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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gamma-ray blazars'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

McKenny, Joy Martina. "Observations of southern hemisphere gamma ray emitting blazars." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3695/.

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This thesis details observations of three Southern hemisphere blazars PKS 2155-304 PKS 2005-489 and PKS 0548-322 using the University of Durham Mark 6 Telescope between 1996 and 1999. The nature of blazars and the physical processes responsible for very high energy emission are also discussed. A signal above 700 GeV was observed from PKS 2155-304 between 1996 and 1997 but not in 1998 and 1999. One plausible explanation for this is a reduction in sensitivity of the Mark 6.Evidence for variability of high energy emission from PKS 2155-304 was search for but no firm conclusion was reached. Upper

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2

Harris, Jonathan Daniel. "Physics from the gamma-ray spectra of blazars." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11446/.

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Blazars are numerous and often bright sources of cosmic γ-rays with several hundred such objects currently detected in this regime. However, there are several outstanding issues surrounding them. For example, it is uncertain exactly where in the kiloparsec- scale blazar jet γ-rays are produced and what the physical mechanisms responsible for the emission are. This thesis is an investigation in the physics and astronomy that can be learnt from studying the γ-ray energy spectra of blazars. Two studies are presented analysing bright blazars with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). From the smoo

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3

Dickinson, Mark R. "Very high energy gamma ray observations of southern hemisphere blazars." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4705/.

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This thesis is concerned with very high energy γ-ray observations of blazars observable from the southern hemisphere. The data presented were obtained using the recently deployed University of Durham Mark 6 high sensitivity Čerenkov telescope. Chapters 1 and 2 are introductory; the subjects of γ-ray astronomy, extensive air showers, Čerenkov light production, the development of the atmospheric Čerenkov technique and the current status of TeV astronomy are discussed. Chapter 3 introduces the telescopes operated by the University of Durham. The Mark 6 telescope, designed to have a low threshold

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4

Healey, Stephen Edward. "Multiwavelength studies of gamma-ray blazars over the entire sky /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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5

Bastin, Fane Troy. "A multiwavelength investigation of blazar-type active galactic nuclei." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11302.

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A multiwavelength investigation is conducted for nineteen blazar-type active galactic nuclei. Studies of variability timescales and flux duty cycles are performed at x- and gamma-rays for each source, with the relationship between flux and spectral index also being probed at gamma wavelengths. The correlation between these two energy ranges is also investigated, by utilising the Discrete Correlation Function with both one and ten day binning. The sources were chosen for their availability over a range of different x- and gamma-ray data sources: observations utilised include 0.2 - 150 keV x-ray

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Calle, PeÌrez Ignacio de la. "Detection of high energy gamma rays from X-ray selected blazars." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270857.

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7

Nandikotkur, Giridhar. "Tracking spectral changes in blazars with the energetic gamma ray experiment telescope (EGRET)." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7747.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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8

Roustazadeh, Sheikhyousefi Parisa. "Pair Cascades in Blazars and Radio Galaxies." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1327333900.

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9

Wagner, Robert Marcus. "Measurement of very high energy gamma-ray emission from four blazars using the MAGIC telescope and a comparative blazar study." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/604099/document.pdf.

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10

Wagner, Robert M. "Very High Blazar Astrophysics : Measurement of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Four Blazars Using the MAGIC Telescope and a Comparative Blazar Study /." Fischbachtal, Odenw : HARLAND media, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3001678&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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11

Grube, Jeffrey. "X-ray and Gamma-ray Study of TeV Blazars with RXTE, XMM-Newton, and the Whipple 10 m Telescope." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485170.

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This thesis presents long-tenn X-ray and TeV y-ray observations from 2000 to 2006 of three TeV blazar type Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and H1426i428. Standard emission models for TeV blazars predict correlated and highly variable X-ray and TeV y-ray radiation from accelerated electrons in a jet orientated along our line of sight By using a large sample . of near simultaneous observations, this thesis examines potential flux and spectral correlations between the X-ray and TeV y-ray energy bands. Joint nightly observations ofMrk 421 with the X-ray instrument RXTEPCA, and at 0

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12

Rani, Bindu [Verfasser], Anton J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Zensus, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckart. "Broad-band study of selected Gamma-ray active blazars / Bindu Rani. Gutachter: Anton J. Zensus ; Andreas Eckart." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047666480/34.

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13

Palma, Cruz Norman I. "Multiwavelength Analysis of the Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 0528+134 in Quiescence." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1289321486.

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14

Valverde, Quispe Janeth Veronica. "New insights on the nature of blazars from a decade of multi-wavelength observations : Discovery of a very large shift of the synchrotron peak frequency, long-term optical-gamma-ray flux correlations, and rising flux trend in the BL Lac 1ES 1215+303." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX013.

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Les blazars sont connus pour leur variabilité sur une large gamme d'échelles de temps à toutes les longueurs d'onde; et leur classification (en quasars radio à spectre plat, BL Lac à basse fréquence crête, intermédiaire ou haute fréquence; FSRQ, LBL, IBL, HBL, pour ses sigles en anglais) est basée sur des caractéristiques spectrales à large bande qui ne considèrent pas la source comme étant, éventuellement, dans différentes états d'activité. Récemment, il a été proposé de classer les blazars en fonction de la cinématique de leurs caractéristiques radio. La plupart des études sur les blazars à

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15

Minutilli, Loreta. "Fermi blazars as candidate neutrino emitters: a study of temporal coincidence with IceCube events." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22554/.

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Multimessenger astronomy provides a unique tool for exploring the universe at the highest energies: the association between neutrinos and their astrophysical sources would constitute a powerful probe of the high-energy sky. In 2017, the neutrino event IceCube-170922A was found to be coincident in arrival time and direction with an enhanced γ-ray activity from the blazar TXS 0506+056 at redshift z ∼ 0.34, and it was associated to this source at the 3σ confidence level. This discovery motivates further research in the field of the blazar-neutrino connection. In this work, the temporal coinci

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16

Giomi, Matteo. "A catalog of variable high-energy gamma-ray sources and prospects for polarization measurement with the Fermi Large Area Telescope." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18596.

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Das Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) ist ein satellitengestütztes Gammastrahlungs-Teleskop zur Messung von Gammastrahlung im Energiebereich zwischen ∼ 30 MeV und mehreren hundert GeV. Der Nachweis extraterrestrischer Gammastrahlung in diesem Energiebereich erlaubt Rückschlüsse auf die astrophysikalischen Quellen der Gammastrahlung und Beschleunigungsmechanismen kosmischer Strahlung mit Energien zwischen 1 GeV und ∼ 10 TeV. Die Beobachtung von Quellen während Phasen vorübergehend erhöhter Gammastrahlungslüsse (‘Flares’) ermöglicht dabei eine besonders empfindliche Untersuchung der Produktionsme

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17

Organokov, Mukharbek. "ANTARES search for high-energy neutrinos from TeV-emitting blazars, Markarian 421 and 501, in coïncidence with HAWC gamma-ray tiares." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE039.

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Les neutrinos sont des messagers uniques pour détecter les phénomènes violents de l’Univers. Les sources potentielles de neutrinos cosmiques sont, par exemple, les Noyaux Actifs de Galaxie (NAGs), ou les sursauts gammas. Dans le cas d’un accélérateur astrophysique de rayons cosmiques hadroniques, la production de neutrinos s’accompagne éventuellement d’émissions gammas de haute énergie. La recherche des coïncidences entre des neutrinos de haute énergie détectés avec le télescope à neutrinos ANTARES et des photons gamma captés par l’observatoire HAWC est présentée. La recherche dans une fenêtre

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18

Valtonen-Mattila, Nora. "High Energy gamma-ray behavior of a potential astrophysical neutrino source : The case of TXS 0506+056." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-90569.

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Blazars are a type of Active Galaxy that emit strong astrophysical jets. The association of a HE gamma-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056 to the IceCube-170922A neutrino event in 2017, opened the possibility to a link between these two events. In this thesis, we will look at the HE gamma-ray behavior of TXS 0506+056 using data obtained from the Fermi-LAT by taking into account the other set of neutrino events associated with this source from 2014-2015. We will investigate whether both neutrino events present with comparable HE gamma-ray behavior by analyzing the lightcurves and the spectra

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19

D'Antonio, Daniele. "A wide frequency study of the spectral properties of cores and lobes of radio galaxies." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14083/.

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Low-frequency radio arrays are opening a new window for the study of the sky, to characterise both new phenomena and already known classes of sources. In our work, we characterise the spectral properties of the blazar population at low radio frequency, compare the radio and high energy properties of the gamma-ray blazar population, and search for radio counterparts of the unidentified gamma-ray sources. In a previous work (Giroletti et al. 2016), the 6100 square degrees Murchison Widefield Array Commissioning Survey catalogue (MWACS) was cross-correlated with the third catalogue of gamma-ray

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20

Couturier, Camille. "Invariance de Lorentz et Gravité Quantique : contraintes avec des sources extragalactiques variables observées par H.E.S.S. et Fermi-LAT." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066555/document.

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Des modèles de Gravité Quantique (QG) prédisent une violation de l'invariance de Lorentz (LIV), se manifestant par une dispersion de la lumière dans le vide. Si un tel effet existe, des photons d'énergies différentes émis en même temps par une source distante sont détectés sur Terre à des moments différents. Les émissions transitoires à (très) hautes énergies provenant de sources astrophysiques lointaines, comme les sursauts gamma (GRBs) et les blazars sont utilisées pour contraindre cet effet LIV. Cet ouvrage présente les études menées avec deux télescopes gamma majeurs : H.E.S.S. -- pour leq

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21

Uellenbeck, Malwina [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Rhode, and Carsten [Gutachter] Westphal. "Study of extragalactic very high energy gamma ray sources : Monitoring and discoveries of blazars with the MAGIC telescopes / Malwina Uellenbeck. Betreuer: Wolfgang Rhode. Gutachter: Carsten Westphal." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1106333381/34.

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22

Escande, Lise. "Variabilité des blazars détectés par le télescope spatial Fermi-LAT : étude de 3C 454.3 et développement d’une méthode de génération de courbes de lumière optimisées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14565/document.

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Dédié à l'étude du ciel en rayons gamma, le satellite Fermi comporte à son bord le Large Area Telescope (LAT), sensible au rayonnement gamma de 20 MeV à 300 GeV. Les données recueillies par le LAT depuis son lancement en 2008 ont permis de multiplier par 10 le nombre de noyaux actifs de galaxie (NAG) détectés dans le domaine du GeV. Les rayons gamma observés dans les NAGs proviennent de processus énergétiques faisant intervenir des particules chargées de très haute énergie. Ces particules sont confinées dans un jet de plasma magnétisé qui prend sa source dans une région proche du trou noir sup

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23

Zefi, Floriana. "Gamma-ray flux variation studies from the blazar B2 1215+30 with the Fermi-LAT and the Crab Nebula with the H.E.S.S. experiment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS587/document.

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Les expériences actuelles en astronomie gamma sont le satellite Fermi-LAT et les expériences au sol tel que H.E.S.S., VERITAS et MAGIC. La surveillance des sources d’énergie très élevées indique une physique diversifiée. Afin d’étudier la forme la plus énergétique de radiation et les phénomènes les plus violents qui se déroulent dans l’Univers, l’analyse des sources individuelles est importante. Les BL Lac, un type de galaxie active, constituent la classe de source extragalactique la plus abondante détecté dans les énergies du GeV au TeV, tandis que le nébuleuses de vent de Pulsar sont la clas

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24

Eichmann, Björn [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Rhode, and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlickeiser. "Leptonic and hadronic radiation production in flaring blazars : A theoretical analysis of the temporal development of the emergent synchrotron, gamma ray and neutrino intensity / Björn Eichmann. Betreuer: Wolfgang Rhode. Gutachter: Reinhard Schlickeiser." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1099295351/34.

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25

Dmytriiev, Anton. "Exploring active galactic nuclei at extreme energies : analysis and modeling of multi-wavelength flares and preparation of CTA." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/Dmytriiev_Anton_va2.pdf.

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De nombreuses questions liées à la physique des jets des Noyaux Actifs de Galaxies restent ouvertes. Une classe particulière d’AGN, les blazars, a un jet pointant vers la Terre. Une telle orientation du jet nous permet de sonder une riche variété de phénomènes physiques mal compris sur les écoulements relativistes. Les blazars montrent une émission non thermique, provenant du jet, qui est très variable sur tout le spectre électromagnétique, des radiofréquences aux rayons gamma du TeV. Le flux d’énergie peut augmenter d’un ordre de grandeur sur des échelles de temps aussi courtes que quelques m

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Buckman, Benjamin Jerome. "Cosmic-Ray Emission as a Window into Extragalactic Environments: Starburst Galaxies & Blazars." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595554171852752.

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27

Spingola, Cristiana. "Radio follow-up of the gamma-ray flaring gravitational lens B0218+357." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7230/.

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B0218+357 è un blazar soggetto al lensing che si trova a z=0.944. Questo sistema consiste in due componenti compatte (A e B) e un anello di Einstein. Recentemente è stato associato ad una sorgente gamma soggetta a burst osservata con il satellite Fermi-LAT. Questo blazar ha mostrato una forte variabilità in banda γ da agosto a settembre del 2012. Gli episodi di variabilità osservati hanno consentito di misurare per la prima volta in banda gamma il ritardo temporale previsto dalla teoria del lensing gravitazionale. Le osservazioni in banda gamma sono state seguite da un programma di monito

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Griffiths, Scott Tyler. "Exploring the limits of Lorentz invariance with VERITAS gamma-ray observations of Markarian 421." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1847.

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The search for a theory of quantum gravity has persisted through the last century. Although many beautiful theories such as string theory and loop quantum gravity have been proposed, experimental evidence to support or refute these theories has been difficult to obtain. Searching for Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is one of a limited number of experimental tests which can be used to search for evidence of quantum gravity since new physics may only be observable at energies well beyond those present in the most energetic astrophysical objects, which are far greater than the energies accessi

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Pia, Valerio. "Calcolo del flusso di raggi-γ del Blazar PKS B1424-418". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12048/.

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Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di analizzare i dati raccolti dal Large Area Telescope a bordo del satellite Fermi con l'obiettivo di ricavare il flusso di raggi-γ, di energia compresa tra 100 MeV e 300 GeV, prodotti dal Blazar PKS B1424-418 in un periodo compreso tra l'1 Gennaio 2012 e il 4 Settembre 2016. Secondo alcuni modelli questo blazar potrebbe essere infatti la prima sorgente di Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray associata sperimentalmente all'emissione di neutrini. L'analisi dei dati è effettuata tramite il pacchetto di software Fermi Science Tools.

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30

Giavitto, Gianluca. "Observing the VHE Gamma Ray Sky with the MAGIC Telescopes: the Blazar B3 2247+381 and the Crab Pulsar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116193.

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El objetivo de esta tesis es ampliar nuestra comprensión de la física de dos clases de fuentes astrofísicas entre las más importantes emisoras de radiación no-térmica: blazars y púlsares. En particular, la tesis relata sobre la observación del blazar B3 2247 381 y el púlsar del Cangrejo. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la medición de rayos gamma por encima de ~50 GeV con los telescopios MAGIC. Las dos clases de fuentes incluidas en esta tesis no están fuertemente relaccionadas, sin embargo, representan dos ejemplos interesantes de cómo observaciones de rayos gamma en una gama de

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31

Bollström, Nadja. "A gamma-ray study of a highly variable blazar : The Fermi-LAT analysis and the modeling of the FSRQ PKS 1510–089." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104617.

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The subject of this thesis is the analysis and modeling of the active galactic nucleus PKS 1510-089. The aim is to present a thorough background of active galactic nuclei combined with the analysis and modeling of a specific active galactic nucleus. The results will then be linked to previous research and theories about active galactic nuclei. The data used in the analysis were retrieved from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. A light curve analysis that extended over 12 years provided knowledge about variability and presented four interesting flaring periods. The four periods underwent a s

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Berger, Karsten. "Discovery and Characterization of the first Low-Peaked and Intermediate-Peaked BL Lacertae Objects in the Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Regime." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3743/.

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Caneva, Gessica De. "Studies of active galactic nuclei with the MAGIC telescopes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17179.

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Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Emission von hochenergetischer Gammastrahlung aus Aktiven Galaxienkernen, anhand von Beobachtungen mit den MAGIC Teleskopen. Aktive Galaxien entstehen durch die Freisetzung von Gravitationsenergie der Stellarmaterie, die in das zentrale Schwarze Loch fällt. Zwei diametral entgegengesetzte Jets strömen aus dem Kern. Falls einer von diesen Jets zum Beobachter zeigt, wird der aktive Galaxienkern als Blazar bezeichnet. In dieser Doktorarbeit wird die Analyse der MAGIC Beobachtungen von drei Blazaren präsentiert: der bisher unbekannte hochenergetische Blazar 1ES 1

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Richards, Joseph Lee. "The Radio Variability of Gamma-Ray Blazars." Thesis, 2012. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/6945/1/richards_joseph_l_2012_thesis.pdf.

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Since late 2007, we have regularly monitored over 1100 systematically selected blazars at 15 GHz using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 m radio telescope. The number of sources in the program has grown to nearly 1600, including all the active galactic nuclei associated with Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray point source detections north of our declination limit of -20°. Here, we describe the first 42 months of this program, including the design and implementation of an automated data reduction pipeline and a MySQL database system for storing the reduced data and intermediate da

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Max-Moerbeck, Astudillo Walter Kennerth. "The Relationship Between the Radio and Gamma-Ray Emission of Blazars." Thesis, 2013. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7784/1/thesis.pdf.

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<p>Blazars are active galaxies with a jet closely oriented to our line of sight. They are powerful, variable emitters from radio to gamma-ray wavelengths. Although the general picture of synchrotron emission at low energies and inverse Compton at high energies is well established, important aspects of blazars are not well understood. In particular, the location of the gamma-ray emission region is not clearly established, with some theories favoring a location close to the central engine, while others place it at parsec scales in the radio jet.</p> <p>We developed a program to locate the gam

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Bhattacharya, Debbijoy. "Origin Of The Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2252.

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It is evident that the origin of EGRB is not well established. In this thesis I examine the unresolved discrete origin of EGRB. The contribution from normal galaxies, starburst galaxies and AGNs to the EGRB is examined. The second chapter includes the methodology used to find the contributions from different source classes. In the third chapter the contribution from normal and starburst galaxies is discussed. A methodology is developed to derive the contribution from normal and starburst galaxies to the EGRB considering all the major γ-ray production processes in these galaxies. The calculatio

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Zacharopoulou, Olga [Verfasser]. "On the origin of the unusually hard γ-ray [gamma-ray] spectra of TeV blazars / put forward by Olga Zacharopoulou". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009928805/34.

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Wagner, Robert Marcus [Verfasser]. "Measurement of very high energy gamma-ray emission from four blazars using the MAGIC telescope and a comparative blazar study / Robert Marcus Wagner." 2006. http://d-nb.info/98518826X/34.

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Eggen, Joseph. "Optical Polarimetry and Gamma-Ray Observations of a Sample of Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies." 2014. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/70.

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The recent discovery of a new population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) – the Radio Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (RL NLS1) galaxies – at g-ray energies by Fermi has prompted intense interest among researchers, as evidence mounts that these objects may in fact compose a new class of blazars. If RL NLS1s are indeed a new class of blazars, or at least analogous to them, then the detection of certain blazar-like properties would be expected. These properties include significant variability at all wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum and on timescales from minutes to years, significant &

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Swaby, David. "Flasher calibration of the T1 and T2 CANGAROO telescopes and TeV gamma ray observation of Markarian 421 and EXO 055625-3838.6 BL Lacertae blazars." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66096.

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Calibration tests were made on the T1 and T2 telescopes of the CANGAROO collaboration in 2001 to 2003, using a custom-made LED light flasher apparatus to test the two (T1 and T2) telescope responses to a fixed amplitude light signal. The flasher apparatus was set up (a kilometre distance from the telescopes), to trigger the telescopes with a 10 nanosecond or 20 nanosecond pulse width flash, running at a rate of 1 kilohertz. Measurement of the light intensity of the flasher was achieved by using a custom-made PIN diode monitor coupled to the flasher output. After data analysis, it was found tha

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Brill, Aryeh Louis. "Advancing Blazar Science with Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Telescopes." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jznf-8e64.

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Abstract:

Blazars, active galactic nuclei with relativistic jets pointed almost directly at Earth, are powerful and highly variable sources of nonthermal electromagnetic radiation, including very-high-energy gamma rays. We can detect these gamma rays with arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), including the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) and the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). After reviewing the science of blazars and the methods used by IACTs, we investigate how gamma-ray variability can provide insight into blazars' physical properties

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