate was poorly infectious. Some sera completely blocked the transmission of some isolates whilst having little or no effect on others. The observed variation in transmission-modulating activity may have implications for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine.

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Holtgraves, Thomas. "Gambling, gambling activities, and problem gambling." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 23, no. 2 (June 2009): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014181.

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Kanuya, E., L. A. Clayton, R. A. Naidu, and A. V. Karasev. "First Report of Grapevine fleck virus in Idaho Grapevines." Plant Disease 96, no. 11 (November 2012): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0574-pdn.

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Idaho has a growing viticulture industry, with nearly 1,600 acres of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Production is largely concentrated in two locations, the Snake River valley, which includes Canyon County in the southwest, and the Clearwater River valley, primarily Nez Perce County in the northwest. Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) belongs to the genus Maculavirus, family Tymoviridae, comprising positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with ca. 7.6-kb genome (3). It is one of five non-mechanically transmitted viruses associated with the fleck disease complex and has been previously documented to occur in the neighboring state of Washington (2). Main sources of wine grape nursery material imported to Idaho reside in Washington or in California, and it is important to monitor virus status of the planting material brought to the state. However, no information was available on the occurrence and prevalence of GFkV in wine grapes in Idaho. During three growing seasons in 2009 through 2011, random grapevine samples were collected in 14 vineyards in Canyon, Elmore, Ada, and Nez Perce counties. A total of 434 samples were tested by one step RT-PCR using GFkV-specific primers, GFkVf: 5′-TGACCAGCCTGCTGTCTCTA-3′ and GFkVr: 5′-TGGACAGGGAGGTGTAGGAG-3′ designed to amplify a fragment of the GFkV capsid protein gene (1). Twenty-four samples tested positive for GFkV by RT-PCR and produced the expected 179-bp DNA fragment. These samples came from five vineyards sampled across all surveyed counties, and represented seven wine grape cultivars, including Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Lemberger, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, and one unknown table grape cultivar. Twelve PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy plasmid vector (Promega), sequenced (numbered ID1 to 12, available upon request), and confirmed to represent fragments of the GFkV CP gene between positions 6,453 and 6,631 in the genome of GFkV isolate MT48 (GenBank Accession No. AJ309022.1). Eight of the Idaho GFkV sequences (ID2, ID3, ID7 to 11, and ID12) matched closely with other GFkV sequences from Washington State, Italy, India, and South America, showing 97 to 99% identity at the nucleotide level in pair-wise comparisons. Four GFkV sequences from Idaho (ID1 and ID4 to 6) showed only modest (90 to 92%) identity in pair-wise comparisons with GFkV sequences available in GenBank. Consequently, in phylogenetic reconstructions eight Idaho GFkV sequences clustered in the same lineage with the six GFkV sequences deposited in GenBank, and four other GFkV sequences were placed outside of this main clade. It is possible that this phylogeny of the Idaho GFkV reflects different sources of the virus-infected planting material brought to the state. In the absence of symptoms expressed in wine grape cultivars infected with GFkV, laboratory methods remain the only tool to detect the virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GFkV found in wine grapes in Idaho demonstrating its substantial presence in production areas. References: (1) G. Gambino and I. Gribaudo. Phytopathology 96:1223, 2006. (2) R. A. Naidu et al. Plant Dis. 94:784, 2010. (3) S. Sabanadzovic et al. J. Gen. Virol. 82:2009, 2001.

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Sanneh, Bakary, Sainey Sanneh, Sharmila Lareef-Jah, Buba Darboe, Lamin L. Dibba, Lamin F. Manjang, Yorro Bah, et al. "Practice of preventive measures and vaccine hesitance for COVID 19 among households in The Gambia, 2021: Study protocol." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): e0270304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270304.

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The first imported confirmed case of COVID 19 was reported in The Gambia on 16th of March 2020 which led to the implementation of relevant public health interventions to prevent further importation and spread of the virus. However, by 8th November 2021, the country had registered cumulatively 9.980 COVID-19 confirmed infection and 341 deaths. The country has developed and implemented Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) Action Plan since the declaration by WHO that COVID-19 outbreak was a global public health threat and its subsequent proclamation that outbreak was a pandemic. Despite these efforts to sensitize the communities, some Gambians are in denial and/or misinformed of the existence of infection in the country. It is also evident that social distancing and other restrictions have not been adequately implemented by the citizenry. Less 14% of The Gambian population have been vaccinated, and there is evidence of gross vaccine hesitancy and disbelief. There is urgent need to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices among Gambians about preventive practices especially regarding accepting vaccination to control COVID 19. The proposed study will enrol 1200 households from seven Local Government Areas (LGAs). The findings of this study will inform the messaging and health promotion activities that will be used to better inform the population to ensure compliance and practice of preventive approaches (e.g., use of mask, vaccination)necessary to reduce the negative impact of COVID 19 outbreak in The Gambia. This will thus quicken the recovery process and the return to new normal life.

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