Academic literature on the topic 'Gap acceptance theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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Krbálek, Milan, Tomáš Hobza, Miroslav Patočka, Michaela Krbálková, Jiří Apeltauer, and Nikola Groverová. "Statistical aspects of gap-acceptance theory for unsignalized intersection capacity." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 594 (May 2022): 127043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2022.127043.
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Guo, Ruijun, Leilei Liu, and Wanxiang Wang. "Review of Roundabout Capacity Based on Gap Acceptance." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (February 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4971479.
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Circulating vehicles have priority at modern roundabouts. Entrance vehicles can enter the roundabout when there is a time gap larger than the critical gap; otherwise, the vehicles need to wait until there is a large enough gap. The gap acceptance theory was used to analyze the entrance capacity of roundabouts, which can be derived by queuing theory involving two vehicle streams. The paper introduces the main styles of headway distribution, which are named as bunched exponential distribution or M3 distribution. The calculation model of free stream ratio is also introduced. The entrance capacity models can be classified by different entrance vehicle types, which are piecewise function or linear function, or by different critical gap types, which are constant or stochastic function. For each form, the typical capacity expressions are given. The calculation values show a very small difference between these kinds of models. The capacity value based on the critical gap of stochastic function is more realistic and more complex in function style. Some conclusions were derived that drivers’ nonhomogeneous and inconsistent character is more realistic than the fixed critical gap and following gap. The calculation results of capacity are similar to the field capacity under the assumption of homogeneity and continuance, with only a minor percent deviation. Finally, the paper points out additional problems and the suggested research in capacity of roundabouts.
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Yang, Chulsu, Stephen P. Mattingly, James C. Williams, and Hyunwoong Kim. "Development of Managed-Lane Access Guidelines Based on Gap Acceptance Theory." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2257, no. 1 (January 2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2257-11.
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Fortuijn, Lambertus G. H., and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Capacity Estimation on Turboroundabouts with Gap Acceptance and Flow Level Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2517, no. 1 (January 2015): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2517-08.
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In the literature, linear models and exponential models based on gap acceptance theory are distinguished. Parameters for the linear models can be estimated only at the level of traffic flow, whereas the gap acceptance theory assumes that behavioral parameters (critical gap, follow-on time, and minimum headway) can be estimated at the vehicle level, and then capacity can be determined. However, in the latter method, measurements must also be made under saturated conditions because of so-called pseudoconflict (caused by vehicles leaving the roundabout in the opposite leg direction). An analysis of data sources (vehicle level and traffic flow level) indicates that the parameters estimated at the vehicle level correspond with those estimated at the level of traffic flow for single-lane roundabouts, but not for more complex situations. Despite this deficiency, better results can be gained with a model based on the present gap acceptance theory than with a linear model, provided that the parameters are adjusted to consider traffic flow measurements under saturated conditions. Additional research will be necessary to determine which underlying assumptions of the gap acceptance models cause these deficiencies. In Germany, capacity is higher in turboroundabouts than in compact two-lane roundabouts because of better use of the inner lane in the turboroundabout.
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Pan, Bing Hong, and Ling Chen Kong. "Research on Calculation Model of Minimum Net Distance between Interchanges on Eight-Lane Expressway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.121.
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According to traffic operation characteristics and lane changing maneuvers, combining with the export notice signs and considering the worst driving conditions, the gap acceptance theory and kinematics are employed to establish the length of lane change operation between interchanges with probability theory. To operating speed as the premise, the necessary length that drivers change to the inside lane from the nearside lane is analyzed in terms of waiting for the gap acceptance, and the necessary length that drivers change to the nearside lane from the inside lane is also analyzed in terms of running for the gap acceptance, then calculation model of minimum net distance between interchanges on eight-lane expressway is constructed. The recommended value is then put forward.
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Qu, Zhaowei, Yuzhou Duan, Xianmin Song, Hongyu Hu, Huanfeng Liu, and Kehan Guan. "Capacity Prediction Model Based on Limited Priority Gap-Acceptance Theory at Multilane Roundabouts." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490280.
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Capacity is an important design parameter for roundabouts, and it is the premise of computing their delay and queue. Roundabout capacity has been studied for decades, and empirical regression model and gap-acceptance model are the two main methods to predict it. Based on gap-acceptance theory, by considering the effect of limited priority, especially the relationship between limited priority factor and critical gap, a modified model was built to predict the roundabout capacity. We then compare the results between Raff’s method and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, and the MLE method was used to predict the critical gaps. Finally, the predicted capacities from different models were compared, with the observed capacity by field surveys, which verifies the performance of the proposed model.
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Abuhassna, Hassan, and Samer Alnawajha. "The Transactional Distance Theory and Distance Learning Contexts: Theory Integration, Research Gaps, and Future Agenda." Education Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020112.
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Moore established transactional distance theory (TDT) to grasp transactional distance in the context of distance learning. Research using TDT in distance, open, and online learning environments has been undertaken. However, there are information gaps about what constitutes progress, future directions, and research deficits pertaining to TDT in the context of distance education. This systematic literature review (SLR) used PRISMA to analyze 42 papers to close the knowledge gap. Currently, TDT research in distance learning integrates various theories and models; nevertheless, there is a movement toward acceptance models and how to incorporate more relevant theories within the framework of distance learning. Future studies should integrate other aspects such as student motivation, student acceptance of technology, and student preparedness and desire to utilize technology in learning environments. As most research samples students, a research gap involving instructors and heterogeneous groups is proposed. It is projected that quantitative research will predominate in the future, leaving qualitative and mixed approaches as areas of investigation. This review illuminates the developments, future agenda, and research needs pertaining to TDT in the context of distance learning. It might serve as a foundation for future study on TDT in the context of distance, open, and online education.
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Al-Husamiyah, Amer, and Mahmood Al-Bashayreh. "A comprehensive acceptance model for smart home services." International Journal of Data and Network Science 6, no. 1 (2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.10.005.
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Smart home services (SHSs) afford users an effective lifestyle management system, which provides human-oriented networking of smart devices and applications that enable users to control their homes from anywhere at any time. Despite the benefits of SHSs, however, their acceptance is very low. There remains a gap in the literature in terms of a comprehensive model that addresses users’ intention to use SHSs. To address this gap, the present study explored the factors that influence SHS acceptance among users based on well-established theoretical frameworks, such as the technology acceptance model, innovation diffusion theory, and the theory of planned behavior. To this end, the study integrated four additional factors, namely, perceived convenience, perceived connectedness, perceived cost, and perceived privacy risk, into the exploration and carried out structural equation modeling to quantitatively determine the effects of these factors. Questionnaires were administered to 750 users. The findings indicated that perceived compatibility, perceived convenience, perceived connectedness, perceived cost, perceived behavioral control with perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use directly and indirectly exerted a significant influence on users’ intention to use SHSs.
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Wolf, Yuval, Daniel Algom, and Isaac Lewin. "A Signal Detection Theory Analysis of a Driving Decision Task: Spatial Gap Acceptance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 683–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.683.
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Applications of signal detection theory (SDT) in the study of road-users behavior were tested in both real and laboratory settings. The field study used a gap-acceptance task with 3 levels of experimentally produced frustration. The laboratory simulation used a parking task, again with 3 levels of frustration. In addition, a multidimensional analysis of driver's subjective road experience and behavior aided in the interpretation of one of the experimental measures. Successful applications of SDT techniques to the analysis of several traffic problems are demonstrated, and future applications are suggested.
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Rouibah, Kamel, and Hasan A. Abbas. "Effect of Personal Innovativeness, Attachment Motivation and Social Norms on the Acceptance of Camera Mobile Phones." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2010100103.
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This study develops a model to assess the consumer acceptance of Camera Mobile Phone (CMP) technology for social interaction. While there has been considerable research on technology adoption in the workplace, far fewer studies have been done to understand the motives of technology acceptance for social use. To fill in this gap, the authors develop a model that is based on the theory of the technology acceptance model, the theory of reasoned action, the attachment motivation theory, innovation diffusion theory, and the theory of flow. The first research methods used was a qualitative field study that identified the variables that most drive CMP acceptance and build the research model using a sample of 83 consumers. The second method was a quantitative field study, which collected from a sample of 240 consumers in Kuwait in order to test the model. Results reveal the “social use” and “use before shopping” uses, explaining 32.3% and 30% of the variance, respectively. Most importantly, the study reveals that personal innovativeness, attachment motivation, and social norms have an important effect on CMP acceptance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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Valdivias, Adriana. "Robbing the Cradle: Gender, Sociosexuality, and Age Gap Direction’s Effects on Mate Acceptance and Likelihood of Entering an Age Gap Relationship." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/424.
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Using evolutionary and sociocultural theories, the current study examined what people consider important when entering an age gap relationship, willingness to accept a potential age discrepant partner, likelihood of entering an age gap relationship, and the importance of sex in relationships. Differences were predicted for older and younger potential partners as well as for short term or long term relationships in participants 30-50 years old. However, it seems that only men are willing to break dating norms for casual relationships, while women chose the traditional older male-younger woman relationship. For marriage, the pattern showed that participants preferred the traditional older male-younger female relationship, as well.
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Ren, Liang. "Development and Validation of New Capacity Models for Roundabouts." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367372.
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There is increased interest in building modern roundabouts in Europe, Australia and North America because of the safety and operational benefits that can be realized from this type of intersection. With this interest comes the increasing need to be able to estimate the capacity, evaluate the performance and analyze the emission levels that a roundabout will be likely to provide once it is built. In the early 2000s, a National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) study was conducted that, among other tasks, developed single-lane roundabout capacity estimation equations. These equations, presented in the Highway Capacity Manual 2000 and 2010 (referred to as HCM 2000 and 2010 hereafter), can be calibrated using locally determined values for the critical gap and follow-up time. Other models, such as the German Highway Capacity Manual (referred to as GHCM) and SR45 models are also widely used in estimating capacity around the world. However, some studies have indicated that the existing models could under or overestimate roundabout capacity because some important factors, such as headway distribution type, proportion of exiting vehicles and heavy goods vehicles, are not taken into account.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Brandström, Nina. "Underutnyttjande av vårdens informationssystem : Informationslogistik och samordnad vårdplanering." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27973.
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Förväntad effekt av vårdens elektroniska IT-system är ökad patientsäkerhet, vårdkvalitet och tillgänglighet. Ett första villkor för att kunna uppnå detta är att IT-systemet används. I denna studie granskas ett underutnyttjat IT-system, använt för informationsöverföring mellan olika huvudmän vid samordnad vård- och omsorgsplanering. Granskningen baseras på teorier om hur individers intention och vilja till att använda ett IT-system initieras eller upprätthålls genom omgivningens påverkan. Resultatet visar att IT-användare i den patientnära vården (mikrosystemet) saknar adekvat tekniskt, organisatoriskt (mesosystemet) och ledningsstöd (makrosystemet), vilket kan förklara underutnyttjandet.Expected impact of electronic healthcare systems is increasing patient safety, care quality and availability. Using the system is essential to achieve this. This study explain the assimilation gap in an electronic healthcare system used in coordinated care planning by theories how individuals’ intentions and willingness to use electronic systems is affected by environmental influences. The result shows that the end users lack technical, organizational, and management support, which can explains the assimilation gap.
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Vesper, Anton. "How to bridge the gap between theory and practice in argumentation research: Acting like the pragma-dialectical critical designer of acceptance." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33862.
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Diese sprachanalytische Untersuchung befasst sich zum Zweck der Schärfung des argumentationsbezogenen Selbstverständnisses von Mediatoren mit ihren strategischen Handlungen gemäß einer modular strukturierten pragma-dialektischen philosophischen, theoretischen, analytischen, empirischen und praktischen Argumentationsforschung (fünf Komponenten).
Durch die Ausarbeitung der internen Struktur der fünf Komponenten im Rahmen der Einführung einer Beschreibungssprache aus Relationsbegriffen wird die Dualität zwischen Theorie und Praxis der Argumentation, d. h. die „methodische Lücke“ zwischen Idealsprache und Aktualsprache, neuartig überbrückt. Es entsteht zugleich eine komplexe Übersicht über den Forschungsstand der Pragma-Dialektik. Dabei wird das analytische Potenzial des Idealmodells critical discussion kritisch bewertet, entsprechende Mängel werden in Bezug auf die Theorie-Praxis-Beziehung beseitigt.
Wegen der praktischen Ausrichtung der Argumentationsforschung wird dann, erstens, über eine Integration von critical discussion mit Mediations-Regeln der Vereinten Nationen ein ontologischer Rahmen für strategische Gesprächsanalysen in Mediationssitzungen entwickelt. Zweitens wird eine Unterscheidung strategischer Handlungen im Rahmen der fünf Komponenten genutzt, um zu einer Lokalisierung der Komplexität der paradoxen Rolle von Mediatoren zu führen. Die zentralen Anforderungen an ihre argumentative Kompetenz sowie antizipierbare Strategien von Mediatoren als „analytisch-intuitive Praktiker“ werden ersichtlich, nämlich in ihrem Umgang mit der Theorie-Praxis-Lücke als „pragma-dialektische kritische Designer von Akzeptanz“. Wie, drittens, auf Grundlage dieser argumentativen Kompetenz durch die Nutzung der modular strukturierten Ergebnisse ein Flow von Kommunikation in der Praxis von Mediationssitzungen gesichert und damit zweckorientiert eine Optimierung der argumentativen Realität in Konfliktmanagements erreicht werden kann, wird in einer zweifach reflexiven Fallstudie vorgeführt.
Books on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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1943-, Mitchell Stephen, and Zhou Lingying, eds. Yi nian zhi zhuan: Si ju hua gai bian ni de ren sheng. Taibei Shi: Qi ji zi xun zhong xin, 2007.
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Briggs, Adrian, and Andrew Burrows. Formation and Third Party Rights in the Myanmar Law of Contract. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0022.
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This chapter discusses the Myanmar law on contract formation and third party beneficiaries. The Myanmar law of contract largely comprises the Myanmar Contract Act 1872, which is identical to the Indian Contract Act 1872 subject to some factual changes in the illustrations). It was drafted by English lawyers and appears to be a statutory codification of the English common law of contract. In addition, section 13(3) of the Burma Laws Act 1898 allows courts to fill gaps in the written laws by the application of the principles of justice, equity, and good conscience. The first requirement for a contract is a proposal which may be revoked at any time prior to its acceptance. Second, there must be acceptance of the proposal, either by expression of agreement (the postal acceptance rule applies unless otherwise specified) or by performance. Third, consideration is necessary to convert an agreement into an enforceable contract if the parties are competent and the agreement is lawful. Myanmar law does not adopt the view that only the parties can enforce a contract—third parties are free to enforce contracts made for their benefit.
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Christoforidis, Michael. Finding a Spanish Voice for Carmen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195384567.003.0008.
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In Chapter 7, the focus returns to Spain, where Sevillian opera singer Elena Fons built on her own local heritage to create a new authenticity as Carmen, applauded throughout the Latin world. The influence of verismo in tandem with the acceptance of Carmen in Spain was to have a significant impact on Spanish composers searching for a national operatic voice, their new lyric works leading to comparison with and ambivalence toward Bizet’s opera. The chapter ends with a case study of Maria Gay, the internationally renowned Catalan opera singer who created a reading of Carmen that was both modern and Spanish, defining it as a verismo role while critically engaging with the layers of Hispanic stereotype it had accrued.
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Mundt, Christoph. Impact of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology: the range of appraisal. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609253.003.0004.
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Growing unease in the scientific community has stimulated reception of classical authors as Karl Jaspers. By drawing on existential philosophy Jaspers has given GP a depth which allows reflecting the methodological premises of psychopathology. Anthropologic phenomenology of Edmund Husserl was received with scepticism by Jaspers as was V. v. Weizsäcker’s psychosomatic medicine and Mitscherlich`s psychoanalysis. Jaspers refined mainstream psychopathology by understanding their nature and defining precise criteria. Delusion and psychotic symptoms are examples. The observation of patient`s and psychiatrist`s “vicarious self-representations” gained acceptance although low reliability was expected. Substantial critique on GP is rare. Some authors consider Jaspers’ work as replica of French psychiatrists. However, Jaspers’ work is unique in getting in touch philosophy and psychiatry. The comprehensiveness of the material is one merit of GP. Amazing that in times when psychopathological concepts are short lived a book published one hundred years ago still exerts influence. This steady interest may be an indication that GP touches upon the very roots of mental life.
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Freilich, Charles D. The Military Response Today. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 assesses Israel’s military responses to the primary threats it now faces. It argues that Israel has gained overwhelming conventional superiority, but that it is unclear whether it could have effectively attacked Iran’s nuclear program. Israel has reduced terrorism to a level its society can tolerate, but it remains a strategic threat, nevertheless. Israel does not yet appear to have an offensive response to the Hezbollah and Hamas threats, at an acceptable price, requiring greater emphasis on defense. Conversely, there have been over 10 years of quiet with Hezbollah, partly because of the deterrence gained in 2006. Israel’s rocket defenses largely neutralized the Hamas threat during the 2014 operation, and if a similar lull is gained with Hamas, limited deterrence will have been achieved. The real challenge is Hezbollah’s rocket arsenal. Israel has become a global leader in cybersecurity but is concerned that its adversaries will narrow the gap.
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Paletz, Susannah B. F., Kyle Bogue, Ella Miron-Spektor, and Julie Spencer-Rodgers. Dialectical Thinking and Creativity from Many Perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0009.
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Dialectical thinking has been investigated together with creativity for decades. This chapter organizes the literature by contrasting the different conceptualizations of dialectical thinking used to study creativity. Dialectical thinking has been defined quite differently from a variety of theoretical perspectives. From the Hegelian perspective, dialectical thinking has come to mean the apex of formal thinking or a particular cognitive strategy. Naïve or East Asian dialectical thinking, by contrast, includes a sense that contradictions exist that need not be resolved. In this chapter, these conceptions of dialectical thinking are compared and contrasted. The chapter (1) discusses how creativity may be differentially impacted by different kinds of dialectical thinking, (2) describes cultural differences for acceptance-oriented (naïve) dialectical thinking, (3) reviews the literature on concepts related to dialectical thinking, (4) points out gaps in current theory and research, and (5) recommends future cross-cultural and within-culture research.
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Boonen, Annelies. Cost-of-illness and economic evaluations in axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0025.
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Consideration of costs and budgets plays an increasingly important role in decisions on access to innovative technologies. When clinicians want to influence such decisions, it is essential to understand the information on the burden of the disease and the evidence on cost-effectiveness of technologies. This chapter provides guidance to understanding the key methodological principles of economic evaluations, and describes available evidence on these issues in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). In the prebiologics era, the cost-of-illness for society of ankylosing spondylitis was slightly lower than for rheumatoid arthritis, and substantially lower than chronic low back pain. Cost of sick leave and work disability accounted for up to 75% of total cost-of-illness. Treatment with biologics increased cost-of-illness substantially, but the important gain in quality-adjusted life years resulted in acceptable cost-effectiveness in patients with active disease. There remains a gap in knowledge about the cost-effectiveness of diagnosing and treating axSpA earlier.
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Saguy, Abigail C. Come Out, Come Out, Whoever You Are. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931650.001.0001.
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This book examines how and why people use the concept of coming out as a certain kind of person to resist stigma and collectively mobilize for social change. It examines how the concept of coming out has taken on different meanings as people adopt it for varying purposes—across time, space, and social context. Most other books about coming out—whether fiction, academic, or memoir—focus on the experience of gay men and lesbians in the United States. This is the first book to examine how a variety of people and groups use the concept of coming out in new and creative ways to resist stigma and mobilize for social change. It examines how the use of coming out among American lesbians, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) people has shifted over time. It also examines how four diverse US social movements—including the fat acceptance movement, undocumented immigrant youth movement, the plural-marriage family movement among Mormon fundamentalist polygamists, and the #MeToo movement—have employed the concept of coming out to advance their cause. Doing so sheds light on these particular struggles for social recognition, while illuminating broader questions regarding social change, cultural meaning, and collective mobilization.
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Badger, Tony. Albert Gore Sr., Liberalism and the South in the 1960s. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036866.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on how race and war intersected in 1960s Tennessee to destroy the career of a relatively progressive southern senator. Postwar conservatives used coded racism to lure southerners from the Democratic column and to associate liberalism with African American special-interest-group politics. Al Gore failed to realize that his moderate position on civil rights alienated him from his white voters. No amount of Northern liberal support could save him as the Solid South began its defection to the GOP (Grand Old Party). Gore's defeat represented a generational shift in liberalism. Never again would it be acceptable to rely on an ethical reputation or class envy to secure reelection—liberals would have to find new ways of talking to their constituents and building trust.
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Saxe, Glenn N., Hannah Gartner, and Adam D. Brown. Psychosocial Interventions for Child Traumatic Stress. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0021.
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This chapter reviews the array of psychosocial interventions available for the treatment of child traumatic stress and the specific qualities of these interventions for addressing the needs of traumatized children and their families. The literature supporting the efficacy or effectiveness of these interventions is reviewed in detail. Unlike other reviews of the literature on this topic—which largely focus on highlighting the interventions with the highest level of empirical evidence from clinical trials—this chapter emphasizes the information that clinicians and their agencies will need in selecting interventions for traumatized children and families and the available evidence supporting such interventions. Accordingly, this chapter also highlights the gaps in empirical knowledge that will be necessary to address in order to ensure that interventions can be effective, take root, and achieve acceptable scale in the settings where traumatized children typically receive care.
Book chapters on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Raffaele Mauro. "Interference Between Traffic Flows: The Gap Acceptance Theory." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 131–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60723-4_7.
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Barchański, Adrian. "Impact of Drivers’ Waiting Time on the Gap Acceptance at Median, Uncontrolled T-Intersections." In Present Approach to Traffic Flow Theory and Research in Civil and Transportation Engineering, 149–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93370-8_11.
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Heffernan, Valerie, and Katherine Stone. "International Responses to Regretting Motherhood." In Women’s Lived Experiences of the Gender Gap, 121–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1174-2_11.
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AbstractRecent debates about maternal regret, prompted by the publication of Israeli sociologist Orna Donath’s (2015) research with mothers who admit to regretting their motherhood, have manifested differently in different cultural contexts. This chapter situates Tiina Sihto and Armi Mustosmäki’s analysis of a discussion of regret among contributors to an online forum for mothers in Finland (see Chap. 10.1007/978-981-16-1174-2_10) within the international context by comparing the Finnish discussion to similar media debates in Spain and the Anglophone countries. Our analysis reveals that while the idea that a woman might regret her motherhood is more readily accepted in countries where institutional support for mothers is lacking, there is a general acceptance that the inordinate pressures placed on mothers in neoliberal societies to negotiate the competing demands of family and paid employment make it inevitable that some women will experience regret. Moreover, we find evidence that the open conversation about regret triggered by Donath’s research is perceived as a further step towards destabilizing traditional attitudes towards gender roles.
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Pfoser, Sarah. "Introduction." In Decarbonizing Freight Transport, 1–13. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37103-6_1.
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AbstractOne of the grand challenges the logistics industry is facing today is the question of how to limit the negative impact of freight transport. Despite political endeavors, the environmental performance of the transport system has not improved so far. Existing measures are not sufficient to motivate transport users to implement sustainable freight transport strategies. Without transport users’ willingness to realize sustainable freight transport, the strategies will fail. As a matter of fact, studies on transport users’ demand for sustainable freight transport strategies are scarce. It is therefore difficult to consider their needs and requirements towards sustainable freight transport. To address this gap and promote sustainable practices, this thesis studies the acceptance of sustainable freight transport. Based on the determinants of acceptance, policy measures are designed which attract transport users to implement sustainable freight transport and help decarbonize logistics.
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Bong, Way Kiat, Florian Maußer, Margot van Eck, Diogo De Araujo, Jorg Tibosch, Tobias Glaum, and Weiqin Chen. "Designing Nostalgic Tangible User Interface Application for Elderly People." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 471–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_56.
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AbstractOur elderly population faces challenges in accepting and using new digital technology, and tangible user interface (TUI) can contribute as a more intuitive user interface in addressing these challenges. Studies have shown that nostalgic memories trigger positive emotions, which can provide better experiences for elderly people in learning and using new technology. However, the use of nostalgia in TUI for elderly people has been little and therefore the understanding on how nostalgia can contribute in TUI promoting technology acceptance among elderly people is limited. In order to address this knowledge gap, in this study we have created a nostalgic TUI application for elderly people through three iterations of design, development and evaluation. The results show that by adopting the element of nostalgia into the TUI application, elderly people could learn to use new technology in a more intuitive way. They could relate the new technology to their old positive memories. However, they had expectations that the TUI application would work exactly like the old fashioned way. Through the research process, we gathered and reflected on the lessons learned, which can serve as guidelines for using the concept of nostalgia in designing TUI application for elderly people’s technology acceptance.
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Ghaziani, Amin. "Why Gayborhoods Matter: The Street Empirics of Urban Sexualities." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 87–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_4.
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AbstractUrbanists have developed an extensive set of propositions about why gay neighborhoods form, how they change, shifts in their significance, and their spatial expressions. Existing research in this emerging field of “gayborhood studies” emphasizes macro-structural explanatory variables, including the economy (e.g., land values, urban governance, growth machine politics, affordability, and gentrification), culture (e.g., public opinions, societal acceptance, and assimilation), and technology (e.g., geo-coded mobile apps, online dating services). In this chapter, I use the residential logics of queer people—why they in their own words say that they live in a gay district—to show how gayborhoods acquire their significance on the streets. By shifting the analytic gaze from abstract concepts to interactions and embodied perceptions on the ground—a “street empirics” as I call it—I challenge the claim that gayborhoods as an urban form are outmoded or obsolete. More generally, my findings caution against adopting an exclusively supra-individual approach in urban studies. The reasons that residents provide for why their neighborhoods appeal to them showcase the analytic power of the streets for understanding what places mean and why they matter.
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Tipurić, Darko. "Strategic Leadership Between Hegemony and Ideology." In The Enactment of Strategic Leadership, 147–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03799-3_6.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces the construct of hegemony of strategic leadership and the categories of power and how it reflects on strategic leadership. Within an organization, hegemony gets an additional meaning. It refers to the members ‘and the entire collective’s acceptance of the dominant organizational ideology and aspirations established by the managerial elite. Further, power is an inevitable category when it comes to understanding social relations and structures. Having power means being able to influence the behaviour of others but not necessarily to also modify their behaviour. In this chapter, the author skilfully fills the philosophical gap in the field of strategic leadership, defending the thesis that strategic leadership is inseparable from organizational ideology.
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Jones, Tiffany. "LGBTQ+ Professionals’ Euphorias! Site-specific Shifts in LGBTQ+ Education Staff’s Happiness & Comfort." In Euphorias in Gender, Sex and Sexuality Variations, 93–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23756-0_5.
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AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) education professionals have been portrayed negatively in education research literature and can be fired in religious institutions. This chapter investigates 229 LGBTQ+ professionals’ euphorias in their employing education institutions. Almost half of LGBTQ+ staff were euphoric about their identities at school especially if out or in urban/suburban contexts. Many were euphoric often. Institutional Inclusion, Acceptance, and Pride Generativity euphorias dominated. Over two-thirds of staff reported changes to euphorias, including (1) site-specific shifts in Institutional Inclusion and Acceptance euphorias depending on the support employment bodies and communities, employment security and safety concerns and (2) a less pronounced slow increase of Community Connection euphoria, especially relative to the disclosure, education, and activist efforts of colleagues. Changes had site-specific or variable qualities.
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Niedt, Greg. "A Tale of Three Villages: Contested Discourses of Place-Making in Central Philadelphia." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 159–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_7.
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AbstractAs the acceptance of queer identities has proceeded in fits and starts over the last few decades, the question has been raised, is it still necessary to have dedicated queer spaces? City dwellers often reason that with supposed improvements in safety and social mixing, the “gay ghettos” that form a transitional stage in neighborhood revitalization should now become common areas. Yet the capitalist logic that drives this thinking often trades the physical threat of exclusion or violence for an existential one, jeopardizing a distinctive culture that remains valuable in the self-realization process of local queer citizens. This is visible not only in changing demographics, but also in the production of discourse across multiple levels; language and semiotics help to constitute neighborhoods, but also to conceptualize them. This chapter examines how public signs and artifacts reify and sustain three competing narratives of a single central Philadelphia neighborhood in flux: the traditionally queer “Gayborhood” that developed shortly after World War II, the officially designated “Washington Square West,” and the realtor-coined, recently gentrifying “Midtown Village.” I argue that the naming and describing of these spaces, and how their associated discourses are reflected by their contents, continues to play a role in the ongoing struggle for queer acceptance. Combining observational data of multimodal public texts (storefronts, flyers, street signs, etc.) and critical discourse analysis within the linguistic/semiotic landscapes paradigm, I present a critique of the presumed inevitability of queer erasure here. This is supplemented with a comparison of grassroots, bottom-up, and official, top-down documents in various media (maps, brochures, websites, social media, etc.) that perpetuate the different discourses. Ultimately, a change in urban scenery and how a neighborhood is envisioned only masks the fact that spaces of queer expression, marked by their eroding distinctiveness rather than their deviance, are still needed.
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Jones, Tiffany. "LGBTQ+ Parents’ Euphorias! Consistencies in LGBTQ+ parents’ Happiness & Comfort." In Euphorias in Gender, Sex and Sexuality Variations, 121–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23756-0_6.
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AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) parents’ rights were openly debated around marriage legislation movements. Religious schools can deny their families services. This chapter investigates 208 LGBTQ+ parents’ euphorias in their children’s schools. Under a third of them were euphoric and mostly always or often; gay or lesbian parents were more likely to experience euphorias and parents with disabilities were less likely. Institutional Inclusion, Category Validation, Pride Generativity, and Community Connection euphorias dominated. Most parents reported no changes to their euphorias. Change-trends included: (1) increased expectation for Institutional Inclusion euphoria; (2) steady growth in (Self-) Acceptance euphoria; (3) relationships and relationship views as a moderating factor; (4) learning and teaching euphorias; and (5) time as an enabling factor. Parent euphorias had stable and revolutionary qualities.
Conference papers on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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Shi, Xueying, and Junyu Zhu. "Modification of a Gap Acceptance Theory Model of Roundabouts’ Capacities." In 16th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479896.151.
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Li, Linheng, Jing Gan, Fan Yang, Bin Ran, and Jian Zhang. "A Method to Calculate the Capacity of Unsignalized Intersection for Connected and Automated Vehicles Based on Gap Acceptance Theory." In 19th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482292.482.
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Ouherrou, Nihal, Margarita Auli-Giraldo, and Stéphanie Mailles Viard Metz. "ASSESSING E-PORTFOLIO ACCEPTABILITY IN AN ONLINE COURSE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end121.
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"E-portfolios play an important role in the success of online courses in higher education. They help universities to provide a more effective and efficient teaching-learning process by enabling students to track their skills and proceed towards their future career goals. In view of the rapid expansion of e-portfolios in French universities, a challenging problem arises regarding its acceptance and use by higher education students, particularly in the context of online courses. Indeed, using new technology can be considered as a process that implies the evolution of judgment over time. To address this gap, the present study has two objectives. First, it explores the key factors of acceptability (before use) and acceptance (after first use) of the e-portfolio Karuta according to the literature and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Second, it aims to generate appropriate assumptions and validate research instruments for a new experiment (e.g., questions, items). This is a quantitative and qualitative survey with a descriptive scope. Data were collected from 10 Master students in pedagogical and digital engineering at Aix-Marseille University, France. The research instrument is a questionnaire consisting of open and closed-end questions including: 41 items using a 7 points Likert Scale, which covers Self-Regulated Online Learning (SRSOL), UTAUT’s factors and the perceived enjoyment variable administered before and after use; 2 open questions to gather more explanations from participants about their reasons to continue to (or not to) use the e-portfolio in the future; and 1 question about their feelings regarding the reflexive activity implemented when they completed or used the e-portfolio within the Karuta tool. The results showed that students seem to have the intention to continue to use the e-portfolio as part of their learning process. Besides, it appears that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence predict behavioral intention to use and to continue to use the e-portfolio."
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Totaram, Sanjana Devi. "Tech or Teach or Both? A Case Study of Digitalisation of Vocational Education and Training in Mauritius." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.646.
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This paper aims at filling the gap of lack of research on the use of digital tools to teach in the vocational sector. It presents the findings of the application of the Digital Education Leadership Training in Action (C-DELTA) project for the digitalisation of the vocational education and training at the Mauritius Institute of Training and Development (MITD). Implementation of C-DELTA is in line with the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis et al., 1989) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) (Venkatesh et al.,2012). Action research has been used. The data collected has been analysed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. A significant improvement in performance has been noted among those who adopted the digital shift. The learners were motivated to learn differently. This paper proves that the digital shift is possible in vocational training for the benefit of the students provided that the key ingredients are in place like an effective training of the trainers, a robust online platform, and active participation of the learners.
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Yablonovitch, Eli. "Photonic band structure." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.me1.
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By analogy to electron waves in a crystal, electromagnetic waves in a 3-D periodic dielectric structure should be described by band theory. The idea of photonic band structure1 is rapidly2–5 gaining acceptance. The concepts of reciprocal space, Brillouin zones, dispersion relations, Bloch wave functions, Van Hove singularities, etc., are now being applied to optical waves. If the depth of refraction index modulation is sufficient, a photonic band gap can exist. This is a frequency band in which electromagnetic modes, spontaneous emission, and zero point fluctuations are all absent. Indeed, a photonic band gap cam be essentially ideal provided the dielectric response is real and dissipationless. In addition to the obvious uses in atomic and laser physics, photonic band structure can now begin to play a role in microwave and millimeter wave electronics. Defects can be introduced into the otherwise perfect 3-D structures, creating electromagnetic donor modes and acceptor modes. Effectively, these defects are purely dielectric single-mode high-Q cavities suitable for a range of frequencies from microwaves to the visible. At the outset it was realized1 that a face-centered-cubic (FCC) array in real space would produce the most spherelike Brillouin zone in reciprocal space. This spherelike geometry increased the likelihood that a forbidden gap would overlap all the way around the surface of the Brillouin zone. But is was unclear what should be the shape in real space of the atoms in this FCC array. The history of this field has been a search for that optimal 3-D dielectric geometry, favored by nature and by Maxwell’s equations. During this same period, electronic band theorists began calculating photonic band structure. It rapidly became apparent that the familiar scalar wave band theory, so frequently used for electrons in solids, was in utter disagreement with experiment on photons.7–10 Recently3–5 a full vector-wave band theory became available, which not only agreed with experiment, it successfully highlighted some discrepancies in the experiment.
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Cooper, Sarah. "Female high technology entrepreneurs: an exploration of their pre-entrepreneurial careers and motivations for venture creation." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268475404.
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The changing business environment and its growing acceptance of women have influenced the motivations of women to consider entrepreneurship as an alternative career path. Women are well-represented as entrepreneurs in some sectors; however, they remain heavily underrepresented in areas such as science, engineering and technology (SET). While studies have been conducted amongst female entrepreneurs in traditionally female sectors, such as retail and personal services, little attention has been paid the motivations and pre-entrepreneurial careers of women who establish ventures in technology-based areas. The pre-entrepreneurial career is important in influencing an entrepreneur’s social, human and financial capital which plays a pivotal role in shaping the start-up venture and growth. Greater understanding of the motivations and pre-entrepreneurial pathways of women in technology might help identify ways of encouraging more women to consider taking that career-path. Research reported here addresses the gap in the literature by exploring the pre-entrepreneurial careers and start-up motivations of 18 female technology entrepreneurs in Northern Ireland, using data collected through an exploratory, interview-based study. Implications for theory, policy and practice are explored.
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Pucci, Alessandro, Hélder S. Sousa, José C. Matos, Mario Lucio Puppio, Linda Giresini, and Mauro Sassu. "Risk management for bridges: a case study of unforeseen failure mode." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.205.
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<p>Risk management plays a crucial role in the stakeholders’ decision making because it is directly related to safety, serviceability and economy. There is now a growing concern about how to relocate known risks into an acceptance threshold: this implies the evaluation of several options obtained from hazard scenarios considering the related consequences. In parallel, practitioners usually rely on standard tools for risk assessment, and on structural codes to compute performances. Although this approach is currently widely implemented, this research shows that hazardous situations can arise in properly designed infrastructures, due to errors in management. This paper deals with such issue, also highlighting a gap in current codes that could contribute to losses caused by unforeseen failure modes. In this study, a preliminary FMEA assessment was performed to identify the failure modes that required a deeper quantitative analysis. In a second step, a quantitative analysis was implemented, using a modular methodology that combines reliability theory with a risk-based approach. The results evidenced that a wider analysis focused on the identification of vulnerable areas shall be considered in every stage of the asset management. Furthermore, the dynamic of this process is regulated by the established safety level concerning possible damages to people, production sites and commercial activities.</p>
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Hensch, Ann-Christin, Matthias Beggiato, Sarah Mandl, Anja Strobel, and Josef Krems. "The interplay of personality traits with drivers’ gap acceptance." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002464.
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To support road safety and user acceptance, the interaction capabilities of automated vehicles (AVs) need to be intuitive and transparent. Therefore, established interaction capabilities of manual drivers need to be implemented in AVs. In manual driving, accepted time gaps (gap acceptance, GA) are frequently applied to coordinate interactions between traffic participants. Various driver characteristics, such as age, were shown to influence GA. However, little research considered the influence of driver personality traits on GA. Therefore, the current online study investigated the effect of drivers’ sensation seeking and big five personality traits (i.e., agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism) on GA. The applied video material displayed an intersection scenario with approaching interaction partners encountering from the left of the drivers’ perspective. A total of 121 participants contributed to the study. The findings showed a significant effect for participants’ sensation seeking on GA. Participants scoring higher in sensation seeking accepted smaller time gaps resulting in riskier decisions for the turning maneuvers than participants scoring lower in sensation seeking. Moreover, the results revealed a significant difference in GA regarding participants’ agreeableness. Participants scoring higher in agreeableness indicated larger time gaps to initiate turning maneuvers (i.e., more cooperative interactions) than participants scoring lower in agreeableness. There was no effect for extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism on GA. To support the user acceptance of automated driving functions, differences in driving style preferences related to personal characteristics should be considered in AVs (e.g., by offering selectable driving style profiles).
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Wang, Tianjiao, Jianping Wu, Pengjun Zheng, and Mike McDonald. "Study of pedestrians' gap acceptance behavior when they jaywalk outside crossing facilities." In 2010 13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems - (ITSC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2010.5625157.
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Srinivasan Rammanoharan, Sneha, Jose Alguindigue, Apurva Narayan, and Siby Samuel. "SHRP2 Naturalistic Data Analysis of Older Drivers’ Gap-Acceptance Behaviour." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002478.
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Drivers aged 65 and older are very prone to motor vehicle crashes. Intersections appear to be hazardous for drivers of this age group due to the driver’s cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor challenges. Literature notes that older drivers find it incredibly challenging to safely navigate left turns at signalized intersections. Studies have identified the driver’s physical health, vision, and cognition as factors that impact the ability of older drivers to sufficiently monitor the gaps in oncoming traffic to make a left turn safely. The current paper aims to address the gap in the literature by explicitly examining older drivers’ gap acceptance behaviors during left turns at protected intersections. We utilize the Naturalistic Driving Study Data collected via the Strategic Highway Research Plan (SHRP2) to understand older driver behavior better. SHRP2 makes available a geo-spatially linked, comprehensive database over a multi-year period from over 3400 participants across six sites. SHRP2 databases contain a relatively more significant proportion of younger and older drivers than the national driver population databases. This dataset includes a trip summary, vehicle data, driver questionnaire, and test battery data specifying driving history, physical and psychological conditions, demographics and exit interview data, time-series data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections, and forward video data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections. Data is analyzed for participants over the age of 65 and participants between the ages of 30-50. Several hundred baseline, near-crash, and crash events are obtained for comparison. The video data is annotated using the DREAM methodology. The Roadway Information Database (RID) also considers additional variables such as crash histories and traffic and weather conditions. The samples of the forward video data provide the start time and end time of each gap accepted or rejected by the turning driver, especially when turning left, during unprotected phases, and help understand the participant’s interactions with other vehicles just before and after the intersections. As the data has been collected over multiple years across multiple sites, the dataset is considered a multivariate time series model. As there is more than a one-time dependent variable, the data was analyzed using Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous factors (SARIMAX) models. These models are expected to achieve an accuracy of around 80 percent at four-way intersections and approximately 60 percent in T-intersections. We anticipate that the older drivers will exhibit longer gap acceptance times and a greater frequency of gap rejections than their younger counterparts while turning left across traffic at signalized intersections. The findings of the current study will have implications for older driver safety. Researchers may use the findings to understand gap acceptance behaviors further, while policymakers may utilize the results to design mobility guidelines.
Reports on the topic "Gap acceptance theory"
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Великодна, Мар’яна Сергіївна. Psychoanalytic Study on Psychological Features of Young Men «Millionaires» in Modern Provincial Ukraine. Theory and Practice of Modern Psychology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3873.
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The article is based on three cases of private psychoanalytic work with successful businessmen from central and northern parts of Ukraine. The research methodology was psychoanalytic theories devoted to the unconscious meanings of money and the role of money in the psychoanalytic setting, including object theory, drive theory, psychosexual development theory, narcissism theory, Oedipus complex, transference and resistance. What presents the interest of this study are the cases when those who grew up in poverty finally obtains such a desired object — money, wealth, however, something unconscious hinders this person to get satisfied by it and even to admit obtaining it. The presented clinical work was conducted as classic psychoanalysis in person with different duration: 5, 10 and 46 months. Men were asked to tell whatever comes to mind: thoughts, memories, dreams, phantasies, feelings etc. The role of psychoanalyst was to hear specific connections between patient’s stories and to analyze them together with the patient. The cases presented highlight several psychological features of young men «millionaires» who suffer from their own success. 1. Sensitivity to Father’s (real or symbolic) acceptance of their business and financial success. 2. Activation of unconscious Oedipus complex and Complex of castration because of the risk to dethrone the Father in reality, with experiences of guilt, fear and expectation of punishment. 3. Projection of their own envy, hate, wish to avenge and killing phantasies into external objects (friends, partners, psychoanalyst) with building individual defensive strategies from them. These psychological features were associated not only with suffering and psychopathological symptoms but also with impossibility to continue business development. In addition, the cases analyzed in the article show some difficulties in building business connected with the generations gap. Fathers from the USSR or the 90s teach their sons to act in the way that is not relevant for successful careers nowadays. This latent or manifested struggle between generations may be an important factor in abovementioned psychological features.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.
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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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Khvostina, Inesa, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleh Yatsiuk, Nadiia Daliak, Olha Romanko, and Ekaterina Shmeltser. Casual analysis of financial and operational risks of oil and gas companies in condition of emergent economy. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4120.
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The need to control the risk that accompanies businesses in their day- to-day operations, and at the same time changing economic conditions make risk management an almost indispensable element of economic life. Selection of the main aspects of the selected phases of the risk management process: risk identification and risk assessment are related to their direct relationship with the subject matter (risk identification to be managed; risk analysis leading to the establishment of a risk hierarchy, and, consequently, the definition of risk control’ methods) and its purpose (bringing the risk to acceptable level). It is impossible to identify the basic patterns of development of the oil and gas industry without exploring the relationship between economic processes and enterprise risks. The latter are subject to simulation, and based on models it is possible to determine with certain probability whether there have been qualitative and quantitative changes in the processes, in their mutual influence on each other, etc. The work is devoted to exploring the possibilities of applying the Granger test to examine the causal relationship between the risks and obligations of oil and gas companies. The analysis is based on statistical tests and the use of linear regression models.
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Hellwig, Runa T., Despoina Teli, Marcel Schweiker, Rodrigo Mora, Joon-Ho Choi, Rajan Rawal, M. C. Jeffrey Lee, Zhaojun Wang, and Farah Al-Atrash. Guidelines for low energy building design based on the adaptive thermal comfort concept - Technical report: IEA EBC Annex 69: Strategy and Practice of Adaptive Thermal Comfort in Low Energy Buildings. Aalborg University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau510903564.
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The adaptive thermal comfort concept has been developed over many years and proven in numerous field studies (e.g. Webb 1964, Nicol and Humphreys 1973, Auliciems 1981b, de Dear et al. 1997, McCartney and Nicol 2002, Manu et al. 2016), showing that people are satisfied with a wide range of thermal conditions. Prerequisite is that people are provided with means to make themselves comfortable, that they know which opportunities they have, that it is socially acceptable to use these opportunities and that they are willing to use them (Hellwig, 2015). However, the overall understanding of how to design for such opportunities enabling the occupant to make themselves comfortable in relation to climate and building type, thus how to convert the adaptive thermal comfort concept into building design and concepts for operating buildings, is still limited. There are still common misunderstandings in the interpretation of the adaptive comfort approach among building planners and operators e.g. regarding the amount of control, the seriousness of this topic or the level of information needed by occupants for which reason guidance (e.g. CIBSE 2010, Cook et al. 2020) and knowledge transfer (e.g. Hellwig and Boerstra 2017, 2018) is absolutely essential. Consequently, there is still a gap between scientific research and real-world-application, which this report aims to diminish.
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Lubowa, Nasser, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317442.
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The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally.
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Mateo-Berganza Díaz, María Mercedes, JungKyu Rhys Lim, Isabel Cardenas-Navia, and Karen Elzey. A World of Transformation: Moving from Degrees to Skills-Based Alternative Credentials. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004299.
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Postsecondary education is undergoing a period of profound change. One of the most significant changes is the emergence of skills-based, non-degree, alternative credentials as both complements and alternatives to traditional degrees. Several factors have combined to favor these shorter, less expensive, and more versatile ways to gain knowledge and skills for work. The factors include the rigidity and high cost of traditional degrees; the fact that traditional institutions are failing to equip many graduates with the skills they need; and the need to rapidly upskill and reskill workers to meet the increasingly complex demands of modern economies. This report summarizes evidence suggesting a decrease in the value of degrees as a signaling mechanism in the labor market. It also identifies the benefits of alternative, non-degree credentials and makes recommendations on ways to increase their value and acceptance in the market. It remains to be seen whether non-degree alternative credentials are a short-term strategy to close the skills gaps and deal with the transition to adaptive and qualified labor, or a permanent strategy of human capital development.
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Contreras Salamanca, Luz Briyid, and Yon Garzón Ávila. Generational Lagging of Dignitaries, Main Cause of Technological Gaps in Community Leaders. Analysis of Generation X and Boomers from the Technology Acceptance Model. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4709.
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Community and neighborhood organizations are in the process of renewing the organizational culture, considering technological environments in the way of training, and advancing communally, being competitive in adaptation and learning, creating new solutions, promoting change, and altering the status quo, based on the advancement of technology over the last few years, currently applied in most organizations. The decisive factor is the ability of true leaders to appropriate the Technological Acceptance Model –TAM– principles, participating in programs and projects, adopting new technologies from the different actors involved, contributing to the welfare of each community. There is, however, a relative resistance to the use of technology as support in community management, due to the generational differences in leaders and dignitaries, according to collected reports in this study, in relation to the age range of dignitaries –Generation X and Baby Boomers predominate–. They present a challenge to digital inclusion with difficulties related to age, cognitive, sensory, difficulty in developing skills, and abilities required in Digital Technologies, necessary to face new scenarios post-pandemic and, in general, the need to use technological facilities.
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Muelaner, Jody, ed. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021027.
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Platooning has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety; however, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. Platooning will also reduce stopping distances—multiple states in the US have passed laws authorizing truck platoons to operate at shorter gaps than are authorized for normal, human-driven trucks. However, drivers typically do not currently leave the recommended gaps and, therefore, already gain much of the potential energy savings by drafting lead vehicles, albeit illegally. The automated systems associated with platooning cannot be programmed to flout safety recommendations in the way that human drivers routinely do. Therefore, actual energy savings may be minimal while safety may be greatly improved. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate a safety gain. Recommended safe gaps are currently highly generalized and must necessarily assume worst-case braking performance. Using a combination of condition monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, platooning systems will be able to account for the braking performance of other vehicles within the platoon. If all the vehicles in a platoon have a high level of braking performance, the platoon will be able to operate in a more efficient, tighter formation. Driver acceptance of platooning technology will increase as the systems become more effective and do not displace jobs. The increased loading of infrastructure must also be considered, and there may be requirements for upgrades on bridges or restrictions on platooning operation.
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Or, Etti, Tai-Ping Sun, Amnon Lichter, and Avichai Perl. Characterization and Manipulation of the Primary Components in Gibberellin Signaling in the Grape Berry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592649.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Seedless cultivars dominate the table grape industry. In these cultivars it is mandatory to apply gibberellin (GA) to stimulate berry development to a commercially acceptable size. These cultivars differ in their sensitivity to GA application, and it frequently results in adverse effects such as decreased bud fertility and increased fruit drop. Our long term goals are to (1) understand the molecular basis for the differential sensitivity and identify markers for selection of sensitive cultivars (2) to develop new strategies for targeted manipulation of the grape berry response to GA that will eliminate the need in GA application and the undesirable effects of GA on the vine, while maintaining its desirable effects on the berry. Both strategies are expected to reduce production cost and meet growing consumer demand for reduced use of chemicals. This approach relies on a comprehensive characterization of the central components in the GA signaling cascade in the berry. Several key components in the GA signaling pathway were identified in Arabidopsis and rice, including the GA receptors, GID1s, and a family of DELLA proteins that are the major negative regulators of the GA response. GA activates its response pathway by binding to GID1s, which then target DELLAs for degradation via interaction with SLY, a DELLA specific F-box protein. In grape, only one DELLA gene was characterized prior to this study, which plays a major role in inhibiting GA-promoted stem growth and GA-repressed floral induction but it does not regulate fruit growth. Therefore, we speculated that other DELLA family member(s) may control GA responses in berry, and their identification and manipulation may result in GA-independent berry growth. In the current study we isolated two additional VvDELLA family members, two VvGID1 genes and two VvSLY genes. Arabidopsis anti-AtRGA polyclonal antibodies recognized all three purified VvDELLA proteins, but its interaction with VvDELLA3 was weaker. Overexpression of the VvDELLAs, the VvGID1s, and the VvSLYs in the Arabidopsis mutants ga1-3/rga-24, gid1a-2/1c-2 and sly1-10, respectively, rescued the various mutant phenotypes. In vitro GAdependent physical interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and the VvGID1s, and GAindependent interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and VvSLYs. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 did not interact with VvGID1b. Together, the results indicate that the identified grape homologs serve as functional DELLA repressors, receptors and DELLA-interacting F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that (1) VvDELLA2 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues and was the most abundant (2) VvDELLA1 was low expressed in berries, confirming former study (3) Except in carpels and very young berries, VvDELLA3 levels were the lowest in most tissues. (4) Expression of both VvGID1s was detected in all the grape tissues, but VvGID1b transcript levels were significantly higher than VvGID1a. (5) In general, both VvDELLAs and VvGID1s transcripts levels increased as tissues aged. Unfertilized and recently fertilized carpels did not follow this trend, suggesting different regulatory mechanism of GA signaling in these stages. Characterization of the response to GA of various organs in three seedless cultivars revealed differential response of the berries and rachis. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 transcript levels in the GA-unresponsive berries of cv. Spring blush were significantly higher compared to their levels in the highly responsive berries of cv. Black finger. Assuming that VvDELLA2 and VvDELLA3 are regulating berry size, constructs carrying potential dominant mutations in each gene were created. Furthermore, constitutive silencing of these genes by mIR is underway, to reveal the effect of each gene on the berry phenotype.
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Naim, Michael, Gary R. Takeoka, Haim D. Rabinowitch, and Ron G. Buttery. Identification of Impact Aroma Compounds in Tomato: Implications to New Hybrids with Improved Acceptance through Sensory, Chemical, Breeding and Agrotechnical Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585204.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The tomato, a profitable vegetable crop in both the USA and Israel, has benefited significantly from intensive breeding efforts in both countries, and elsewhere (esp. Holland). : Modem hybrids are highly prolific and resistant to a variety of major pests. They produce attractive, firm fruit for both processing and fresh-marketing. In all cases, however, reduction in flavor and aroma have occurred concomitantly with the increase in yield. Sugars-acids ratio dominate fruit taste, whereas aroma volatiles (potent at minute ppb and ppt levels) contribute to the total characteristic tomato flavor. An increase in sugars (1-2%) contributes significantly to tomato fruit taste. However, because of energy reasons, an increase in fruit sugars is immediately compensated for by a decrease in yield. Our main objectives were to: (a) pinpoint and identify the major impact aroma components of fresh tomato; (b) study the genetic and environmental effects on fruit aroma; (c) determine precursors of appealing (flavors) and repelling (off-flavors) aroma compounds in tomato. Addition of saturated salts blocked all enzymatic activities prior to isolation of volatiles by dynamic and static headspace, using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from highly favored (FA-612 and FA-624) and less preferred (R 144 and R 175) tomato genotypes. Impact aroma components were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). The potent odorant (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, was identified for the first time in fresh tomato. From the ca. 400 volatile compounds in the headspace of fresh tomato, the following compounds are proposed to be impact aroma compounds: (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-hexenal, phenyl acetaldehyde, b-ionone, b-damascenone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone (FuraneolR), (Z)-l,5-octadien-3-one, methional, 1-octen-3-one, guaiacol, (E,E)- and (E,Z)- 2,4-decadienal and trans- and cis-4,5-EPOXY -(E)-2-decenal. This confirms the initial hypothesis that only a small number of volatiles actually contribute to the sensation of fruit aroma. Tomato matrix significantly affected the volatility of certain impact aroma components and thus led to the conclusion that direct analysis of molecules in the headspace . may best represent access of tomato volatiles to the olfactory receptors. Significant differences in certain odorants were found between preferred and less-preferred cultivars. Higher consumer preference was correlated with higher concentrations of the following odorants: l-penten-3-one, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and especially Furaneol, whereas lower consumer preference was associated with higher concentrations of methional, 3-methylbutyric acid, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-isobutylthiazole. Among environmental factors (salinity, N source, growth temperature), temperature had significant effects on the content of selected aroma compounds (e.g., 3-methylbutanal, 1- penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-isobutylthiazole, 6-methyl-5-hepten- 2-one, 1-octen-3-one, methional, 2-phenylethanal, phenyl acetaldehyde, and eugenol) in fresh tomatoes. Salt stress (20 mM NaCl) increased the content of odorants such as (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutanal in the R-144 cultivar whereas salinity had minor effects on 1-pentene-3-one, 2-isobutylthiazole and b-ionone. This fundamental knowledge obtained by comprehensive investigation, using modem chemical, sensory and agrotechnical methodology will assist future attempts to genetically modify the concentrations of key odorants in fresh tomatoes, and thus keep the tomato production of Israel and the USA competitive on the world market.