Journal articles: 'Gambling - Sports'

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Ditizio, Amber A. "Fantasy Sports and Gambling in Sport." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 14, no. 4 (October 2016): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2016100104.

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Modern sports/media complex may be the result of complex inactions of communication technologies, social developments, and the increased sophistication of businesses in understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of consumer behavior. From the promotion options of print media, television and radio, to the self-engaging aspects of Internet sport coverage and gaming, the spectator is rapidly becoming an integral part of the branding process. Media, especially fantasy sports, has transcended the traditional roles of television's function as agents of exposure to engagement and personal involvement in athletic contest and its merchandising. Although the media aspect may been neglected in sports research, media research traditionally has considered sports too popular for traditional research. This paper explores some of the major topics for research that combines sports and newer forms of media exploitation for marketing purposes.

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Lastra, Reynald, Peter Bell, and Christine Bond. "Sports Betting-Motivated Corruption in Australia: An Under-Studied Phenomenon." International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v4i1.8563.

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With the continual rise of gambling methods there is a need to better understand sports betting-motivated corruption in the Australian context. This literature review highlights seven predominant themes: the Australian gambling culture, betting opportunities available, the threat of sports betting to the integrity of sport, corruption in sport, involvement of transnational organized crime groups in sports corruption, the theoretical perspectives used in sports corruption research, and anti-corruption strategies which are important in the prevention and law enforcement of this criminal behavior. The review identifies significant gaps in existing knowledge surrounding sports betting-motivated corruption, highlighting the need for further research in this area.Keywords: corruption, sports betting, gambling, law enforcement, sports integrity

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Lopez-Gonzalez, Hibai, Mark D. Griffiths, and Ana Estévez. "In-Play Betting, Sport Broadcasts, and Gambling Severity: A Survey Study of Spanish Sports Bettors on the Risks of Betting on Sport While Watching It." Communication & Sport 8, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518816338.

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Fans watching live sport events, both mediated or in stadia, have witnessed an increase in sports betting products. Most of these products feature in-play betting, that is, the ability to bet on a game once it has started while watching it. In-play betting has raised many concerns among responsible gambling advocates due to its perceived relationship with problem gambling behaviour. This study explored the association between in-play betting and problem gambling. More specifically, the study examined how motives for consuming sport and how involved sports fans were in watching sport affected their gambling. Also, adjacent risk behaviours to in-play betting (such as consuming junk food and alcohol) during live sports betting were examined. Using a survey comprising 659 sports bettors from Spain, the study found that compared to participants not engaging in in-play betting, in-play bettors reported higher (i) problem gambling severity, (ii) sport watching involvement, (iii) consumption of sport to escape from everyday preoccupations, and (iv) consumption of junk food and/or alcohol while watching sport. These findings make the case that in-play betting regulators and providers should be cognizant of the interplay of sport-specific, media-related, and other risks, involved in the act of in-play betting while watching live sport.

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Lopez-Gonzalez, Hibai, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Understanding the convergence of markets in online sports betting." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 7 (December 14, 2016): 807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216680602.

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Betting on sports via online platforms has rapidly become a popular form of gambling in many countries. Despite the growing body of research investigating the psychosocial and individual psychological factors determining gambling behaviour, much less attention has been devoted to understanding the market characteristics of online sports betting and its intersection with products from adjacent industries. From an economic convergence perspective, the present paper explores the integration of online sports betting within the digital, sporting and gambling sectors, examining how data markets, eSports, virtual sports, social gaming, immersive reality tools, sports media, sport sponsorship, fantasy sports, in-venue and in-stadium betting, poker and trading are all converging around betting activity. Through this convergence process, it is argued that internet-based sports gambling is colonizing different forms of entertainment, and expanding marketing opportunities, as well as raising psychosocial concerns about the influence of such an integration process.

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Johnston, Margaret A., and Luc R. Bourgeois. "Third-person perceptions of gambling sponsorship advertising." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 5, no. 5 (November 9, 2015): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-04-2015-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptual and behavioural components of the third-person effect for sport sponsorship marketing communications by legalised gambling companies. Specifically, this research examines judgements about the perceived influence of gambling sponsorship on self, children, and other adults. It also investigates behavioural reactions towards the censorship of gambling sponsorship, and intentions to gamble with sponsors. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was fielded to a commercial consumer database and yielded 511 usable responses. Four hypotheses were tested to examine perceptions of the effects of gambling sponsorship on self and on others, and whether perceived differences in self/other effects influenced pro-censorship behaviours and gambling intentions. Findings – Findings reveal a range of responses to sport sponsorship by gambling companies. Some individuals view gambling sponsorship positively, they are anti-censorship, and happy to bet with sponsors. Others, who bet on sports, but have no particular allegiance to gambling sponsors, appear highly protective of children, and endorse censorship. Research limitations/implications – This study focused on the perceived impact of gambling sponsorship on other adults and on children. Future research may consider targeting more specific groups such as other sports fans, others engaged in online sports betting, or primary/secondary school age children. Originality/value – This study provides new insights on sponsorship effects, specifically public perceptions of gambling sponsorship advertising and their associated behavioural consequences.

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Curry, Timothy J., and Robert M. Jiobu. "Do Motives Matter? Modeling Gambling on Sports among Athletes." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1995): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.1.21.

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The importance of competition and other motive statements in explaining gambling behavior is an important but controversial issue. This study operationalizes several types of motive statements related to sports participation, and then, in a novel methodological strategy, applies these as independent variables in a causal model of sport betting among college athletes. Based on questionnaires from 492 athletes at three colleges, findings showed that competitive and extrinsic motives for sport predict sports wagering. This is the case even in a multivariate equation that includes several control variables drawn from previous studies of gambling in the general population.

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BAILEY, BENJE. "Gambling on College Sports." Gaming Law Review 4, no. 4 (August 2000): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glr.2000.4.339.

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Cason, Dan, Minkyo Lee, Jaedeock Lee, In-Sung Yeo, and Edward J. Arner. "The Impact of Legalization of Sports Gambling: How Motivation, Fandom, and Gender Influence Sport-Related Consumption." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0022.

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This study examined how the legalization of sports wagering, in association with several factors (i.e., gender, motivations, and fandom), has impacted gambling behavior, interests in sport, and sport-related consumption (e.g., media, ticket sales) using a sample of active gamblers above the age of 21 (N = 58). The findings showed that economic motivation significantly predicted gambling behavior, interests in sports, and sport-related consumption, while fandom did not. People who are motivated by money are more likely to wager on sport and consume sport. However, being a sport fan or not does not impact those variables. Based on the results of the current study, it could be suggested that, since sports wagering was recently legalized, sport organizations should move quickly to attract new and potential market segments (e.g., gamblers).

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Marcos, Marta. "Juego online: tratamiento de un caso de adicción a apuestas deportivas." Liberabit: Revista Peruana de Psicología 26, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): e339. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n2.04.

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Background: online gambling (bets, casino games, poker, etc.) is an activity that is spreading worldwide, even in countries where it is not yet legalized. Although the situation in Latin America is very heterogeneous, it is possible that, as online gambling is developed and promoted, addiction problems arise. This has already happened in Spain since the legalization of online gambling in 2011. Thus, psychology should be developing intervention programs to face this new scenario. Goal: this paper describes the treatment protocol for a young man with sports betting addiction. Method: the treatment proposal consisted in a cognitive behavioral therapy which focused on deconditioning of gambling situations; training of skills needed to prevent relapses and overcome risky situations; information on gambling risks; change of attitude towards gambling; and promotion of a healthy lifestyle incompatible with gambling addiction. Results: both the treatment phases and the theoretical basis of the intervention proposal are described. The patient, diagnosed with a severe gambling disorder, showed improvements in the gambling disorder criteria and the Symptom Severity Scale Score. Conclusions: a treatment protocol for online gambling addiction, which is based on the principles of motivation and learning, has been developed. This protocol has demonstrated to be effective in reducing gambling behavior and promoting a new healthy lifestyle.

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Stadder, Emily, and Michael L. Naraine. "Place Your Bets: An Exploratory Study of Sports-Gambling Operators’ Use of Twitter for Relationship Marketing." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2019-0114.

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Worldwide, sports gambling is a multibillion-dollar industry. Despite the industry’s size and success, little research has been conducted on sport-gambling operators (SGOs), and no research has examined their presence on social media. As such, this exploratory study aimed to examine the social media habits of SGOs through a relationship-marketing lens. To do so, 16,466 tweets were collected from the Twitter accounts of six Australian SGOs, with descriptive statistics from tweets presented and Leximancer performing automated thematic analyses. Results indicated that SGOs are discussing professionalized sport, influencers, and subbrands, as well as extensively making use of hashtags and mentions. Given these results, the strategies that SGOs are using to communicate and interact with their consumers focuses particularly on a North American professional-sport and horseracing context. This research contributes to the growing understanding of social media stakeholders in sport and provides an initial starting point for future research on SGOs given the recent legalization of sports gambling in the United States.

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Wang, Xin, Doyeon Won, and Hyung Sang Jeon. "Predictors of Sports Gambling among College Students: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Problem Gambling Severity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041803.

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The current study investigated what influences college students’ behavioral intention and behavior towards sports gambling using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. The study also explored the moderation effect of problem gambling severity in the relationships between TPB determinants, behavioral intention, and sports gambling behavior. Data were collected from 334 college students from four different universities in the U.S. and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis. The results indicated that attitude was the most critical determinant of college students’ sports gambling intentions, followed by the subjective norms, while both behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of sports gambling behavior. The study also found some meaningful moderation effects of problem gambling severity. Subjective norms were influential on college students with greater problem gambling severity, while attitude was the strongest predictor of recreational sports gamblers. Suggestions on prevention and treatment programs regarding sports gambling and problem gambling are discussed.

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Fortunato, John A. "Producing and Promoting the Sports Gambling Industry since the 2018 United States Supreme Court Ruling: A Review of Organizational Action through Suspense Theory." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 13, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v13i1.1807.

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Sports gambling is a way for people to experience the emotions caused by suspense. Suspense is predicated and enhanced along the dimensions of outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest in the outcome. Suspense for a sporting event is increased through gambling by creating outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest beyond the result of an actual game. The 2018 United States Supreme Court ruling that permits states to legalize wagering on sports games altered the sports gambling industry by giving more people the ability to bet on games. Several states are facilitating sports betting by allowing wagering through online and mobile platforms. Beyond what is legally permitted, sports gambling participation is influenced by how the activity is promoted. State governments, sports leagues and teams, sports gambling operators, and media companies are all in position to capitalize economically on an increase in sports gambling, therefore, their actions in producing and promoting the sports gambling industry since the Supreme Court ruling are in need of study. The alignment of organizational action with suspense theory lends insight into what is actually occurring in the sports gambling industry and can serve to better anticipate future industry developments.

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Mehti oğlu Abbasov, Hilal. "Different types of manipulation in sport." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (May 20, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/109-113.

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Athletes are not roulette chips, but sports gambling treats them as such. If the dangers of state sponsored sports betting are not confronted, the character of sports and youngsters’ view of them could be seriously threatened… just as legalizing drugs would lead to increased drug addiction, legalizing sports gambling would aggravate the problems associated with gambling. As a society, we cannot afford this result, and… legalizing sports gambling would encourage young people to participate in sports to win money. They would no longer love the game for the purity of the experience. Key words: major manipulations, harmful aspects, existing problems, legalizing sports gambling, ethics of sports

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Claussen, Cathryn L., and Lori K. Miller. "The Gambling Industry and Sports Gambling: A Stake in the Game?" Journal of Sport Management 15, no. 4 (October 2001): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.15.4.350.

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This article describes developments in the American gambling industry during the decade of the 1990s in light of predictions made in the 1980s. Societal and legal trends in the 1990s are discussed in terms of their relevance for the future of the gambling industry in the first decade of the 21st century. Particular attention is addressed to sports gambling and Internet sports gambling as growth areas in the gambling industry.

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Smith, Garry J. "Pools, Parlays, and Point Spreads: A Sociological Consideration of the Legalization of Sports Gambling." Sociology of Sport Journal 7, no. 3 (September 1990): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.7.3.271.

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The legalization of sports gambling has recently become a major social policy issue in some North American jurisdictions. Unfortunately, there are few guiding principles to help policymakers in their deliberations. This paper presents a synopsis of the main practical and moral arguments for and against sports gambling. The discussion of the consequences of legalizing sports gambling follows a sociological overview that emphasizes the scope, growth, and appeal of the activity. The concluding section examines the future of sports gambling: why legalization appears inevitable, the formats legalized sports gambling may take, and where in North America the enabling legislation is most likely to surface.

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Calvosa, Paolo. "Responsible Gambling Strategies for Internet Gambling: An Empirical Investigation into the Italian Gambling Market." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n7p17.

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The aim of this study is to analyse, in the Italian sports betting sector, the impact of Internet gambling on the level of consumption of gambling products and the responsible gambling strategies adopted by the on line gambling operators. From the methodological viewpoint the research work has been organised into two phases. In the first phase, an empirical investigation has been carried out on a sample of Italian consumers directed towards measuring the impact that the use of the Internet has on the volume of bets made on sports events. In the second phase, an analytical work has been performed on the on line gambling websites of the main operators of the Italian sports betting market, directed towards examining the measures adopted for promoting responsible gambling. The results of the empirical research indicate, on the one hand, that in the Italian market, as has happened in other national gambling markets, the legalization of on line sports betting may determine an increase in the level of consumption of gambling products and, thus, in the potential risks of excessive gambling; and, on the other hand, that the normative approach adopted in the Italian gambling market, based on a ‘concession model’ which provides for a strong public control of the gambling operators, has favoured a widespread adoption by the on line betting companies of an articulated series of measures aimed towards harm minimisation in Internet gambling. Thus, the findings of this study contribute towards the economic-managerial literature on the theme of firms’ social responsibility by providing important insights for gambling firms and public policy makers regarding the responsible gambling strategies for Internet gambling adoptable in the markets, such as the Italian one, in which on line gambling is fully regulated.

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Bum, Chul-Ho, Chulhwan Choi, and Kyongmin Lee. "Irrational Beliefs and Social Adaptation of Online Sports Gamblers According to Addiction Level: A Comparative Study." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114314.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in psychological characteristics (i.e., irrational beliefs) and social adaptation according to a participant’s level of addiction to online sports gambling (i.e., non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk gamblers). A survey was completed by participants of online sports gambling, aged 19 years or older; 291 completed questionnaires were obtained and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). As results of this study, according to the level of addiction to online sports gambling, there were significant differences on people’s mental state and social adaptation. Specifically, the more people are attached to a group that is exposed to high gambling addiction risk, the more they tend to become irrational while gambling, adopt an overconfident viewpoint, and overestimate their techniques. Moreover, as addiction to online sports gambling worsens, adaptation problems begin to appear in their work and family lives. This study demonstrated that people who are addicted to online sports gambling tend to find difficulties in thinking reasonably and logically and struggle to lead normal lives. By raising awareness on online sports gambling addiction, this study could suggest a way out of the difficulty.

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Easton, Todd, and Sarah Newell. "Are daily fantasy sports gambling?" Journal of Sports Analytics 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jsa-180240.

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Insley, Robin, Lucia Mok, and Tim Swartz. "Issues Related to Sports Gambling." Australian New Zealand Journal of Statistics 46, no. 2 (June 2004): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2004.00326.x.

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Kim, Jeong-Eun, Jong-Hun Heo, and Hwang-Gun Ryu. "The Effects of Being around Gambling and Gambling Advertising on Sports Gambling Addiction." Korean Journal of Health Service Management 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2017.11.3.105.

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Lelonek-Kuleta, Bernadeta, Rafał P. Bartczuk, Michał Wiechetek, Joanna Chwaszcz, and Iwona Niewiadomska. "The Prevalence of E-Gambling and of Problem E-Gambling in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020404.

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This study estimated the levels of involvement in e-gambling and problem e-gambling in Poland and identified selected sociodemographic variables associated with e-gambling activities. The study was conducted using a representative sample of the adult inhabitants of Poland (n = 2000). The survey contained questions measuring three aspects of gambling (involvement in e-gambling, types of e-gambling activity, and problematic e-gambling). Results suggested that 4.1% of respondents were involved in e-gambling and 26.8% of them could be classified as problem gamblers. The most popular e-gambling games were lotteries and sports betting. Gender, age, size of city of residence, level of education, and income were identified as significant predictors of involvement in e-gambling. The results indicated that men, younger people, and people who earnt less were more often involved in e-gambling. Having children, playing online scratch cards, and online sport betting—but not online lotteries—turned out to be typical for problem online gamblers. The prevalence of problem gambling among Polish e-gamblers suggests that extended research in this area is needed.

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Lee, Chang Boon Patrick, and Lin Hammer Xia. "AN ONLINE SPORTS BETTING ADOPTION MODEL." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v3i1.540.

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The objective of this research was to validate an online sports betting adoption model among students in a tertiary institution. The research model incorporated key constructs in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and two other constructs – gambling belief and subjective norm. Data collected from a questionnaire survey were used to test the model. The results, based on 212 survey returns, supported all the hypotheses proposed in this study. They showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, gambling belief, and subjective norm had either direct or indirect influence on intention to bet online. The study discussed the implications of the results for industry practitioners and gambling counselors.

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Håkansson, Anders, Caroline Jönsson, and Göran Kenttä. "Psychological Distress and Problem Gambling in Elite Athletes during COVID-19 Restrictions—A Web Survey in Top Leagues of Three Sports during the Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186693.

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COVID-19 and lockdown strategies may affect mental health and addictive behavior differently in the population, and elite athletes are among the professions clearly affected by the pandemic. This study in top elite athletes aimed to study current perceived psychological influence from COVID-19 and symptoms of depression, anxiety and changes in alcohol drinking, gambling behavior and problem gambling in the midst of the COVID-19 lockdown. This web survey included athletes in top leagues of soccer, ice hockey and handball in Sweden (N = 327, 62% men). A total of 66% and 51% were worried about the future of their sport or about their own future in sports, respectively. Feeling worse psychologically during the pandemic was common (72% of women, 40% of men, p < 0.001); depression criteria were endorsed by 19% of women and three percent of men (p < 0.001); anxiety criteria by 20% of women and five percent of men (p < 0.001). Reporting increased gambling during the pandemic was associated with gambling problem severity. Moderate-risk or problem gambling was seen in 10% of men and none of the women (p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were associated with feeling worse during the COVID-19 pandemic and with concern over one’s own sports future. In conclusion, COVID-19-related distress is common in elite athletes and associated with mental health symptoms. Gambling increase during the pandemic was rare, but related to gambling problems, which were common in male athletes. The calls for increased focus on COVID-19-related concerns in athletes and on problem gambling in male athletes.

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Håkansson, Anders. "Changes in Gambling Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Web Survey Study in Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114013.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed everyday life, and policy makers have raised concerns about possible changes in gambling patterns during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine whether self-reported gambling has increased during the pandemic, and to examine potential correlates of such a change. This general population survey study in Sweden collected self-report data from 2016 web survey members (51 percent men, nine percent moderate-risk/problem gamblers). Correlates of increased gambling and increased gambling specifically due to COVID-19-related cancellation of sports were calculated. Four percent reported an overall gambling increase during the pandemic. The proportion of individuals reporting an increase, compared to individuals reporting a decrease, was markedly higher for online casinos (0.62), online horse betting (0.76) and online lotteries (0.73), and lower for sports betting (0.11). Overall, gambling increases were independently associated with gambling problems and increased alcohol consumption. In the sub-group, where there was an increase in specific gambling types in response to cancelled sports betting events, rates of gambling problems were high. In conclusion, only a minority report increased gambling in response to the pandemic, but this group has markedly higher gambling problems and changes in alcohol consumption, and may represent a sub-group with a particularly high vulnerability. This calls for preventive action in people with higher gambling risks in response to the pandemic.

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Mehti oğlu Abbasov, Hilal. "The concept of manipulation in sports competitions." ANCIENT LAND 03, no. 03 (May 29, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/03/15-19.

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Knowing the negative effect of sports manipulation for the sport and society, as well as the problems that is facing the Macolin Convention in its ratification, I decided to do this research in order investigate the phenomenon of match-fixing, controversial issues about the online gambling and potential effect of ratifycation of the convention and its entry into force. I was totally surprised when I found out so many International business law issues are covered in this topic. The sports betting markets are similar to the stock market, where odds movement de- pends on the performance of the teams and players. The insider trading is similar to the match-fixing, where a pre-match information for the result is used in order to achieve a great profit. Memorandums of understanding between betting companies, sports governing bodies and public authorities are used to cover the lack of regulation in this area. In the same time there is a need of acceleration of negotiations for the ratification of the convention due to the spreading of the phenomenon of sports manipulation. Key words: major manipulations, harmful aspects, existing problems, legalizing sports gambling, ethics of sports

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Holden, John T. "The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act and the Exemption for Fantasy Sports." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 28, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22335.

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In 2006, Congress passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act. Contained within the finance and banking statute designed to curb the ability of gambling websites to process payments was an exemption for certain forms of fantasy sports games. The so-called fantasy sports exemption was widely misperceived as a blanket exemption legalizing all compliant fantasy sports games, this proved to be false as various state attorney generals, beginning in 2015, began to examine whether daily fantasy sports games were compliant with state gambling laws. This brought renewed focus to the statute, which was often credited with inspiring the daily fantasy sports boom. This paper examines the origins of the inclusion of the fantasy sports exemption in proposed statutes pre-dating the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act and examines the archival materials associated with Senator Richard Bryan, who introduced the fantasy sports exemption, and proposes that the fantasy sports amendment may have been included to broach First Amendment concerns rather than to appease the interests of the National Football League or Major League Baseball, as has been suggested previously.

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Miller, Lori K., and Cathryn L. Claussen. "Online Sports Gambling-Regulation or Prohibition?" Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 11, no. 2 (July 2001): 99–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jlas.11.2.99.

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McGowan, Richard. "The Dilemma that is Sports Gambling." Gaming Law Review and Economics 18, no. 7 (September 2014): 670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glre.2014.1875.

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LaPlante, Debi A., Anja Schumann, Richard A. LaBrie, and Howard J. Shaffer. "Population trends in Internet sports gambling." Computers in Human Behavior 24, no. 5 (September 2008): 2399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.015.

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Shead, N. Will, Jeffrey L. Derevensky, and Thomas S. Paskus. "Trends in Gambling Behavior among College Student-Athletes: A Comparison of 2004 and 2008 NCAA Survey Data." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.18.

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Two large samples of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes in 2004 (N = 18,916) and 2008 (N = 17,675) were surveyed about their gambling behavior. A cross-comparison highlighted gambling trends among college-student athletes across the four-year span. Overall, past-year and weekly gambling rates were lower in 2008 compared to 2004. There were no within-gender differences in the proportion of individuals at-risk or meeting criteria for a gambling problem between 2004 (4.0% males, 0.3% females) and 2008 (3.8% males, 0.4% females). Participation rates were higher in 2004 for all gambling activities, except for past-year Internet gambling and sports wagering, which increased in 2008 among males. Across sports, gambling participation was notably highest among golfers of both genders. Collectively, the results suggest that gambling activity among student-athletes is on a downward trend in spite of ongoing expansion of gambling opportunities.

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Bisson, Mitchell. "Sports gambling in the USA: why PASPA should be repealed and sports gambling should be legalised." International Journal of Private Law 3, no. 1/2 (2010): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpl.2010.029606.

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Hing, Nerilee, Matthew Lamont, Peter Vitartas, and Elian Fink. "Sports-Embedded Gambling Promotions: A Study of Exposure, Sports Betting Intention and Problem Gambling Amongst Adults." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 13, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-014-9519-9.

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Ricijaš, Neven, Dora Dodig Hundrić, Aleksandra Huić, and Valentina Kranželić. "Youth Gambling in Croatia - Frequency of Gambling and the Occurrence of Problem Gambling." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 24, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.24.2.3.

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The main aim of this study was to explore the frequency of gambling and gambling-related problems among Croatian high school students. The specific objectives have been to explore gender differences, and differences in the frequency and severity of gambling problems regarding grade/age and type of school program. The study included n=2.702 high school students from all for grades and all three types of high school programs (3- and 4-year vocational/professional schools, and grammar schools) from 7 cities (Zagreb, Osijek, Rijeka, Split, Vinkovci, Slavonski Brod and Koprivnica) with equal representation of boys (n=1.330, 49.2%) and girls (n=1.372, 50.8%). The respondents’ mean age was Mage = 16.51 (SDage=1.17). The following instruments were used: Questionnaire on general socio-demographic data, Gambling activities questionnaire (Ricijaš, Dodig, Huić, & Kranželić, 2011) and the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory - CAGI (Tremblay, Stinchfield, Wiebe, & Wynne, 2010). Results show that the lifetime prevalence of gambling among Croatian high-school students is 72.9%. The most prevalent games of chance are sports betting and lottery games, with sports betting being the most frequent of these activities. As much as 12.9% adolescents have already developed serious adverse gambling related consequences. Boys have significantly higher problem gambling rates than girls, while the effects of differences regarding the type of school and grade/age are relatively low. The results provide important baseline data for future research, interventions design, and for the improvement of social policy and legislation.

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Fu, Hin-Ngai, Eva Monson, and Ross Otto. "The Relationship Between Unexpected Outcomes and Lottery Gambling Rates in a Large Canadian Metropolitan Area." Critical Gambling Studies 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs28.

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The purchase of lottery tickets is widespread in Canada, yet little research has directly examined when and why individuals engage in lottery gambling. By leveraging a large urban dataset of lottery sales in Toronto, Canada, and using a simple computational framework popular in psychology, we examined whether city residents gamble more when local outcomes are better than expected; for example, wins by local sports teams or amounts of sunshine based on recent weather history. We found that unexpectedly sunny days predict increased rates of fixed-prize lottery gambling. The number of local sports team wins also predicted increased purchase rates of fixed-prize lottery, but unexpected positive outcomes in sports did not. Our results extend previous findings examining the linkage between sunshine and gambling in metropolitan areas beyond the US, but do not fully replicate the previously observed relationships between unexpected sports outcomes and gambling in US cities. These results suggest that the observed malleability of lottery gambling in response to incidental events in the gambler’s environment may vary considerably across geographies.

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Hunt, Kate, Nathan Critchlow, Ashley Brown, Christopher Bunn, Fiona Dobbie, Craig Donnachie, Cindy M. Gray, et al. "Protocol for a Mixed-Method Investigation of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Gambling Practices, Experiences and Marketing in the UK: The “Betting and Gaming COVID-19 Impact Study”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 8449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228449.

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The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented restrictions on people’s movements and interactions, as well as the cancellation of major sports events and social activities, directly altering the gambling landscape. There is urgent need to provide regulators, policy makers and treatment providers with evidence on the patterns and context of gambling during COVID-19 and its aftermath. This protocol describes a study addressing the following three questions: (1) How has COVID-19 changed gambling practices and the risk factors for, and experience of, gambling harms? (2) What is the effect of COVID-19 on gambling marketing? (3) How has COVID-19 changed high risk groups’ gambling experiences and practices? This mixed-method study focuses on two groups, namely young adults and sports bettors. In workpackage-1, we will extend an existing longitudinal survey of gambling in young adults (aged 16–24 years) (first wave conducted June–August 2019), adding COVID-19-related questions to the second wave (July–August 2020) and extending to a third wave in 2021; and undertake a survey of sports bettors in the UK (baseline n = 4000, ~July–August 2020), with follow-ups in ~October–November 2020 and ~February-March 2021. In workpackage-2, we will examine changes in expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising from January 2019 to July 2021 and undertake a mixed-method content analysis of a random sample of paid-for gambling advertising (n ~ 200) and social media marketing (n ~ 100) during the initial COVID-19 “lockdown”. Workpackage-3 will involve qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of (a) young adults (aged 18–24 years) and (b) sports bettors.

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Bereznyak, Vasyl, and Violeta Rets. "Application of criminal law for illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions in the era of legalization of games." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-218-224.

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The scientific article examines the issue of legal correctness of criminal law and certain rules of law, which regulates the prohibition of illegal influence on the results of official sports competitions, as well as a number of risks that may arise in connection with the legalization of gambling, including bookmaking (sports betting) as a derivative of gambling. Criminal law is constantly updated to meet the requirements of the time. The same applies to the ban on sports betting, which contains a number of features. This study analyzes the specific risks created by the legislator during the implementation of the relevant norm. Examining criminal liability for manipulating the results of official competitions and formulating proposals to improve the criminal law on this topic, it is clear that the legalization of gambling, and espe-cially bookmaking, may be a question of criminal liability for participation in sports betting. It turns out that for the existence of criminal law there is no special rule that regulates the prohibition of gambling, including bookmaking. Article 369-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine can be prosecuted only on the grounds of influencing the results of official sports competitions and receiving benefits as a result of such acts; violation of the ban on sports betting. With the legalization of bookmaking, betting on sports will become even easier as well as avoiding further criminal liability. The legalization of any recently banned activity is used to expand the budget replenishment, because the gambling business, like any other, must pay taxes, but it is reasonable to think that expanding the budget is not to encourage gambling, and industry development and agriculture, stimulating the economy, etc.

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Mao, Luke Lunhua, James J. Zhang, and Daniel P. Connaughton. "Sports gambling as consumption: Evidence from demand for sports lottery." Sport Management Review 18, no. 3 (August 2015): 436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.11.006.

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Spapens, Toine, and Marjan Olfers. "Match-fixing: The Current Discussion in Europe and the Case of The Netherlands." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 23, no. 4 (November 17, 2015): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-23032077.

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Match-fixing is a topic that captures the imagination of the public and increasingly attracts academic interest as well. Manipulation of sports games can be sports related, to achieve a better result for the team or a player, or gambling related to gain financially from the outcome. This paper describes the results of an empirical study of match-fixing in The Netherlands and analyses the main risk factors involved. These are social relations of persons involved in sports with criminals; the availability of the game for betting; financial difficulties of clubs, players and others who can influence the outcome of a match, and gambling addiction. Currently, match-fixing is high on the agenda of sports associations, gambling operators and government institutions on both the national and international levels. The ‘Convention on the manipulation of sports competitions’ drawn up by the Council of Europe encompasses a broad range of measures and can be viewed as the leading international initiative to curb match-fixing. Finally, we argue that the importance of sports in society requires more thorough and comparative empirical research of the scope and nature of the problem, on non-gambling related match-fixing, and on the relationship between sports-betting and manipulation.

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Lopez-Gonzalez, Hibai, Ana Estévez, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Marketing and Advertising Online Sports Betting: A Problem Gambling Perspective." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 41, no. 3 (April 22, 2017): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723517705545.

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In this article, online sports betting is explored with the objective of critically examining the potential impact on problem gambling of the emerging product features and advertising techniques used to market it. First, the extent of the issue is assessed by reviewing the sports betting prevalence rates and its association with gambling disorders, acknowledging the methodological difficulties of an unambiguous identification of what exactly constitutes sports-related gambling today. Second, the main changes in the marketization of online betting products are outlined, with specific focus on the new situational and structural characteristics that such products present along with the convergence of online betting with other adjacent products. Third, some of the most prevalent advertising master narratives employed by the betting industry are introduced, and the implications for problem gamblers and minors are discussed.

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Vaczi, Janos, and Peter Berkes. "Integrating Communication and Marketing Efforts to Influence Governmental Sport Funding: An Analysis of an Innovative Sport-Financing Program in Hungary." International Journal of Sport Communication 3, no. 1 (March 2010): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.1.12.

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In Hungary, sports do not appropriately act as a social and economic catalyst in the key market segments—leisure sports and spectator sports. To date, despite the media’s increasing role in sports sponsorships, no coherent model has been presented to improve Hungary’s chronically underfunded sport industry by raising extra funds. The reviewed international literature fails to provide a consistent and uniform model. The first part of the study describes the history of Hungary’s sport industry in the past 20 years. An examination of the background of sports funding is followed by a description of key directions in funding practices. The focus is on providing a high-level introduction to the various funding systems. The conclusion is that with the necessary communication and media support, a new gambling-related, government-controlled sport-marketing program can provide extra funds for Olympic sports federations and the sport industry in general.

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Rodenberg, Ryan M., and Anastasios Kaburakis. "Legal and Corruption Issues in Sports Gambling." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 23, no. 1 (February 2013): 8–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jlas.23.1.8.

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Perez, Levi. "Introduction - Gambling economics and management: some insights into recent developments in gambling-related research." Economics and Business Letters 7, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.7.4.2018.126-128.

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There are several arguments why the economic and management analysis of gambling seems to be very interesting. Gambling is a relevant worldwide market from which either local or national governments obtain resources due to some sort of fiscal imposition on gambling participation. On the other hand, gambling is also a social phenomenon with potential risks to society and the consumption of gambling seems to violate the premises of economic theory (risk aversion, maximizing and rational conduct). The aim of this special issue is to provide an outlet for recent developments in gambling-related research encompassing topics on sports betting, responsible gambling, lottery markets and online gambling, among others.

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Derevensky, Jeffrey Lee, David McDuff, Claudia L. Reardon, Brian Hainline, Mary E. Hitchcock, and Jeremie Richard. "Problem gambling and associated mental health concerns in elite athletes: a narrative review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 12 (May 31, 2019): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100668.

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Opportunities to participate in gambling have dramatically changed during the past 20 years. Casinos have proliferated as have electronic gambling machines, lotteries, sports betting, and most recently online gambling. Gambling among the general population has moved from being perceived negatively to a socially acceptable pastime. As over 80% of individuals have reported gambling for money during their lifetime, governments recognise that regulating gambling—a multibillion dollar industry—is a significant source of revenue. While the vast majority of individuals engaged in some form of gambling have no or few gambling-related problems, an identifiable proportion of both adolescents and adults experience significant gambling-related problems. Elite athletes have not been immune to the lure of gambling nor its concomitant problems. Prevalence studies suggest higher rates of gambling problems among athletes than the general population. In this narrative review, we examine several risk factors associated with gambling problems among elite athletes and new forms of gambling that may be problematic for this population. Given the potential serious mental health and performance consequences associated with a gambling disorder for athletes, we aim to increase coaches’, athletic directors’ and health professionals’ knowledge concerning the importance of screening and treatment referrals.

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Bridges, F. Stephen, and C. Bennett Williamson. "Legalized Gambling and Crime in Canada." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3 (December 2004): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3.747-753.

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In the 10 provinces and 2 territories of Canada in 2000, but not in 1990, the total number of types of gambling activities was positively associated with rates of robbery ( p < .05). Controls for other social variables did not eliminate these associations. With so many correlations in the present study the likelihood of a Type I error was quite large. Alpha was adjusted to control that likelihood. Statistical analysis now required even stronger evidence before concluding that there were significant relationships between crime and gambling variables or among gambling variables. In the 10 provinces of Canada in 1999/2000, the total numbers of electronic gambling machines for each province was associated with rates of theft over $5000 ( p < .01). In 1990 there were positive associations found for burglary with off-track betting and race/sportsbooks; motor vehicle theft with off-track betting, and race/sportsbooks; rate of theft with casinos; quarter horse racing with thoroughbred racing. In 2000 there were positive associations for robbery with casinos and slot machines; casinos with slot machines; scratch tickets with raffles, break-open tickets, sports tickets, and charitable bingo; raffles with break-open tickets, sports tickets, and charitable bingo; break-open tickets with sports tickets; charitable bingo with break-open tickets and sports tickets.

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Gonzálvez-Vallés, Juan Enrique, José Daniel Barquero-Cabrero, David Caldevilla-Domínguez, and Almudena Barrientos-Báez. "Tipsters and Addiction in Spain. Young People’s Perception of Influencers on Online Sports Gambling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116152.

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This research analyzes young people’s perception of the presence of tipsters as influencers on online sports gambling and whether their presence can promote addiction to this activity. To achieve this goal, we designed a questionnaire that was administered to young people in public universities in Madrid, being answered by 1032 individuals, out of whom 613 claimed to be regular bettors. We proceeded to the factor analysis of the variables with a high or very high correlation, and results showed that young people perceive a clear relationship between gambling and addiction. An even more enlightening aspect is the result that links tipsters with addiction to online sports gambling; young people’s perception correlates both concepts with extraordinary strength. This study’s main conclusion makes it clear that there is a huge amount of influence of tipsters on the world of online sports betting, as well as the risk of marrying these two concepts, since young people perceive that either they or others could be initiated into the world of problem gambling.

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Holden, John. "Editor's Note: The Sports Gambling (anti) Federalist Papers." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 30, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24251.

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The foundation for this special issue was laid when the U.S. Supreme Court announced on May 14, 2018, that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (“PASPA”) violated the anti-commandeering principle contained within the Tenth Amendment. The decision in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association opened the door for states around the country to begin legalizing sports wagering for the first time in more than 25 years. The response to this newfound opportunity has been met with enthusiasm, with more than 15 states passing legislation to legalize sports gambling of various types within their borders in just over two years. The excitement over sports betting has not gone unnoticed by Congress, which, in September 2018, held a hearing titled “Post-PASPA: An Examination of Sports Betting in America.” The hearing sparked debate over what role the federal government should have in a new world where sports betting could be regulated across the country, as opposed to being confined largely to Nevada.

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Dwyer, Brendan, Joris Drayer, and Stephen L. Shapiro. "To Play or Not to Play? An Analysis of Dispositions, Gambling, and Daily Fantasy Sport." Journal of Sport Management 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0115.

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Following a mega-advertising blitz in the late summer of 2015, daily fantasy sports (DFSs) entered a maturing fantasy sports market as a new, highly accessible, and potentially lucrative alternative to traditional, season-long fantasy sports. The two activities share a name but represent substantially different business models. In the view of some policy makers and state legislatures, DFS appeared to resemble a new form of sports wagering and as a result, several U.S. states banned the activity. The current study examined the consumption behavior differences and gambling-related dispositions of those fantasy participants who play DFS and those who do not. A total of 314 fantasy football participants were surveyed, and the results contribute to what we know about gambling and DFS participation. Although distinct differences were found between the two groups, the overall assessment of the findings suggest DFS participation appears to align more with highly involved traditional, season-long fantasy sports participation than other forms of gambling.

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Håkansson, Anders, Artin Entezarjou, Göran Kenttä, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, and Björn Gunnarsson. "Problem Gambling in the Fitness World—A General Population Web Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041342.

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The world of sports has a complex association to problem gambling, and the sparse research examining problem gambling in athletes has suggested an increased prevalence and particularly high male predominance. The present study aimed to study frequency and correlates of problem gambling in populations with moderate to high involvement in fitness or physical exercise. This is a self-selective online survey focusing on addictive behaviors in physical exercise distributed by ‘fitness influencers’ on social media and other online fitness forums to their followers. Respondents were included if they reported exercise at least thrice weekly, were above 15 years of age, and provided informed consent (N = 3088). Problem gambling, measured with the Lie/Bet, was studied in association with demographic data, substance use, and mental health variables. The occurrence of lifetime problem gambling was 8 percent (12 percent in men, one percent in women). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male gender, younger age, risky alcohol drinking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and less frequent exercise habits. In conclusion, in this self-recruited population with moderate to high fitness involvement, problem gambling was moderately elevated. As shown previously in elite athletes, the male predominance was larger than in the general population. The findings strengthen the link between problem gambling and the world of sports.

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Lee, Yeonho, Taek-Hee Cho, Young-Mok Bae, and Young-Hwa Park. "Does Legalized Gambling Industry Substitute Illegal Gambling?: A Case Study on Sports Betting." Korea International Trade Research Institute 14, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.14.1.201802.303.

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Nasution, Muhammad Mahmud. "TELAAH DAN ANALISIS PERJUDIAN DARI SISI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/multidisipliner.v4i1.920.

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Gambling, which has existed since the existence of human civilization, developed along with human development. It provides insight on men that gambling seemed to be commonplace to be implemented. Lack of attention from law enforcement agencies and government as well as the absence of the intention of the community to deal with gambling as the main reason gambling still exist in people's everyday lives. Gambling harm to the livelihoods and lives of the people , nation and state. Kinds and forms of gambling are now widespread in people's everyday lives . Originally performed clandestinely but not for this current situation that has been done openly or, Even gambling nowadays has become the industry especially in the field of sports.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gambling - Sports'

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