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Journal articles on the topic 'Gamma camera'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Hu, Yifan, Zhenlei Lyu, Peng Fan, Tianpeng Xu, Shi Wang, Yaqiang Liu, and Tianyu Ma. "A Wide Energy Range and 4π-View Gamma Camera with Interspaced Position-Sensitive Scintillator Array and Embedded Heavy Metal Bars." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020953.

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(1) Background: Gamma cameras have wide applications in industry, including nuclear power plant monitoring, emergency response, and homeland security. The desirable properties of a gamma camera include small weight, good resolution, large field of view (FOV), and wide imageable source energy range. Compton cameras can have a 4π FOV but have limited sensitivity at low energy. Coded-aperture gamma cameras are operatable at a wide photon energy range but typically have a limited FOV and increased weight due to the thick heavy metal collimators and shielding. In our lab, we previously proposed a 4π-view gamma imaging approach with a 3D position-sensitive detector, with which each detector element acts as the collimator for other detector elements. We presented promising imaging performance for 99mTc, 18F, and 137Cs sources. However, the imaging performance for middle- and high-energy sources requires further improvement. (2) Methods: In this study, we present a new gamma camera design to achieve satisfactory imaging performance in a wide gamma energy range. The proposed gamma camera consists of interspaced bar-shaped GAGG (Ce) crystals and tungsten absorbers. The metal bars enhance collimation for high-energy gamma photons without sacrificing the FOV. We assembled a gamma camera prototype and conducted experiments to evaluate the gamma camera’s performance for imaging 57Co, 137Cs, and 60Co point sources. (3) Results: Results show that the proposed gamma camera achieves a positioning accuracy of <3° for all gamma energies. It can clearly resolve two 137Cs point sources with 10° separation, two 57Co and two 60Co point sources with 20° separation, as well as a 2 × 3 137Cs point-source array with 20° separation. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that the proposed gamma camera design has comprehensive merits, including portability, 4π-view FOV, and good angular resolution across a wide energy range. The presented approach has promising potential in nuclear security applications.

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2

Pilsworth, R. C. "Gamma camera installations." Equine Veterinary Education 11, no. 5 (October 1999): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00957.x.

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3

Perkins, Alan. "The gamma camera." Nuclear Medicine Communications 35, no. 2 (February 2014): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0000000000000031.

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4

WELLS, C. P., and M. BUXTON-THOMAS. "Gamma camera purchasing." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 3 (March 1995): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199503000-00010.

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WELLS, C. P., and M. BUXTON-THOMAS. "Gamma camera purchasing." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 3 (March 1995): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199516030-00010.

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6

Baek, Seung-Hae, Pathum Rathnayaka, and Soon-Yong Park. "Calibration of a Stereo Radiation Detection Camera Using Planar Homography." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8928096.

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This paper proposes a calibration technique of a stereo gamma detection camera. Calibration of the internal and external parameters of a stereo vision camera is a well-known research problem in the computer vision society. However, few or no stereo calibration has been investigated in the radiation measurement research. Since no visual information can be obtained from a stereo radiation camera, it is impossible to use a general stereo calibration algorithm directly. In this paper, we develop a hybrid-type stereo system which is equipped with both radiation and vision cameras. To calibrate the stereo radiation cameras, stereo images of a calibration pattern captured from the vision cameras are transformed in the view of the radiation cameras. The homography transformation is calibrated based on the geometric relationship between visual and radiation camera coordinates. The accuracy of the stereo parameters of the radiation camera is analyzed by distance measurements to both visual light and gamma sources. The experimental results show that the measurement error is about 3%.

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Fiorini, C., A. Gola, R. Peloso, A. Longoni, P. Lechner, H. Soltau, L. Strüder, et al. "The DRAGO gamma camera." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 4 (April 2010): 044301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3378686.

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8

Fiorini, C., P. Busca, R. Peloso, A. Abba, A. Geraci, C. Bianchi, G. L. Poli, et al. "The HICAM Gamma Camera." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 59, no. 3 (June 2012): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2012.2192940.

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9

Gane, J. N., A. Britten, and A. E. A. Joseph. "Petting your gamma camera!" Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 4 (April 1995): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199504000-00067.

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10

Conners, Amy Lynn, Robert W. Maxwell, Cindy L. Tortorelli, Carrie B. Hruska, Deborah J. Rhodes, Judy C. Boughey, and Wendie A. Berg. "Gamma Camera Breast Imaging Lexicon." American Journal of Roentgenology 199, no. 6 (December 2012): W767—W774. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.8298.

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11

Butler, J. F., C. L. Lingren, S. J. Friesenhahn, F. P. Doty, W. L. Ashburn, R. L. Conwell, F. L. Augustine, et al. "CdZnTe solid-state gamma camera." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 45, no. 3 (June 1998): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.682408.

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12

Evans, J. W., and A. M. Peters. "Gamma camera imaging in malignancy." European Journal of Cancer 38, no. 16 (November 2002): 2157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00412-4.

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13

Gal, O., C. Izac, F. Lainé, and A. Nguyen. "CARTOGAM: a portable gamma camera." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 387, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(96)01013-3.

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14

Blevis, Ira M., M. K. O'Connor, Z. Keidar, A. Pansky, H. Altman, and J. W. Hugg. "CZT gamma camera for scintimammography." Physica Medica 21 (January 2006): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(06)80025-6.

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15

Bird, N. J., S. E. Old, and R. W. Barber. "Gamma camera positron emission tomography." British Journal of Radiology 74, no. 880 (April 2001): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.74.880.740303.

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16

Penrose, J., E. A. Trowbridge, and W. B. Tindale. "The virtual gamma-camera room." Nuclear Medicine Communications 16, no. 11 (November 1995): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199511000-00027.

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PENROSE, J. M. T., E. A. TROWBRIDGE, and W. B. TINDALE. "The virtual gamma camera room." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 5 (May 1996): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199605000-00003.

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Old, S. E., K. K. Balan, C. S. Ng, D. R. Parry-Jones, and R. E. Marcus. "Gamma camera PET in lymphoma." Nuclear Medicine Communications 20, no. 5 (May 1999): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199905000-00074.

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19

Scopinaro, Francesco, Roberto Pani, Alessandro Soluri, Rosanna Pellegrini, Raffaele Scafò, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Francesca Capoccetti, Vincenzo David, Stella Chiarini, and Salvatore Stella. "Detection of Sentinel Node in Breast Cancer: Pilot Study with the Imaging Probe." Tumori Journal 86, no. 4 (July 2000): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160008600420.

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The commonly used gamma probes are easy to use but also give rough information when employed in radioisotope-guided surgery. When images are required for exact localization, a gamma camera as well as a probe have to be used. Position-sensitive photomultipliers have contemporaneously allowed high-resolution scintigraphy and miniaturization of gamma cameras. We have assembled a miniature gamma camera with a 1-square-inch field of view and an intrinsic resolution of about 1 mm. When the minicamera is collimated with a large-holed, highly sensitive collimator, it acquires a spatial resolution of 3 mm. This prototype has been tested in the detection of difficult-to-image breast cancer sentinel nodes. Five nodes that had not been found with the usual technique of an Anger camera plus conventional probe were checked with the miniature camera that we named imaging probe: it actually is small enough to be used as a probe and large enough to give an image. One of the five nodes was found and imaged. It was small, disease-free, close to the tumor and probably hidden by the Compton halo around the peritumoral injection site. Our pilot study shows that the imaging probe, although still a prototype, has certain advantages over conventional methods when lymph node localization is required during surgery.

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Valkema, R., H. Prpic, J. A. K. Blokland, J. A. J. Camps, S. E. Papapoulos, O. L. M. Bijvoet, and E. K. J. Pauwels. "Dual Photon Absorptiometry for Bone Mineral Measurements Using a Gamma Camera." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500110.

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A gamma camera was equipped with a special collimator and arm assembly for bone mineral measurements with dual photon absorptiometry (DPA). The system was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared both with a rectilinear DPA and a dual energy X-ray (DEXA) system. All 3 systems showed a linear response in measurements of 4 vials, containing different amounts of hydroxyapatite. Phantom measurements with the gamma camera system showed a precision of 1.6% to 2.8%. Results obtained in 8 healthy volunteers with rectilinear and gamma camera systems were well correlated (R2 = 0.78). With the photon beam directed from posterior to anterior, the separation of vertebrae was easy with the gamma camera system. We conclude that bone mineral measurements can be made with a gamma camera for assessment of fracture risk and in the decision process whether a patient needs treatment or not. For follow-up, the precision of DPA with a gamma camera is inadequate.

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21

Jeremic, Marija, Milovan Matovic, Slobodan Jankovic, Milorad Milosev, Milan Novakovic, Vera Spasojevic-Tisma, and Vlade Urosevic. "Comparison of three methods used for measurement of radioiodine fixation in thyroid gland of mice." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, no. 2 (2013): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1302225j.

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The aim of this work is to compare the results of estimation of radioiodine uptake using three methods in a study on mice, and to test reliability of the radioiodine uptake estimation by gamma camera. The study is conducted on 21 white, Swiss-type mice of both sex at age of 10 weeks, weighing between 25 g and 34 g. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.37 ? ? 0.03 MBq of radioiodine 131I. After 72 hours the mice were anesthetized, and radioactivity of thyroid region was measured by gamma camera (the 1st method, in situ). After the measurement, the animals were sacrificed, their thyroid glands were carefully excised together with adjacent trachea and placed at the bottom of a test tube. The radioactivity of the excised tissue was then measured by both gamma camera (the 2nd method) and gamma counter (the 3rd method). This method is treated as a standard and the most accurate. In the study we used Siemens e_cam gamma camera and Wallac Wizard 1470 Automatic Gamma counter. The radioiodine fixation determined using those three methods was 25.25 ? 7.32%, 26.08 ? ? 8.55% and 25.74 ? 7.18%, without statisticaly significant difference s between methods (p > 0.05). The high correlation between the three methods of measuring radioiodine fixation in thyroid gland was observed: (1) the correlation coefficient between the fixation rate obtained by gamma camera in situ and the fixation rate obtained by measuring the radioactivity of extirpated thyroids by gamma camera was 0.869 (p < 0.01); (2) the correlation coefficient between fixation rate obtained by gamma camera in situ and the fixation rate obtained by measuring radioactivity of extirpated thyroids by gamma counter was 0.890 (p < 0.01); (3) the correlation coefficient between fixation rate obtained by measuring radioactivity of extirpated thyroids by gamma camera and the fixation rate obtained by measuring radioactivity of extirpated thyroids by gamma counter was 0.835 (p < 0.01).

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22

Haneishi, Hideaki, Hiroshi Shimura, and Hideki Hayashi. "Image Synthesis Using a Mini Gamma Camera and Stereo Optical Cameras." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 57, no. 3 (June 2010): 1132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2010.2044805.

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23

Nagata, J., S. Yamamoto, Y. Noguchi, T. Nakaya, K. Okudaira, K. Kamada, and A. Yoshikawa. "Development of a simultaneous imaging system to measure the optical and gamma ray images of Ir-192 source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): T12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/12/t12005.

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Abstract In high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, verification of the Ir-192 source's position during treatment is needed because such a source is extremely radioactive. One of the methods used to measure the source position is based on imaging the gamma rays from the source, but the absolute position in a patient cannot be confirmed. To confirm the absolute position, it is necessary to acquire an optical image in addition to the gamma ray image at the same time as well as the same position. To simultaneously image the gamma ray and optical images, we developed an imaging system composed of a low-sensitivity, high-resolution gamma camera integrated with a CMOS camera. The gamma camera has a 1-mm-thick cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAIO3: YAP(Ce)) scintillator plate optically coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT), and a 0.1-mm-diameter pinhole collimator was mounted in front of the camera to improve spatial resolution and reduce sensitivity. We employed the concept of a periscope by placing two mirrors tilted at 45 degrees facing each other in front of the gamma camera to image the same field of view (FOV) for the gamma camera and the CMOS camera. The spatial resolution of the imaging system without the mirrors at 100 mm from the Ir-192 source was 3.2 mm FWHM, and the sensitivity was 0.283 cps/MBq. There was almost no performance degradation observed when the mirrors were positioned in front of the gamma camera. The developed system could measure the Ir-192 source positions in optical and gamma ray images. We conclude that the developed imaging system has the potential to measure the absolute position of an Ir-192 source in real-time clinical measurements.

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24

Hughes, A., and P. F. Sharp. "Factors affecting gamma-camera non-uniformity." Physics in Medicine and Biology 33, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/33/2/005.

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25

&NA;. "APEX SP-4M Mobile Gamma Camera." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199201000-00026.

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26

Blazek, K., F. De Notaristefani, P. Maly, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, A. Pergola, F. Scopinaro, and A. Soluri. "YAP multi-crystal gamma camera prototype." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 42, no. 5 (1995): 1474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.467944.

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27

Puertolas, D., D. Piedigrossi, R. Pani, H. Leutz, F. de Notaristefani, and C. D'Ambrosio. "An ISPA-camera for gamma rays." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 42, no. 6 (1995): 2221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.489418.

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28

Di Lillo, F., V. Corvino, A. Sarno, G. Mettivier, and P. Russo. "Performance of MediPROBE compact gamma camera." Physica Medica 32 (February 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.360.

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29

Paul, Asit Kr, Mitsuaki Tatsumi, and Tsunehiko Nishimura. "Gamma camera coincidence imaging in oncology." International Congress Series 1228 (February 2002): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00516-7.

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30

Dai, QiuSheng. "Channel model of pinhole gamma camera." Chinese Science Bulletin 56, no. 25 (August 14, 2011): 2758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4606-9.

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31

Keyes, W. I. "Statistics of gamma camera uniformity measurements." British Journal of Radiology 70, no. 829 (January 1997): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.70.829.9059308.

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32

Jeans, S. P. "Radiological safety: gamma camera flood sources." British Journal of Radiology 60, no. 713 (May 1987): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-60-713-495.

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33

Pillay, M., P. H. Cox, and D. Schönfeld. "Safety of gamma camera flood sources." British Journal of Radiology 61, no. 722 (February 1988): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-61-722-174-c.

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Jeans, S. P. "Safety of gamma camera flood sources." British Journal of Radiology 61, no. 722 (February 1988): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-61-722-175-a.

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35

MOONEN, M., L. JACOBSSON, and G. GRANERUS. "Gamma camera renography with 99Tcm-DTPA." Nuclear Medicine Communications 15, no. 9 (September 1994): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199409000-00002.

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36

JARRITT, P. H., and P. D. ACTON. "PET imaging using gamma camera systems." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 9 (September 1996): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199609000-00006.

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COSGRIFF, P. S., R. S. LAWSON, and C. C. NIMMON. "Towards standardization in gamma camera renography." Nuclear Medicine Communications 13, no. 8 (August 1992): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199208000-00002.

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COSGRIFF, P. S., R. S. LAWSON, and C. C. NIMMON. "Towards standardization in gamma camera renography." Nuclear Medicine Communications 13, no. 8 (August 1992): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199213080-00002.

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HART, G. C., P. S. COSGRIFF, R. S. LAWWSON, and C. C. NIMMON. "Towards standardization in gamma camera renography." Nuclear Medicine Communications 14, no. 2 (February 1993): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199302000-00015.

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40

Jensen, Maria Maj, Ulla Schmidt, Chenxi Huang, and Bo Zerahn. "Gated tomographic radionuclide angiography using cadmium-zinc-telluride detector gamma camera; comparison to traditional gamma cameras." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 21, no. 2 (December 24, 2013): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12350-013-9844-6.

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41

Horner, Thierry J., Jeffry A. Siegel, Roxanne C. Jewell, Gary J. Lunger, Nancy L. Young, Brian R. Wynne, Vanessa C. Williams, et al. "Comparison of Dosimetry and Gamma Camera Methods for Evaluation of Biodistribution Prior to Administration of the Therapeutic Dose of Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab (Bexxar Therapeutic Regimen)." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4916.4916.

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Abstract Abstract 4916 Introduction: The Bexxar® Therapeutic Regimen for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) is administered in 2 steps: a dosimetric dose and a therapeutic dose. Radioactive counts, obtained from sequential gamma camera scans of the whole body at several time points after the dosimetric dose, determine the patient (pt)-specific clearance (total body residence time, TBRT) and, along with pt body size, allow determination of the prescribed activity (PA) of the therapeutic dose. Pts do not receive the therapeutic dose if TBRT is outside 50 to 150 hrs and/or gamma camera images show altered biodistribution. TBRT is used to calculate the mCi of I-131 (PA) required to deliver the appropriate therapeutic dose of 65 or 75 cGy to the total body, depending on platelet count. Our aims were 1) to evaluate an alternative, inexpensive sodium iodide probe (probe) detector-based method of measuring radioactive counts for determination of TBRT and 2) to evaluate the clinical benefit of visually assessing gamma camera images for altered biodistribution. Methods: We retrospectively compared probe and gamma camera methods from a phase II study (RIT-II-001) and evaluated altered biodistribution assessed by gamma camera images from a post-marketing observational study. Forty-one of 47 FL pts enrolled in RIT-II-001 from December 1995 to November 1996 were included in the retrospective analysis of TBRT and PA. Pts received a median of 5 prior chemotherapies (range 2–13). Thirty of 41 (73%) pts had low-grade B-NHL, 90% had stage III or IV disease, 51% had bone marrow involvement, 88% had an International Prognostic Index score ≥ 2, and 16 of 34 (47%) pts had bulky disease >500 g. Dosimetry analysis was performed at 3 time points (Day 0; Day 2, 3, or 4; and Day 6 or 7) after dosimetric dose, as currently required for determining PA. The PAs of the therapeutic dose using TBRTs derived from probe and gamma camera counts were compared. Also, we retrospectively evaluated cases of altered biodistribution in an observational post-marketing study (BEX114606) of 2,649 pts who received a dosimetric dose from June 2003 to February 2010. Dosimetry and gamma camera images were independently reviewed from reported cases of altered biodistribution to evaluate the clinical benefit of visually assessing gamma camera images. Results: The mean TBRTs from the clinical study were 94.5 and 95.0 hrs from the probe and gamma camera methods, respectively, and individual TBRTs were highly correlated (r = 0.98). The mean PAs of the therapeutic dose, derived from probe and gamma camera TBRTs, were 85.8 mCi and 85.3 mCi, respectively. The point estimate for the ratio of the PA was 0.995 and the 90% CI (0.984, 1.006) was well within the typical range of 0.80 to 1.25 for demonstrating bioequivalence. The observational study found that only 5 of 2,649 (0.2%) pts did not receive the therapeutic dose due to suspected altered biodistribution. Dosimetry data and gamma camera images were available for 3 pts. Independent review confirmed that all 3 pts had accurately determined TBRTs, but only 1 pt had confirmed altered biodistribution by visual assessment of gamma camera images and TBRTs. Conclusion: TBRTs derived from probe and gamma camera counts were highly comparable. Thus, the probe and gamma camera methods to determine TBRT and calculate the PA of the therapeutic dose of Bexxar appear equivalent. Altered biodistribution prevented only 5 of 2,649 (0.2%) pts from receiving the therapeutic dose of Bexxar. Only 1 pt (0.04%) was independently confirmed to have altered biodistribution by visual assessment of gamma camera images, consistent with the TBRT. Therefore, visual assessment of gamma camera images added no benefit beyond TBRT in determining whether to administer the therapeutic dose of Bexxar. These data indicate that either sequential probe or gamma camera-based dosimetry is sufficient for determining whether to administer the therapeutic dose, and that visual assessment of gamma camera images does not appear to be necessary to detect the rare instance of an altered biodistribution. Disclosures: Horner: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Off Label Use: The BEXXAR therapeutic regimen (Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab) is indicated for the treatment of patients with CD20 antigen-expressing relapsed or refractory, low grade, follicular, or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including patients with Rituximab-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Siegel: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy. Jewell: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Lunger: GE Healthcare: Employment. Young: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Wynne: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Williams: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Lin: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment. Kaminski: GlaxoSmithKline: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Wahl: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; Nihon Medi Physics: Consultancy; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Naviscan PET systems: Consultancy; Threshold Pharmaceuticals: Equity Ownership. Vleisides: GlaxoSmithKline: Employment.

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42

Bom, V. R., C. W. E. van Eijk, G. Jonkers, P. T. Por, and J. G. G. van de Vorst. "Gamma - ray tomography in fluidised beds using a gamma camera." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 20, no. 4 (October 1998): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129802000403.

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43

Miao, Yinming, and Masahiro Yamaguchi. "Photometric Calibration for Stereo Camera with Gamma-like Response Function in Direct Visual Odometry." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 24, 2021): 7048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217048.

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Direct visual odometry algorithms assume that every frame from the camera has the same photometric characteristics. However, the cameras with auto exposure are widely used outdoors as the environment often changes. The vignetting also affects the pixel’s brightness on different frames, even if the exposure time is fixed. We propose an online vignetting correction and exposure time estimation method for stereo direct visual odometry algorithms. Our method works on a camera that has a gamma-like response function. The inverse vignetting function and exposure time ratio between neighboring frames are estimated. Stereo matching is used to select correspondences between the left image and right image in the same frame at the initialization step. Feature points are used to pick the correspondences between different frames. Our method provides static correction results during the experiments on datasets and a stereo camera.

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44

Ilisie, Victor, Laura Moliner, Constantino Morera, Johan Nuyts, and José María Benlloch. "Gamma Camera Imaging with Rotating Multi-Pinhole Collimator. A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103367.

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In this work, we propose and analyze a new concept of gamma ray imaging that corresponds to a gamma camera with a mobile collimator, which can be used in vivo, during surgical interventions for oncological patients for localizing regions of interest such as tumors or ganglia. The benefits are a much higher sensitivity, better image quality and, consequently, a dose reduction for the patient and medical staff. This novel approach is a practical solution to the overlapping problem which is inherent to multi-pinhole gamma camera imaging and single photon emission computed tomography and which translates into artifacts and/or image truncation in the final reconstructed image. The key concept consists in introducing a relative motion between the collimator and the detector. Moreover, this design could also be incorporated into most commercially available gamma camera devices, without any excessive additional requirements. We use Monte Carlo simulations to assess the feasibility of such a device, analyze three possible designs and compare their sensitivity, resolution and uniformity. We propose a final design of a gamma camera with a high sensitivity ranging from 0.001 to 0.006 cps/Bq, and a high resolution of 0.5–1.0 cm (FWHM), for source-to-detector distances of 4–10 cm. Additionally, this planar gamma camera provides information about the depth of source (with approximate resolution of 1.5 cm) and excellent image uniformity.

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Konaka, Minoru, Toyozou Doi, and Katsuya Akeda. "249. Artifact by scatter on gamma-camera." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 49, no. 8 (1993): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003324836.

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Yokoyama, Kimie, Tetsuhiro Nishimura, Yumi Takeuchi, Kazuyuki Minami, Masaki Kato, Hideyuki Ohse, and Eriko Shimada. "504. Evaluation of dual head gamma camera." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 8 (1994): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003326303.

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ENDO, KEIGO. "Glucose Metabolic Images Using SPECT Gamma Camera." RADIOISOTOPES 45, no. 8 (1996): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.45.535.

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Engeland, U., T. Striker, and H. Luig. "Count-rate statistics of the gamma camera." Physics in Medicine and Biology 43, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 2939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/43/10/019.

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Lee, Nam-Ho, Young-Gwan Hwang, and Soon-Yong Park. "Development of Three-Dimensional Gamma-ray Camera." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2015.19.2.486.

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Nelson, A. "Setting up a gamma camera in practice." Equine Veterinary Education 8, no. 5 (October 1996): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3292.1996.tb01703.x.

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