Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gamma camera

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Gamma camera'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Hu, Yifan, Zhenlei Lyu, Peng Fan, Tianpeng Xu, Shi Wang, Yaqiang Liu, and Tianyu Ma. "A Wide Energy Range and 4π-View Gamma Camera with Interspaced Position-Sensitive Scintillator Array and Embedded Heavy Metal Bars." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020953.

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(1) Background: Gamma cameras have wide applications in industry, including nuclear power plant monitoring, emergency response, and homeland security. The desirable properties of a gamma camera include small weight, good resolution, large field of view (FOV), and wide imageable source energy range. Compton cameras can have a 4π FOV but have limited sensitivity at low energy. Coded-aperture gamma cameras are operatable at a wide photon energy range but typically have a limited FOV and increased weight due to the thick heavy metal collimators and shielding. In our lab, we previously proposed a 4π-view gamma imaging approach with a 3D position-sensitive detector, with which each detector element acts as the collimator for other detector elements. We presented promising imaging performance for 99mTc, 18F, and 137Cs sources. However, the imaging performance for middle- and high-energy sources requires further improvement. (2) Methods: In this study, we present a new gamma camera design to achieve satisfactory imaging performance in a wide gamma energy range. The proposed gamma camera consists of interspaced bar-shaped GAGG (Ce) crystals and tungsten absorbers. The metal bars enhance collimation for high-energy gamma photons without sacrificing the FOV. We assembled a gamma camera prototype and conducted experiments to evaluate the gamma camera’s performance for imaging 57Co, 137Cs, and 60Co point sources. (3) Results: Results show that the proposed gamma camera achieves a positioning accuracy of <3° for all gamma energies. It can clearly resolve two 137Cs point sources with 10° separation, two 57Co and two 60Co point sources with 20° separation, as well as a 2 × 3 137Cs point-source array with 20° separation. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that the proposed gamma camera design has comprehensive merits, including portability, 4π-view FOV, and good angular resolution across a wide energy range. The presented approach has promising potential in nuclear security applications.
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Pilsworth, R. C. "Gamma camera installations." Equine Veterinary Education 11, no. 5 (October 1999): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00957.x.

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Perkins, Alan. "The gamma camera." Nuclear Medicine Communications 35, no. 2 (February 2014): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0000000000000031.

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WELLS, C. P., and M. BUXTON-THOMAS. "Gamma camera purchasing." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 3 (March 1995): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199503000-00010.

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WELLS, C. P., and M. BUXTON-THOMAS. "Gamma camera purchasing." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 3 (March 1995): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199516030-00010.

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Baek, Seung-Hae, Pathum Rathnayaka, and Soon-Yong Park. "Calibration of a Stereo Radiation Detection Camera Using Planar Homography." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8928096.

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This paper proposes a calibration technique of a stereo gamma detection camera. Calibration of the internal and external parameters of a stereo vision camera is a well-known research problem in the computer vision society. However, few or no stereo calibration has been investigated in the radiation measurement research. Since no visual information can be obtained from a stereo radiation camera, it is impossible to use a general stereo calibration algorithm directly. In this paper, we develop a hybrid-type stereo system which is equipped with both radiation and vision cameras. To calibrate the stereo radiation cameras, stereo images of a calibration pattern captured from the vision cameras are transformed in the view of the radiation cameras. The homography transformation is calibrated based on the geometric relationship between visual and radiation camera coordinates. The accuracy of the stereo parameters of the radiation camera is analyzed by distance measurements to both visual light and gamma sources. The experimental results show that the measurement error is about 3%.
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Fiorini, C., A. Gola, R. Peloso, A. Longoni, P. Lechner, H. Soltau, L. Strüder, et al. "The DRAGO gamma camera." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 4 (April 2010): 044301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3378686.

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Fiorini, C., P. Busca, R. Peloso, A. Abba, A. Geraci, C. Bianchi, G. L. Poli, et al. "The HICAM Gamma Camera." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 59, no. 3 (June 2012): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2012.2192940.

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Gane, J. N., A. Britten, and A. E. A. Joseph. "Petting your gamma camera!" Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 4 (April 1995): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199504000-00067.

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Conners, Amy Lynn, Robert W. Maxwell, Cindy L. Tortorelli, Carrie B. Hruska, Deborah J. Rhodes, Judy C. Boughey, and Wendie A. Berg. "Gamma Camera Breast Imaging Lexicon." American Journal of Roentgenology 199, no. 6 (December 2012): W767—W774. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.8298.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Omar, Ahmed M. "Dynamic imaging with gamma camera PET." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421358.

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In this thesis we consider the task of dynamic imaging using a gcPET system. Our technique is based on a mathematical method (developed for SPECT), which processes all dynamic projection data simultaneously instead of reconstructing a series of static images individually.  The algorithm was modified to account for the extra data that is obtained with gcPET (compared with SPECT).  The method was tested using simulated projection data for both a SPECT and a gcPET geometry.  These studies showed the ability of the code to reconstruct simulated data with a varying range of half-lives.  For SEPCT data the characteristic parameters of half-life (T1/2) and initial activity (A0) were reconstructed with a percentage error of 35.1%, and 40.8% (at 50 iterations) for a 2 minutes half-life, respectively.  The reconstruction of gcPET data showed improvement in half-life and activity compared to SPECT data by 27% and 31%, respectively (at 50 iterations). The method was also extended to enable reconstruction of images in which some regions increased in activity while other regions decreased.  Information of the spatial location of these images was provided in the form of a mask. The method was applied to experimental data.  These data were acquired using a dPET system and re-binned to the gcPET geometry.  The results, obtained from dynamic phantoms, showed that the characteristic behaviour could be recovered and that the code produced satisfactory dynamic images.  The method was also applied to data from a patient with a tumour.  Again, the reconstructed image showed good results compared to the dPET reconstruction.  Time activity curves showed a significant difference between the uptake of tumour and myocardium. Finally, we presented a method to deal with the situation where the activity in certain pixels decreases and then increases during the acquisition.
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Holstensson, Maria. "Quantitative gamma camera imaging for radionuclide therapy dosimetry." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533648.

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Soares, Antonio Jorge Vaz Duarte. "Development of a compact high resolution gamma camera." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349876/.

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The subject of this thesis is the development of new gamma ray imagers for nuclear medicine, in particular for scintimammography. The need for new compact detectors with high spatial resolution led to the design of the wavelength-shifting fibre (WSF) gamma camera, where the position of interaction of gamma rays inside an inorganic scintillator is read out by WSFs. The feasibility of the concept of a WSF gamma camera was assessed by simple analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, based on the known characteristics of the individual components: the wavelength-shifting fibres, the scintillation crystal and the photodetectors. Studies were carried out of the light trapped inside WSFs coupled to CsI(Na) scintillation crystals irradiated by 122 keV gamma rays. The results confirm the feasibility of a WSF gamma camera despite the low light levels trapped in the fibres. Experimental tests of several position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT) of the Hamamatsu R5900 series were performed to assess their suitability for the readout of scintillation crystals and of optical fibres in photon counting mode. The latter application is important for the readout of the WSFs signals in a WSF gamma camera. A WSF gamma camera prototype was built and tested. The R5900-M16 PSPMT was used to read out the signals from WSFs. The results confirm earlier predictions about its performance. In particular, the spatial resolution achieved is comparable to that of modern Anger cameras. It is expected that the inherently flexible design of the camera should allow better positioning around the object than conventional Anger cameras, which is important to optimise the spatial resolution of the system. Monte Carlo simulations show that the use of photodetectors with higher quantum efficiency than PSPMTs would significantly improve the intrinsic spatial resolution. A discussion on the most promising candidates for this application is presented.
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Bugby, Sarah Louise. "Development of a hybrid portable medical gamma camera." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32939.

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A novel small field of view medical gamma camera - the Compact Gamma Camera (CGC) - has been developed at the University of Leicester to provide portable, high-resolution gamma imaging for applications in nuclear medical imaging. The suitability of this camera for medical imaging is investigated through Monte Carlo simulation, phantom studies and preliminary clinical testing. Quality assurance protocols are adapted for use with small field of view gamma cameras. These protocols are then used to provide a full characterisation of the CGC. The CGC is found to compare favourably to other small field of view systems in development. Phantom studies are described which show that the CGC is well suited to intraoperative imaging, particularly for use in sentinel lymph node biopsy. A Monte Carlo model is described that is designed to simulate the response of a pinholecollimated, scintillator-based gamma camera. The model is shown to accurately model sensitivity and spatial resolution. Previously derived analytical models are shown to be unsuitable for modelling finite source profiles and a new analytical model is described which addresses this shortcoming. This model is used to define appropriate test source sizes for the characterisation of small field of view systems. A modified version of the CGC - the Hybrid Compact Gamma Camera (HCGC) - is described which includes an optical imager in a coaligned configuration. The HCGC allows for functional and anatomical images to be obtained simultaneously. The use of hybrid optical-gamma imaging is novel in small field of view cameras and offers new possibilities for assisting surgeons in localising the site of uptake in procedures such as sentinel node detection.
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Farber, Aaron M. "Coded-Aperture Compton Camera for Gamma-Ray Imaging." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311555.

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This dissertation describes the development of a novel gamma-ray imaging system concept and presents results from Monte Carlo simulations of the new design. Current designs for large field-of-view gamma cameras suitable for homeland security applications implement either a coded aperture or a Compton scattering geometry to image a gamma-ray source. Both of these systems require large, expensive position-sensitive detectors in order to work effectively. By combining characteristics of both of these systems, a new design can be implemented that does not require such expensive detectors and that can be scaled down to a portable size. This new system has significant promise in homeland security, astronomy, botany and other fields, while future iterations may prove useful in medical imaging, other biological sciences and other areas, such as non-destructive testing. A proof-of-principle study of the new gamma-ray imaging system has been performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Various reconstruction methods have been explored and compared. General-Purpose Graphics-Processor-Unit (GPGPU) computation has also been incorporated. The resulting code is a primary design tool for exploring variables such as detector spacing, material selection and thickness and pixel geometry. The advancement of the system from a simple 1-dimensional simulation to a full 3-dimensional model is described. Methods of image reconstruction are discussed and results of simulations consisting of both a 4 x 4 and a 16 x 16 object space mesh have been presented. A discussion of the limitations and potential areas of further study is also presented.
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Milster, Thomas Dean 1958. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MODULAR GAMMA CAMERA (NUCLEAR)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298720.

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The Anger camera has been used for the last quarter century in many areas of science to image gamma radiation. Some typical applications include medicine, where functionality of organs are studied in vivo, and industrial inspection of fuel rods for nuclear reactors. The standard Anger geometry includes a large scintillation crystal, light guide, photomultiplier array, and analog processing electronics. Even the most modern gamma cameras built today still use the standard Anger design. The work presented here describes an alternative to the standard gamma-camera design that is flexible enough to be used in a wide variety of applications. Especially in single-photon emmission computed tomography (SPECT) applications, the new design has the potential to be more efficient than the standard design. The new design is modular, that is, several small, separate units comprise a system. Each unit consists of a small gamma camera that is optically and electronically independent from other units. The units, called "modular cameras," can be configured around the region of interest so as to provide the maximum amount of information for reconstruction algorithms or direct information to the operator. The theoretical and experimental investigation of this report focuses on the design and construction of the modular cameras. Each modular camera is, in esscence, a small Anger camera. Components of each module include a scintillation crystal, a light guide, and an array of four photomultiplier tubes. Instead of an analog processing network, each module utilizes fast digital circuitry which includes direct analog-to-digital conversion of the photomultiplier signals, a lookup table which maps detector responses to position estimates of the scintillation flashes in the crystal, and an image memory which accumulates the position estimates and forms an image of the radiation incident on the faceplate of the camera. The digital electronics are necessary because analog techniques fail to give satisfactory estimates of scintillation position when the flashes occur near the sides of the crystal. The contents of the lookup table are determined from the statistical properties of the detected signals as a function of scintillation position. Experiments are described in which "best" estimates of position are found by processing data collected from an array of point-source positions in contact with the crystal. Alternative methods for construction of the lookup table are also discussed, which involve computer generation of the estimates. Both maximum-likelihood and mimimum-mean-square-error estimation rules are used, and the results are compared. A mathematical bound on the performance of the estimators is calculated assuming Poisson statistics for the detection process. The bound, which is a Cramer-Rao lower bound, is used to compare module geometries before lookup tables are constructed. A one-dimensional module, which accumulates information along one axis of the faceplate, is designed first. The one-dimensional module provides proof-of-principle evidence for the estimation techniques and is used to determine critical parameters for modular-camera design. The results of the experiments with the one-dimensional camera are extended to two-dimensional designs, which yield position estimates along both axes of the camera faceplate. Several two-dimensional cameras are tested, and an optimum geometry is constructed and tested for spatial resolution and bias of the estimators.
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Ng, Aik Hao. "Hybrid gamma camera imaging : translation from bench to bedside." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49335/.

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There is increasing interest in the use of small field of view (SFOV) portable gamma cameras in medical imaging. A novel hybrid optical-gamma camera (HGC) has been developed through a collaboration between the Universities of Leicester and Nottingham. This system offers high resolution gamma and optical imaging and shows potential for use at the patient bedside, or in the operating theatre. The aim of this thesis was to translate the HGC technology from in vitro laboratory studies to clinical use in human subjects. Pilot studies were undertaken with the HGC as part of this thesis. Furthermore, efforts have been made to transform the HGC technologies into a new medical device, known as Nebuleye. Initial physical evaluation of the pre-production prototype camera was carried out as part of the device developmental process, highlighting some aspects of the design that require further modification. A complete and rigorous testing scheme to assess the pre-production prototype camera has been developed and successfully implemented. The newly introduced tests enabled the system uniformity, system sensitivity, detector head shielding leakage, optical-gamma image alignment and optical image quality of the hybrid camera to be assessed objectively. This harmonised testing scheme allows characterisation and direct comparison of SFOV gamma cameras. In vitro and in vivo preclinical imaging was undertaken to examine the performance of the SFOV gamma cameras for experimental animal studies. The results of animal study have shown for the first time the feasibility and performance of these SFOV gamma cameras for imaging mice injected with a newly developed 111In labelled hybrid tracer. Further investigations are needed to improve the system resolution and prepare the camera system for combined gamma-near infrared fluorescence imaging in future. A systematic in vitro laboratory assessment method has been established to examine the imaging performance of the SFOV gamma camera in radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and radioactive seed localisation procedures for breast cancer surgery. Further preparatory work was undertaken to carry out a pilot clinical trial of the use of the pre-production prototype camera in sentinel node localisation procedures during breast cancer surgery. The clinical study protocol and routine quality control procedures have been established and are suitable for future use. Baseline data on the camera performance assessed using the routine quality control scheme have been obtained. Finally, the capabilities of the SFOV gamma camera were assessed. This has provided baseline data on user feedback and the imaging consequences on operator motion effects, as well as examining the detectability of a range of radionuclides, including 99mTc, 111In, 123I, 125I and 75Se. The first clinical results of the use of the HGC in clinical hybrid optical-gamma imaging in patients administered with 99mTc and 123I labelled radiopharmaceuticals have been reported. This clinical study has demonstrated the feasibility and capability of HGC in various clinical applications performed at the patient bedside, which included patients undergoing bone, thyroid, lacrimal drainage and lymphatic imaging as well as DaTscan studies. In conclusion, the work in this thesis has demonstrated the successful translation of an SFOV hybrid gamma camera for clinical use. This system would be ideally suited for use in the operating theatre for radioguided procedures such as sentinel node detection and tumour localisation. This system also offers potential for use with the new generation of hybrid fluorescent-radionuclide tracers currently under development.
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VERDENELLI, LORENZO. "Innovative 3D-printed gamma-camera collimators for medical imaging." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295563.

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In medicina nucleare, la gamma-camera è uno dei dispositivi di imaging più utilizzati per l'imaging dei radionuclidi. Le gamma-camere sono il cuore di molti dispositivi utilizzati in medicina nucleare che vanno dal sistema scintigrafico al sistema SPECT (Tomografia computerizzata a emissione di singolo fotone). Lo scopo principale di una gamma-camera è fornire al medico informazioni utili in termini di risoluzione spaziale e sensibilità per l’organo sotto indagine. Quindi, partendo da studi precedenti in cui sono state applicate le tecnologie AM (Additive manufacturing) per la realizzazione di collimatori, si è proceduto fornendo un nuovo concetto di collimatore a fori paralleli con forma del foro ottimizzata e con una strategia di fabbricazione completamente innovativa stampando il negativo del collimatore tradizionale. Con "geometria negativa" si intende estrudere i fori, solitamente vuoti, e riempire poi lo spazio tra questi fori con una polvere metallica ad alta densità (es. tungsteno). Applicando questo concetto, abbiamo scoperto di essere in grado di fornire un prodotto completamente personalizzabile e a basso costo utilizzando le tradizionali tecnologie di stampa FDM (modellazione a deposizione fusa) e SLS (sinterizzazione laser selettiva). Sono state stampate in 3D due diverse geometrie, per un totale di sei campioni. Questi campioni sono stati poi riempiti a mano con polvere di tungsteno e sono stati scansionati, mediante scanner CT, al fine di valutare come la polvere fosse dispersa tra i setti. A bordo della stampante FDM è stato anche montato un sistema di imaging utilizzato per acquisire il processo di stampa ed è stato utilizzato per acquisire un'immagine di ogni singolo strato stampato illuminato da tre illuminatori a linea laser, che lavorano nella gamma di 630 nm (illuminatori rossi). Gli illuminatori laser sono stati posizionati per fornire le condizioni di illuminazione migliori e costanti sullo strato sottoposto ad imaging. Le immagini sono state post-elaborate e utilizzate per ricreare un modello 3D della parte stampata da utilizzare poi nel software di simulazione GATE. È stata condotta un'analisi numerica, basata sul toolkit GATE Monte Carlo, per simulare i collimatori di riferimento e concetti innovativi. Le simulazioni sono state effettuate utilizzando diversi radioisotopi (Tc99, Lu177, In111 e Ga67) e materiali (Tungsteno, PLA e PA2200). Sperimentalmente, il campione è stato testato principalmente con la sorgente Tc99m, per confermare la validità dell'idea proposta. I risultati dell'analisi numerica mostrano un comportamento simile per quanto riguarda la risoluzione spaziale con i rispettivi collimatori di riferimento, mentre per la sensibilità si riporta una riduzione che va dal 45% fino all'80% delle entries. Ciò è dovuto principalmente al pixel estruso, realizzato in PLA o PA2200, avente densità maggiore (~1,24 g/cc per PLA e ~0,95 g/cc per PA2200) rispetto all'aria (~0,0012 g/cc) . Anche il modello ricostruito in 3D utilizzando il sistema di imaging è stato valutato numericamente. Dimostrando che gli errori del processo additivo, come non linearità e non parallelismo tra i fori estrusi, possono avere un effetto peggiorativo sulle prestazioni del sistema. Per applicazioni future sono necessarie ulteriori implementazioni, specialmente per quanto riguarda la procedura di riempimento che deve essere migliorata per raggiungere una maggiore percentuale di polvere depositata.
In nuclear medicine, the gamma-camera is one of the most used imaging devices for radionuclide imaging. Gamma-cameras are the key point of many devices used in nuclear medicine ranging from the scintigraphic system to SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography) system. The main aim of a gamma-camera is to provide to the physician useful information in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity of the organ under investigation. So, starting from previous studies where the AM (Additive manufacturing) technologies have been applied for the realization of collimators, we proceeded providing a novel concept of a parallel hole collimator with optimized hole shape and with a completely novel fabrication strategy printing the negative of the traditional collimator. With "negative geometry" we mean extruding the holes, usually empty, and filling then the space between these holes with a high dense metal powder (eg. Tungsten). Applying this concept, we found to be able to provide a fully customizable and low-cost product using traditional FDM (Fused deposition modeling) and SLS (Selective laser sintering) printing technologies. Two different geometries, for a total of six samples, have been 3D printed. These samples have been then filled by hand-filling process with tungsten powder and have been scanned, using CT scanner, in order to evaluate how the powder is dispersed between the septa. An imaging system used to acquire the printing process has been also mounted on-board of the FDM printer and it has been used to acquire a picture of each printed layer while being illuminated by three laser-line illuminators working in the 630 nm range (red illuminators). Laser illuminators have been placed to provide the best and constant illumination conditions on the imaged layer. Images have been post-processed and used to recreate a 3D model of the printed part to be then used in the simulation software GATE. A numerical analysis, based on GATE Monte Carlo toolkit, has been conducted to simulate the reference and the innovative concepts collimators. The simulations have been done using different radio-isotopes (Tc99, Lu177, In111 and Ga67) and materials (Tungsten, PLA and PA2200). Experimentally, the sample have been proved, mostly with the Tc99m source, to confirm the validity of the proposed idea. Results of the numerical analysis show a similar behavior for what concern the spatial resolution with the respective reference collimators, while for the sensitivity a reduction that range from 45% up to 80% of entries is reported. This is due mainly to the extruded pixel, made of PLA or PA2200, having higher density (~1.24 g/cc for PLA and ~0,95 g/cc for PA2200) with respect to air (~0,0012 g/cc). The 3D reconstructed model using the imaging system has been numerically evaluated as well. Demonstrating that the additive process errors, such as non-linearity and non-parallelism between the extruded holes, can have a worsening effect on the system performance. For future application further implementations are needed, especially for what concern the filling procedure that must be improved in order to reach an higher percentage of filled powder.
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Roellinghoff, Frauke. "Design and implementation of a prompt-gamma camera for real-time monitoring of ion beam therapy." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0024.

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La protonthérapie est une technique prometteuse pour le traitement du cancer, qui se répend de plus en plus. Le pic prononcé de son profil de dose ainsi que la longueur finie du parcours des particules rendent possible un traitement plus ciblé et permettent de mieux éviter d’endommager des tissus sains. Cependant, la précision de l’irradiation s’avère également être le risque principal lors de l’utilisation de cette technique. En effet, une erreur dans la profondeur de pénétration des particules pourrait engendrer des dégâts considérables. A l’heure actuelle, aucune méthode de contrôle n’est systématiquement utilisée pour s’assurer de la qualité du traitement. Dans ce manuscrit, une méthode indirecte de mesure de la distribution de dose, basé sur la détection de gammas prompts émis le long du parcours du faisceau, est étudiée. Deux concepts de caméra collimatée uni-dimensionnelle sont comparés à l’aune de leur utilisation potentielle : une caméra à fentes parallèles et une caméra “knife-edge”. Les deux systèmes sont optimisés par simulations de Monte Carlo et des mesures sont présentés pour valider ces simulations. La comparaison se base sur la précision avec laquelle un décalage dans la chute du profil prompt gamma peut être détecté, la résolution spatiale, le coût et la taille du système. Des recommandations sont émises pour le choix de la meilleure configuration, selon différentes exigeances. Des résultats similaires sont obtenus pour les deux concepts, atteignant une précision de environ 2 mm pour un seul point de “pencil beam” correspondant à 5e7 protons. L’étude se conclue par un tour d’horizon des pistes de recherche futures qui permettraient d’utiliser un système de détection de gammas prompts dans un contexte clinique futur
Protontherapy is a promising technique for tumor treatment that is becoming more and more widespread. The sharply peaked profile of the dose and the finite particle range allow for very conformal treatment and better sparing of healthy tissue beyond the tumor, but he precise delivery also proves to be the biggest challenge of the technique. Errors in range are a considerable risk in proton therapy and no range monitoring method is currently systematically used for quality control. In this manuscript, an indirect method of measuring the dose distribution, via the detection of secondary prompt gamma radiation emitted along the beam path, is explored. Two different one-dimensional collimated camera concepts, a multi-parallel-slit camera and a knife-edge slit camera are compared with regards to their potential use. Both systems are optimized via Monte Carlo simulation and measurements are presented for validation. The comparison is made on the basis of the precision with which a shift in the prompt gamma profile falloff edge can be retrieved by comparison with a reference profile as well as the spatial resolution, the cost, weight and bulkiness of the system and guidelines are given for choosing the best configuration for different requirements. Similar values can be obtained for both concepts, reaching a precision for the retrieval of the falloff edge of around 2 mm for a single pencil beam spot of 5×107 protons. This study concludes with an outlook on future developments and areas of investigation with the goal of reaching clinical applicability of a prompt gamma detection system
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Fontana, Mattia. "Tests and characterization of gamma cameras for medical applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1285/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a été effectué dans le cadre de la collaboration CLaRyS, qui a pour objectif le développement d'une caméra gamma multi-collimatée et d'une caméra Compton pour les applications médicales notamment pour le contrôle en ligne de l’hadronthérapie. La caméra Compton pourrait également être utilisée en médecine nucléaire. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était la caractérisation complète des détecteurs qui composent les caméras et le test des deux systèmes complets avec des faisceaux d’ions cliniques. En parallèle, des études en simulation ont permis d'estimer les performances de la caméra Compton à la fois pour le contrôle de l’hadronthérapie et la médecine nucléaire
This thesis work has been carried out within the CLaRyS French collaboration, which is involved in the development of a multi-collimated gamma camera and a Compton camera for the application in ion beam therapy monitoring through prompt-gamma detection and in nuclear medicine examinations. The main goal of the thesis was the complete characterization of the camera detector components, and the test of the whole systems on clinical ion beams. In parallel, simulation works have been performed to assess the performance of the Compton camera for the measurement of ion range during proton and carbon therapy, and for single photon emission computed tomography application in the nuclear medicine field
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Books on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Singh, B. Modeling and simulation of gamma camera. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.

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Great Britain. Medical Devices Agency., ed. GE Millennium MPR: Gamma camera : technical evaluation. London: Medical Devices Agency, 2002.

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Bolster, A. A. Gamma camera performance: Technical assessment protocol: report. [London]: Medical Devices Agency, 1996.

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Chʻoe, Chae-gŏl. Haek ŭihak yŏngsang kigi chŏngdo kwalli siltʻae chosa yŏnʼgu =: Study for status of quality control of nuclear medicine imaging equipments : gamma camera, SPECT, and PET. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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Saleh, Ali. The design construction and testing of an aluminum bar phantom for determining resolution and pseudo uniformity of a scintillation gamma camera. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2006.

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Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam, and Andrew Kelion. The gamma camera. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0003.

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Nuclear cardiology imaging is traditionally performed on an Anger gamma camera. Its key component is a large, flat, circular or rectangular sodium iodide crystal, activated by non-radioactive thallium (NaI(Tl)). The side of the crystal facing the patient is covered with a lead collimator, while the side away from the patient is viewed by an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This chapter provides detail on the gamma camera, including information on crystals and collimators, PMTs, and electronics. Important measures of gamma camera performance parameters and quality control are covered in detail, and a section on dedicated solid-state cardiac gamma cameras is included.
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Sabharwal, Nikant, Chee Yee Loong, and Andrew Kelion. The gamma camera. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199206445.003.0003.

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Crystals and collimators 32Photomultiplier tubes and electronics 34Gamma camera performance parameters and quality control (1) 36Gamma camera performance parameters and quality control (2) 38Nuclear cardiology imaging is performed on an Anger gamma camera. Its key component is a large flat circular or rectangular sodium iodide crystal, activated by non-radioactive thallium (NaI(Tl)). The side of the crystal facing the patient is covered with a lead collimator, whilst the side away from the patient is viewed by an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)....
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Hockaday, Edward. Evaluation of a dual-headed gamma camera. 1995.

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Kotsikopoulos, Alexandros. Correction of emission tomographic images by using attenuation maps generated with a gamma camera and external source. 1994.

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Kelion, Andrew, Parthiban Arumugam, and Nikant Sabharwal. Nuclear Cardiology (Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Cardiology). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.001.0001.

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Readable, practical, and concise, the Oxford Specialist Handbook in Nuclear Cardiology is a self-contained guide to this cardiac imaging subspecialty. Including both technical and clinical aspects, it provides a foundation of essential knowledge common to practitioners from any background.This title covers radiation physics, biology and protection, and addresses all areas of imaging including the design and operation of the gamma camera (including solid-state cameras), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition and processing, and image interpretation and writing of reports. Stress testing and radiopharmaceuticals are explained in detail, as is the evidence base underpinning myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Newer radionuclide imaging techniques are well covered (e.g. phosphate scintigraphy in cardiac amyloidosis), as is the expanding field of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Fully updated with coverage of new indications for gamma camera imaging, increased focus on attenuation correction and SPECT-CT, and detail on the design use and clinical implications of solid-state gamma cameras throughout, this second edition of the essential text for nuclear cardiology trainees and practitioners is fully illustrated with colour plates to aid clinical practice. Presented in the bestselling Oxford Handbook format, Nuclear Cardiology provides core knowledge for those training in the subspecialty, whether at a basic or advanced level or from a medical or technical background, and is a key resource for those seeking to accredit in the subspecialty.
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Book chapters on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Manji, Husseini K., Jorge Quiroz, R. Andrew Chambers, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Patrizia Porcu, A. Leslie Morrow, et al. "Gamma Camera." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 550. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4270.

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Manji, Husseini K., Jorge Quiroz, R. Andrew Chambers, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Patrizia Porcu, A. Leslie Morrow, et al. "Gamma Camera System." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 550. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_881.

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Lawson, Richard S. "Gamma Camera SPECT." In Practical SPECT/CT in Nuclear Medicine, 47–75. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4703-9_4.

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Belcari, Nicola, and Alberto Del Guerra. "La gamma-camera." In Fondamenti di medicina nucleare, 213–32. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1685-9_9.

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Kiptily, V. G., I. A. Polunovskii, V. O. Naidenov, I. N. Chugunov, V. S. Zaverjaev, S. V. Popovichev, A. V. Khramenkov, S. N. Abramovich, A. G. Zvenigorodskii, and M. V. Savin. "ITER Gamma Diagnostics: 2-D Neutron and Gamma Camera." In Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors, 463–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0369-5_57.

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Galli, Filippo. "Gamma Camera Imaging of Infectious Diseases." In Nuclear Medicine in Infectious Diseases, 9–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25494-0_2.

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Chiacchio, Serena, Martina Meniconi, and Duccio Volterrani. "Modalità di acquisizione con gamma-camera." In Fondamenti di medicina nucleare, 233–41. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1685-9_10.

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Belmonte, Gina. "Controlli di qualità della gamma-camera." In Fondamenti di medicina nucleare, 243–52. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1685-9_11.

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Russo, P., A. S. Curion, G. Mettivier, L. Aloj, C. Caracò, and S. Lastoria. "The MediPROBE CdTe Based Compact Gamma Camera." In IFMBE Proceedings, 556–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03879-2_155.

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Khalil, Magdy M. "Elements of Gamma Camera and SPECT Systems." In Basic Sciences of Nuclear Medicine, 155–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85962-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Ebstein, Steven M. "Transportable megapixel gamma camera." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Ralph B. James. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.450748.

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Peloso, R., P. Busca, C. Fiorini, A. Abba, A. Geraci, A. Manenti, A. Longoni, et al. "The HICAM gamma camera." In 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2010 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2010.5874116.

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Paul, P. "First results on SPI/INTEGRAL flight-model gamma-camera calibration." In GAMMA 2001: Gamma-Ray Astrophysics 2001. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419508.

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Vanderspek, Roland, John P. Doty, and George R. Ricker. "Current status of the explosive transient camera." In Gamma-ray bursts. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42773.

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Zhang, Quanhu, Wenming Zuo, Sufen Li, Suxia Hou, Lin Zhuang, and Wenheng Zhou. "Research on Gamma Camera Imaging Characteristics." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81936.

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Gamma camera imaging technology is a non-destructive passive radiation imaging technology, which can quickly find the unknown source location, search the exact number of radioactive sources and relative intensity. Therefore, it is very important and widely used in the fields of effective regulation of radioactive sources, handling of various nuclear emergencies, nuclear arms control and other fields. In the practical application of gamma camera, it often faces the imaging difference caused by the difference of radiation source intensity, detection time and detection distance. It is helpful to study the change of imaging characteristics under different experimental conditions for the practical application of gamma camera under different scenes. In this paper, the structure and imaging principle of gamma camera are analyzed in detail. Using the Cartogam portable gamma camera, a set of comparative experiments are carried out to study the time characteristics, distance characteristics and source intensity characteristics of the gamma camera. The results show that the imaging quality of gamma camera is positively correlated with the time source intensity, negatively correlated with the distance. For a milliCurie source, the gamma camera has very good fast-position resolution at a distance of 1 meter from the radioactive source and can form a more complete hot spot image within 5 minutes. When the distance becomes larger, the radioactive source needs at least 20 minutes to form a more accurate hot spot image. The hot spot is no longer as complete as a concentric circle structure, but can achieve precise positioning. For a strong source of more than ten milliCurie, immediate imaging within two minutes can be basically achieved within two meters. Under multi-source conditions, when the source intensities differ greatly and the distance between sources is relatively close, the detection of weak source can not be achieved by increasing the measurement time. However, by observing the counting images in a short period of time, the possibility of existence of a weak source can be deduced. Therefore, in the practical application of the gamma camera, it is necessary to constantly adjust its imaging conditions to ensure the detection of weak source verification. In this paper, the Monte Carlo model of gamma camera is set up to simulate the imaging. Compared with the actual imaging hot spots, the simulated images can correctly reflect the hot spot graph’s level distribution, which has the value of further research.
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Hindi, Munther M., Lee Klynn, and Howard Demroff. "Gamma Vector Camera: A Gamma Ray and Neutron Directional Detector." In 2008 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2008.4534502.

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MacDonald, Lawrence R., Bradley E. Patt, Jan S. Iwanczyk, Yuko Yamaguchi, David P. McElroy, Edward J. Hoffman, John N. Aarsvold, Robert A. Mintzer, and Naomi P. Alazraki. "High-resolution hand-held gamma camera." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by F. P. Doty, H. Bradford Barber, Hans Roehrig, and Edward J. Morton. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.410569.

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Kallergi, Maria, Wei Qian, Laurence P. Clarke, and Allan R. Gondeck. "Bremsstrahlung imaging with the gamma camera." In Medical Imaging VI, edited by Rodney Shaw. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.59399.

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Busca, P., R. Peloso, C. Fiorini, A. Gola, A. Abba, K. Erlandsson, B. F. Hutton, et al. "Applications of the HICAM gamma camera." In 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2010 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2010.5874149.

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Hideaki Haneishi, Hiroshi Shimura, and Hideki Hayashi. "Image synthesis of a mini gamma camera and stereo optical cameras." In 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging conference (2008 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2008.4774447.

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Reports on the topic "Gamma camera"

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Cui, Yonggang, and Michael Furey. Development of 3-D Gamma-camera. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1229551.

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Lund, J. C., R. W. Olsen, R. B. James, and E. Cross. Miniature gamma-ray camera for tumor localization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555271.

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Derenzo, Stephen. Compact Gamma Camera System for Breast Cancer Imaging. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393437.

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Derenzo, Stephen E. Compact Gamma Camera System for Breast Cancer Imaging. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384238.

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James, Ralph, and Michael Furey. Development of Compact Gamma Camera for Detection of Prostate Carcinoma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095507.

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Bionta, R. M. Color gamma ray camera: Laboratory directed research & development (LDRD) FY 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/251602.

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Weinberg, Irving. Rapid processing of positioning information for handheld gamma camera. Final Phase II report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809470.

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Fukazawa, Y. Low-Noise Double-Sided Silicon Strip Detector for Soft Gamma-ray Compton Camera. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839893.

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Gruber, Gregory J. A compact, discrete CsI(Tl) scintillator/Si photodiode gamma camera for breast cancer imaging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/780592.

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Martin, Jeffrey Basil. A Compton scatter camera for spectral imaging of 0.5 to 3.0 MeV gamma rays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/167186.

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