Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gang prevention

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gang prevention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gang prevention"

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Chalas, Dawn Marie, and Jana Grekul. "I’ve Had Enough: Exploring Gang Life From the Perspective of (Ex) Members in Alberta." Prison Journal 97, no. 3 (May 11, 2017): 364–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885517705312.

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Administrators and frontline workers in correctional centers and in the community search for effective gang prevention and intervention programs. To this aim, semistructured interviews with 175 male and female adult (ex) gang members in correctional centers and community corrections exploring a range of topics were conducted. Presented here is an overview of the childhood experiences of the sample, gang experiences, and prevention and intervention strategies identified as helpful by participants. Street–prison gang connections and the impact of gang desistance are explored, as is the influence of local context on the types of gangs and the implications for programming.
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Kolb, Abigail, and Ted Palys. "Homegirls, Hoodrats and Hos: Co-constructing Gang Status through Discourse and Performance." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i4.334.

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Despite a growing literature regarding female gang membership, little is known about the ways in which gang-affiliated women negotiate the boundaries of gang membership. The current study, based on semi-structured interviews with twenty-four formerly gang-affiliated Chicana women involved with a prominent gang prevention/intervention organization, sought to understand how these women negotiated their interactions and understood their identity within the gang. Findings suggest that these women and the gangs in which they operate recreate broader gender norms that affect their standing and social mobility within the gang.
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De Vito, Katherine. "Seeking a secure base: Gangs as attachment figures." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019852659.

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Street gangs are problematic throughout the world. Youth involved with street gangs are at a higher risk for winding up seriously physically injured, dead, or incarcerated. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine (a) how the childhood experiences of former gang members shape their decision to join a gang and (b) the factors that contribute to former gang members’ decision to disengage from gang membership. This study will promote the use of attachment theory to analyze motivating/disengagement factors for gang involvement. The voices of 14 former gang members are heard through qualitative interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify the following themes: Lack of Family Consistency, Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity: Gang as Replacement Family, “No other Option,” and “Jail, Death, or a Turnaround:” Making the Decision to Disengage. Findings could be used to aid in youth gang prevention and intervention.
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Vigil, James, Tomson Nguyen, and Jesse Cheng. "Asian Americans on the Streets: Strategies for Prevention and Intervention." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 4, no. 2 (2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus4.2_1-14_vigiletal.

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Notably lacking in the literature on Vietnamese and Cambodian youth gangs in the United States and particularly southern California have been solutions that address the underlying causative factors of gang involvement. Relying on life histories collected over a span of fifteen years, the authors propose a multi-faceted prevention and intervention strategy that includes the community and schools to heighten cultural awareness for children and parents. It is also recommended that policies take into account nuanced differences between Asian communities and bring together multiple stakeholders including officials and hard-core gang members to improve communicative problems that have resulted in gang-policy failures.
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Mallion, Jaimee, and Jane Wood. "Street Gang Intervention: Review and Good Lives Extension." Social Sciences 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9090160.

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Tackling street gangs has recently been highlighted as a priority for public health. In this paper, the four components of a public health approach were reviewed: (1) surveillance, (2) identifying risk and protective factors, (3) developing and evaluating interventions at primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary intervention stages, and (4) implementation of evidence-based programs. Findings regarding the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs for street gang members were mixed, with unclear goals/objectives, limited theoretical foundation, and a lack of consistency in program implementation impeding effectiveness at reducing street gang involvement. This paper proposes that the Good Lives Model (GLM), a strengths-based framework for offender rehabilitation, provides an innovative approach to street gang intervention. Utilizing approach-goals, the GLM assumes that improving an individual’s internal skills and external opportunities will reduce the need to become involved in street gangs. Wrapping the GLM framework around current evidence-based interventions (e.g., Functional Family Therapy) increases client engagement and motivation to change, which is notably poor amongst those at risk of, or involved in, street gangs.
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Nyabadza, F., C. P. Ogbogbo, and J. Mushanyu. "Modelling the role of correctional services on gangs: insights through a mathematical model." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 170511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170511.

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Research has shown that gang membership increases the chances of offending, antisocial behaviour and drug use. Gang membership should be acknowledged as part of crime prevention and policy designs, and when developing interventions and preventative programmes. Correctional services are designed to rehabilitate convicted offenders. We formulate a deterministic mathematical model using nonlinear ordinary differential equations to investigate the role of correctional services on the dynamics of gangs. The recruitment into gang membership is assumed to happen through an imitation process. An epidemic threshold value, R g , termed the gang reproduction number, is proposed and defined herein in the gangs’ context. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation. This means that gangs may persist in the population even if R g is less than one. Sensitivity analysis of R g was performed to determine the relative importance of different parameters in gang initiation. The critical efficacy ε * is evaluated and the implications of having functional correctional services are discussed.
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Valasik, Matthew, and Matthew Phillips. "Understanding modern terror and insurgency through the lens of street gangs: ISIS as a case study." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-07-2016-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use nearly a century’s worth of gang research to inform us about modern terrorist groups, specifically the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Design/methodology/approach A case study approach is employed, comparing and contrasting the competing theoretical frameworks of gangs and terrorist organisations to understand group structure, demographics, patterns of behaviour (e.g. territoriality, strategic, and instrumental violence), goals, and membership patterns of ISIS. Findings The qualitative differences of ISIS make them more comparable to street gangs than other terrorist groups. Practical implications ISIS, while being qualitatively different from other terrorist groups, actually has many similarities with street gangs allowing for the adaptation of effective gang prevention, intervention, and suppression strategies. This paper highlights how the expansive literature on street gangs is able to inform practical interventions to directly target ISIS and deradicalise potential recruits. By introducing a gang-terror nexus on the crime-terror continuum, this paper provides a useful perspective on the decentralised but dynamic nature of modern era insurgencies. This paper urges similar case studies of terrorist organisations to determine the extent to which they conform to street gang characteristics. Originality/value Terrorist groups are often compared to street gangs, yet it has not been until the last few years that gang researchers (Curry, 2011; Decker and Pyrooz, 2011, 2015a, b) have begun to compare and contrast these two deviant group archetypes. The goal of this paper is to use nearly a hundred years of gang research to better equip scholars and practitioners with a broader understanding of terrorism and insurgency in the era of globalisation by presenting a case study of ISIS using a street gang perspective.
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Wong, Jennifer S., Jason Gravel, Martin Bouchard, Karine Descormiers, and Carlo Morselli. "Promises kept? A meta-analysis of gang membership prevention programs." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 2, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-06-2015-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the effects of gang prevention programs on gang membership. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a systematic literature review across 19 bibliographic databases and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of these strategies. Findings – The database search resulted in 3,850 hits. Of the 162 studies that were screened in full, six involved a prevention program with outcomes commensurate for meta-analysis. Pooled log odds ratios indicate a significant, positive effect of gang prevention programs at reducing gang membership; however, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the results are driven by the effects of a single study. Originality/value – Despite the small sample size, the current study presents the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of gang membership prevention programs. There is a critical need in the field of gang control for rigorous evaluation of prevention strategies.
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Esbensen, Finn-Aage, L. Thomas Winfree, Ni He, and Terrance J. Taylor. "Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues: When is a Gang a Gang, and Why Does it Matter?" Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047001005.

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The recent explosion in gang research has highlighted the importance of consistent definitions for gang affiliation and gang-related crime. Definitional questions have assumed greater significance in the wake of broad-ranging prevention and intervention strategies. In this article, the authors utilize a sample of approximately 6,000 middle-school students to examine the youth gang phenomenon using five increasingly restrictive membership definitions. The least restrictive definition includes all youth who claim gang membership at some point in time. The most restrictive definition includes only those youth who are current core gang members who indicate that their gang has some degree of organizational structure and whose members are involved in illegal activities. The authors examine the differentially defined gang and nongang youths on various demographic characteristics, theretical factors, and levels of self-reported crime. The authors also address the theoretical and policy implications of shifting definitions of gang membership.
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Forster, Myriam, Timothy J. Grigsby, Jennifer B. Unger, and Steve Sussman. "Associations between Gun Violence Exposure, Gang Associations, and Youth Aggression: Implications for Prevention and Intervention Programs." Journal of Criminology 2015 (February 5, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/963750.

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Using cross-sectional data collected from three middle schools in Southeast Los Angeles, we assessed the association of neighborhood violence exposure, gang associations, and social self-control with past week aggression in a sample of minority youth (n=164). Results from Poisson and logistic regression models showed that direct exposure to gun violence, having friends in gangs, and low social self control were all positively associated with past week aggression. Among girls, having gang affiliated family members was positively associated with aggression, whereas among boys having friends in gangs was associated with past week aggression. Subjective expectations of engagement in future interpersonal violence were associated with being male, having friends in gangs, and fear of neighborhood gun violence. We recommend that youth violence prevention and intervention programs address the impact of family, peers, and gun violence on student coping and identify students with low social self-control who could benefit from social and emotional skills training.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gang prevention"

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Durán, Robert. "Fatalistic social control : the reproduction of oppression through the medium of gangs /." Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207689.

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Wood, Sherree F. "Strategies Employed by School Administrators to Prevent or Reduce Gang-Related Activity and Violence in Selected High Schools in a North Central Texas School District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278289/.

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This research investigated the strategies used by school administrators in selected high schools to prevent or reduce gang-related activity and violence. Interviews were conducted with six high school principals, six assistant principals, fifteen staff members and eleven students. All of the students were gang members. The results of the study showed that there are gang members in all schools, but that their gang activity at school is curtailed by some specific strategies.
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Peters, Sean Michael. "Youth gang involvement in early adolescence an examination of environmental and individual risk factors /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035164.

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Devor, Bryan William. "Controlling gang crime: The Santa Nita gang injunction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/138.

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The purpose of this study will explore increasing gang membership, gang structure, and strategies utilized by the criminal justice system in attempting to curb gang-related crime and activities. Through a quantitative research study, the researcher examined crime in the cities of Garden Grove, California and Santa Ana, California in an attempt to determine the success of the Santa Nita Gang Injunction in reducing crime within the injunctions "safety zone."
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Rogers, Mario Leone. "Gang activity in San Bernardino, California: A needs assessment for Operation Phoenix." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3357.

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This research study examined an innovative gang approach in the city of San Bernardino called Operation Phoenix. The purpose of this study was to conduct a needs assessment for Operation Phoenix. This qualitative and quantitative study examined how effective Operation Phoenix was in the prevention, intervention, and suppression of gang activity in the city of San Bernardino. In addition it assessed the unique needs of this comprehensive gang program.
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Pehilj, Sanela Alic. "Ungdomsbrottslighet i gäng: risk och prevention Litteraturöversikt med teoretiska analyser." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25909.

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I denna uppsats försöker jag förklara vad ungdomsbrottslighet innebär, vilka faktorer gör så att man som ungdom utför brottsliga handlingar och hamnar i kriminella gäng samt hur man på bästa sätt kan förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Jag har gjort en litteraturöversikt och sedan behandlat informationen med hjälp av två tidigare teorier, sociala bandteorin och inlärningsteorin. För att få mina frågeställningar besvarade har jag fokuserat på ungdomar och hur det kommer sig att de väljer en kriminell väg. I diskussion och resultat stycket presenterar jag vad jag kommit fram till i analysdelen och analyserar resultatet med dem valde teorierna. I uppsatsen tar jag även upp om det finns någon koppling mellan maskulinitet och brottslighet och iså fall vilken.
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Escribano, Lorraine M. "Exploring School Engagement as a Protective Factor for Youth At Risk of Joining Gangs." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/441.

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Research on gangs has traditionally focused on identifying the risk factors associated with youth gang membership in multiple developmental domains with limited attention on examining the protective factors that may buffer youth from joining gangs (Howell & Egley, 2005). Educational and psychological research have found robust evidence that school engagement protects youth from a host of risky activities and negative outcomes (e.g., substance use, dropping out of school) and may hold promise in also protecting youth from gang involvement. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is three-fold: (1) to identify students who are at risk for gangs; (2) to investigate whether school engagement can be a protective factor for youth at risk for joining gangs; and (3) to examine whether a well-supported model of motivational development can account for the dynamics that may facilitate or undermine school engagement as a protective factor for gang involvement. Data (N = 342) from an ethnically/racially diverse and socio-economic homogeneous sample were analyzed. Students reported on their levels of (1) engagement versus disaffection from school activities, (2) belongingness, competence, and autonomy, (3) school climate and teacher support, and (4) attraction to and participation in diverse extracurricular activities. In addition, an innovative method for measuring student attraction to gangs was tested. Preliminary evidence indicated that Gang Attraction Profile was a distinct student profile that was structurally different and not redundant with traditional methods of self-reported gang membership. The Gang Attraction profile was sensitive in distinguishing youth of differing levels of gang attraction and gang involvement. Results also indicated that school environments that are experienced as supportive and caring promoted student engagement and achievement. Evidence was found that belongingness to the school played an important role in buffering youth from being attracted to and involved in gangs. Specifically, a student's self-perception of belongingness was related to higher levels of school engagement and teacher support, and lower levels of gang attraction and gang involvement. These results not only highlighted the importance of school belongingness in buffering youth from negative outcomes such as gang involvement and gang attraction, but also revealed a different motivational process that may lead to gang involvement than previously expected. Implications for the design of prevention and intervention programs are discussed as well as directions for future research.
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Lor, Kevin C. "Factors leading Hmong youths to join gangs." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003lorc.pdf.

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Kinsey, Dirk. "Out in "The Numbers": Youth and Gang Violence Initiatives and Uneven Development in Portland's Periphery." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3365.

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Incidence of youth and gang violence in the Portland, Oregon metro area has increased dramatically over the past five years. This violence has recently become more spatially diffuse, shifting outwards from gentrified, inner city neighborhoods, towards the city's periphery. These incidents exist within the context of a shifting regional political economy, characterized by a process of gentrification associated displacement and growing, and distinctly racialized and spatialized, inequalities. While gang researchers have long argued a corollary between the emergence of gangs and economically and culturally polarized urban landscapes, the ongoing suburbanization of poverty in American cities suggests a new landscape of uneven power differentials playing out between disenfranchised youth and those seeking to police and prevent violence. This paper provides a critical examination of how local agencies charged with addressing youth and gang violence are responding to shifts in the landscape of violence and navigating the inequitable distribution of wealth and resources in the "progressive" city. Drawing on interviews conducted with police, policy makers and gang outreach workers, the author investigates both perceptions of gentrification's role in youth and gang violence and the spacialities of emerging enforcement and prevention efforts. My findings suggest that prevention and enforcement efforts frequently rely on techniques and models designed to replicate conditions in older, gentrified neighborhoods, while perhaps unwittingly reifying existing inequalities. Ultimately, I hope to reveal some of the links, both at macro-structural levels and those of daily practice, between a shifting political economy and emerging forms of suburban policing.
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Cruz, Edwin. "Gang Prevention for Youth through Boxing and Anger Management Training| A Grant Proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10785298.

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The purpose of this thesis was to write a grant to fund anger management groups for at-risk youth. The groups would be held immediately after the boxing classes currently offered by the city of Hawaiian Gardens. Six sessions are envisioned. Topics would include self-responsibility and accountability for one’s actions inside and outside of the ring, alternatives to conflict, emotion-regulation skills, and coping with triggers. The goals are to enhance anger management skills, develop positive social skills, and decrease the risk for aggressive behavior and delinquency. In turn, this is expected to reduce the risk for gang membership.

The city of Hawaiian Gardens would be the host agency for this program. The funding source selected was the city of Hawaiian Gardens in conjunction with the Board of State and Community Corrections.

Based on the review of the literature, pairing a gang prevention program with sports has the potential to engage at-risk youth and deter them from the gang culture. The proposed program is expected to provide at-risk youth in the disadvantaged community of Hawaiian Gardens with a positive alternative path in life.

The actual submission of the grant proposal was not required as part of the thesis project.

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Books on the topic "Gang prevention"

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Police, Illinois State. Street gang awareness. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois State Police, 1999.

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Thomas, Simon, Nancy Ritter, and Reshma R. Mahendra. Changing course: Preventing gang membership. Edited by United States. Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice (U.S.), and National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.). Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 2013.

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De Vito, Katherine. Gang Prevention in Schools. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8.

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New York (State). Temporary Commission of Investigation. Combating gang activity in New York: Suppression, intervention, prevention. New York, N.Y: New York State Commission of Investigation, 2006.

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Cooper, John G. Youth gangs: Causes, violence and interventions. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Jackson, Robert K. Understanding street gangs. Incline Village, Nev: Copperhouse Pub. Co., 2000.

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Pavlinov, A. V. Borʹba s nezakonnymi vooruzhennymi formirovanii︠a︡mi: Ugolovno-pravovye, sot︠s︡ialʹnye i ugolovno-politicheskie aspekty : uchebnoe posobie. Vladimir: Vladimirskiĭ i︠u︡ridicheskiĭ institut Mini︠u︡sta Rossii, 2000.

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D, McBride Wesley, ed. Understanding street gangs. Sacramento: Custom Publishing Company, 1985.

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Grekul, Jana Marie. An investigation into the formation and recruitment processes of Aboriginal gangs in western Canada. [Ottawa]: Public Safety Canada, Aboriginal Corrections Policy Unit, 2006.

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Norfolk (Va.). Gang Task Force. Gang prevention and intervention plan. Washington, DC: ICMA, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gang prevention"

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De Vito, Katherine. "School Prevention Programs." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_12.

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Densley, James A. "Gang Prevention and Intervention." In How Gangs Work, 142–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137271518_8.

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De Vito, Katherine. "Theories of Gang Involvement." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 9–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_2.

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De Vito, Katherine. "Case Illustrations." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 79–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_7.

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De Vito, Katherine. "“No Other Option:” The Role of Social Environment." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 51–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_5.

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De Vito, Katherine. "“Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity:” Gang as Replacement Family." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 39–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_4.

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De Vito, Katherine. "“Death, Jail, or a Turnaround:” Making the Decision to Disengage." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 63–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_6.

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De Vito, Katherine. "A Piece About Trauma-Informed Practice." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_11.

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De Vito, Katherine. "Lack of Family Consistency: Relating Attachment Theory with Gang Involvement." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 19–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_3.

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De Vito, Katherine. "Being the Change: Making a Difference." In Gang Prevention in Schools, 189–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82914-8_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gang prevention"

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KELANEMER, Dr Asma. "MECHANISMS FOR CONFRONTING NEIGHBORHOOD GANGS AS A CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEVELOPMENT." In I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-13.

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Recently, dangerous crime, represented by neighbourhood gangs, has spread across Algerian society, with evictions affecting most of the chaotic neighborhoods and flowing into large new residential complexes, most of which do not have adequate security shields to maintain safety. and tranquility and protection of the people and their property. Violence is common in these communities. In the face of this increasing crime, traditional means of deterrence are no longer effective, prompting the Algerian Legislature to intervene and put an end to this dangerous criminal phenomenon by issuing Regulation No. 20/03 on Gang Prevention. Biology and its control, including preventive and deterrent measures. The importance of this study is reflected in the sensitivity of the subject, which falls within the scope of neighborhood gang crime, which continues to occur in Algeria, given the record increase in the number of criminal attacks, the use of cold weapons and drug abuse. The purpose of this intervention is to clarify the prevention and deterrence mechanisms set out in Regulation No. 20/03 of 30 August 2020 to prevent and combat neighborhood gangs, as previous legal means have failed to curb the growth of gangs in neighborhoods. this phenomenon.
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Jia, Haoran, Haoyu Li, Xinyue Li, Xiaoxian Shen, Yichen Wang, Zichun Liao, Andrea L. Bertozzi, P. Jeffrey Brantingham, and Jona Lelmi. "Intentional Youth Development Activities and Peer Effects in a Gang Prevention Program." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386512.

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Zhao, Fugang. "Gang Theft Crime Behavior and Prevention Control System Based on Computer Data Analysis." In 2023 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Information Technology (AICIT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicit59054.2023.10277825.

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Abdalhusein Almtlak, Asmar. "The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/41.

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During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
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Parung, Christina Albertina Ludwinia, and I. Gusti Ayu Maya Vratasti. "PSYCHOEDUCATION TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF HIV AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN SURABAYA CITY." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact015.

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"Sexual transmission of HIV among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) is believed to be one of the sources of the AIDS epidemic. Nowadays, governments, communities, and NGOs are taking action to prevent its spread by assisting and educating groups of MSM in their countries. This assistance involves experts in many fields of study, including psychology. In the field of psychology, psychoeducation is believed to be one of the ways to assist the MSM groups. In September to December 2019, the authors conducted a mentoring effort to the MSM community at the MSM community gathering location called Gang Pattaya, in the city of Surabaya, the second largest and densely populated city in Indonesia The existence of this community is disguised by the general public, but is well known by NGOs. Community members do MSM out of their liking, although some do it in exchange for money. However, safety factors, such as using condoms for MSM, are not a priority for this community. They do MSM whether they receive a reward or not, just out of a boost of pleasure. There is no attempt to find out the health of the partner once they are attracted to each other. In general, they do not know whether they are infected with HIV. Most of them feel healthy and since they do not show any symptoms, they think it is not necessary to get tested. In the mentoring process, we conduct psychoeducation, which begins with an approach to certain individuals so that they are comfortable with our presence, then increasing awareness of safer sex behavior for HIV prevention for groups in the form of counseling using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) approach. Counseling is carried out in various forms including roleplay, games, and seminars. The number of participants was 11 people as agents of changes of the community, varying from 19 - 47 years old. Pretest related to knowledge of safer sex was carried out before conducting the intervention and post-test after the intervention. The normality test used is the Shapiro-Wilk analysis. Different tests on the data obtained were carried out using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. None of the participants had lower post-test knowledge scores than the pre-test. Prestest and post test for safer sex behavior showed 2 participants with safer sex behavior did not change. Both belong to the senior group, while other participants have an improvement in their safer sex behavior. These findings suggest that intervention programs for MSM as an effort to reduce HIV transmission should pay attention to affective and cognitive coping strategies."
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Jasim Muhammad Hamza, Rana. "The Yazidi Survivors Between the Tragedy of the Genocide and the Reality of the Camps." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/33.

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"The camps are a cumulative assembly that does not constitute a sense of belonging and does not constitute a coherent social body. Therefore, the camps were not prepared to meet the needs, and are not suitable for practicing work except in the most limited limits, almost creating a feeling for those who live in them that they are neglected, and that life in the camps reminds the survivors Every day, with what they have lost, they find themselves in a vicious circle. It is clear that the issue of Yazidi women has become a general humanitarian and social issue on the one hand, and a special issue related to women and the forms of kidnapping, rape and violence they have been subjected .to This study seeks to examine the situation of Yazidi girls and women after their return from kidnapping, and about the reality of the services provided to them by some international and local organizations. Based on the importance of documenting these services provided to women and girls in displacement camps, the study focuses on the service frameworks provided to them, as it is an important step in knowing the size of the gap in the protection services provided to them, and the study contributes to identifying the priorities that must be taken into account when developing plans future to achieve better conditions for Yazidi women survivors of violence. The study shows that women are suffering from multiple forms of violations committed against them, as women have suffered a lot from the effects of the control of (ISIS) gangs from kidnapping, rape and forced marriage, as well as forcing them to convert to the Islamic religion, Women still suffer from an unknown fate, as girls and women today have become widows or orphans in situations devoid of protection and support mechanisms. Most of the survivors, whether residing in the camps or residing outside the camps, lack health services, including psychological and social support. This study aims to identify the social and economic conditions that Yazidi women live in the camps, with the identification of the most important services provided to Yazidi women and their effectiveness in covering their needs. Given the 4 importance of this study, we will rely on the case study method, because it reveals to us closely the real and actual conditions of the .Yazidi women's conditions after their return inside the camps"
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Saeed Ghafoor Ahmad, Kosar, and Amanj nasih qadir omer. "Prosecuting the perpetrators of the Camp Speicher crime according to Iraqi laws or the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/45.

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"This work includes talking about the crime of Camp Speicher, in which 1,700 students of the Iraqi army of the Sheea creed were killed by the gangs of the terrorist organization ISIS, with the aim of eliminating the members of this sect because of the misleading ideology carried by those gangs. On 6-12-2014, Iraqi soldiers at Camp Speicher (Speicher Air Base) in Tikrit were subjected to murder and enforced disappearance by terrorist organizations because of their affiliation to the Sheea creed. This crime was among a series of brutal crimes for the genocide of Sheeas in Iraq. This is similar to what happened in the Badoush prison crime in the province of Mosul, which the Iraqi Parliament considered it as a crime of genocide, in which these gangs executed about (400) members of the prison inmates of the Sheea component. After ISIS took control of the city of Tikrit in Iraq, and one day after they took control of the city of Mosul, they captured (2000-2200) soldiers and led them to the presidential palaces in Tikrit, and they shot them there and in other areas and buried some of them alive. This disaster had a negative impact on the families of the victims of the Speicher where they went out in demonstrations demanded that the leaders who handed over the victims of Speicher to ISIS must be prosecuted, and in one of the demonstrations they managed to enter Parliament and demanded that the leaders who handed over Speicher to ISIS be held accountable. After that, many demonstrations took place by the families of the victims, some of which led to the closure of a bridge in Baghdad a few times Protesting the government's delay in clarifying the fate of their children or taking quick measures. The Iraqi parliament and government recently considered the Speicher incident “genocide” in reference to the premeditated murder of Badoush Prison inmates in Nineveh Governorate and the unarmed Speicher military base, the premeditated murder of members of the Albu Nimr, Jabour, al-Lahib, and al-Ubaid tribes, and the killing and displacement of civilians from Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and Shabaks in Sahel Nineveh, Sinjar, deliberate killing and displacement of Turkmens in Tal Afar and Bashir. This decision paves the way for obtaining international recognition from it as a ""genocide"" as stipulated in the Contract of the United Nations in 1948, and Iraq signed it in the fifties of the last century. This study attempts to explain the Al-Ikhnasas Court in looking into the crimes of genocide committed by ISIS against the bereaved students of the Air Force Base (Speicher) due to what this issue raised from the national and international public opinion, especially after the involvement of the Iraqi army leaders in this massacre, according to what witnesses reported in that area and what was reported by soldiers who survived the incident, in addition to the involvement of some members of the Sunni tribes in these crimes with the terrorist organization ISIS. The importance of this study lies in the following aspects: - That ISIS elements were tried according to Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, and from our point of view that the aforementioned law is vague and broader than it should be, and it applies to serious and simple crimes from murder to crimes of sabotage, and the list of crimes punishable by the death penalty according to the aforementioned law is a long list and spacious. - The Iraqi government has embarked on an attempt to develop a legal framework to prosecute ISIS elements, and its mission focused on understanding the procedures and results drawn from those judicial efforts, and its mission also focused on showing the efforts taken by the Iraqi government to address violations in the field of the right to life, including those committed by affiliated forces government as well as other international and domestic actors. The International Criminal Court is specialized in considering specific crimes under Article (5) of its Statute, which are war crimes, aggression and crimes against humanity, which necessitates the adaptation of Speicher's crime within any of the mentioned types of crimes. The assumption of the International Criminal Court in relation to the Speicher crime, includes several positive matters and results at the same time a set of negatives, which must be presented to those positives and negatives in order to give preference between them and the choice of authorizing the court to consider the crime or not. The terrorist organization ISIS has committed serious systematic violations, including war crimes and others, and perhaps those that are not under its control, and that none of these crimes can be addressed within the anti-terrorism law, which cannot address human rights violations. The international community has recognized the heinous violations committed by ISIS against the citizens of Iraq by adopting Resolution (2370) in September of 2017, issued by the Security Council, which authorizes the Security Council to appoint an investigation team to support local efforts to hold ISIS elements accountable by collecting and preserving evidence in Iraq, which can rise to a high level, and it was committed by the elements of the organization. It considers that the decision constitutes a burden and an obligation on Iraq to investigate all allegations of violations committed by government forces for the purpose of holding them accountable, as well as requiring the establishment of special courts and trained judges in relation to ISIS crimes to deal with them. Terrorism is a global curse that has recently spread horizontally to all countries of the world and its effects have been concentrated vertically in some countries, and no one denies that the parties to this phenomenon are increasing (perpetrators and victims) and the United Nations in particular and the international community in general has not succeeded in reducing it despite the fact that the resolutions of the UN Security Council It is increasing, but the proportionality is absent between these decisions and the practical reality. The phenomenon of terrorism is spreading rapidly, and the perpetrators of terrorist acts are on the rise, corresponding to an increase in the victims of terrorism. Also, the circumstances and events that Iraq is going through, especially after 2003, put it at the forefront of countries which suffers from terrorism that has killed the people, using methods and forms that were not previously known and brutal and bloody cruel. ) for the year 2005, and since terrorism was not limited to Iraq, but included many countries, and was not specific to a place or time, nor was it recent in terms of composition. In addition, the aforementioned law cannot be aware of all violations of international and humanitarian law, as we mentioned previously, which requires the necessity of referring the criminals to a competent court. The Court conducts its rule under Article (13) of its Statute when referred to it by a state party to the same system or by the Security Council or when the Public Prosecutor conducts the investigation on his own, and then how does the Court take its measures regarding the aforementioned crime if we take a look Considering that the State of Iraq is not a member of the Statute of the Court. The rule of the court is free from the death penalty, which makes the idea of authorizing the court to consider the crime rejected by most Iraqis, especially the families of the victims. What are the negative aspects of the Iraqi national judiciary’s view of the Speicher crime, and how can it be avoided if the International Criminal Court plays this role? What are the guarantees provided by the court in the event that it proceeds with its procedures regarding this crime? The research on this subject is according to the appropriate method, which is the analytical and comparative method, which works on studying and comparing topics by analyzing ideas and jurisprudential rulings, and the positions of the governments of countries and the United Nations, as well as the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, and comparing arbitration between Iraqi courts. And the international courts regarding the trial of the perpetrators of the Speicher base crime, and then come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations."
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8

Bhagyashree, Vandana Kushwaha, and G. C. Nandi. "Study of Prevention of Mode Collapse in Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (CICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cict51604.2020.9312049.

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9

Bhagyashree, Vandana Kushwaha, and G. C. Nandi. "Study of Prevention of Mode Collapse in Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (CICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cict51604.2020.9312049.

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10

Peddada, Satya R. T., Pamela J. Tannous, Andrew G. Alleyne, and James T. Allison. "Optimal Sensor Placement Methods for Active Power Electronic Systems." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68253.

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Accurate temperature estimation of high density active power electronic systems is vital for dynamic thermal management. Accurate and reliable estimation is especially important in regions that are close to failure, either due to high temperature or significant materials or component sensitivity. Improved estimation can support lower safety factors and enhanced system performance. An investigation of optimal temperature sensor placement methods is presented here, focusing primarily on methods utilizing information-based metrics. In addition, physics-based metrics are explored in an initial study that may have the potential to be more closely aligned with overall system utility. Studies are based on a 2 kW, single-phase, seven-level, GaN-based inverter. A lumped-parameter reduced-order thermal model, developed in previous work, is used for real-time temperature estimation. A continuous relaxation of a 2D placement domain led to a novel linear programming formulation that supports solution of finely-discretized sensor placement problems with minimal computational expense. Improved sensor placement performance metrics account for multiple loading conditions and estimation accuracy with respect to failure prevention.
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Reports on the topic "Gang prevention"

1

Peirce, Jennifer, and Alexandre Veyrat-Pontet. Citizen Security in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009140.

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In the face of rising crime rates and increasingly complex transnational and local criminal dynamics, Belize's limited institutional resources are overstretched. Youth violence and gangs are of particular concern in urban areas, where lack of education and employment options converge with the prevalence of guns and trafficking networks. Despite some promising smaller-scale crime prevention initiatives, a comprehensive crime prevention strategy requires more significant institutional reforms. This Technical Note reviews the current trends in crime and violence in Belize and the government's existing policies and programs in the sector. It then proposes several short and medium-term actions to strengthen the government's ability to prevent and reduce crime and violence, such as consolidating strategic planning and information management efforts, designing prevention programs more tailored to specific at-risk groups, bolstering criminal investigation and community policing resources, and adapting the corrections system to the specific needs of juveniles and gang-involved youth.
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2

Patton, Desmond, and Catalina Vallejo. Examining Violence and Black Grief on Social Media: An Interview with Desmond Upton Patton. Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3020.d.2022.

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As part of our “What Is Just Tech?” series, we invited several social researchers—scholars, practitioners, artists, and activists—to respond to a simple yet fundamental question: “What is just technology?” This interview was conducted by Just Tech program officer Catalina Vallejo, who spoke with Desmond Upton Patton, Professor of Social Work at Columbia University and Just Tech Advisory Board member. Patton (he/him) studies how gang-involved youth conceptualize threats on social media and the extent to which social media may shape or facilitate youth and gang violence. He is the founding director of SAFElab, which centers young people’s perspectives in computational and social work research on violence, trains future social work scholars, and actively engages in violence prevention and intervention. In their conversation, Vallejo and Patton spoke about social media as an amplifier of violence, the importance of lived experience informing computational research, and misunderstandings about Black grief.
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