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Journal articles on the topic 'Gangs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Valdez, Avelardo. "Mexican American Youth and Adult Prison Gangs in a Changing Heroin Market." Journal of Drug Issues 35, no. 4 (2005): 843–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500409.

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This article focuses on the interaction between the larger community's drug markets and youth and adult prison gangs, and the process that leads to specific adverse consequences both to the youth gangs as organizations, and to individual members. Described is the emergence of a restructured heroin market dominated by an adult prison gang. A major consequence of this was the increasing use of heroin among Mexican American gang members and their transformation from autonomous youth gangs to extensions of the adult prison gangs or their demise. Data was collected from 160 members of 26 Mexican Am

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BAIRD, ADAM. "Becoming the ‘Baddest’: Masculine Trajectories of Gang Violence in Medellín." Journal of Latin American Studies 50, no. 1 (2017): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x17000761.

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AbstractDrawing upon 40 life-history interviews with gang members in Medellín, Colombia, this paper argues that many young men join gangs to emulate and reproduce ‘successful’ local male identities. The accumulation by the gang of ‘masculine capital’, the material and symbolic signifiers of manhood, and the accompanying stylistic and timely displays of this capital, means that youths often perceive gangs to be spaces of male success. This drives the social reproduction of gangs. Once in the gang, the youths become increasingly ‘bad’, using violence to defend the gang's interests in exchange fo

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Grund, Thomas U., and James A. Densley. "Ethnic heterogeneity in the activity and structure of a Black street gang." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 4 (2012): 388–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812447738.

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Despite acknowledgment of ‘hybrid’ street gangs in the literature, there is little systematic research into ethnic heterogeneity within gangs. This research aims at moving beyond the broad categorization of the Black street gang. For this purpose, we examine an all-Black London-based gang in detail, using fieldwork and police arrest data, and investigate the role of ethnic heterogeneity for the workings of the gang. Our findings suggest that ethnic heterogeneity within this gang is crucial for its criminal operation. Although there is no evidence for ethnicity-related specialization of crime,

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Bolden, Christian L. "Friendly foes: Hybrid gangs or social networking." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, no. 6 (2014): 730–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548284.

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Hybrid gangs have been identified as having organizational processes that differ from traditional gangs. This study comparatively examines structural processes and characteristics of gangs in a chronic gang city, San Antonio, and an emerging gang city that would be more likely to have “hybrid” gangs, Orlando. A limited number of recent studies have indicated that some gangs may better fit into a social network framework, which calls into question presumptions about hybrid gangs. In this analysis, cooperation between gang members from rival gangs is examined through a social network lens, and f

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Contreras, Randol. "Not Bowing Down." Swiss Journal of Sociocultural Anthropology 29, no. 1 (2024): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/sjsca.2023.29.8825.

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In the United States, some prison gangs control not only inmates, but also what happens on the street. Since most gang members eventually get detained and incarcerated, prison gangs will victimize or kill any resistors in jail and prison. In this paper, I examine such a case between the California prison gang, La Eme, and the rebel Maravilla gangs of East Los Angeles. La Eme controls almost all the Latino gangs in Southern California and enforces prison and street rules that “Southsider” gangs must follow. Between 1993 and 2006, the Maravilla gangs resisted La Eme’s prison co-governance and th

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SKARBEK, DAVID. "Governance and Prison Gangs." American Political Science Review 105, no. 4 (2011): 702–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000335.

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How can people who lack access to effective government institutions establish property rights and facilitate exchange? The illegal narcotics trade in Los Angeles has flourished despite its inability to rely on state-based formal institutions of governance. An alternative system of governance has emerged from an unexpected source—behind bars. The Mexican Mafia prison gang can extort drug dealers on the street because they wield substantial control over inmates in the county jail system and because drug dealers anticipate future incarceration. The gang's ability to extract resources creates ince

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Wood, Jane L., and Howard Giles. "Group and intergroup parameters of gang activities: An introduction and research agenda." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, no. 6 (2014): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548620.

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In introducing this Special Issue on gangs, we overview the thrust of its papers, demonstrating how they assist in plugging research gaps from the dearth of psychological attention to gangs. The papers therein raise important theoretical considerations of group process effects, social identity, and communication influences in gangs. Also included are empirical examinations of how attitudes to formal organized crime groups may nurture progang views, how social networks bridge gang divides, the dehumanization and social dominance association with gang membership, and how membership longevity ass

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Durán, Robert J. "The Core Ideals of the Mexican American Gang." Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 34, no. 2 (2009): 99–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2009.34.2.99.

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Current approaches to designing antigang policies overemphasize the notion that criminality is the defining characteristic of gangs and that solutions require a get-tough approach. As an ex-gang member, I conducted a five-year ethnographic study and a fourteen-year informal study of Mexican American street gangs in two Southwestern states to understand the persistence of gangs. I found that the obstacles that have been imposed on low-income, ethnic minority neighborhoods have led to an adaptive strategy for survival in which gangs play a central, albeit destructive, role. Gangs maintain their

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Rstami, Amir. "Street-gang violence in Swedenis a growing concern." Sociologisk Forskning 54, no. 4 (2017): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.54.18237.

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Over the past 30 years, Sweden has witnessed a growth in criminal gangs. Gun violence among young males is also on the rise and have only recently gained wide political attention. Street gangs and gun violence are two prevalent, partially overlapping phenomena that constitute social challenges. Empirically supported legal, policy and practical frameworks are needed in order to reduce the prevalence of gangs and gang violence in Sweden. The first step is to recognize that gangs and gang violence are an emerging societal problem and to identify its root causes, organizational dimensions, and ope

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10

McLean, Robert, and Chris Holligan. "The Semiotics of the Evolving Gang Masculinity and Glasgow." Social Sciences 7, no. 8 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7080125.

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Glasgow has a persistent and historical gang culture. Dimensions of ‘the gang’ are widely recognized in terms of behavior, formation, membership, and territoriality. The gap in our knowledge lies in the nature of a gang’s evolutionary flexibility. Given that life-course criminology foregrounds continuity and change in offending, it is surprising that this evolution has gone unrecognized in Scotland. Many contemporary studies of youth gangs connect ‘gang talk’ exclusively with territoriality and masculinity overlooking criminal progression. The argument of this article does not dispute the domi

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Carson, Dena C., and Finn-Aage Esbensen. "Gangs in School: Exploring the Experiences of Gang-Involved Youth." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 17, no. 1 (2017): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204017739678.

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This study explores three questions: (1) What are the criteria that current or formerly gang-involved youth use to identify the presence of gangs in school? (2) Do gang activities produce incivilities and victimizations within the school context? and (3) What is the impact of a gang presence on youth in the school, specifically with respect to the presence or absence of fear? We examine the influence of gangs in schools through qualitative analysis of 180 in-depth semistructured interviews. The sample includes youth with varying levels of gang involvement who attended schools across the United

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Hagedorn, John M. "Gangs, Schools, and Social Change: An Institutional Analysis." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 673, no. 1 (2017): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217726965.

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Understanding gangs and schools requires us to go beyond neighborhood-level analysis because spatial analyses tend to downplay or ignore social movements as key to fundamental change. This article supplements a traditional ecological approach with an institutional analysis of both schools and gangs. A history of Chicago gangs reveals that gangs are not one thing; at times they have played positive roles within schools and taken part in social movements. The author’s personal experiences with gangs and schools in Milwaukee and Chicago are presented as evidence documenting the mutability of gang

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Van Hellemont, Elke, and James Densley. "If crime is not the problem, crime fighting is no solution: policing gang violence in the age of abolition." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 13, no. 2/3 (2021): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2020-0561.

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Purpose In their 1999 classic, Crime is Not the Problem, Zimring and Hawkins changed the way criminologists thought about crime and violence simply by forcing us to distinguish between them. In so doing, they advanced an agenda for a more effective response to the real “crime” problem in America – violence. In this short commentary, the authors apply this logic to gang research and responses. The authors argue police fall short in responding to “gangs” because researchers and policymakers have defined them in terms of criminal behaviour writ large, not the problem that really needs policing –

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Tapia, Mike. "Modern Chicano Street Gangs: Ethnic Pride Versus “Gangsta” Subculture." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 41, no. 3 (2019): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986319858966.

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This article examines the subcultural characteristics of modern Chicano street gangs, using San Antonio, Texas, as a case study. It is informed by archival material, police data, and multifaceted fieldwork with gang members and police in that city. The result is a broad sweeping analysis of the role of various social forces in shaping the form of contemporary Chicano gangs. I find that gang migration, the social mimicry of Black gangs, and the weakening of ethnic pride have all profoundly affected modern street gang subculture. However, ethnic pride norms have not completely faded away, presen

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Bangerter, Oliver. "Territorial gangs and their consequences for humanitarian players." International Review of the Red Cross 92, no. 878 (2010): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383110000354.

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AbstractTerritorial gangs are among today's main perpetrators of urban violence, affecting the lives of millions of other people. They try to gain control of a territory in which they then oversee all criminal activities and/or ‘protect’ the people.Such gangs are found to differing degrees on every continent, although those given the most media attention operate in Central America. The violence that they cause has a major impact on the population in general and on their members' families, as well as on the members themselves.Humanitarian organizations may find themselves having to deal with te

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Pedersen, Maria Libak. "Do offenders have distinct offending patterns before they join adult gang criminal groups? Analyses of crime specialization and escalation in offence seriousness." European Journal of Criminology 15, no. 6 (2018): 680–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370817751351.

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Researchers have put serious efforts into identifying youth at high risk of joining gangs. Their main focus has been on street gangs, whereas risk factors for joining adult gang criminal groups have received less attention. This study examines crime specialization and crime seriousness prior to gang initiation among 564 adult gang members, 800 outlaw bikers and matched comparison groups of offenders (up to three offenders convicted of the same number of offences) who stayed out of such gangs. The data stem from Statistics Denmark and the Police Intelligence Database. The study findings demonst

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Mills, Randy. "A Terror to the People: The Evolution of an Outlaw Gang in the Lower Midwest." Midwest Social Sciences Journal 23 (November 1, 2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0796.231.1028.

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The details of the heretofore unexamined Reeves Gang may serve as an important case study of violence and lawlessness in the Lower Midwest in the decades following the Civil War. Unlike the “social bandits” such as the Jesse James and Dalton Gangs of the Middle Border region, most outlaw gangs made little attempt to get along with locals. These groups ruled by fear and typically fell afoul of vigilante hangings and shootings— a one-act play, if you will. The Reeves Gang, the focus of this study, would come to be atypical, their tale turning into a three-act play, moving from petty crime to mor

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Putra, Johan Benbella, and Umar Ma'ruf. "Law Enforcement against Criminal Acts of Motorcycle Gangs Criminal of Rumbing & Sharp Weapons." Law Development Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.2.4.535-541.

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The objectives of this study are as follows: To identify and analyze the factors that cause the gang attacks carried out by motorcycle gangs. To find out and analyzelaw enforcement against criminal offenses against motorbike gangs, perpetrators of beatings and sharp weapons.To find out and analyze obstacles and solutions in law enforcement against criminal offenses against motorbike gangs, perpetrators of beatings and sharp weapons.The approach to the problem that the writer uses in this legal research is included in juridical-empirical research, so what is examined initially is secondary data

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Van Hellemont, Elke, and James A. Densley. "Gang glocalization: How the global mediascape creates and shapes local gang realities." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (2018): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659018760107.

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This article introduces the concept of ‘gang glocalization’ to capture the processes by which global media myths and conventions create and shape local gang realities. The different stages of gang glocalization, and the motives to engage in this process, are examined by comparison of two empirical cases – Congolese gangs in Brussels and Afro-Caribbean gangs in London. This multi-sited ethnography finds that youth use fiction and imagination in order to create individual and collective gang identities. Police and political action against gangs is then informed by the same fiction and imaginatio

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Decker, Scott H., and G. David Curry. "Gangs, gang homicides, and gang loyalty:." Journal of Criminal Justice 30, no. 4 (2002): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(02)00134-4.

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Butti, Elena. "From Family to Franchise? Friendship, Individualism, and the Marketization of the Colombian Youth Gang." Youth and Globalization 3, no. 2 (2022): 308–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-bja10012.

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Abstract The surge of transnational illicit economies has led to important transformations in gang structures and cultures. From locally-bound, solidarity-driven institutions, gangs have morphed into globally-connected, market-driven ones. But how has this change affected the way young gang members relate to each other? This paper explores this question in the particular case of Medellín (Colombia), based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with adolescents working at the low ends of narco-gangs. It traces the evolution of gangs from the 1970s galladas – peer groups of kids who sought to suppo

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Maitra, Dev Rup. "‘If You’re Down With a Gang Inside, You Can Lead a Nice Life’: Prison Gangs in the Age of Austerity." Youth Justice 20, no. 1-2 (2020): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225420907974.

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In many countries, there has been growing academic attention towards the activities of street and prison gang members. However, while much of the American literature explores the experiences of prison gang members, such investigation has been notably absent in the English context. This article seeks to address this deficit in the literature. Through gathering data from interviews with active prison gang members, it shows how reduced staffing levels in English prisons has led to an increasingly ‘ungovernable’ prison space. This, in turn, has led to an increase in levels of gang membership. Most

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Sharif, Shafie, Ahmed Bashir, and Abdinasir Da’ud. "Why Youth Join Gangs and Somalis’ Approachto Gang Prevention and Intervention." Horn of Africa Journal of Social Science 2, no. 2 (2024): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.70806/y9b43938.

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In recent years, youth gangs have been an issue of social concern in Somalia. From this concern comes a desire to conduct research about gangs, their formation, and what can be done to intervene with them. Researchers’ recommendations can lead to success for organized crime groups in the country.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate why youth join gangs and Somali’s approach to gang prevention and intervention.Design/methodology: A qualitative method has been used for the data collection; different focus groups and a total of 10 key informative interviews have been conducted wit

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Auyong, Zenta E. Gomez, Sven Smith, and Christopher J. Ferguson. "Girls in Gangs: Exploring Risk in a British Youth Context." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 13 (2018): 1698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718763130.

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The existing literature on gangs has largely focused on boys from the United States. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study investigated select individual, peer, and community risk factors that differentiate gang and nongang girls in the United Kingdom. We find that 48.3% of gang-involved youth were girls, and that gang girls commit more crime than nongang girls. Furthermore, girls who live in socially disorganized neighborhoods are more likely to be members of gangs. The current research suggests that focusing on girls’ community environments

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Petrus, Theodore. "Gangster school: The role of the school environment in gang recruitment strategies in Port Elizabeth, South Africa." South African Journal of Education 41, Supplement 2 (2021): S1—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41ns2a1665.

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Gangs and gang violence continue to be serious challenges throughout South Africa, but especially in cities such as Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. In the northern areas of Port Elizabeth, hardly a day goes by without at least 1 report in the local news media about gang-related incidents. Most of the gangs in the northern areas have organised and relatively sophisticated recruitment strategies that they use to recruit new members. Various factors contribute to the gravitation of most youths to the gang lifestyle. With this article I seek to examine 1 of those factors, namely the school environme

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Pitts, John. "The evolution of the English street gang." Safer Communities 18, no. 2 (2019): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider what the author might call the evolution of the evolutionary argument about gangs and, while acknowledging its explanatory power, suggests that gangs may develop in very different ways depending on the available opportunities, pre-existing forms of criminality in the areas in which gangs emerge and global change. Design/methodology/approach It is based on a review of the relevant literature and interviews with purposive samples of research, criminal justice and social welfare professionals and young people involved in or affected by gang crime.

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Smithson, Hannah, and Rob Ralphs. "Youth in the UK: 99 problems but the gang ain ' t one?" Safer Communities 15, no. 1 (2016): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-10-2015-0034.

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Purpose – At a time when youth gangs and gang policy feature significantly in the discourse on UK youth, it is judicious to critique the framework and evidence upon which these policy developments have originated. The political focus on gangs was heightened, in part, by the English riots in 2011. The reaction to the riots was a “concerted all-out war on gangs” and led to the development of the national Ending Gangs and Youth Violence (EGYV) strategy. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use Manchester as a case study to illustrate what the they argu

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Meek, John. "Gangs in New Zealand Prisons." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 25, no. 3 (1992): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589202500304.

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Gangs became a permanent feature of New Zealand prisons during the 1980s. Surveys indicate that more than 20% of inmates have past or present gang affiliations. This article looks at the gang phenomenon both in the community and in prisons. A case study looking at the impact of gangs at Auckland Maximum Security Prison (Paremoremo) is included; a unique inmate subculture was destroyed and inter-gang conflict resulted in the prison being run on a unit basis. Using information from the 1989prison census, including unpublished material, the article examines the level of gang membership and compar

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Wegner, Lisa, Megan Lee Brink, Maliekah Jonkers, Shandre Mampies, and Roxanne Lee Stemmet. ""We are the Peace Team": Exploring transformation among previously gang-involved young men in Cape Town." South African Journal of Occupational Therapy 48, no. 2 (2018): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2018/vol48n2a6.

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Introduction: Many young men in South Africa belong to gangs which has negative consequences for individuals and society. Disengaging from a gang is difficult as it requires transformation; however, little is known about transformation in previously gang-involved youth. This study therefore aimed at exploring the experiences of transformation through occupational engagement in a group of young men who were previously involved in gangs. The objectives were to explore the young men's experiences of how occupational engagement facilitated, and sustained, their transformation to an ex-gang lifesty

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Wegner, Lisa, Megan Lee Brink, Maliekah Jonkers, Shandre Mampies, and Roxanne Lee Stemmet. ""We are the Peace Team": Exploring transformation among previously gang-involved young men in Cape Town." South African Journal of Occupational Therapy 48, no. 2 (2018): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2018/vol48no2a6.

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Introduction: Many young men in South Africa belong to gangs which has negative consequences for individuals and society. Disengaging from a gang is difficult as it requires transformation; however, little is known about transformation in previously gang-involved youth. This study therefore aimed at exploring the experiences of transformation through occupational engagement in a group of young men who were previously involved in gangs. The objectives were to explore the young men's experiences of how occupational engagement facilitated, and sustained, their transformation to an ex-gang lifesty

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Van Damme, Ellen. "Corruption, impunity and mistrust: moving beyond police gatekeepers for researching gangs." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 13, no. 2/3 (2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-01-2021-0572.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the importance of having several entry points into the field, via gatekeepers who do not belong to law enforcement agencies, in contexts where the police cannot be defined as trustworthy. Design/methodology/approach The argumentation of this paper is based on qualitative research on women and gangs in Honduras. An ethnographical methodology was implemented, which included over a year of observations, 65 interviews and two focus groups in gang-controlled communities and detention centers in Central America (with a focus on Honduras), between 2017 and 2020. The

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Llamos Acosta, Virgen Maité, and Juan Pablo Bencomo Herrera. "The origin and development of gangs in El Salvador." Southern perspective / Perspectiva austral 1 (December 31, 2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/pa202368.

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For more than four decades, violence has characterized the political and social dynamics in El Salvador, beginning with the armed conflict of 1980 and the formation of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). This conflict, part of the Cold War, lasted almost twelve years and left deep social scars, especially in areas of overcrowding, poverty and unemployment. Subsequently, the deportation of gang members from the United States transformed the local gangs, giving them a more complex structure and organization. Since the 1990s, street gangs, known as "maras", became a significant

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Pawelz, Janina, and Paul Elvers. "The Digital Hood of Urban Violence: Exploring Functionalities of Social Media and Music Among Gangs." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 34, no. 4 (2018): 442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986218787735.

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Social media and music are fundamental components of everyday life for today’s youth. The uses and functions of social media and music provide valuable insights for a better understanding of marginalized groups, subcultures, and gangs. Data are based on in-depth, semistructured interviews with gang members and gang affiliates in Trinidad and Tobago and combined with an analysis of social media content. The findings reveal that street gangs use music and social media to glorify gang life, to display power and send threats, to generate motivational support for criminal activities, and to bond so

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Quinn, Katherine, Julia Dickson-Gomez, Michelle Broaddus, and Maria Pacella. "“Running Trains” and “Sexing-In”: The Functions of Sex Within Adolescent Gangs." Youth & Society 51, no. 2 (2016): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16667375.

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Gang members are exposed to unique sexual risks, yet little work has explored the influence of gang social norms. This study examines the functions and meanings of sex within gangs, with a specific focus on the ways in which sex is used to reinforce gang membership and norms, gender roles, and group cohesion. We conducted 58 semi-structured interviews with adolescent members of six gangs. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis and constant comparative method in MAXQDA. Sexual risk behaviors within gangs are upheld and reinforced through unspoken norms and expectations. These high-r

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Conway-Turner, Jameela, Kari Visconti, and Adam Winsler. "The Role of Gang Involvement as a Protective Factor in the Association Between Peer Victimization and Negative Emotionality." Youth & Society 52, no. 3 (2019): 469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x19869803.

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Gang involvement is associated with many negative outcomes. However, the social and emotional development of gang-involved youth has received little empirical investigation. This study examines the social and emotional outcomes of gang-involved youth. Data come from the 2009 Fairfax County Youth Survey administered to eighth, 10th, and 12th grade students ( N = 27,869, 50% female, 55% minority). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to test the associations between victimization and negative emotionality, and the potential moderating effect of age and gang involvement. Results showed a pos

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Bichler, Gisela, Alexis Norris, Jared R. Dmello, and Jasmin Randle. "The Impact of Civil Gang Injunctions on Networked Violence Between the Bloods and the Crips." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 7 (2017): 875–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717739607.

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Comparing the centrality of gangs and changing structure in attack behavior, this study examines the effects of civil gang injunctions (CGIs) on violence involving 23 gangs (seven Bloods and 16 Crips) operating in Southern California. We mapped violence networks by linking defendants and victims named in 272 court cases prosecuted in the City of Los Angeles (1997-2015), involving at least one conviction for a violent crime and a defendant tried as an adult. The results show that a small number of gangs are centrally located in a dynamic web of non-reciprocated conflict that exhibited complex h

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Valasik, Matthew, and Matthew Phillips. "Understanding modern terror and insurgency through the lens of street gangs: ISIS as a case study." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 3 (2017): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-07-2016-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use nearly a century’s worth of gang research to inform us about modern terrorist groups, specifically the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Design/methodology/approach A case study approach is employed, comparing and contrasting the competing theoretical frameworks of gangs and terrorist organisations to understand group structure, demographics, patterns of behaviour (e.g. territoriality, strategic, and instrumental violence), goals, and membership patterns of ISIS. Findings The qualitative differences of ISIS make them more comparable to street g

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Cooley, Will. "“Stones Run It”." Journal of Urban History 37, no. 6 (2011): 911–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144211418436.

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In the 1960s and 1970s African American “supergangs” emerged in Chicago. Many scholars have touted the “prosocial” goals of these gangs but fail to contextualize them in the larger history of black organized crime. Thus, they have overlooked how gang members sought to reclaim the underground economy in their neighborhoods. Yet even as gangs drove out white organized crime figures, they often lacked the know-how to reorganize the complex informal economy. Inexperienced gang members turned to extreme violence, excessive recruitment programs, and unforgiving extortion schemes to take power over c

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Nyabadza, F., C. P. Ogbogbo, and J. Mushanyu. "Modelling the role of correctional services on gangs: insights through a mathematical model." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (2017): 170511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170511.

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Research has shown that gang membership increases the chances of offending, antisocial behaviour and drug use. Gang membership should be acknowledged as part of crime prevention and policy designs, and when developing interventions and preventative programmes. Correctional services are designed to rehabilitate convicted offenders. We formulate a deterministic mathematical model using nonlinear ordinary differential equations to investigate the role of correctional services on the dynamics of gangs. The recruitment into gang membership is assumed to happen through an imitation process. An epide

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Chu, Chi Meng, Michael Daffern, Stuart Thomas, Ang Yaming, Mavis Long, and Kate O'Brien. "Determinants of gang affiliation in Singaporean youth offenders: social and familial factors." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 7, no. 1 (2015): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2013-0031.

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Purpose – Gang affiliation in youth is associated with increased criminal recidivism and an exaggeration of various criminogenic needs; affiliation also meets a variety of youth's personal and social needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study of the self-reported reasons for joining and leaving gangs, as well as the difficulties faced by Singaporean youth offenders in leaving youth gangs; it also explores the relationship between gang affiliation and family connectedness, educational attainment and early exposure to gangs. Design/methodology/approach – This prospective study invol

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Andell, Paul. "Addressing county lines: praxis for community safety practitioners." Safer Communities 18, no. 2 (2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2019-0006.

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Purpose County lines involving the exploitation of vulnerable children and young people by gangs have been described as a bigger threat than the exploitation exposed by the Rotherham scandal (The Times, 27 November 2017). The purpose of this paper is to explain the contingencies and drivers informing gang identities in the irregular economy of drugs and make some suggestions to address these. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the social reality (ontology) of UK gangs in the UK and the different theories of knowledge about gangs (epistemologies) that can both help and hamper gangs

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Chesney-Lind1, Meda, and Martin Clavet. "Les filles et les gangs : contextes et répercussions pour les femmes." Criminologie 48, no. 2 (2015): 209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033844ar.

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On perçoit généralement les gangs comme étant un phénomène essentiellement masculin, presque emblématique du caractère rebelle des garçons, mais les gangs sont composés d’une part importante de filles. Les dernières données indiquent qu’au moins le quart des membres de gangs sont des filles. Cet article s’intéresse aux perspectives théoriques sur le genre présentes dans les recherches traditionnelles sur les gangs et propose d’aborder le phénomène des gangs sous l’angle de la criminologie féministe afro-américaine et des études sur les trajectoires de vie des femmes. Privilégiant les études qu

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Densley, James A., and David C. Pyrooz. "The Matrix in Context: Taking Stock of Police Gang Databases in London and Beyond." Youth Justice 20, no. 1-2 (2019): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225419883706.

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Technology has ushered in a new era of intelligence-led and ‘big data’ policing, and police gang databases are part of this paradigmatic shift. In recent years, however, gang databases have come under intense public scrutiny. For example, Amnesty International and others argue that London’s Gangs Matrix is discriminatory and violates data-protection laws. This article draws on evidence and examples from a wide range of sources – gang legislation, surveys of young people, police gang records and research on gangs – to put the Matrix controversy into broader context, and to adjudicate between co

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Huff, C. Ronald. "Youth Gangs and Public Policy." Crime & Delinquency 35, no. 4 (1989): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035004001.

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Recent studies have begun to document the changing organizational forms of youth gangs in the United States. The emergence/re-emergence of these gangs, often accompanied by increased violence and involvement in drug use and/or trafficking, poses major public policy issues. However, little empirical research has been conducted on this subject, and very few studies have been based on interviews with gang members as well as official data and the perspectives of public officials. This article summarizes the results and recommendations of a two-year study of youth gangs in Ohio, focusing primarily

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Scott, Daniel W. "Attitude is everything: Youth attitudes, gang involvement, and length of institutional gang membership." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 17, no. 6 (2014): 780–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430214548285.

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Prison gangs have been a topic of interest among scholars, but research on youth prison gangs is limited. Furthermore, violent attitudes and gang involvement have not been addressed extensively, and a better understanding of youth prison gang involvement is needed to effectively inform responses to violence in correctional facilities. This paper fills this research gap through an analysis of violent attitudes as they relate to gang involvement and length of gang membership. The data derive from interviews with 285 males conducted in a larger study on gangs and violence in California’s youth co

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Offutt, Stephen. "Entangled: Evangelicals and Gangs in El Salvador." Social Forces 99, no. 1 (2019): 424–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz147.

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Abstract ow are the two most ubiquitous community-based organizations in poor Salvadoran neighborhoods—gangs and evangelical churches—connected? Most studies concur with the Brenneman/Wolseth thesis, which states that evangelical churches uniquely provide people with a pathway out of gangs. This article argues that such dynamics are a relatively small subset of a broad range of interactions between evangelicals and gangs. Data from the Religion, Global Poverty, and International Development study, collected in a mid-sized Salvadoran city from 2014 to 2018, show that: (1) family networks link e

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Linnemann, Travis, and Bill McClanahan. "From ‘filth’ and ‘insanity’ to ‘peaceful moral watchdogs’: Police, news media, and the gang label." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 13, no. 3 (2016): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016647435.

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This paper engages the cultural politics of criminal classifications by aiming at one of the state’s most powerful, yet ambiguous markers—the ‘gang.’ Focusing on the unique cases of ‘crews’ and collectives within the ‘straight edge’ and ‘Juggalo’ subcultures, this paper considers what leads members of the media and police to construct—or fail to construct—these street collectives as gangs in a seemingly haphazard and disparate fashion. Juxtaposing media, cultural, and police representations of straight edge ‘crews’ and Juggalo collectives with the FBI’s Gang Threat Assessment, we detail how cu

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Zoettl, Peter Anton. "My body imprisoned, my soul relieved: Youth, gangs and prison in Cape Verde." European Journal of Cultural Studies 21, no. 2 (2015): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549415603380.

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Urban street gangs flourish in the urban centres of the Cape Verdean archipelago. Most of their members belong to the male, young and economically disadvantaged strata of society. While in public discourse youth gangs are often peremptorily blamed for most of the violence and criminality that take place in the country, the internal dynamics of gang life often go unnoticed. Based on fieldwork in the cities of Praia and Mindelo, the article discusses the mechanisms that make Cape Verdean adolescents and youths join urban gangs and stick to them, despite the state’s politics of securitization and

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Tam, Harry, Angie Wilkinson, and Joanna Wilkinson. "A Critique of the New Zealand Government’s Gang Legislation Amendment Bill’s Banning Gang Patches in Public." Decolonization of Criminology and Justice 6, no. 1 (2024): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v6i1.69.

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This paper provides a summary of the social and economic circumstances that have led to the proliferation of gangs in New Zealand. It also examines New Zealand public policies to manage gang behaviours and the outcomes of these policies, which in the main have contributed to the formation of gangs and their violent behaviours. The paper uses this background information to critique the coalition government’s proposed Gang Legislation Amendment Bill that prohibits the display of gang insignia in public places, creating a new criminal offence, currently before Parliament. We contend that the prop

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Knox, George W. "Book Review: Gangs and Gang Behavior." Criminal Justice Review 23, no. 1 (1998): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401689802300126.

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