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1

Dick, MW. "A technique for teaching: Gametangial production in Mucor." Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 19, no. 2 (1985): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1528(85)80016-x.

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2

Lee, Lauren, Todd N. Rosenstiel, and Sarah M. Eppley. "Variation of photoperiod response in moss gametangial formation." Bryologist 113, no. 3 (2010): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-113.3.673.

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3

Nguyen Thi, B. N., and G. Turian. "Comparative inhibitory effects of cytochalasins on the gametangial differentiation inAllomyces arbuscula." Folia Microbiologica 38, no. 3 (1993): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02814378.

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4

Brey, Paul T. "Observations of in vitro gametangial copulation and oosporogenesis in Lagenidium giganteum." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 45, no. 3 (1985): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(85)90104-1.

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5

Foissner, I. "Gametangial interaction and oogenesis in the phycomycete Ciliomyces spectabilis (Fungi, Lagenidiales)." Archives of Microbiology 147, no. 2 (1987): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00415275.

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6

Takashio, M., Naoko Yamada, and Masako Osumi. "Note on a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Gametangial Origin in Arthroderma simii." Mycologia 77, no. 1 (1985): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3793265.

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7

HERRERO, ALBERTO, CARMEN PRADA, and SANTIAGO PAJARÓN. "Gametophyte morphology and gametangial ontogeny of Asplenium foreziense and related taxa (Aspleniaceae: Pteridophyta)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139, no. 1 (2002): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00042.x.

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8

Takashio, M., Naoko Yamada, and Masako Osumi. "Note on a Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Gametangial Origin in Arthroderma Simii." Mycologia 77, no. 1 (1985): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1985.12025079.

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9

COESEL, PETER, ANDRÉ VANHOOF, and KOOS MEESTERS. "Zygospore morphology in the conjugating green alga Spirotaenia diplohelica (Streptophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae)." Phytotaxa 329, no. 3 (2017): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.3.10.

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The zygospore of the saccoderm desmid Spirotaenia diplohelica is described for the first time. The spore is most peculiar, for surrounded by a series of transparent, conical projections. In that feature it very much resembles the zygospore of Spirotaenia truncata. Contrary to Spirotaenia condensata and Spirotaenia obscura, no twin zygospores are produced and walls of empty gametangial cells do not solve in an early stage but tend to stick to the zygospore for some time. In view of those essentially different modes of sexual reproduction it is not to be excluded that species in the traditional
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10

Phillips, J. A., and M. N. Clayton. "Comparative studies on gametangial distribution and structure in species ofZonariaandHomoeostrichus(Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Australia." European Journal of Phycology 32, no. 1 (1997): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541449710001719345.

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11

KUMRA, SUMAN, and R. N. CHOPRA. "Combined Effect of Some Growth Regulators on Growth and Gametangial Formation in the LiverwortRiccia gangeticaAhmad." Journal of Experimental Botany 37, no. 10 (1986): 1552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/37.10.1552.

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12

VILLAS-BÔAS, ALEXANDRE BIGGIO, RAFAEL RIOSMENA-RODRIGUEZ, FREDERICO TAPAJÓS DE SOUZA TÂMEGA, GILBERTO AMADO-FILHO, GAVIN MANEVELDT, and MARCIA FIGUEIREDO. "Rhodolith-forming species of the subfamilies Neogoniolithoideae and Hydrolithoideae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) from Espírito Santo State, Brazil." Phytotaxa 222, no. 3 (2015): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.3.1.

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The taxonomy of the rhodolith-forming species of non-geniculate coralline algae from the subfamilies Neogoniolithoideae and Hydrolithoideae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) found from Espírito Santo State, Brazil, was evaluated based on extensive subtidal sampling. A comparative analysis of the Brazilian material to other recently described species lead us to conclude that one relatively well-known species, namely Hydrolithon rupestre, a conferatum species Neogoniolithon cf. brassica-florida and a probably new species of the genus Hydrolithon, are present in the area. All three species can be distin
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13

Kerwin, James L., and Robert K. Washino. "Oosporogenesis by Lagenidium giganteum: induction and maturation are regulated by calcium and calmodulin." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 8 (1986): 663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-123.

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Induction and maturation of the sexual stage (oospores) of the facultative mosquito parasite Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) are complex developmental processes regulated by calcium-dependent events. Use of developmentally synchronized cultures of L. giganteum allowed stage-specific disruption of calcium metabolism. A calcium chelator (EGTA), an ionophore (chlortetracycline), and inhibitors of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (dibucaine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine) disrupted several discrete developmental steps associated with oosporogenesis: induction of antheridia,
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14

Henne, Katharina-Dorothee, and Reinhard Schnetter. "Revision of the Pseudobryopsis/Trichosolen complex (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) based on features of gametangial behavior and chloroplasts." Phycologia 38, no. 2 (1999): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-38-2-114.1.

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15

Dick, Michael W. "Sexual reproduction in the Peronosporomycetes (chromistan fungi)." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-314.

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An overview of sexual reproduction in the Peronosporomycetes leads to the recognition of constant features and variable traits. Variation in characters is accorded different weighting depending on its use for taxonomic identification or phylogenetic systematics. The phylogenetic significance of features of gametangial morphogenesis, such as vacuolation and the patterns of nuclear meioses and abortions, can be related to morphological characters such as the persistence of periplasm and oogonial and oospore wall deposition. The cellular reorganization occurring in the oogonium and oospores, part
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16

NELSON, WENDY A., KATE F. NEILL, BRENTON A. TWIST, and JUDY E. SUTHERLAND. "A new genus and species in the Sporolithales (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) from northern New Zealand: Roseapetra farriae sp. nov. ." Phytotaxa 490, no. 1 (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.3.

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A new genus in the order Sporolithales (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta), Roseapetra farriae gen. et sp. nov. is described, based on material from northern New Zealand. Previously placed in the genus Heydrichia on the basis of morpho-anatomical characters, phylogenetic analyses have shown that this northern New Zealand taxon is not resolved with either Heydrichia or Sporolithon, the two genera currently recognized in this order. Roseapetra displays the key diagnostic features of the order, namely the production of cruciately divided tetrasporangia singly within calcified sporangial compartments.
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17

Cvitanich, Cristina, and Howard S. Judelson. "A Gene Expressed during Sexual and Asexual Sporulation in Phytophthora infestans Is a Member of the Puf Family of Translational Regulators." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 3 (2003): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.3.465-473.2003.

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ABSTRACT A gene from Phytophthora infestans that was previously identified as being induced during the development of sexual spores was also found to be active during asexual sporulation. The gene, M90, was expressed as a 3.1-kb primary transcript containing two introns and was predicted to encode a member of the Puf family of translational regulators. The protein showed up to 51% amino acid identity to other Puf proteins within its 353-amino-acid RNA-binding domain. Little similarity extended beyond this region, as noted for other members of the family. Expression of M90 was measured by using
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18

Vashistha, B. D., and R. N. Chopra. "Effect of some amino acids and complex organic nitrogenous substances on vegetative growth and gametangial formation in the female clone of Riccia frostii aust." Plant Science 48, no. 3 (1987): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(87)90087-2.

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19

Johansen, HW, and HBS Womersley. "Jania (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in southern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 7, no. 6 (1994): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940605.

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The coralline algal genus Jania Lamouroux (tribe Janieae, subfamily Corallinoideae, family Corallinaceae) contains six species on southern Australian coasts: J. micrarthrodia Lamouroux, J. pulchella (Harvey) comb. nov., J. pusilla (Sonder) Yendo, J. verrucosa Lamouroux, and two new species, J. minuta and J. parva. These species are segregated primarily on vegetative characters pertaining to fronds, intergenicula, branching, medullary organisation, and substrate preference, with reproductive features used in some cases. Four of the species are, as far as known, endemic to southern Australia: J.
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20

Badillo-Ponce, G., S. P. Fernández-Pavía, N. J. Grünwald, E. Garay-Serrano, G. Rodríguez-Alvarado, and H. Lozoya-Saldaña. "First Report of Blight on Ipomoea purpurea Caused by Phytophthora ipomoeae." Plant Disease 88, no. 11 (2004): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.11.1283c.

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Several wild species of Ipomoea grow in the central highlands of Mexico. During the summer of 1999, in Metepec, Mexico, blighted leaves and petioles of Ipomoea purpurea were collected from diseased plants and placed in a moist chamber to induce sporulation. Sporangia that formed on the lesions were transferred with a piece of agar to selective rye agar medium (2). Phytophthora ipomoeae was consistently isolated. Species identification was based on sporangial and gametangial characteristics of five cultures grown on rye agar. Sporangia were mainly ellipsoid but occasionally ovoid, semipapillate
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21

Fernández-Pavía, S. P., G. Rodríguez-Alvarado, A. López-Ordaz, and Y. L. Fernández-Pavía. "First Report of Phytophthora capsici Causing Wilt on Hydropronically Grown Cucumber in Mexico." Plant Disease 90, no. 12 (2006): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1552c.

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During August 2005, wilted cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Tasty Green) plants were observed in a commercial greenhouse with a closed hydroponic system in the state of Mexico. Disease incidence was 50%. Diseased plants were detected 15 days after transplanting, when plants were overwatered. Yield was severely reduced when disease affected mature plants. Wilted plants showed basal stem lesions and root rot. Phytophthora capsici was consistently isolated from diseased tissue on corn meal agar (CMA) with tartaric acid. Oomycete identification was based on sporangial and gametangial characteristics
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22

Nour-El-Deen, Samar. "Anomalous gametangia inFissidensfrom Egypt." Journal of Bryology 33, no. 3 (2011): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743282011y.0000000019.

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23

Sánchez, M. E., S. Andicoberry, and A. Trapero. "Phytophthora Root Rot of Aleppo Pine Seedlings in a Forest Nursery in Spain." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (2002): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.563c.

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Since 1993, more than 120,000 ha of former agricultural lands has been forested in southern Spain. However, there is a lack of information about the etiology of the diseases affecting nursery seedlings in the region. During 1998 and 1999, death of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedlings was associated with episodes of excess water. The plants were grown in containers in fertilized peat under shade cloth and remained waterlogged for long periods. A few weeks before their scheduled planting in the field, the plants exhibited needle wilting, extensive root necrosis, and root death. Phytophthora
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24

Brasier, Clive, and Susan Kirk. "Production of gametangia by Phytophthora ramorum in vitro." Mycological Research 108, no. 7 (2004): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756204000565.

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25

Pujos, José. "Systèmes de croisement et fécondité chez le Sphagnum." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 10 (1994): 1528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-188.

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Sexuality is most often preserved in Sphagnum while asexual reproduction remains responsible for the perennity and multiplication of the species. Sexual reproduction success was assessed for two diecious species and four monecious – polyecious species, using fertilization rates, reproduction rates, and success of the reproduction. The effects of different crossing processes on the preceding parameters were emphasized. Accordingly, gynoecium numbers, archegone numbers per gynoecium, and sporogonia occurrences were assessed in more than 3500 capitula. Variable distribution of gametangia within c
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26

Fernández-Pavía, S. P., G. Rodríguez-Alvarado, and J. M. Sánchez-Yañez. "Buckeye Rot of Tomato Caused by Phytophthora capsici in Michoacan, Mexico." Plant Disease 87, no. 7 (2003): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.7.872c.

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The state of Michoacan is one of the main fresh pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) producers in Mexico. During the last 5 years, pepper-producing areas in the state have become unproductive due to root-rotting pathogens, mainly Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Growers trying to overcome losses have increased tomato production in areas previously used for pepper production. Field-grown tomato plants with diseased green tomato fruits were observed in Tacambaro, Michoacan, during August 2002. Initially, brown-to-black lesions developed on fruits in contact with so
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27

Phillips, JA. "Taxonomy and reproduction in Australian species of Diliphus (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta)." Australian Systematic Botany 5, no. 6 (1992): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9920657.

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Eight species of Dilophus are recognised for Australia. Detailed descriptions are given for five species, D. fastigiatus, D. gunnianus, D. intermedius, D. marginatus and D. robustus. D. moniliformis and D. crinitus from Western Australia and D. decumbens from subantarctic Macquarie I. remain poorly known. Sporophytes and gametophytes are reported for the five species providing first records of sporophytes of D. robustus, female gametophytes of D. intermedius, and both male and female gametophytes of D. robustus and D. marginatus. The arrangement and structure of sporangia and gametangia have b
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28

DUCKETT, JEFFREY G., and SILVIA PRESSEL. "The Colorful Phenology of Five Common Terricolous Mosses in London, England." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 39, no. 1 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.39.1.8.

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Other than general statements about ‘fruiting’ seasons, published floras provide little or no instructive information on moss phenology. Moreover, detailed primary data on reproductive cycles are limited to a very few mosses and remain unknown for the majority of the commonest species. Thus we recorded, over a three year period, the reproductive stages of five very common mosses (Bryum capillare, B. radiculosum, Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum and Tortula muralis) growing on walls in London, England, relying throughout on freshly observed materials rather than dried specimens used i
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29

Ruano, Sofía, Andrea Seral, Rubén Vázquez, Sonia Molino, and José María Gabriel y Galán. "Gametophytic phase of the Indonesian ferns Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar and Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holttum (Thelypteridaceae)." Botanica Complutensis 45 (May 10, 2021): e73379. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/bocm.73379.

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The gametophytic generation of Amblovenatum immersum and Christella subpubescens (Thelypteridaceae), including spore germination, morphological development of the gametophytes, major vegetative features and reproduction strategies, was studied. For both species, the spore germination was of the Vittaria type and the developmental pattern was of the Drynaria type. Adult gametophytes were cordate and hairy, with unicellular and secretory hairs located in the margins and both the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the prothalli. C. subpubescens has another type of acicular hairs only in the margin of
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30

Podunay, Yulia A., Nickolai A. Davidovich, and Olga I. Davidovich. "Sexual reproduction of Entomoneis cf. paludosa (Bacillariophyta)." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(20) (2019): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2019-2(20)-194-196.

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Sexual reproduction and the life cycle of the marine pennate diatom Entomoneis cf. paludosa are described. The reproduction in this species is characterized by morphological and behavioral isogamy. Two gametangia are involved in the sexual process, each of which produces two gametes.
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31

Renzaglia, Karen Sue, R. Joel Duff, Daniel L. Nickrent, and David J. Garbary. "Vegetative and reproductive innovations of early land plants: implications for a unified phylogeny." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1398 (2000): 769–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0615.

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As the oldest extant lineages of land plants, bryophytes provide a living laboratory in which to evaluate morphological adaptations associated with early land existence. In this paper we examine reproductive and structural innovations in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations of hornworts, liverworts, mosses and basal pteridophytes. Reproductive features relating to spermatogenesis and the architecture of motile male gametes are overviewed and evaluated from an evolutionary perspective. Phylogenetic analyses of a data set derived from spermatogenesis and one derived from comprehensive morp
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32

Ashton, N. W., and M. V. S. Raju. "The distribution of gametangia on gametophores ofPhyscomitrella (Aphanoregma) patensin culture." Journal of Bryology 22, no. 1 (2000): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/jbr.2000.22.1.9.

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33

Mendoza-Ruiz, Aniceto, and Blanca Pérez-García. "Comparative analysis of the sexual phase of Phanerophlebia (Dryopteridaceae) in Mexico." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 5 (2003): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-044.

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A comparative analysis is presented of the spore morphology, germination pattern, and prothallial development of the sexual phase of seven species in the fern genus Phanerophlebia C. Presl. Gametophyte development was studied from samples grown both on agar and soil. Spores are monolete, ellipsoid, with light brown to dark brown perine; the germination pattern is Vittaria-type and the prothallial development is Aspidium-type in all of the species. The gametangia are of the type typical for leptosporangiate ferns. Gametophytes of all species initially become female, then bisexual. Differences a
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34

Nahor, Omri, Cristina F. Morales-Reyes, Gianmaria Califano, Thomas Wichard, Alexander Golberg, and Álvaro Israel. "Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)." Botanica Marina 64, no. 2 (2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0050.

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Abstract Controlling the life cycle of the green macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta) is essential to maintain its efficient aquaculture. A fundamental shift in cultivation occurs by transforming the thallus cells into gametangia and sporangia (sporulation), with the subsequent release of gametes and zoids. Sporulation occurrence depends on algal age and abiotic stimuli and is controlled by sporulation inhibitors. Thus, quantification of sporulation intensity is critical for identifying the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the transition to reproductive growth. Here, we propose to determine t
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35

Naz, Sabrina, and Nasrin Jahan Diba. "Some Morphological Observations of Charophytes (Characeae) from Bangladesh." Journal of Life and Earth Science 7 (August 22, 2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20124.

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Morphologically interesting charophytes were found from Chapai-Nawabgonj and Rajshahi districts in Bangladesh. These are: swollen branchlet of Lamprothamnium papulosum (Wallr.) J. Groves, long stalked gametangia and twin antheridia of Nitella hyalina (DC.) Agardh, bifid bract cells of Chara flaccida A. Braun and bifid end cell of Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20124 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 71-77, 2012
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36

Berger-Perrot, Y., J.-CI Thomas, and M.-Th L'Hardy-Halos. "Gametangia, gametes, fertilization and zygote development in Ulothrix flacca var. roscoffensis (Chlorophyta)." Phycologia 32, no. 5 (1993): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-32-5-356.1.

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37

Muccifora, S., M. Lorito, and P. Gori. "An electron microscope study of gametangia in the green seaweed Halimeda tuna." Giornale botanico italiano 128, no. 6 (1994): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509409436464.

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38

Stratmann, Johannes, Georg Paputsoglu, and Wolfgang Oertel. "DIFFERENTIATION OF ULVA MUTABILIS (CHLOROPHYTA) GAMETANGIA AND GAMETE RELEASE ARE CONTROLLED BY EXTRACELLULAR INHIBITORS1." Journal of Phycology 32, no. 6 (1996): 1009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.01009.x.

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39

Hedenäs, Lars, and Irene Bisang. "Episodic but ample sporophyte production in the moss Drepanocladus turgescens (Bryophyta: Amblystegiaceae) in SE Sweden." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 68, no. 1-2 (2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cszma-2019-0009.

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Abstract In the Baltic area, the long-lived dioicous wetland moss Drepanocladus turgescens (T.Jensen) Broth. produces sporophytes rarely and at irregular intervals. Based on surveys of sporophyte occurrences at 13 sites in two regions in northern Gotland (Sweden) during three to five years, we ask: (1) Is sporophyte formation associated with precipitation and a precipitation index that considers the dry periods during July-August of the preceding year, when gametangia are formed and fertilization occurs? (2) Does the estimated spore output suffice for the species’ long-term persistence of the
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40

Farfán-Santillán, Norberto, Aniceto Mendoza-Ruiz, Blanca Pérez-García, and Ernesto Velázquez-Montes. "Desarrollo de los gametofitos de especies mexicanas de Gleicheniaceae." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 3 (2017): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.26346.

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In Mexico, the Gleicheniaceae family is represented by different species such as Dicranopteris flexuosa, Diplopterygium bancroftii, Gleichenella pectinata, Sticherus bifidus, S. brevipubis, S. palmatus and S. underwoodianus. Currently, few studies have described the gametophytes of some species in this family, and our objective was to contribute to the knowledge, and to describe and compare different aspects of their germination, gametophyte development, and to determine if the prothallus characters are useful for taxonomic delimitations in the group. For this purpose, specimens and spores of
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41

LI, YUHANG, HIDEKAZU SUZUKI, TAMOTSU NAGUMO, and JIRO TANAKA. "Auxosporulation, morphology of vegetative cells and perizonium of Fallacia tenera (Hust.) D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae)." Phytotaxa 164, no. 4 (2014): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.164.4.3.

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Specimens of Fallacia tenera were collected from the surface sediment at in a river estuary in Japan. Auxosporulation occurred in a rough culture. Morphological structures of vegetative cells and auxospores were observed in detail. The vegetative cells have one H-shaped chloroplast. The striae were interrupted by two depressed lateral sterna internally and partly covered by a finely porous conopeum on the external surface. The lateral sterna and porous conopea formed two more or less curved longitudinal canals connecting with the exterior via opening pores on both sides of a terminal fissure.
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BARCELONA, JULIE F., and PIETER B. PELSER. "Phanerosorus (Matoniaceae), a new fern genus record for the Philippines." Phytotaxa 170, no. 2 (2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.170.2.6.

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The fern family Matoniaceae C. Presl (1847: 32) is a small group composed of only two genera, Matonia R. Brown in Wallich (1829: 16) and Phanerosorus Copeland (1909: 344) with three or four species characterized by rhizomes with polycyclic solenosteles covered with thick uniseriate hairs, anastomosing veins in fertile parts of the lamina, peltate and fugacious indusia, relatively large sporangia and gametangia, and tetrahedral, trilete spores (Kramer 1990, Kato & Setoguchi 1998). The two genera differ from each other in leaf architecture (pedate in Matonia and pinnate in Phanerosorus), hab
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43

Rolleri, C. H., C. Prada, J. M. Gabriel y Galán, L. M. Passarelli, and M. M. Ciciarelli. "Morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta)." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 6 (2010): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09238.

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In the present paper, we provide a revised, comprehensive description of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum Rich., from neo- and paleotropical localities. External and internal characters of the sporophyte were analysed, including axes, laminae, pinnae, indusia and spores. Intercellular pectic connections of the parenchyma of the rhizomes are reported for the first time. In stipes, cell walls of the aerenchyma tissue contain filamentous protuberances that are composed primarily of cellulose but contain also fatty substances. The morphology of the gametophyte,
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44

L. D’AMICO, Silvana, Patricia I. LEONARDI, and Eduardo J. CÁCERES. "Ultrastructure of multicellular dwarf males with external gametangium in Oedogonium macrandrium (Oedogoniales, Chlorophyta)." BIOCELL 37, no. 3 (2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2013.37.085.

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45

Phillips, J. A., and M. N. Clayton. "Biflagellate spermatozoids in the Dictyotales: the structure of gametes and gametangia in Zonaria angustata (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta)." Phycologia 30, no. 2 (1991): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-30-2-205.1.

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46

Quodt, Vanessa, Wolfram Faigl, Heinz Saedler, and Thomas Münster. "The MADS-domain protein PPM2 preferentially occurs in gametangia and sporophytes of the moss Physcomitrella patens." Gene 400, no. 1-2 (2007): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.05.016.

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Mandoli, Dina F., Adam Wexler, Jill Teschmacher, and Annette Zukowski. "BRIEF INCUBATION OF GAMETANGIA-BEARING CAPS IN ANTIBIOTICS ELIMINATES BRANCHING IN PROGENY OF ACETABULARIA ACETABULUM (CHLOROPHYTA)1." Journal of Phycology 31, no. 5 (1995): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00844.x.

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48

Elwy, Esmat Elwy Aly. "Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and reproduction in the fungus Dipodascopsis uninucleata." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (1989): 2425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-311.

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Different concentrations of IAA, GA3, 4CPA, kinetin, and 2,4-D were used to study their effect on growth and reproduction in Dipodascopsis uninucleata. Most of the concentrations of IAA, kinetin, and 2,4-D tested promoted growth, whereas GA3 had no effect. All substances used stimulated lateral branch formation and 2,4-D had the greatest effect. Most concentrations of the growth regulators either inhibited or had no effect on ascus formation; only 10−8 M 4CPA, 10−6 M 2,4-D, and 10−6 M GA3 enhanced ascus formation. The percentage of hyphae with aborted gametangia increased in cultures treated w
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Casanova, Michelle T., and Kenneth G. Karol. "A revision of Chara sect. Protochara, comb. et stat. nov. (Characeae: Charophyceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 1 (2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13016.

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A revision of a group of ecorticate species of Chara is presented, on the basis of fresh, pressed and spirit-preserved material. The following seven species are recognised, characterised by a very simple morphology, with few or inconspicuous accessory cells (cortication, stipulodes, bract cells, bracteoles) and large gametangia: Chara australis R.Br., C. lucida (A.Braun) Casanova & Karol comb et. stat. nov., C. porteri Casanova, sp. nov., C. protocharoides Casanova & Karol, nom. nov. (=Protochara australis Womersley & Ophel) and C. stuartiana (Kütz.) Casanova & Karol comb. et.
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ROMANOV, ROMAN E., and SHAMIL R. ABDULLIN. "Chara kirghisorum (Charales): lectotypification, first reliable record in Europe and update of species distribution in Russia." Phytotaxa 362, no. 2 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.8.

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Charophytes are commonly easily recognizable plants irrespective of their size due to the recurrent combination of very similar parts within their thalli. A few species are outstanding due to their unusual whip-like appearance with regularly distributed small nodules on the stems formed with whorls of short and nearly rudimentary branchlets. The central and north-European Chara filiformis A. Braun in Hertzsch (1855: 81) and mainly Middle-Asian C. kirghisorum Lessing (1834: 212) are examples of this distinctive habit. The species differ essentially in gametangia arrangement as well as in their
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