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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gang violence'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Wood, Sherree F. "Strategies Employed by School Administrators to Prevent or Reduce Gang-Related Activity and Violence in Selected High Schools in a North Central Texas School District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278289/.

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This research investigated the strategies used by school administrators in selected high schools to prevent or reduce gang-related activity and violence. Interviews were conducted with six high school principals, six assistant principals, fifteen staff members and eleven students. All of the students were gang members. The results of the study showed that there are gang members in all schools, but that their gang activity at school is curtailed by some specific strategies.
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2

Ahti, Anna K. "Tackling gang and youth related violence." Thesis, Swansea University, 2016. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa41150.

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This research is an evaluation of an initiative dealing with gang and youth related violence in an inner London borough. Gangs have received increased attention in recent years in England and Wales, both in the media and in the political debate. The Gangs Unit evaluated is of one of the first co-located multi-agency teams in England and Wales specifically put together to deal with these issues. The research was planned around the principles of realistic evaluation; the research attempted to find what, if anything, was it about working in this way that contributed to the reduction. By interviewing staff members and as a small sample of identified gang members and their families who the unit is supporting, benefits and challenges were identified in working in this manner. The challenges include lack of appropriate education, training and employment (ETE) opportunities indicating how the Gangs Unit works in a context that impacts its ability to meet some of the identified aims. A number of benefits were also identified including co-location and improved information sharing, which have contributed to the success of the model for professionals. Very little evidence was found regarding how the identified gang members can be supported in engaging in positive activities.
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3

Gonzalez, Dominquez Jose Fabian. "Gang membership, drug sales, violence, and guns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3358.

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The purpose of this study is to examine three factors relating to drug arrests using secondary data analysis. First, ethnic characteristics of a dealer were analyzed according to the location from where they sold their product. Next, possible factors associated with a police officer using force at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed. Finally, factors associated with a gun being present at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed.
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4

Long, Joseph E. "A social movement theory typology of gang violence." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FLong.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lee, Doowan ; Second Reader: Giordano, Frank. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 15, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Social Movement Theory, Repression, Coercion, Negative Channeling, Gang Violence, Outreach Programs. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available in print.
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5

Zavala, Egbert. "¡Haciendo travesuras con vatos locos como yo! A low-self control approach to gang violence, gang membership, and criminal offending--violent victimization among gang members." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7008.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
W. Richard Goe
Criminologists have traditionally studied criminal offending and violent victimization separately. Extant studies, however, demonstrates that criminals and victims overlap to some degree, hinting that a common underlying trait explains both criminal offending and violent victimization. This study tests whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory explains the overlap in criminal offending and violent victimization exposure among gang members. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States, 1995-1999, results from the regression models show that low self-control is to some degree correlated with criminal offending and violent victimization. Gang members were more likely than non-gang members to participate in some forms of criminal activities, but they were not more likely to be victimized. When variables stemming from social learning and social bonding are included in the regression models, results show that associating with delinquent peers had the strongest effect in predicting criminal offending, contradicting Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that self-control is the only cause of criminal behavior. In concert with previous studies that have found a link between low self-control and violent victimization, results show that youths with low self-control were somewhat more likely than youths with higher self-control to report being victimized. The results of the study, as well as venues for future research, are discussed.
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6

Kinsey, Dirk. "Out in "The Numbers": Youth and Gang Violence Initiatives and Uneven Development in Portland's Periphery." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3365.

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Incidence of youth and gang violence in the Portland, Oregon metro area has increased dramatically over the past five years. This violence has recently become more spatially diffuse, shifting outwards from gentrified, inner city neighborhoods, towards the city's periphery. These incidents exist within the context of a shifting regional political economy, characterized by a process of gentrification associated displacement and growing, and distinctly racialized and spatialized, inequalities. While gang researchers have long argued a corollary between the emergence of gangs and economically and culturally polarized urban landscapes, the ongoing suburbanization of poverty in American cities suggests a new landscape of uneven power differentials playing out between disenfranchised youth and those seeking to police and prevent violence. This paper provides a critical examination of how local agencies charged with addressing youth and gang violence are responding to shifts in the landscape of violence and navigating the inequitable distribution of wealth and resources in the "progressive" city. Drawing on interviews conducted with police, policy makers and gang outreach workers, the author investigates both perceptions of gentrification's role in youth and gang violence and the spacialities of emerging enforcement and prevention efforts. My findings suggest that prevention and enforcement efforts frequently rely on techniques and models designed to replicate conditions in older, gentrified neighborhoods, while perhaps unwittingly reifying existing inequalities. Ultimately, I hope to reveal some of the links, both at macro-structural levels and those of daily practice, between a shifting political economy and emerging forms of suburban policing.
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7

Yousuf, Sarah Fatima. "Ceasefire: breaking through the impenetrable gang world to eradicate violence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4461.

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8

Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.

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9

Edwards, Jamal S. "Examining gang violence through the lives and eyes of young male gang members: implications for educational leaders." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/237.

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This study examined gang violence through the lives and eyes of young male gang members. Throughout the conduction of this study; surveys were given and interviews were conducted to explore the phenomenon of gang violence as well as its implications for educational leaders. Variables were discussed in order to discover their influence on gang participation, activity, and violence. The variables ranged from lack of fathers, lack of religious belief, lack of positive role models, and the addiction to the gangster lifestyle, just to name a few. Of all the variables explored, the one that was unanimously the strongest was a lack of fathers. This prevailed throughout my research. Every gang member stated that a father or strong parental support/parental supervision, could have ultimately changed the outcome of their lives, most importantly leading them towards a life that did not involve the streets. Data showed that our educational system is failing our youth who are coming from urban environments and being educated in urban schools. My interviews showed that these young men feel that either teachers do not know, do not show, or simply just do not care about what goes on in the lives of these students outside the classroom. This dissertation gives an open, honest, and rarely seen picture of actual gang life along with the social and psychological effects it renders on its victims. For the first time, gang members spoke about their wants, loves, fears, and aspirations. This dissertation gave them a platform to be heard as individuals with real life problems that need attention and not ‘just another gang member.” Look then, if you will, at life from their perspective in an attempt to gain solutions through insight that can be applied in the classroom to achieve scholastic success. In ending, my hope is that the dissertation can be used by educational leaders to change the norm of urban schools in order to produce an environment that allows all students to succeed.
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10

Kawucha, Soraya K. "Institutional Misconduct Among Gang Related and Non-Gang Related Institutionalized Delinquents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5454/.

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The problems that gang members create within adult correctional facilities continue to receive attention in the literature. Gang members within juvenile institutions have received far less attention from researchers, and misconduct of these juveniles, both serious and non-serious, is relatively unexplored. This study explored the institutional misconduct of 4,309 male delinquents released from the Texas Youth Commission. Youths younger at commitment, those with a higher TYC risk score, and those youths with emotional problems were found more likely to commit both serious and non-serious institutional misconduct, regardless of gang membership. This thesis concludes with suggestions for additional research on gang members within juvenile institutions and the relationship of gang membership to institutional misconduct.
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11

Hebert, Laura B. "Leadership in Gang-Impacted Schools: How Principals Lead in Schools That Have Less Gang Activity Than Their Community." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77341.

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A safe (free from gang activity) and disciplined school environment conducive to learning is mandated by federal legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act. Research has concentrated on reasons for gang activity in the school and the community as well as leadership in general but there is a void in the literature as it relates to the type of leadership in schools that is successful in limiting gang activity in schools that are less gang-impacted than the community from which they draw. Research questions include: (1) what do principals say about how they lead in gang-impacted schools that have fewer gang-related incidents than the community from which they draw their population and (2) what is the connection between principal leadership style and the presence of relatively fewer gang-related incidents in schools than in the community from which they draw their population? This phenomenological study answered the question of how principals lead in gang-impacted schools with a more favorable environment than the communities they serve through interviews, observations and document analysis. The final product is the portraits and stories of principals' relationships with gang-impacted schools and the central concept of leadership in these types of schools. According to the three participants interviewed in this study, both transactional and transformational leadership attributes are necessary to lead a gang-impacted school that has fewer gang-related incidents than the community from which it draws. The underlying conclusion in this research study is that leaders who display more transformational leadership than transactional leadership attributes are more successful in gang-impacted schools. As a result of this study, principals who are placed in schools identified as being gang-impacted will be better equipped to identify and practice leadership behaviors that have worked for other school leaders. In addition, school districts will be better able to identify and provide staff development to and for potential leaders as it relates to leadership.
Ed. D.
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12

Mingo, Christopher Dominic. "Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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13

Vickers, Jeremy S. "Small town insurgency : the struggle for information dominance to reduce gang violence." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5022.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Since 2006, the gang-related homicide rate in Salinas, California, has quadrupled. As of 2009, the homicide rate associated with gang activity far exceeds that of much larger California cities such as San Francisco, San Jose, and even Los Angeles. This thesis examines this negative trend through the lens of counterinsurgency, since gangs exhibit many similarities, in structure and tactics, to insurgent groups. Accordingly, this thesis capitalizes on the diverse academic theories available to the study of counterinsurgencies. While the common narrative for an effective counterinsurgency campaign focuses on the importance of information dominance, there has been little research into component factors that might either promote or inhibit the flow of information that is also critical in combating the American street-gang phenomenon. In reality, gangs exist because of an information advantage bestowed upon them by the population. Thus, we postulate that two factors, information volume and information processing, mutually contribute to information dominance with respect to a counter-gang strategy. Through comparative analysis, our research suggests that improving relationships between the population and the government encourages more communication about gang activities. Additionally, improving communication structures within the government enhances information processing. Combined, these two factors reduce the gang's information advantage.
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14

Clarke, Jason A. Onufer Tracy L. "Understanding environmental factors that affect violence in Salinas, California." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FClarke_Onufer.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Freeman, Michael. Second Reader: Rothstein, Hy. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Salinas, violence, gangs, education, unemployment rate, economy, population, housing, police force, prison, rivalry, social service, community involvement, prevention, intervention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-87). Also available in print.
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15

Vlaszof, Nora. "Motivations to Return to a Gang After Severe Physical Victimization." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4688.

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Abstract Gang violence is a social concern because of the risks of victimization among gang members and their communities. Many gang members have been victims of gang violence, and some choose to remain involved with their gang even after being victimized. Researchers have explored why people join gangs, but less is known regarding the gang-victimization link, which is the focus of this study. Social bond theory guided the study's research question on the motivation of gang members to rejoin their gang after severe physical victimization. A multiple case study design was employed with a purposeful sample of six English-speaking men, ages 20-50 years, who identified as current or former gang members and who experienced severe physical victimization in the gang. Semistructured interviews were conducted to gain a better understanding of study participants' motivation for returning to their gangs after severe physical victimization. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify patterns and emerging themes in the data. Key findings were that behaviors and beliefs of gang violence victims are similar to those of domestic violence victims, and the importance of the bond among members is greater than the importance of the victimization. The study findings and implications are far reaching as this knowledge can serve as the staging point for interventions by social work practitioners, policy makers, and activists as they seek to develop effective programs for gang members. Study results contribute to positive social change by providing a better understanding of gang members' thinking and motivation and helping to inform efforts to discourage gang members from returning to gang life.
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16

Hinsberger, Martina [Verfasser]. "Psychotherapy for offender rehabilitation in a context of ongoing community and gang violence / Martina Hinsberger." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130587789/34.

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17

Mahamed, Mahamed Rage. "Developing a monitoring and evaluation system for the ceasefire gang violence programme in Hanover Park, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8548.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This study is a formative evaluation of the Ceasefire gang violence programme in Hanover Park, Cape Town, South Africa. The primary audience of this evaluation is the Ceasefire programme management. The Ceasefire programme is a project of the City of Cape Town's Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading Unit (VPUU). The Ceasefire programme is run by the First Community Resource Centre (FCRC) in Hanover Park. The main aim of this evaluation is to develop a results-based monitoring and evaluation system for the Ceasefire programme.
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18

Rodriguez, Aguilar Mario Ernesto. "Paz Juntos." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91449.

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While some societies face problems of crime and gang violence and are looking into different solutions, very little research exists on what community and architectural design and building can contribute to the reconstruction of the social fabric. This text explores how various elements and factors of architecture can be applied to reduce crime and gang violence activity in a city. By studying several manifestos and classic writings, this study will inquire the moral factor within architecture, the use of local materials and vernacular techniques, the definition of an architectural program that heals and the use of the members of the community hands for the construction of a building, the feel belonging and the ownership of a piece of architecture. La Libertad, El Salvador has been used as the place to put this into practice, being in the top most violent cities in the nation. The initiative of the architect to use the cities resources, such as bamboo as material to boost the economy through the architecture is explored to measure the impact in numbers by reducing rates of crime and gang activity in the city.
Master of Architecture
El Puerto de La Libertad in El Salvador is one of the best destinations in Central America for surfing with its great swells of waves and beautiful beaches. But there is a consistent tone within the visitors and residents’ comments about the city: they don’t feel as safe as they want to. The issue of insecurity and gang violence steadily increased after the Civil War in El Salvador ended in 1992. So, there have been different nation and city plans to mitigate the problem since then, but none has really aimed to inclusivity, most of them have been focused on fighting it with violence. My thesis seeks answers within architecture to help alleviate gang violence in the city of Puerto, through the design and development of a city master plan that connects different facilities centered in the farming, harvesting and use of bamboo for construction, furniture making and crafting. This will allow a boost in the town’s economy and the reconstruction of the social fabric. Finally joining the beauty of the blue of the ocean and the sky, with local materials and the hands of the members of the community for the design — and potentially building— of the Surfing Youth Center.
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19

Harding, Simon K. "The role and significance of street capital in the social field of the violent youth gang in Lambeth." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/300645.

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Much recent UK gang research has failed to adequately answer: do gangs exist and if so, are they organised? internal gang dynamics, criminal behaviours and motivations for joining remain largely unexplored; as does the upsurge in violent crime in gang-affected areas of south London. This research set out to answer these questions by investigating gangs in Lambeth, their activities and the daily experiences of those affiliated to them. The study begins by profiling the case study area, currently prevalent street gangs and links to violent crime. The investigation then examines in detail inter-gang and intragang dynamics and community relationships. A further objective is to establish whether, and if so to what extent, gangs were expanding and becoming more deeply embedded in the neighbourhood. This work situates contemporary UK gang research within the literary arc of classic and contemporary US gang research, from Chicago School to Hagedorn. Current UK studies are categorised into three distinct arguments, then critiqued from a Left Realist perspective. Addressing the question, how do we explain an increase in gang related violence?, the work establishes the gang as a social arena (field) of competition where actors struggle for distinction. But what are the characteristics and boundaries of this social -Field? What motivates young people to enter it, and how do you succeed within it? How significant are personal relationships and networks? What is the role of social capital and how do you become a competent actor in this field? These issues are explored using the theoretical perspectives of social field analysis and habitus from Bourdieu alongside various elements of social capital theory. An inductive ethnometholdogy was adopted. The paper presents findings from 30 qualitative interviews of residents, professionals and gang -affiliated young people in Lambeth. The ethical challenges of gang research, such as access and anonymity are addressed. The findings support the proposition that gangs in south London exist, are active and internally organised into three structural tiers. Success within the field is determined by building and maintaining Street Capital -a tradable asset. To acquire this, members strategise by employing tested techniques from the Gang Repertoire, derived from the habitus. Youngers and Olders employ different Repertoires. All actors within the social field are subject to sanctions with new arrivals at increased risk. The field is highly gendered and girls are central to the gang strategising using information and the gang Network. Importantly the findings support the argument that gangs in Lambeth are evolving and becoming more embedded. Increased gang related violence is an outcome of new dynamics in social field, including the imperative to acquire Street Capital and the role of new technology. Increased tensions and violence have cumulative stressful impacts for young people. To address this, they increasingly risk manage their lives through self exclusion or a fatalistic immersion in the social field.
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20

Rabik, Allison. "United States Deportation Legislation as a Primary Factor Contributing to the Rise of Gang Violence in El Salvador." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/517.

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Thesis advisor: Jennie Purnell
This thesis discusses, by chapter, the following topics: the rise of gang violence in El Salvador, the structure of gangs in El Salvador, contributing factors to the rise of gang violence in El Salvador, United States deportation legislation, and the deportation of Salvadorans and the nature of their re-assimilation into El Salvador
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
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21

Salas-Wright, Christopher Patrick. "Spirituality, religiosity, and problem behavior among high-risk and gang-involved youth in El Salvador." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3726.

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Thesis advisor: Thanh V. Tran
It has been well documented that El Salvador faces tremendous challenges in terms of youth involvement in problem behavior. It has also been observed that spirituality and religiosity are important factors in the lives of many Salvadoran youth. While scholarship in developed nations among adolescents and young adults has consistently found spirituality and religiosity to be protective factors against delinquency, violence, and substance abuse, few studies have systematically examined the relationships between these concepts in the Salvadoran context. The principal purpose of this dissertation is to examine the direct and mediated relationships between spirituality, religiosity, and problem behavior among high-risk and gang-involved youth in San Salvador, El Salvador. Structured interviews were conducted with 301 high-risk youth and gang members (81.6% male) between the ages of 11 and 25 (M age = 18.5, SD = 3.3) living in marginalized Salvadoran neighborhoods. Drawing from the Social Development Model, it was hypothesized that higher levels of spirituality and religiosity, as mediated by antisocial bonding and antisocial beliefs, would be associated with lower levels of participation in delinquency, violence, and substance use and abuse. Structural equation modeling, as well as logistic and multiple regression analyses, were employed to examine the direct and mediated associations between these variables. The results of this dissertation indicate that spirituality and, to a lesser degree, religiosity are of relevance to the behavior of Salvadoran high-risk and gang-involved youth. In examining the relationship of spirituality and religiosity to social developmental factors of relevance to problem behaviors, it is evident that spirituality has implications across the board in terms of setting in motion dynamics that are associated with youth involvement in problem behaviors. While not associated with minor forms of problem behavior, religiosity was found to be protective against several severe manifestations of problem behavior. Findings from this dissertation have several implications for social work research and practice. These implications relate to the salience of spirituality and religiosity as protective factors in the Salvadoran context, the differential impact of spirituality and religiosity on problem behavior involvement, and the identification of factors that mediate the relationship between spirituality, religiosity, and problem behavior
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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22

Albertse, Lizelle. "Gang members' experiences of victimization and perpetration of rape in prison." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7518_1241763499.

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People outside of prison tend to imagine sex in prison as violent gang attacks on defenceless individuals, but in actual fact, sex in prison is more complicated than the isolated gang rapes that take place. For the purpose of this study, the researcher followed the qualitative research approach from a constructivist perspective to understand how participants portrayed or constructed their experiences of victimization and/or perceprion of rape.

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23

Ives-Allison, Nicole D. "P stones and provos : group violence in Northern Ireland and Chicago." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6925.

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Although the government of the United States of America was established to protect the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness among all American citizens, this thesis argues intractable gang violence in inner-city Chicago has persistently denied these rights, in turn undermining fundamental (and foundational) American political values. Thus, gang violence can be argued to represent a threat to both civil order and state legitimacy. Yet, where comparable (and generally lower) levels of community-level violence in Northern Ireland garnered the sustained attention and direct involvement of the United Kingdom's central government, the challenge posed by gang violence has been unappreciated, if not ignored, by the American federal government. In order to mobilise the political commitment and resources needed to find a durable resolution to Chicago's long and often anarchic 'uncivil war', it is first necessary to politicise the problem and its origins. Contributing to this politicisation, this thesis explains why gang violence in Chicago has been unable to capture the political imagination of the American government in a way akin to paramilitary (specifically republican) violence in Northern Ireland. Secondly, it explains how the depoliticisation of gang violence has negatively affected response, encouraging the continued application of inadequate and largely ineffective response strategies. Finally, it makes the case that, while radical, a conditional agreement-centric peace process loosely modelled on that employed in Northern Ireland might offer the most effective strategy for restoring the sense of peace and security to inner-city Chicago lost over half a century ago.
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24

Diaz, Ana Cristina. "A Glimpse into the Experience of Family Reunion in the Lives of Immigrants from El Salvador." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/353.

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This study explores the impact family separation had on both the child and the parent after reunification. Semi-Structured qualitative interviews were conducted. One participant was left behind by parents while they immigrated without proper documentation and eventually reunited with them. There was one mother who immigrated to reunite with her children. There were also four parent participants who left their children behind while immigrating into the United States. This study provides a glimpse of what an undocumented family reunification looks like
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25

Davids, Alicia Edith. "An explorative study of the influence of gang violence on the cognitions and behaviors of adolescents in a specific community within the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The subculture of gang violence has become a most feared phenomenon in many povertystricken communities in South Africa and especially in the Western Cape. The gang violence that is prevalent in these communities affects mostly the adolescents, who are supposed to be &lsquo
the leaders of tomorrow&rsquo
. The purpose of this research study was to focus on adolescents in a community where gang violence is rife and in turn reveals their perceptions on gang violence, what the causes of gang violence are and how they are affected by it as expressed in their own words. The researcher establishes the significance and necessity of focusing on adolescents as influenced by gang violence through a phenomenological exploration of their lives. The position that is developed affirms that adolescents are adversely affected by gang violence both from a behavioral and cognitive standpoint. The dire extent of gang violence on these adolescents&rsquo
lives is illustrated by using Fanon&rsquo
s six dimensions of violence. Furthermore various theoretical hypotheses are provided to explain the or igin of gang violence in comparison to the explanations expressed by the adolescents themselves from the interviews conducted. The study is concluded with recommendations extracted from relevant literature as well as comments expressed by the participants of this study. The main limitation within this study was the lack of research outputs within the South African context on the topic of how gang violence affects adolescents who are not gang members. The rich information produced by this study in conducting in-depth interviews with adolescents makes this study significant.
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Johnson, Candace Kay. "The effectiveness of anger management counseling on recidivism rates of gang-related adolescents in the Project BRIDGE Program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3209.

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This study explores recidivism rates of gang-related adolescents newly enrolled in the Project BRIDGE (Building Resources for the Intervention and Deterrence of Gang Engagement) Program. The goal of this project is to reduce the incidence of youth gang violence, gang membership, and gang related activities in the city of Riverside, California.
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27

Tolleson, Jennifer Anne. "The transformative power of violence the psychological role of gang life in relation to chronic traumatic childhood stress in the lives of urban adolescent males /." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 1996. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/tolleson_1996.pdf.

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28

Erasmus, Marione Heather. "Learners exposure to gang violence and their participation in high-risk behaviour : a study in a Western Cape high school." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6752.

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Bibliography: leaves 82-87.
The aim of the present study is to assess the level of learners' exposure to gang violence and their participation in high-risk behaviour in and outside of a selected secondary school in the Western Cape. The study was exploratory and a self-report questionnaire - 'School Safety Survey' devised by Cornell and Loper of the Virginia University School Project, appropriately modified to fit the South African context was employed to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Disproportional stratified sampling was employed to select the initial sample of 125 learners because the race, grade and gender subgroups varied with regard to the proportion of their members appearing in the study population, but only a total ofll21earners attended school and participated in the study on the day. Even though the survey was administered to 112 learners, the researcher only retained 97 surveys that had complete data on all variables. In this study descriptive statistics are used to analyse the demographic details of the final sample population. The chi-square test was used to determine if there are significant differences in learners' exposure to gang and non-gang violence and their participation in high-risk behaviours in and outside of school. The two factors that were considered to potentially impact on the scores obtained for these categories are Grade and Gender. The survey results identified that in general, the observed frequency of learners' exposure to gang and non-gang violence was relatively higher outside of school than their exposure to gang and non-gang violence in school. Moreover, there were also no statistically significant grade and/or gender differences in learners' overall exposure to gang and non-gang violence in and/or outside of school at 95% confidence level (p = 0.05). In addition the observed frequency of learners' overall participation or endorsement of high-risk behaviour was relatively higher outside of school than in school. There were also no statistically significant grade and gender differences in learners' overall participation in high-risk behaviour in school at 95% confidence level (p=0.05) but there were significant gender differences in learner's participation in high-risk behaviour outside of school. In response to the findings a number of recommendations are made to stabilise and develop the school infrastructure, taking particular cognisance of the physical resources required for making the school a safer environment. In addition, it was proposed that educators create opportunities to develop leadership within the pupil body and introduce age-appropriate life skills and empowerment workshops to address the difficulties that these learners may experience.
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29

Boqwana, Sizakele. "Teacher and learner perceptions of the relationship between gang activity and learner academic performance in township schools." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1960.

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Thesis (MTech (Education and Social Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
This study examines the nature and the extent of school gang activity and how it impacts on learner academic performance in South African township schools. The research evidence shows that learners in South Africa have been exposed to widespread school gang activity leading to poor learner academic performance in the township schools. The effects of the phenomenon of school gang activity on learner academic performance are given a more insightful understanding of its effects. The literature review supports the central argument that school gang activity persists in South African schools, especially in the townships. In addition, the literature provides both international and local perspectives of the high prevalence of school gang activity and claims that it results in an insecure teaching and learning environment. The specific research design selected for the study is a phenomenological study and is qualitative, explorative and descriptive in nature. A semi-structured interview method was employed to gather the data required. The findings of the study reveal that many learners in the township schools experience direct incidences of school gang activity either at school or on the way to or from school. In addition, the findings reveal that feelings of insecurity are most intense in the classroom situation because the opportunities to escape danger are minimal. The conclusions drawn from the study are that classrooms are dangerous places and this impacts on the ability of learners to achieve academically. Based on the findings, this mini-dissertation recommends collaborative efforts of all role-players to interact and produce amicable strategies and solutions that will decrease the occurrence of school gang activities and school violence. Gang activity in schools severely hinders learner academic performance. Hence incorporating interdisciplinary perspectives, involving activities such as teamwork and programme development can provide some solutions. This mini-dissertation is dedicated to my little angel, Avuyile Boqwana, in memory of the day she was born. I said that day, "A professor is born in my house," trusting that my wishes will be fulfilled one day. As young as she is, she is the source of all my inspirations to pursue life-long learning. My little is a source of motivation every time I look at her. She is my hope for the future. It was her enduring love when she always missed her bedtimes waiting for me to come back from my late tiring sessions that provided "the wind beneath my wings" to complete this educational journey.
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30

Mguzulwa, Sisanda. "An exploration of male youth's perceived impact of their involvement in youth gang violence on their educational attainment in Khayelithsa Site B." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12850.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The overall aim of the study was to explore male youths' perceived impact of their involvement in youth gang violence (YGV) on their educational attainment. A qualitative research design was adapted in this study. A non-probability purposive snowball sampling was adopted in the research. The study used a semi-structured interview schedule as a research tool in conducting in-depth interviews with the respondents. The research respondents were young males between 14 and 20 years, some of whom were high school drop-outs, while some were learners in high school and some had recently completed Grade 12. The findings showed that most of the research participants were negatively impacted by their involvement in YGV. The findings showed that YGV affected their attendance and performance at school. The study further showed that some of the research participants in the study repeated some grades at school and some dropped out of school because of the influence of YGV. The study also showed that the respondents were keen to further their studies regardless of their involvement in YGV. The respondents recognised the importance of education in their lives in order to fulfil their future goals. The study further indicated that the respondents had no intentions of continuing with YGV, because they wanted to focus on their schooling. They also suggested that young people should not join YGV, because it would destroy their lives, for example by having criminal records, being delayed in their education attainment, and dying very young.
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31

Hoppert-Flämig, Susan. "Striving for security : state responses to violence under the FMLN government in El Salvador, 2009-2014." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15883.

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This research focuses on the provision of intrastate security and on the question how states in the global South do or do not provide security for their citizens and do or do not protect them from physical violence. This thesis argues that while institutional conditions are an important aspect of security provision in the global South, more attention needs to be paid to policy processes. Institution building as set out in the literature about Security Sector Reform and statebuilding assumes that it is possible to provide security to all citizens of a state by building democratic state security institutions. However, this is only possible if the state is the predominant force of controlling violence. Research showed that this is rarely the case in countries of the global South. This thesis contends that statehood in the global South is contested due to power struggles between multiple state and non-state elites. It argues that the analysis of security policy processes allows for an analysis of security provision in societies where no centralised control over violence exists. It contributes to a better understanding of the shortcomings of security provision in the global South because it shows the impact of societal and state actors on security policy making. Using the case of security policy making under the first FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation) government in El Salvador (2009-2014), the thesis shows that, in a contested state policy making does not result from a pact between the state and society or from a social consensus as envisaged by parts of the FMLN and other forces of the New Left in Latin America. Instead, policy making results from elite pacts and elite struggles. This is illustrated in the domination of an ad hoc decision-making mode which describes short-term decisions which are insufficiently implemented and easily reversed or replaced. Thus, security provision as a policy field remains focused on elite interests and does not include the interests of the broader population.
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32

Hoppert-Flämig, Susan. "Striving for security: State responses to violence under the FMLN government in El Salvador 2009-2014." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15883.

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This research focuses on the provision of intrastate security and on the question how states in the global South do or do not provide security for their citizens and do or do not protect them from physical violence. This thesis argues that while institutional conditions are an important aspect of security provision in the global South, more attention needs to be paid to policy processes. Institution building as set out in the literature about Security Sector Reform and statebuilding assumes that it is possible to provide security to all citizens of a state by building democratic state security institutions. However, this is only possible if the state is the predominant force of controlling violence. Research showed that this is rarely the case in countries of the global South. This thesis contends that statehood in the global South is contested due to power struggles between multiple state and non-state elites. It argues that the analysis of security policy processes allows for an analysis of security provision in societies where no centralised control over violence exists. It contributes to a better understanding of the shortcomings of security provision in the global South because it shows the impact of societal and state actors on security policy making. Using the case of security policy making under the first FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation) government in El Salvador (2009-2014), the thesis shows that, in a contested state policy making does not result from a pact between the state and society or from a social consensus as envisaged by parts of the FMLN and other forces of the New Left in Latin America. Instead, policy making results from elite pacts and elite struggles. This is illustrated in the domination of an ad hoc decision-making mode which describes short-term decisions which are insufficiently implemented and easily reversed or replaced. Thus, security provision as a policy field remains focused on elite interests and does not include the interests of the broader population.
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33

Ford, Champagne Monique. "Examining the effects of abuse on girls in gangs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3397.

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The purpose of this study is to encourage further study and attention to girls that are at high risk of becoming members of a gang. The more that can be learned about this group the more can be done to implement appropriate policies and programs to effectively target and assist this population. This study is based on an existing data set that profiled the needs and characteristics of girls that were incarcerated May 1996 at a California Youth Authority facility in Ventura, now called The Division of Juvenile Justice.
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34

Cedermark, Hanna, and Caroline Lundin. ""Ett gift i samhället" : En studie om hur gängkriminalitet gestaltas av Sveriges Television." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433651.

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This bachelor thesis examines how Swedish Television frames news about gang violence and explains which actors that appear in news articles on this field. News about this societal problem have started to appear more frequently in media publications during the last years which motivates the implementation of the study.   The analysis reveals that news about gang violence to a large extent is being framed as a question for politics. This is demonstrated in articles where the problem is framed as a conflict between political parties which proposes different solutions. Gang violence is also framed as something that the government should take responsibility for and therefore not a societal problem that individuals can solve themselves. Most of the articles are framed in a thematic, more general than specifik, perspective and episodic frames do not get that much coverage. There are mostly politicians that occur in articles about gang violence and thus the actors who have the opportunity to set the media agenda.  News articles published on the online edition of Swedish Television in September 2020 have been used as study material. This was a period during the year of 2020 where most news articles about gang violence were published. The method applied was a combined quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The theoretical framework consists of McCombs & Shaws agenda setting theory and also three framing theories formed by Entman, Iyengar and Semetko & Valkenburg. The frames used in the study are the conflict frame, human-interest frame, economic consequences frame, responsibility frame, morality frame, thematic frame and episodic frame.
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35

Madrigal, Antonia C. "The direct and indirect effects of family environment and community violence exposure on Latino middle-school age youth's psychological distress and risk for gang affiliation." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221399.

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36

Reckson, Batya Bertha. "Narrative analysis of educators' accounts about gang violence occurring at a Hanover Park high school in the Western Cape : implications for intervention in the context of clinical social work." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3821.

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37

Bajric, Edin. "Norra Botkyrkas undre värld : En inblick i antihjältarnas vardag." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3360.

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The purpose with this study was to describe and analyse the daily activities of a criminal group in a southern suburb of Stockholm, Norra Botkyrka, and their attitude to drugs, the police, crimes in general, accomplices and their plans for the future. The study is a combination of different qualitative methods that is built on unobtrusive methods and interviews that was carried out during winter in 2006 and spring in 2007 and six interviews. My interest to carry out this study was grounded on my several years of experience as a prison and probation officer in the prison. I chose to “live” with a group of criminals and participated in some of their social activities.

The respondents that I chose to call “anti-heroes” proudly tell me about their criminal lifestyle that characterizes of violence, drugs, crimes and conflict where this people show no regret. The readers of this study will be able to do an insight into the criminals’ daily activities. I choose to describe the respondents tough and “tragically” growth and their attitude to the drugs, conflicts, the police, accomplices, women, future and their spot in society. The results of this study will show that the majority of the respondents had a bad growth and comes from torn families, where the most of them began early with drugs and crimes. The organisation of the gang gives a shifting view from what appears to be an organised and structured gang to a disorderly gang with a lot of conflicts. The respondents are so hardly anchored to their criminal lifestyle that an adjustment to normal life, for the majority of them, is next to impossible.

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38

Gustafsson, Hannah, and Åsa Laxström. "Medias bild av gängkriminella mordoffer : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys gällande dagspressens framställning av mordoffer med kopplingar till kriminella nätverk." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36591.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur svensk dagsmedia framställer mordoffer som har kopplingar till kriminella nätverk och analysera hur den framställningen skiljer sig från hur andra, utomstående mordoffer drabbade av gängrelaterat våld beskrivs. Studien genomfördesi form av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där 26 nyhetsartiklar från Aftonbladet och Expressen analyserades. Resultatet av studien visade att media främst framställer gängkriminella mordoffer på ett negativt sätt genom att lyfta fram de kriminella delarna av offrets liv, till exempel de brott som mordoffret begått och vilka kopplingar mordoffret hade till andra kriminella. Detta skiljer sig från framställningen av utomstående, oskyldigt drabbade mordoffer där media istället främst beskriver hur mordoffret var som person och framhäver de positiva sakerna med offrets liv
The purpose of this study has been to investigate how Swedish news media portray murdervictims who have connections to criminal networks and to analyze how that representation differs from how other, "innocent" victims of murder exposed to gang-related violence are described. The study analyzed 26 news articles from the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen by using a qualitative content analysis. The results of the study showed that the media mainly present criminal murder victims in a negative way by highlighting the criminal parts of the victim's life, such as the crimes they committed and what connections they had to other criminals. This differs from the portrayal of innocent murder victims where media mainly focuses on how the murder victim was percieved as a person and highlights the positive things about the victim's life.
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39

Kober, Ryan Kylie. "Bodies of Evidence: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Female Central American and Mexican Asylum Seekers in Dallas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984243/.

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This work addresses the experiences of female asylum seekers from Central and Mexico currently living in Dallas, TX. The main purpose is to analyze how these women engage in the gendered processes of both migrating to and accessing legal resources and protection within the United States. As the women move through male-dominated spaces in their home country, the borderlands, and the asylum court they must challenge the patriarchal institutions that attempt to silence their narratives and criminalize their bodies. Their physical wounds become evidence in the courtroom, while outside of the courtroom their movements are monitored and tracked through multiple mechanisms of state control: ankle monitors, detention centers, ICE check-ins. They face intersectional discrimination as they are targeted as both women and immigrants. However, these female asylum seekers are not victims. They constantly display agency as they represent themselves in court, find solace in their faith, and form community with each other.
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40

Baird, Adam D. S. "Negotiating pathways to manhood: Violence reproduction in Medellin's periphery. Exploring habitus and masculinity to explain young men's decisions to join armed groups in poor urban neighbourhoods of Colombia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5246.

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In recent years urban violence has become understood as a 'reproduced', multi-causal and socially generated phenomenon. Less is understood about why young men reproduce the majority of this violence. This thesis uses original empirical data based on thirty-two life-histories of youths living in two poor and violent neighbourhoods in Medellín, Colombia. It argues that urban violence is reproduced by male youths because it is linked to 'masculinity'; that is, the process of 'becoming men' where youths strive to fulfil productive or 'successful' models of masculinity. These processes are related to contexts of poverty, inequality and exclusion, so this thesis does not reduce the generation of urban violence to masculinity alone. Rather, understanding masculinity provides us with further insight into the reproduction of violence. This thesis further argues that male youths are disposed by their habitus - after Pierre Bourdieu - to negotiate a pathway to manhood that largely reflects traditional masculine values in their context. Striving to achieve prevailing versions of manhood contributed to some of these youths joining armed groups, such as gangs. The gang acted as a mechanism to fulfil their dispositions to become men, by providing them with a way to perform a version of 'successful' masculinity. This is prevalent in urban contexts of exclusion and high levels of social violence, because there are limited opportunities to achieve legal and dignified versions of manhood, whilst there are significant opportunities to join the local gang. The youths interviewed that did not join gangs tended to come from families that taught them to reject violence at a young age, whilst supporting them in pursuing alternative pathways to manhood. Youths that joined gangs tended to have more problems at home and often had family members already in gangs.
ESRC, and University of Bradford
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41

Lemire, Chantal. "The shadow of violence, youth gangs in El Salvador." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57705.pdf.

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42

Lambert-Gimey, Alexandra. "Adolescence en délinquance et rites de passage en Nouvelle–Calédonie." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20006.

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Selon le recensement de 2009, la population néo-calédonienne se compose de 245 558 personnes ; les moins de 30 ans en représentent approximativement la moitié. Les Mélanésiens, appelés Kanaks/Canaques, primo-habitants, forment alors 40 % environ de la population totale. De par l’héritage historique, cette population se trouve dans un entre-deux culturel, partagée entre l’attachement à la tradition des ancêtres et les tendances d’une occidentalisation liée à la colonisation. Selon les informations fournies par la police de Nouméa, depuis les années 2000, la Nouvelle-Calédonie connaît une augmentation très importante de la délinquance.Notre étude a pour but d’identifier les caractéristiques de la délinquance chez les adolescents néo-calédoniens, leur nature et leurs origines. Nous chercherons ainsi à mettre en évidence les facteurs qui ont prévalu à l’installation de cette situation. Dans cette recherche, nous nous interrogerons particulièrement à la substitution du rite de passage par l’acte délictueux comme moyen de reconnaissance sociale et nous analyserons les relations qui existent entre la délinquance et les facteurs culturels. Pour la présente étude, nous nous appuyons sur un échantillon de 331 adolescents issus de deux populations : des jeunes « conventionnels » et des jeunes « judiciarisés ». Tous ont été soumis à un même questionnaire relatif à leur identité ethnique, à leur degré d’attachement à leur groupe d’appartenance culturelle ainsi qu’à leurs pratiques de délinquance auto-révélée. Concernant la population « judiciarisée », le recueil de données s’appuie également sur des entretiens cliniques, ainsi que sur la passation de tests psychométriques. Les résultats portent respectivement sur les données quantitatives et les analyses qualitatives
In the heart of the Pacific Ocean, the archipelago known as New Caledonia is experiencing a significant increase in crime since the 2000s, according to information provided by police in Nouméa, the capital city. Its population is relatively young. Those who are less than thirty years old represent approximately half the population. In this multicultural country, modernity and ancestral tradition coexist for some indigenous ethnic groups. Our study aims to identify the characteristics of adolescent delinquency in New Caledonia, addressing its nature and origins. Thus we seek to highlight the factors that have prevailed which created this circumstance. In particular, our research will examine the relationship between delinquency and cultural factors, and the existing links between the quest for ethnic identity and belonging to emerging gangs.For our study, we relied on a sample of 331 adolescents drawn from two groups: conventional youth, and young offenders. All were subjected to the same questionnaire regarding their ethnic identity, their degree of attachment to their gang, their cultural practices, as well as their professed delinquency. Regarding the offenders, our data collection also relied on clinical interviews, as well as the results of their psychometric tests. The findings will focus respectively on quantitative data and qualitative analyses
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43

Randle, Jasmin B. "Los Angeles County's Criminal Street Gangs: Does Violence Roll Downhill?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/10.

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According to the 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, there are more than 33,000 gangs in the United States, cited as being responsible for nearly 48% of the violent crime in the country. Using information drawn from gang-related court cases, this study examines the nature of inter- and intra-gang violence occurring between January 1, 2002-December 31, 2011. An innovative application of network analysis will be used to hone in on rivalries, the existence of possible hierarchy, and the relational and structural characteristics of Blood and Crip gangs in Los Angeles County. Results show that the majority of gang-on-gang violence originates and targets individuals in the city of Los Angeles. Furthermore, more than two-thirds of the violence committed at the hands of Blood and Crip gangs is upon individuals that are not affiliated with a gang. Strategies are offered on how to improve the effectiveness of existing community-based policing or hot-spot policing in areas known to have violent gang-related incidents (Los Angeles City). Furthermore, the implementation of programs designed to assist and deter the formation and proliferation of gangs will result in less gang violence and therefore more time to be spent on creating law enforcement strategies aimed at quelling the more troublesome gang rivalries.
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44

Baird, Adam David Scourfield. "Negotiating pathways to manhood : violence reproduction in Medellin's periphery : exploring habitus and masculinity to explain young men's decisions to join armed groups in poor urban neighbourhoods of Colombia." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5246.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years urban violence has become understood as a 'reproduced', multi-causal and socially generated phenomenon. Less is understood about why young men reproduce the majority of this violence. This thesis uses original empirical data based on thirty-two life-histories of youths living in two poor and violent neighbourhoods in Medellín, Colombia. It argues that urban violence is reproduced by male youths because it is linked to 'masculinity'; that is, the process of 'becoming men' where youths strive to fulfil productive or 'successful' models of masculinity. These processes are related to contexts of poverty, inequality and exclusion, so this thesis does not reduce the generation of urban violence to masculinity alone. Rather, understanding masculinity provides us with further insight into the reproduction of violence. This thesis further argues that male youths are disposed by their habitus - after Pierre Bourdieu - to negotiate a pathway to manhood that largely reflects traditional masculine values in their context. Striving to achieve prevailing versions of manhood contributed to some of these youths joining armed groups, such as gangs. The gang acted as a mechanism to fulfil their dispositions to become men, by providing them with a way to perform a version of 'successful' masculinity. This is prevalent in urban contexts of exclusion and high levels of social violence, because there are limited opportunities to achieve legal and dignified versions of manhood, whilst there are significant opportunities to join the local gang. The youths interviewed that did not join gangs tended to come from families that taught them to reject violence at a young age, whilst supporting them in pursuing alternative pathways to manhood. Youths that joined gangs tended to have more problems at home and often had family members already in gangs.
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45

Issacs, Serena. "The influence of exposure to community violence on adolescents' sense of hope within a disadvantaged community in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6231_1297766848.

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Violent crime has proven to have profound negative effects, particularly on those living within communities where violence is a dominant feature. The victims often tend to be adolescents, who, while striving for a better future, are often quite vulnerable to its effects. The present study addresses this important social phenomenon which faces the youth of South Africa. There is a growing need to understand the manner in which the ever-increasing exposure of adolescents living in communities which have high rates of violence affects its victims as well as determine those factors which could provide resiliency against those devastating effects. Moreover, this study focuses on adolescents&rsquo
sense of hope as a resiliency factor. The purpose of this research study was to ascertain adolescents&rsquo
understanding of and the meaning they give to exposure to community violence and the extent to which that exposure affects their sense of hope. In this qualitative study, data was collected by means of two, one hour focus groups comprising a total of 14 participants, 14-15 years of age, residing in a community with high rates of violence. The format of the discussion was semi-structured and conducted in English. Various theories were used in order to better describe the information, such as the social learning theory, feminist theory and Bronfenbrenner&rsquo
s ecological model, but the epistemological framework utilized was social constructionism. Ethical principles such as confidentiality and obtaining informed consent were strictly adhered to. The information received from the participants was analyzed using Braun and Clarke&rsquo
s (2006) thematic analysis and presented in two thematic categories with corresponding themes discussed accordingly

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46

Reid, Ebony. "'On road' culture in context : masculinities, religion, and 'trapping' in inner city London." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14817.

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The gang has been a focal concern in UK media, political discourse, policy, and policing interventions in the last decade, occupying the position of contemporary ‘folk devil’. Despite the heightened attention on urban ‘gang culture’, sociological research on gangs in the UK is limited. However, some sociologists do stress a deterministic relationship between gangs and black urban youth, rendering urban men a source of fascination and repulsion, easy scapegoats in explaining street violence. Arguably, current work that privileges the idea of gang membership misunderstands much about the lives of some men involved. This thesis contributes to correcting that misunderstanding. The study adopts a social constructionist perspective in understanding the (multiple) ways urban men in an inner city area of London construct their lives when immersed in what they refer to as being ‘on road’, a symbolic space in which everyday lives are played out. As a broadly ethnographic study, the data for the thesis were generated using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with a range of participants, including young and adult men. The study identifies three distinct ways in which some men become trapped in difficult experiences and identities ‘on road’. It focuses on the implications of the notion of ‘trappedness’ on their experiences in public space, employment opportunities and, self- identity. The ‘on road’ lives of the men in the study represent a paradox: the road appears to offer opportunity to build masculine identity but entangles them further in a trap, restricting freedom and stunting personal growth. This study has significance for sociological theory. Theoretically, the idea of being ‘on road’ can be understood as a discourse that persists in the language and symbolism that flows through these men’s experiences and narratives. As such the idea of ‘onroadness’ powerfully shapes all aspects of their lives. It is argued that more focus is needed on the psychosocial factors that force some men into volatile social worlds, and the personal contexts that frame local narratives of ‘on road’ culture, especially within wider experiences of friendship, faith, and identity. The thesis suggests that this form of analysis offers a critical explanatory framework within which it is possible to understand the lives of some of the young and adult men in certain inner city areas in the UK.
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47

De, Faveri Silvia. "Witchcraft, violence and everyday life : an ethnographic study of Kinshasa." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11125.

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The inhabitants of Kinshasa, who call themselves Kinois, deal with insecurity and violence on a daily basis. Cheating and thefts are commonplace, and pillaging by street gangs and robberies by armed thieves are everyday occurrences. The state infrastructure is so poorly regulated that deaths by accident or medical negligence are also common. This, and much more, contributes to a challenging social milieu within which the Kinois’ best hope is simply to ‘make do’. This thesis, based on extensive fieldwork in Kinshasa, analyses different forms of violence which affect the Kinois on a daily basis. I argue that the Kinois’ concept of violence, mobulu, differs from Western definitions, which define violence as an intrinsically negative and destructive force. Mobulu is for the Kinois a potentially constructive phenomenon, which allows them to build relationships, coping strategies and new social phenomena. Violence is perceived as a transformative force, through which people build meaningful lives in the face of the hardship of everyday life. Broadly speaking, this thesis contributes to the Anthropology of violence which has too often focused on how violence is imposed upon a population, often from a structural level of a state and its institutions. Such an approach fails to account for the nuances of alternate perspectives of what ‘violence’ is, as evidenced in this thesis through the prism of the Kinois term mobulu. The concept of mobulu highlights the creativity of those forced to ‘make do’ on the streets of Kinshasa, to negotiate not only every day physical needs, for food and shelter, but also to navigate the mystical violence of witchcraft. By exploring the coping mechanisms across all sections of society, I analyse how the Kinois not only have built their lives in the wake of the violence of the state, but they have also found means of empowerment within it, using mobulu as a springboard for the development of some social phenomena. Whereas the anthropology of violence has focused mainly on physical and material violence, this thesis also argues that mobulu in Kinshasa is a total social fact that combines state violence with everyday violence, and physical violence with the invisible violence of witchcraft. This thesis seeks to enrich discussions on witchcraft in Kinshasa and in the African context in general, by analysing in depth how the cosmology of Kinshasa has differentiated itself as a result of the politico-economic events of recent decades. As witchcraft and material insecurity go hand in hand, a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of witchcraft is necessary, if we are to grasp the complexity of the concept of mobulu and how material and invisible violence inform each other.
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48

Luk, Wai-kwok. "Hong Kong gangs do they have an irrational violent subculture? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979324.

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49

Phelps, Eric J. "Mediation and gangs : a study of violence reduction in the Metropolitan Police area in London." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mediation-and-gangs(3b1463ce-ee97-46a8-9ba7-b356b8a35a7c).html.

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Gang violence in London is an increasing problem that has gained momentum in the last two decades. Finding workable solutions to reduce gang violence or interventions in the current economic climate is a constant challenge for practitioners. This study examines the use of mediation as a tactic for reducing gang violence. Through data analysis, outcomes of this intervention are explored. The initial research conducted shows that there is a significant correlation between reductions in violent reoffending between those referred for mediation and those not referred. Further analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews conducted in the UK suggests that individuals do not have to engage in the mediation process for it to have an effect. Very often, the fact that an individual has been referred will be sufficient to deter continued violent offending. This research suggests that the implications for practice requires a unified co-ordinated response to violence that includes the proactive provision of joined up activity from the authorities, such as education, housing, health, social services and employment agencies. Their services need to be adequately funded, properly resourced and intelligently delivered in order to provide the necessary support required to end the cycle of gang related violence and offending generally.
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50

Pérez, Alejandro. "Cashing In on Violence : The Effects of Neoliberalism on the Emergence of Youth Gangs in Latin America." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109148.

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Thesis advisor: Gustavo Morello
In this thesis, I analyze the conditions brought about by neoliberal reforms that contributed to the emergence of youth gangs in Latin America in the 1980s and 90s. I draw upon economic determinism theory to help explain this phenomenon. I then assess the extent to which four factors—state-sponsored political violence, economic volatility, the rise of the drug trade, and migration (both external and internal)—contributed to higher youth gang participation rates by conducting a comparative case study analysis. This analysis examines the factors that led to the emergence of youth gangs in Guatemala and Brazil. I surmise that the findings of this study are transferable and applicable to the whole of Latin America. I argue that the latter three factors were primarily responsible for compelling individuals to join youth gangs. Finally, I recommend governmental policies that Latin American governments ought to adopt if they wish to eradicate youth gang violence
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Arts and Sciences Honors Program
Discipline: Sociology
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