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Journal articles on the topic 'Ganoderma species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Boromenskyi, D., N. Bisko, G. Al-Maali, and O. Polishchuk. "The contents of ganoderic acids in mycellium of different Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae) obtained by different methods of cultivation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 84, no. 1 (2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2021.84.14-18.

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The effect of different cultivation methods on the content of ganoderic acids of 7 species, 10 strains of the Ganoderma genus (Ganoderma applanatum 1899; Ganoderma сarnosum 2502; Ganoderma lucidum 1904; Ganoderma resinaceum 2477, 2503; Ganoderma sinense 2516; Ganoderma tsugae 1848, 2024, 2566, Ganoderma oregonense 2560) genus fungi from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was investigated. It has been shown that the submerged cultivation method is more efficient for the accumulation of ganoderic acids for five strains. In the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 was the highest content of ganoderic acids – 25.2 ± 1.5 mg / g. The productivity (yeld) of ganoderic acids synthesis is much higher with using the submerged culture cultivation method for mycelium of all used species and strains since the use of this method provides the accumulation of much more biomass in comparison with the static liquid cultivation method. The highest yield amount of ganoderic acids was in the mycelium of the G. tsugae 2024 and G. tsugae 2566 species, namely: 0.35 ± 0.019 and 0.36 ± 0.028 g / l. It was proved that the modified extraction method significantly reduces the extraction time of ganoderic acids. Extraction time is reduced from 14 to 2 days. For the G. sinense 2516 and G. tsugae 2024 strains was determined content of the ganoderic acids and their yield in dynamics of grows in the submerged culture on 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 day of cultivation. The highest amount of the ganoderic acids content was accumulated by the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 – it was 26.4 ± 1.5 mg / g on the 14th day of cultivation. The highest yield of the ganoderic acids was in G. sinense 2516 on 14th day, and G. tsugae 2024 mycelium on the 16th day of cultivation with the next numbers 0.6 ± 0.031, 0.62 ± 0.033 and 0.62 ± 0.027 g/l.

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2

., Surahmaida. "Review: Potensi Berbagai Spesies Ganoderma Sebagai Tanaman Obat." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.61.

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ABSTRAKDi dunia, jamur Ganodermatelah dikenal sebagai jamur obat. Ganoderma lebih dikenal dengan sebutan jamur Lingzhi atau Reishi. Dari 2000 spesies Ganoderma, hanya 6 spesies yang telah diteliti memiliki efek potensial dalam bidang kesehatan, yaitu G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, dan G. neojapanicum. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalam Ganoderma terus dikembangkan dalam pemanfaatannya sebagai obat alternatif. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan jamur Ganoderma bebas dari efek samping.Enam spesies Ganoderma ini memiliki karakteristik dengan berbagai potensi kesehatan yang berbedabeda dan berkhasiat sebagai bahan obat. Dari keenam Ganoderma, hanya G. boninense yang memiliki toksisitas terhadap larva udang Artemia salina.Kata Kunci: Tipe-tipe Ganoderma sp, karakteristik fisik, senyawa bioaktif, manfaat Ganoderma sp. bagi kesehatanABSTRACTIn the world, the fungus Ganoderma has been known as a medicinal mushroom. Ganoderma is known as Lingzhi or Reishi mushroom. From 2000 Ganoderma species, only six species that have been studied have a potential effect on health, namely G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. tsugae, G. oregonense, G. boninense, and G. neojapanicum. The content of bioactive compounds contained in Ganoderma continue to be developed in their usage as an alternative medicine. This is what causes the fungus Ganoderma is free from side effects. Six speciesof Ganoderma has characteristics with various health potentials that vary and efficacious as a drug ingredient. Of the six Ganoderma, only G. boninense has toxicity to the shrimp larvae of Artemia salina.Keywords: Types of Ganodermasp., physical characteristics, bioactive components, health benefits of Ganoderma sp.

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3

Raks, V. "GANODERMA SPECIES EXTRACTS: ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CHROMATOGRAPHY." Biotechnologia Acta 11, no. 3 (June 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech11.03.069.

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4

Leonard, Ann C. "Two Ganoderma species compared." Mycologist 12, no. 2 (May 1998): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(98)80047-5.

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5

mangaiha, Zoh, Josiah MC Vabeikhokhei, John Zothanzama, and H. Lalrinawmi. "Ganoderma Species of Mizoram, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 04 (April 10, 2019): 2871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.335.

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6

Mattock, Graham. "Notes on British Ganoderma species." Field Mycology 2, no. 2 (April 2001): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60517-8.

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7

Moradali, Mohammad-Fata, Hossein Mostafavi, Ghorban-Ali Hejaroude, Mehrdad Abbasi, Shirin Ghods, and Abbas Sharifi-Tehrani. "Laccate Medicinal Ganoderma P. Karst. Species from Iran: Subgenus Ganoderma." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 7, no. 4 (2005): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i4.70.

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8

Viceconte, Fátima R., Marina L. Diaz, Daniela S. Soresi, Ileana B. Lencinas, Alicia Carrera, María Inés Prat, and María Soledad Vela Gurovic. "Ganoderma sessile is a fast polysaccharide producer among Ganoderma species." Mycologia 113, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1870255.

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9

Papp, Viktor, and Ilona Szabó. "Distribution and Host Preference of Poroid Basidiomycetes in Hungary I. – Ganoderma." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2013-0006.

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Abstract From the economical point of view, the genus Ganoderma is one of the most important groups of Basidiomycetes due to their medicinal effects and also because they cause decay in a very wide range of tree species all over the world. In this study new data of the Hungarian Ganoderma species are published and the specimens in accessible Hungarian herbarium collections are processed and revised. The article includes the nomenclatural status, the morphological characters, the host preference, frequencies and the details of the fungarium samples of six Ganoderma species (Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum) as well. In total 215 Ganoderma specimens are examined and 10 hosts of the six native Ganoderma species new for Hungary are presented. The Hungarian locality and time of the collection of the only Ganoderma carnosum (IZ3122) specimen and two new localities of this rare species is published here for the first time.

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10

Jargalmaa, Suldbold, John A. Eimes, Myung Soo Park, Jae Young Park, Seung-Yoon Oh, and Young Woon Lim. "Taxonomic evaluation of selected Ganoderma species and database sequence validation." PeerJ 5 (July 27, 2017): e3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3596.

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Species in the genus Ganoderma include several ecologically important and pathogenic fungal species whose medicinal and economic value is substantial. Due to the highly similar morphological features within the Ganoderma, identification of species has relied heavily on DNA sequencing using BLAST searches, which are only reliable if the GenBank submissions are accurately labeled. In this study, we examined 113 specimens collected from 1969 to 2016 from various regions in Korea using morphological features and multigene analysis (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II). These specimens were identified as four Ganoderma species: G. sichuanense, G. cf. adspersum, G. cf. applanatum, and G. cf. gibbosum. With the exception of G. sichuanense, these species were difficult to distinguish based solely on morphological features. However, phylogenetic analysis at three different loci yielded concordant phylogenetic information, and supported the four species distinctions with high bootstrap support. A survey of over 600 Ganoderma sequences available on GenBank revealed that 65% of sequences were either misidentified or ambiguously labeled. Here, we suggest corrected annotations for GenBank sequences based on our phylogenetic validation and provide updated global distribution patterns for these Ganoderma species.

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11

Sokoł, Slawomir, Michael Kaldorf, and Hermann Bothe. "Molecular Characterization and Taxonomic Affinities of Species of the White Rot Fungus Ganoderma." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 54, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1999): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1999-5-604.

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Abstract The systematic affinities of Ganoderma have largely been resolved in the extensive publications of Moncalvo and coworkers (Moncalvo et al., 1995a, b; Hseu et al., 1996). The present communication adds further sequences of the ITS1 region of Ganoderma isolates from Po land and corrects some of the classifications of Ganoderma species. The sequence data indicate that G. australe and G. adspersum are different species. Both morphological and molecular data are in accord with an interspecific separation of G. pfeifferi and G. resinaceum. The ITS1 region is particularly suited for the taxonomic segregation of Ganoderma by molecular methods.

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12

Luangharn, Thatsanee, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Peter E. Mortimer, Kevin D. Hyde, and Jianchu Xu. "Additions to the knowledge of Ganoderma in Thailand: Ganoderma casuarinicola, a new record; and Ganoderma thailandicum sp. nov." MycoKeys 59 (October 16, 2019): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.59.36823.

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Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of mushrooms, which can cause root and butt rot diseases on many tree species. Members of this genus are particularly diverse in tropical regions. Some Ganoderma spp. are medicinally active and therefore are used to treat human diseases or as a dietary supplement. In this study, three Ganoderma strains were collected in tropical southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α and RPB2 sequence data indicated that the three strains grouped in a distinct lineage within laccate Ganoderma. One strain was collected from Surat Thani Province clustered in the G. casuarinicola clade with high statistical support (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 98% / PP = 0.96), while the other two strains of Ganoderma, collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, formed a distinct well-supported clade (MLBS = 100% / MPBS = 100% / PP = 1.00) and are described here as a new species. Ganoderma casuarinicola is reported here as a new record to Thailand. Morphological differences of the two taxa and their closely related taxa are discussed. Colour photographs of macro and micro morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new record and new species are provided.

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13

Smith, B. J., and K. Sivasithamparam. "Isozymes of Ganoderma species from Australia." Mycological Research 104, no. 8 (August 2000): 952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756200002446.

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14

Wang, D. M., and Y. J. Yao. "Intrastrain internal transcribed spacer heterogeneity inGanodermaspecies." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-118.

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Intrastrain internal transcribed spacer (ITS) heterogeneity is first reported from Ganoderma, a fungal genus within Basidiomycetes. ITS amplification products from 4 strains, representing 4 Ganoderma species, were cloned and sequenced. Two to five different ITS types were found within a single strain. The clone sequences were analyzed along with other sequences from Ganoderma retrieved from GenBank. The results show that sequence variation within strains varies considerably with species and the heterogeneity may occur in the 3 parts (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) of the ITS region.Key words: intragenomic ITS heterogeneity, polymorphism, Ganoderma.

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15

Kinge, T. R., A. M. Mih, and M. P. A. Coetzee. "Phylogenetic relationships among species of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Cameroon." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 6 (2012): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12011.

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Ganoderma is an important genus of the Polyporales in the tropics. Identification of tropical species has mainly been based on morphology, which has led to misidentification. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Ganoderma isolates from different hosts in Cameroon using morphological and molecular techniques. Analyses of basidiocarp morphology and the internal transcribed spacer and mitochondria small subunit were undertaken for 28 isolates from five plant species. The results show that the isolates belong to eight species. Three of the species were identified to species level; of these only G. ryvardense has been previously described from Cameroon while G. cupreum and G. weberianum are new records. The five remaining species did not match with any previously described species and have been designated as Ganoderma with different species affinities.

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16

Mafia, M. I., F. M. Aminuzzaman, Mohammad Salahuddin Mahmood Chowdhury, and Jannatul Ferdous Tanni. "Occurrence, diversity and morphology of poroid wood decay by Ganoderma spp. from tropical moist deciduous forest region of Bangladesh." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32498.

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There are many hot spots in tropical moist deciduous forest region where wood decay fungi grow naturally. An investigation was carried out to collect, identify and preserve wood decay Ganoderma spp. on the basis of morphological characteristics from Pabna, Dhaka and Rajshahi under tropical moist deciduous forest region in Bangladesh during June to September 2016 and July to October 2017. This study was conducted to record the morphological variability, distribution, habitat and diversity of the Ganoderma population. A total of 40 Ganoderma samples were collected and identified to nine species under Ganodermataceae family. The samples were collected from the sites by walking through the area following standard method. The field data and laboratory analytical data was recorded during sample collection and in the laboratory, respectively.The highest density of occurrence (23%) was recorded for Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma applanatum (20%), Ganoderma praelongum (19%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (18.5%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (17%), Ganoderma boninense (15%), Ganoderma lipsiense (13%) and Ganoderma tsugae (11%). The highest frequency of occurrence (10%) was recorded for Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma lucidum (9%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (8%), Ganoderma boninense (8%), Ganoderma praelongum (7%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (7%),Ganoderma tsugae (6%) and Ganoderma lipsiense (5%). During survey, Koroi (Albizia procera), Aurjun (Terminalia arjuna), Sisso plant (Dalbergia sissoo), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Golden shower (Acacia auriculiformis) and Rain tree (Albizia lebbeck) were found as hosts of Ganoderma spp. The specimens were preserved in the SAU Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF) and might be useful in mushroom breeding and development program for medicine and food industry sector in future.

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17

Horner, W. E., A. Helbling, and S. B. Lehrer. "Basidiomycete allergens: comparison of three Ganoderma species." Allergy 48, no. 2 (February 1993): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00695.x.

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18

Hidayat, Fitria Rizka, Sukiman Sukiman, Ernin Hidayati, Sarkono Sarkono, Bambang Fajar Suryadi, and Faturrahman Faturrahman. "Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract among Three Ganoderma Species From Lombok in Inhibition Growth of Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans." Journal of Science and Science Education 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v1i1.453.

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Candida albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans are opportunistic pathogenic fungi that cause infectious diseases that are the world's biggest health problems. The use of antibiotics is one way to overcome the spread of the infection and cause microbial resistance. Ganoderma is one of the many macrophages found on Lombok's island, and studies of its antifungal activity have not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal potential and the effect of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of three Ganoderma species on C. albicans and C. neoformans. Ganoderma samples were obtained from Suranadi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA), Sesaot TWA, Tunak Mountain TWA, Kerandangan TWA, and Pusuk Forest. Ganoderma extraction was carried out by the maceration method using ethanol 95% solvent. The extract concentrations used are 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. This research was conducted using the wells method with metronidazole as a positive control and 50% DMSO as a negative control. The parameter measured is the large diameter of the inhibition zone formed around the well. The results obtained are the three species of Ganoderma have antifungal activity against test fungi, and different levels of concentration affect inhibition. The amount of the inhibition zone is directly proportional to the high concentration of the extract. All three Ganoderma species are more effective in inhibiting the growth of C. neoformans compared with Candida albicans

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19

Bolaños, Ana Cristina, Vera Lúcia Ramos Bononi, and Adriana De Mello Gugliotta. "New records of Ganoderma multiplicatum (Mont.) Pat. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from Colombia and its geographic distribution in South America." Check List 12, no. 4 (August 13, 2016): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1948.

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Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of fungi with species distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Species of Ganoderma in living Leguminosae were observed in Park de la Salud in Pance, Cali, Colombia and we record G. multiplicatum for the first time from Colombia. A distribution map of this genus in the Neotropical region is presented.

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20

Boromenskyi, D. O., and N. A. Bisko. "Micromorphological features of species of Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) in pure culture." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 76, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj76.06.486.

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21

Zhang, Hui, Huijie Jiang, Xiaojing Zhang, Shengqiang Tong, and Jizhong Yan. "Development of Global Chemical Profiling for Quality Assessment of Ganoderma Species by ChemPattern Software." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1675721.

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Triterpenoids are the major secondary metabolites and active substances in Ganoderma, considered as the “marker compounds” for the chemical evaluation or standardization of Ganoderma. A response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of triterpenoids. The extraction rate was 7.338 ± 0.150 mg/g under the optimum conditions: 87% ethanol, ratio of solid to liquid (w : v) 1 : 28, and ultrasound extraction time 36 min. Based on the high sensitivity and selectivity of HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn, 24 components of triterpenoids were tentatively identified in the negative mode. Then, the global chemical profiling consisting of HPLC and TLC fingerprints generated by ChemPattern™ software was developed for evaluation of Ganoderma species. For fingerprint analysis, 11 peaks of triterpenoids were selected as the characteristic peaks to evaluate the similarities of different samples. The correlation coefficients of similarity were greater than 0.830. The cluster analysis showed a clear separation of three groups, and 11 peaks played key roles in differentiating these samples. The developed global chemical profiling method could be applied for rapid evaluation, quality control, and authenticity identification of Ganoderma and other herbal medicines.

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22

Palanna, K. B., S. Basavaraj, K. R. Shreenivasa, and T. Narendrappa. "Species diversity of Ganoderma causing foot rot of arecanut in southern dry tracts of Karnataka." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/jeb/42/2/mrn-1467.

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Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the morphological and molecular diversity of Ganoderma spp. causing foot rot of arecanut in dry tracts of Southern Karnataka. Methodology: A total of 20 samples isolated from diseased areca palms in three districts of Karnataka were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Qualitative data of cultural characteristics were transformed into code and a binary matrix was generated. Total genomic DNA was isolated and ITS region was amplified using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. PCR amplicon was directly sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Results: The dendrogram generated from the cultural morphological characteristics showed clear variations among Ganoderma isolates causing foot rot. DNA amplification of Ganoderma isolates with fungal universal primers (ITS1 and ITS4) was observed at 650 bp in all isolates tested. Taxonomic correlation of isolates upon NCBI web proved that the isolates were genetically related to Ganoderma spp. with 89-99.49 per cent identity and confirmed the taxonomic identity of isolates used in this study. Interpretation: Phylogenetic analysis of arecanut isolates of southern Karnataka are distinct as evidenced by forming separate cluster. Based on gene homology, G. ryvardenni and G. casuarinicola are new species reported as causal agent of foot rot in arecanut from Karnataka. The ITS gene sequences of four isolates viz., AG3 (MN 784436), AG4 (MN 784437), AG11 (MN 784438), and AG20 (MN 78449) were deposited in NCBI gene bank. Key words: Arecanut, Foot rot, Ganoderma, Phylogeny, Species diversity

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23

YE, LEI, SAMANTHA C. KARUNARATHNA, PETER E. MORTIMER, HUILI LI, MING-HUA QIU, XING-RONG PENG, THATSANEE LUANGHARN, et al. "Ganoderma weixiensis (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota), a new member of the G. lucidum complex from Yunnan Province, China." Phytotaxa 423, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.2.3.

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Despite the ecological and economic significance of Ganoderma, the taxonomy of this group of mushrooms remains largely unresolved. In line with an attempt to further our understanding of Ganoderma, we describe a new species collected from Yunnan Province, China. Ganoderma weixiensis is described here based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1-α gene regions. This new species is characterized by a reddish-brown pileus, cream colored pore surface and context, eccentrically or centrally attached stipe, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores Comparisons of the morphological characteristics of G. weixiensis and its close relatives G. lucidum and G. leucocontextum are also presented.

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24

LIU, HONG, LI-JIE GUO, SU-LING LI, and LI FAN. "Ganoderma shanxiense, a new species from northern China based on morphological and molecular evidence." Phytotaxa 406, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.406.2.4.

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Ganoderma shanxiense is described from Shanxi Province, northern China. It resembles a species of the G. lucidum complex in the appearance of the basidiomata but differs in the basidiospores which have a tapering and obtuse rather than truncate end. The multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, tef1α, rpb1 and rpb2 sequences supports G. shanxiense as a distinct species but closely related to G. lucidum and its allies. A key to the species of Ganoderma lucidum complex in China is presented.

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25

Fauzi, Muhammad, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "Screening of cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungi for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819706001.

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This experiment aimed to screen some cellulose- and lignin-degrading fungal species for improving nutritive quality of ruminant feed. Fungal species used were Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor. These fungal species were grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium that added with 0.5 g substrate, i.e. either rice straw, rice bran or carboxymethyl cellulose for 12 days at room temperature. Harvesting was performed in order to separate fungal mycelium and supernatant that contained crude cellulase enzyme. Among the fungi observed, Ganoderma lucidum had the highest cellulase activity, i.e. 4.02 U/mg. Cellulase activities of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes visicolor were 1.53, 1.08, and 0.13 U/mg, respectively. Ganoderma lucidum was further investigated for its ligninolytic enzyme activity, i.e. laccase and manganese peroxidase. It was observed that the fungi had laccase and manganese peroxidase activities of 368.95 and 33.89 U/mL, respectively. Crude enzymes of Ganoderma lucidum that contain cellulase, laccase and manganese peroxidase were further used to increase nutritive quality of rice straw and subjected to in vitro incubation with rumen fluid of cattle.

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WU, SHENG-HUA, CHI-LIANG CHERN, CHIA-LING WEI, YU-PING CHEN, MITSUTERU AKIBA, and TSUTOMU HATTORI. "Ganoderma bambusicola sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern Asia." Phytotaxa 456, no. 1 (August 19, 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.1.5.

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Ganoderma bambusicola sp. nov. is described and illustrated from tropical Taiwan; it is also found in Laos and Myamar. The species is recognized as new based on morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using three gene regions: ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α. Ganoderma bambusicola has been incorrectly identified as G. neojaponicum in Taiwan for several decades on account of it having a similar shiny dark reddish brown to purplish black pileus surface and a blackish long stipe, but it differs from the latter species in having a homogeneous pileal context. Ganoderma bambusicola is, to date, only known from southern Asia and grows on bamboo roots, while G. neojaponicum occurs on roots or trunks of conifers in Japan, China and Korea. These two species do not have a close relationship according to the present phylogenetic study.

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27

Xing, Jia-Hui, Yi-Fei Sun, Yu-Li Han, Bao-Kai Cui, and Yu-Cheng Dai. "Morphological and molecular identification of two new Ganoderma species on Casuarina equisetifolia from China." MycoKeys 34 (June 7, 2018): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.22593.

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Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan white rot fungal genus, famous for its medicinal properties. In the present study, two new Ganoderma species were collected from south-eastern China and described on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Specimens of both species were found on living trees of Casuarinaequisetifolia. Ganodermaangustisporum sp. nov. is characterised by its sessile basidiomata and almond-shaped, slightly truncate, narrow basidiospores (9–11.3 × 4–5.2 µm). Ganodermacasuarinicola sp. nov. is characterised by its strongly laccate reddish-brown pileal surface, luminous yellow to yellowish-brown cutis and ellipsoid, truncate basidiospores (9–10.2 × 5–6 µm). The two new species are compared with their related taxa. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that G.angustisporum and G.casuarinicola are distinct species within Ganoderma.

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Loyd, Andrew L., Jason A. Smith, Brantlee S. Richter, Robert A. Blanchette, and Matthew E. Smith. "The Laccate Ganoderma of the Southeastern United States: A Cosmopolitan and Important Genus of Wood Decay Fungi." EDIS 2017, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp333-2017.

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Ganoderma Karst. is a large and diverse genus of wood decay fungi that can rot the roots and/or lower trunk of many tree species. There are several laccate (varnished or polished) Ganoderma species that are found in the southeastern United States and this six-page fact sheet provides an overview of the different species. Written by Andrew L. Loyd, Jason A. Smith, Brantlee S. Richter, Robert A. Blanchette, and Matthew E. Smith and published by the Plant Pathology Department.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp333

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Ji, Z. H., and F. Y. Bai. "Ogataea ganodermae sp. nov., a methanol-assimilating yeast species isolated from basidiocarps of Ganoderma sp." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY 58, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65692-0.

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Xie, Jing, Jing Zhao, De-Jun Hu, Jin-Ao Duan, Yu-Ping Tang, and Shao-Ping Li. "Comparison of Polysaccharides from Two Species of Ganoderma." Molecules 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 740–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17010740.

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Gottlieb, Alexandra M., BeatrÍZ O. Saidman, and Jorge E. Wright. "Isoenzymes of Ganoderma species from southern South America." Mycological Research 102, no. 4 (April 1998): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756297005352.

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Ainsworth, Martyn. "Stipes and spores in two British Ganoderma species." Field Mycology 2, no. 2 (April 2001): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60518-x.

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Adaskaveg, J. E., R. L. Gilbertson, and R. A. Blanchette. "Comparative Studies of Delignification Caused by Ganoderma Species †." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, no. 6 (1990): 1932–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.56.6.1932-1943.1990.

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De Leon, Angeles, Mariane Ann Pagaduan, Bryan Panto, and Sofronio Kalaw. "Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines." CLSU International Journal of Science & Technology 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22137/ijst.2021.v5n2.03.

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Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

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Terekhina, T. A., T. M. Kopytina, and S. V. Smirnov. "About rare species of mushrooms in the Altai Territory." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020139.

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The article presents a data on new locations of rare mushrooms in the Altai Territory: Calvatia gigantea,Dictyophora duplicata, Ganoderma lucidum, Hericium coralloides, Mutinus caninus, Mutinus ravenelii, Phallus impudicus, Polyporus umbellatus, Sparassis crispa.

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Widyastuti, Siti Muslimah, Harjono Harjono, and I. Riastiwi. "TOLERANSI TANAMAN PENEDUH POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA DAN PTEROCARPUS INDICUS TERHADAP Ganoderma sp." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11319-23.

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Susceptibility of Urban Trees Polyalthia longifolia and Pterocarpus indicus to Infection of the red root rot fungus Ganoderma sp. Urban trees on the Gadjah Mada University (UGM) area play an important role in increasing environmental qualities as well as in supporting the teaching and learning processes. However, red root rot disease caused by Basidiomycete Ganoderma sp. has severely infected some existing urban trees. This experiment was aimed to determine the susceptibility of Polyalthia longifolia (glodokan) and Pterocarpus indicus (angsana) to the infection of Ganoderma sp. Identification of infected trees was performed in UGM area. Further steps were carried out to achieve those objectives : (1) isolation of Ganoderma spp. and testing of Koch’s postulate and (2) examination of the susceptibility of P. longifolia and P. indicus to infection of Ganoderma sp. The susceptibility test of P. longifolia and P. indicus to Ganoderma sp. indicated that P. longifolia was more resistant to fungal pathogen infection than that of P. indicus. Based on this experiment, it can be concluded that P. longifolia is a species that is more suitable than P. indicus. P. longifolia should be planted on the areas that have been infested with inocula of Ganoderma sp..

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Nurdiyanti, Meilisa Dwi, Asrie Suharti, Mega Putri Amelya, and Ivan Permana Putra. "Catatan Diversitas Jamur di Salah Satu Pulau Terluar Republik Indonesia." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.6.2.56-66.

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Marore Island (Province of North Sulawesi) is one of the outermost island in Indonesia. The island is located at the borderline within the Philippines. Till date, there is no publication about islands macrofungi diversity from this island. In fact, the diversity of macrofungi has the potency to support the development of global bioeconomic in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to make an inventory list of macrofungi on Marore Island in order to enhance the potential in the future. A total was of 22 mushrooms from 13 genera were obtained from this study which were divided into two phylums, namely Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The identification results confirmed the species obtained: Ganoderma sp.1, Ganoderma sp.2, Ganoderma sp.3, Ganoderma sp.4, Ganoderma sp.5, Ganoderma sp.6, Trametes sp.1, Trametes sp.2, Trametes sp.3, Pycnoporus sp.1, Pycnoporus sp.2, Polyporus sp., Daedalea sp., Lentinus sp., Marasmius sp.1, Marasmius sp.2, Schizophyllum sp., Panellus sp., Tricholoma sp., Phallus sp., Dacryopinax spathularia, and Daldinia sp.

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Loyd, Andrew L., Eric R. Linder, Nicolas A. Anger, Brantlee S. Richter, Robert A. Blanchette, and Jason A. Smith. "Pathogenicity of Ganoderma Species on Landscape Trees in the Southeastern United States." Plant Disease 102, no. 10 (October 2018): 1944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-18-0338-re.

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The genus Ganoderma contains species that are associated with dead and declining host trees. Many species have been described as pathogens in literature, because anecdotally, the presence of fruiting bodies on living trees has been widely associated with a general decline in tree health. Few studies have investigated the pathogenicity of Ganoderma species on landscape trees in the southeastern U.S. Pathogenicity tests were used to determine the pathogenicity of G. curtisii, G. meredithiae, G. sessile, and G. zonatum on young, healthy landscape trees (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, P. taeda, Quercus shumardii, Q. virginiana, and Butia odorata) common to the southeastern U.S. Inoculations were made by drilling into the sapwood of the lower bole and inserting wooden dowels that were infested with each Ganoderma species. In two field experiments, 11 to 12 months post inoculation, trees had no visual, external symptoms of disease. There were differences in the extent of internal xylem discoloration near the site of inoculation in comparison with the mock-inoculated control in experiment 1, but there were no differences relative to the control in experiment 2. In both experiments, G. sessile was the only species that was successfully reisolated from the pine and oak hosts. Although disease symptoms were not obvious, the reisolation of G. sessile outside the inoculation point was a significant finding, and suggests that this species was capable of infecting healthy sapwood. G. sessile constitutively produces chlamydospores within its vegetative mycelium, which may contribute to its persistence in the discolored sapwood. These data suggest that the Ganoderma species tested, following trunk wounding, are not pathogens of young, actively growing landscape trees that only possess sapwood. The establishment of these fungi using alternative infection courts (e.g., roots) and their interactions in older living trees (e.g., trees with heartwood) needs investigation to better understand their effects on tree health.

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Wang, Lining, Qinghua Huang, Liulian Zhang, Qingfu Wang, Lei Liang, and Baosheng Liao. "Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors in Ganoderma Species." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 8 (May 29, 2020): 2653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401372.

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Numerous studies in plants have shown the vital roles of MYB transcription factors in signal transduction, developmental regulation, biotic/abiotic stress responses and secondary metabolism regulation. However, less is known about the functions of MYBs in Ganoderma. In this study, five medicinal macrofungi of genus Ganoderma were subjected to a genome-wide comparative analysis of MYB genes. A total of 75 MYB genes were identified and classified into four types: 1R-MYBs (52), 2R-MYBs (19), 3R-MYBs (2) and 4R-MYBs (2). Gene structure analysis revealed varying exon numbers (3-14) and intron lengths (7-1058 bp), and noncanonical GC-AG introns were detected in G. lucidum and G. sinense. In a phylogenetic analysis, 69 out of 75 MYB genes were clustered into 15 subgroups, and both single-copy orthologous genes and duplicated genes were identified. The promoters of the MYB genes harbored multiple cis-elements, and specific genes were co-expressed with the G. lucidum MYB genes, indicating the potential roles of these MYB genes in stress response, development and metabolism. This comprehensive and systematic study of MYB family members provides a reference and solid foundation for further functional analysis of MYB genes in Ganoderma species.

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Capelja, Eleonora, Nevena Stevic, Vladislava Galovic, Milana Novakovic, and Maja Karaman. "rDNA based analysis of autochtonous fungal species from Serbia." Genetika 46, no. 1 (2014): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1401033c.

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Determination of fungal species by traditional morphological approach can often be problematic. In the phylum Basidiomycota, sporocarps of different species can share very similar morphoanatomical characteristics. Using molecular markers and phylogenetic species concept this problem can be reduced. In this study identification of six autochtonous fungal species, collected from several locations in Serbia (Tara, Kopaonik, Stara planina) was done by comparison between morphological and molecular data of fungal species, as well as information obtained from phylogenetic tree. ITS sequences amplified from 11 specimens of two genera of ph. Basidiomycota: Marasmius and Ganoderma, were compared with ITS sequences from database using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbor joining method based on differences between analyzed ITS sequences. Our results showed that within genera Marasmius and Ganoderma morphological and molecular determinations are usually in accordance, but for proper species delimitation both approaches should be used.

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41

Fryssouli, Vassiliki, Georgios Zervakis, Elias Polemis, and Milton A. Typas. "A global meta-analysis of ITS rDNA sequences from material belonging to the genus Ganoderma (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) including new data from selected taxa." MycoKeys 75 (December 1, 2020): 71–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.75.59872.

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Ganoderma P. Karst. is a cosmopolitan genus of white-rot fungi which comprises species with highly-prized pharmaceutical properties, valuable biotechnological applications and of significant phytopathological interest. However, the status of the taxonomy within the genus is still highly controversial and ambiguous despite the progress made through molecular approaches. A metadata analysis of 3908 nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences obtained from GenBank/ENA/DDBJ and UNITE was performed by targeting sequences annotated as Ganoderma, but also sequences from environmental samples and from material examined for the first time. Ganoderma taxa segregated into five main lineages (Clades A to E). Clade A corresponds to the core of laccate species and includes G. shanxiense and three major well-supported clusters: Cluster A.1 (‘G. lucidum sensu lato’) consists of taxa from Eurasia and North America, Cluster A.2 of material with worldwide occurrence including G. resinaceum and Cluster A.3 is composed of species originating from all continents except Europe and comprises G. lingzhi. Clade B includes G. applanatum and allied species with a Holarctic distribution. Clade C comprises taxa from Asia and Africa only. Clade D consists of laccate taxa with tropical/subtropical occurrence, while clade E harbours the highest number of non-laccate species with a cosmopolitan distribution. The 92 Ganoderma-associated names, initially used for sequences labelling, correspond to at least 80 taxa. Amongst them, 21 constitute putatively new phylospecies after our application of criteria relevant to the robustness/support of the terminal clades, intra- and interspecific genetic divergence and available biogeographic data. Moreover, several other groups or individual sequences seem to represent distinct taxonomic entities and merit further investigation. A particularly large number of the public sequences was revealed to be insufficiently and/or incorrectly identified, for example, 87% and 78% of entries labelled as G. australe and G. lucidum, respectively. In general, ITS demonstrated high efficacy in resolving relationships amongst most of the Ganoderma taxa; however, it was not equally useful at elucidating species barriers across the entire genus and such cases are outlined. Furthermore, we draw conclusions on biogeography by evaluating species occurrence on a global scale in conjunction with phylogenetic structure/patterns. The sequence variability assessed in ITS spacers could be further exploited for diagnostic purposes.

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42

Foroutan, A., and J. G. Vaidya . "Record of New Species of Ganoderma in Maharashtra India." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6, no. 6 (August 1, 2007): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.913.919.

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43

Cilerdzic, Jasmina, Mirjana Stajic, Jelena Vukojevic, and Sonja Duletic-Lausevic. "Oxidative Stress and Species of Genus Ganoderma (Higher Basidiomycetes)." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 15, no. 1 (2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v15.i1.30.

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Lindequist, Ulvile, W. D. Julich, B. Cuypers, K. Furstenau, R. Rath, and Sabine Witt. "Physiological and Biochemical Studies of a European Ganoderma Species." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 3, no. 2-3 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v3.i2-3.910.

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45

F, N. Mh, a, P. Kadhila Mu N, ingi, and S. E. Ueitele I. "Minerals and trace elements in domesticated Namibian Ganoderma species." African Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 48 (December 2, 2015): 3216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2015.14573.

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46

HORNER, W., A. HELBLING, M. MCCANTS, J. SALVAGGIO, and S. LEHRER. "184 Allergenic activity of two species of ganoderma (G)." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 87, no. 1 (January 1991): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)91467-8.

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47

Cao, Yun, Sheng-Hua Wu, and Yu-Cheng Dai. "Species clarification of the prize medicinal Ganoderma mushroom “Lingzhi”." Fungal Diversity 56, no. 1 (June 10, 2012): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0178-5.

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48

Yoon, Dae-Eun, Young-Jin Park, O.-Chul Kwon, Jae-Young Nam, Hong-Il Kim, Young-Bok Yoo, Won-Sik Kong, and Chang-Soo Lee. "Study on HPLC conditions for chemotaxonomy of Ganoderma species." Journal of Mushroom 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14480/jm.2013.11.2.107.

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49

XING, JIA-HUI, JIE SONG, CONY DECOCK, and BAO-KAI CUI. "Morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species within the Ganoderma lucidum complex from South Africa." Phytotaxa 266, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.2.5.

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Ganoderma is a well-known genus of polypores because of its important medicinal properties. The genus is typified by G. lucidum, which represents a species complex. Ganoderma aridicola sp. nov. is proposed as a new member of the G. lucidum complex from South Africa based on the combination of morphological and molecular evidences. The new species is characterized by its fuscous to black pileal surface with distinct concentric zones and small pores; in addition, it was found in an environment with contrasted dry and humid seasons. Phylogenetically, sequences data from nuclear internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α) confirmed that G. aridicola is a new species within the G. lucidum complex.

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50

Piątek, Marcin. "Parasitic macrofungi (Basidiomycetes) on fruit shrubs and trees in the Tarnów town (S Poland)." Acta Mycologica 34, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1999.022.

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Results of 6 years of research carried out in the Tarnów town, southern Poland, are presented. Total number of 27 species of <i>Basidiomycetes</i> were recorded on 7 species of fruit shrubs and trees. Some of them were found on hosts new for Poland, on <i>Malus domestica - Abortiporus biennis, Ganoderma australe, Meripilus giganteus, Stereum hirsutum</i> and <i>Volvariella bombycina</i>; on <i>Juglans regia</i> - <i>Ganoderma applanalum</i> and <i>Hineola auricula-judae</i>.

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