Relevant bibliographies by topics / GAP (Chile)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'GAP (Chile)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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LEWIS, PAUL H. "The ‘Gender Gap’ in Chile." Journal of Latin American Studies 36, no. 4 (2004): 719–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x04008144.

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Men and women in Chile register and vote at separate polling booths. Election results are also tabulated separately for each sex by the Ministry of Interior, down to commune level. A survey of national elections from 1952 to 1970 shows that women and men have different voting preferences. Moreover, results from the four congressional elections held since democracy was restored in 1989 demonstrate that those preferences persist to the present. By focusing on elections in the capital city of Santiago, which is divided into 52 communes (barrios) whose residents differ in their economic and educational levels, it is possible to see to what extent class and gender affect voting preferences. On the basis of an analysis of this data, this article concludes that women are consistently more likely than men to vote for conservative parties, and that this is true in every social class. Support for the left does rise among both sexes in the lower middle class, proletarian and peasant communes – but less among women than among men. The ‘gender gap’ is not usually very large (although it increases at both ends of the political spectrum), but it is persistent.
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Bharadwaj, Prashant, Giacomo De Giorgi, David Hansen, and Christopher A. Neilson. "The Gender Gap in Mathematics: Evidence from Chile." Economic Development and Cultural Change 65, no. 1 (2016): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/687983.

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Macilwain, Colin. "Chile tries to bridge gap in scientific standards." Nature 398, S6726 (1999): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/18766.

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Bordón, Paola, Catalina Canals, and Alejandra Mizala. "The gender gap in college major choice in Chile." Economics of Education Review 77 (August 2020): 102011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102011.

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McEwan, Patrick J. "The Indigenous Test Score Gap in Bolivia and Chile." Economic Development and Cultural Change 53, no. 1 (2004): 157–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/423257.

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Didier, Nicolás. "Does credentialism affect the gender wage gap? Evidence from Chile." Latin American Policy 12, no. 1 (2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12209.

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Sánchez, Rafael, Javier Finot, and Mauricio G. Villena. "Gender wage gap and firm market power: evidence from Chile." Applied Economics 54, no. 18 (2021): 2109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1985070.

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Sánchez, Rafael, Javier Finot, and Mauricio G. Villena. "Gender wage gap and firm market power: evidence from Chile." Applied Economics 54, no. 18 (2021): 2109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1985070.

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Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, Damian Clarke, Roberto Araya-Valenzuela, and Juan Navarrete-Montalvo. "Adult Female Height and the Gender Gap in Chile, 1860s–1990s." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 53, no. 2 (2022): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01835.

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Abstract Analysis of a sample of around 4,600 women born between the 1860s and the 1990s finds that the height of adult females increased by about 5 cm, primarily from the 1860s to the 1880s and during the second half of the twentieth century—representing the greatest known improvement in women’s biological welfare in Chilean history. Chilean women have never been as tall as they are today. The secular height increase was higher for men than for women, but only slightly. The increasing sexual dimorphism in stature since the 1920s (achieving its highest value ever during the 1990s) suggests that male stature is more sensitive than female stature to changes in environmental conditions. Adult female heights also correlate with positive gradients in literacy and occupational status, and negative height differentials are in evidence between the native (Mapuche) population and the population with European ancestry.
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Wellenius, Björn. "Closing the gap in access to rural communication: Chile 1995‐2002." info 4, no. 3 (2002): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690210439998.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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Lira, G. Jorge. "Mind the gap : Irrevocable wage differentials in Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149685.

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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE Magíster en Análisis Económico<br>Using a longitudinal database that follows individuals from their last years of schooling to their first years at labor market we apply a decomposition methodology in order to understand the wage differentials among school types in Chile. With micro-simulations exercises we can isolate the impact on wages of changes in the academic achievements of individuals and changes in their associated returns in labor market. Our results show that even when adding one extra standard deviation to the test score achieved by the most vulnerable individuals at high school, there is a considerable difference in the endowments returns between groups that makes almost impossible to close the existent wage gap between them at labor market. In this way, as long as the prices of the academic achievement in the labor market remain constant, no public policy or major investment e orts will succeed in eliminating the wage differentials between school types.
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Jimenez, Arturo Gonzalo. "Minding the corporate governing gap : the institutional construction of corporate governance in Chile." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3019872/.

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Against a backdrop of substantial institutional change in Chile over the last 40 years, this research assesses the challenges faced by the main actors in the corporate governance arena. Chile has embarked on a unique experiment, since it became the first country in the world to elect a Marxist president in 1970, which led to a deep national institutional crisis. The chaotic situation was ended with the military coup d ́état in September 1973. The Military Regime soon began applying shock treatment, opening a closed and protected economy and, despite some deep crises along the way, achieved an impressive growth rate, which made Chile a success story. Pinochet’s authoritarian government kept a tight political grip and repressed its opponents. However, after losing a key plebiscite it peacefully handed over power to a democratic government in 1990, so ending 17 years of rule. The following five democratic governments maintained the economic model and over 20 years led the country to sustained economic and social progress. This has positioned Chile as a role model for emerging markets around the world aspiring to reach development and its experience in public and institutional policy are widely studied. However, paradoxically since 2010 Chile has experienced an explosion of corporate scandals and ensuing social rights rebellions, which have been challenging the model, questioning the national institutions. Public trust has fallen to historically-low levels. Unsurprisingly, these events have systematically confronted the corporate elite’s governing practices. Qualified observers, such as MIT professor Ben Ross Schneider, report that these elites have played a key role in the progress of Chile, but, by the same token, are likely also an obstacle to achieving the goal of becoming a fully developed country (Guzmán, 2016). Therefore, a process of Action Research was adopted to gain access to the elite’s inner worlds, questioning their perceptions, beliefs and understandings, and encouraging them to explore options and imagine new ways and solutions to throw light on the key levers that determine the Chilean governance system - with the added benefit – should they accept the conclusions and challenged posed by this research, that these actors are well placed to make change happen in their arenas of professional practice. Consistent with this setting, this research looks to explore the evolution of governing in Chile, as viewed by members of the governance elite. It does so through Institutional Theory lens, using inductive qualitative methods derived from Grounded Theory. The research finds that the concept of corporate governing has adapted to three successive institutional logics during the research period. Through a time-line, I show how each institutional logic has superseded the previous one, but without nullifying them – so adding increasing layers of complexity. This investigation allows us then to identify and delve into these sources of institutional change and associate them with path-dependent transformations at the societal level. Finally, this research helps crystalize the new corporate governing imperatives and extract managerial and theoretical lessons, so contributing to both professional practice and academia. The main contribution can be synthesized as the proposition that corporate governance is not just a matter of business, but a social construct in development, which implies a continual process of minding the corporate governing gaps derived from a country’s changing institutional logics.
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Maturana, Godoy Iván Ignacio. "Part-time and full-time work in Chile : wage gap estimation 1990 - 2006." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144685.

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SEMINARIO DE TÍTULO para optar al título de INGENIERO COMERCIAL MENCIÓN ECONOMÍA<br>En este estudio, se realiza un an´alisis de la brecha salarial para el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2006, utilizando la metodolog´ıa de Oaxaca-Blinder. Con este prop´osito se realizaron dos brechas salariales: la diferencia salarial entre hombres y mujeres, tanto para la jornada a tiempo parcial como para tiempo completo, y la diferencia salarial entre trabajadores de jornada parcial y jornada completa, tanto para hombres como para mujeres. La importancia de esto es que as´ı se puede apreciar cuanto de la brecha observada es atribuible a discriminaci´on salarial. Tambi´en, utilizando el m´etodo de vecino m´as cercano de matching se analizo el efecto de cambiarse desde un trabajo de jornada completa a un trabajo de jornada parcial. Para estos prop´ositos se utiliz´o la encuesta CASEN, y el panel CASEN. Se encontr´o que al descomponer las brechas salariales, la discriminaci´on salarial ha ido en disminuci´on, aunque queda mucho trabajo por hacer si se compara con pa´ıses industrializados (especialmente pa´ıses escandinavos). Del matching, se obtuvo que existe un premio al salario al pasar de trabajar jornada completa en 2001 a jornada parcial en el 2006. Para el mismo cambio entre los a˜nos 1996 y 2001, sin embargo, se encontr´o que los estimadores no eran estad´ısticamente significativos.
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Ivanescu, Yvonne. "Bridging the Gap: Feminist Movements and their Efforts to Advance Abortion Rights in Chile." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26270.

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Chile allowed therapeutic abortion (cases in which the mother’s life was in danger) from 1931 until 1989, the last year of the Pinochet military dictatorship. After Pinochet stepped down, Chile underwent a democratic transition in 1990 that was heavily reliant on a moral fundamentalist mentality, primarily influenced by the Catholic Church and conservative political parties. It has been widely argued that after the democratic transition, the previously strong and united women’s movement lost much of its visibility and cohesiveness due to its progressive fragmentation. This thesis holds that the women’s movement in Chile is not dead, but instead there are numerous small movements that apply different methods in an attempt to change abortion legislation in Chile. Through the dissemination of secondary research and first-person interviews conducted over a period of six months in Chile, the results show that Chilean third-wave feminists have re-shaped the women’s movement in an effort to introduce innovative ideas and tactics to advance abortion rights. Nonetheless, these new voices have also created tensions between new and old feminists further dividing the movement and limiting their ability to effect real change in regards to the abortion debate in Chile.
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Radovic, Sendra Darinka. "Girls and school mathematics in Chile : social influences in differential attainment and mathematical identities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/girls-and-school-mathematics-in-chile-social-influences-in-differential-attainment-and-mathematical-identities(e7394296-7994-40b2-b37c-d3d0a85198a0).html.

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Girls' relationship with mathematics has been an extensive and contested area of investigation during the last 40 years, mainly in developed countries. This contrasts with the small amount of research from developing countries, where the topic has been largely neglected but may present different challenges. In Chile, such lack of empirical evidence is surprising, particularly because of several national reports describing attainment differences in the national assessment test (SIMCE), where girls are consistently outperformed by boys. Currently, there are no studies which systematically explore gender differences in attainment in Chile. In addition, only a small number of studies have tried to explain why these differences, as well as others in engagement, attitudes and enrolment in mathematics, arise in this country. The main goal of this thesis is to critically examine these issues by investigating how girls relate to mathematics during early adolescence in Chile, and how such relationships are influenced/mediated by certain social variables (e.g. social class, classroom cultures and peer group identities).In order to do this, this thesis has adopted a mixed methods approach, thus linking analysis and results from studies that use both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Firstly, I investigate the size and distribution of the gender attainment gap in Mathematics in Chile using a Multilevel approach to analyse data from the national census of educational quality (SIMCE). Here, I analyse the naturalization of gender differences based on results, and conclude that differences found in attainment between boys and girls are small and dependent on socioeconomic status. I then explore how girls' subjective relationships with mathematics are constructed, and how different social influences mediate this process. Using the concept of Mathematical Identities [MIs] as a main tool I explore the influence of social variables on the construction of girls' MIs in Chilean classrooms and I also consider how teaching practices and peer social relations in the classroom mediate these identities. A key finding here is the positive relationship between students' perceptions of their teaching as student-centred and more positive MI, which is in fact the same for girls and boys. A second key finding is that both representational and enacted aspects of girls' MI are mediated by their relationship with peers and peer groups. This mediation process can be described as a negotiation of different forms of belonging to social groups, which involved also the negotiation of different MIs inside the classroom. The main conclusion of this thesis is that in order to understand the role of gender in mediating girls' relationships with mathematics, we need to acknowledge the profoundly situated nature of this relationship in the cultural practices of the classroom, including mathematical practices, but also peer group practices. This argues against discourses that essentialise and naturalize 'gendered relationships with mathematics' which appear to be pre-dominant in the collation of national assessment data (like SIMCE) where categories such as gender, class, ethnicity etc. are viewed as causal or explanatory rather than produced 'in practice'.
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Vargas, Gaete Rodrigo Ignacio [Verfasser], and Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Reif. "Endemic forest of Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile : : gap vegetation, tree regeneration and competition of invasive species, baseline for restoration = Der Endemitenwald auf der Robinson Crusoe Insel, Chile : Untersuchung von Lückenvegetation, Baumverjüngung und Konkurrenz durch invasive Arten als Grundlage für Restauration." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1123475369/34.

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Hoffmann, Felix [Verfasser]. "Characterization of the subduction zone seismic cycle of the Northern Chile-Southern Peru seismic gap region: analysing and modelling GPS and InSAR data of the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique-Pisagua earthquake / Felix Hoffmann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206589205/34.

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Midgley, Nick. "Child psychotherapy and research : bridging the gap." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/64306/.

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Many authors have commented on the perceived gap between psychotherapy research and clinical practice, but with the rise of 'evidence-based practice' over the past decade, this gap has become more problematic. Whilst funders of services increasingly emphasise the importance of practice being informed by the best available research evidence, clinicians have become concerned with the way in which clinical and service-level decisions are based on an overly narrow definition of 'evidence'. Psychodynamic therapists have been especially cautious about 'evidence-based practice', arguing that the methodologies used are not appropriate for this type of therapy. Clinicians working with children have also been concerned that there is limited funding available to evaluate therapy with young people, and that the approaches used are often transposed from studies with adults, without attention to whether they are developmentally appropriate. This PhD by Published Works brings together a series of papers published between 2003 and 2014, which engage with these topics. They address issues of methodology and policy, as well as providing examples of attempts to 'bridge the gap' using both primary research and secondary reviews of the existing literature. The papers are mostly presented in chronological order, and have been organised into three sections. Part one, 'Incorporating qualitative research methods into child psychotherapy', includes three papers that deal conceptually and practically with the issue of identifying appropriate research methods for investigating child psychotherapy. The papers in part two, 'The case study as a method of research in child psychotherapy', examine the traditional method of investigating child psychotherapy, and explore the pros and cons of this approach. The final section, 'Engaging with the evidence-base for psychoanalytic child psychotherapy’, offers an approach to evaluation that draws on a range of methodologies, and thereby engages with evidence-based practice whilst also offering a critique of current approaches.
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Samuelsson, Jonas. "Partner age gap and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-186304.

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This thesis explores the association between the age gap between parents and health outcomes for children in Sub-Saharan Africa. An average man-older age gap between partners has been observed all over the world and is the largest in many Sub-Saharan African countries. A large age gap is common in patriarchal societies and has been associated with less female autonomy and impeded decision-making for the couple, resulting in less contraceptive use and a possible higher risk of interpersonal violence. This thesis examines another association with age gaps by focusing on the health outcomes for children in families with large and small age gaps between the mother and her partner. It is hypothesized that children will have worse health outcomes in families where the age gap between the mother’s partner and the mother herself is larger than average. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), multilevel logistic regression is run to test the association between three health indicators while controlling for confounding variables such as mother’s age, education level and wealth. The health indicators are treatment of fevers, vaccination against measles and underweight. The results show some statistically significant associations, with all three variables supporting the hypothesis that children in age heterogamous families are doing worse. Children of couples with a larger than average age gap have lower likelihood of being treated for fever or cough, and a higher likelihood of being underweight, and children of couples with a smaller than average age gap have a higher likelihood of having received the first measles vaccination. The results show that the age gap between parents is a factor to take into consideration when studying child health and family structures in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Rowley, Rochelle Wright David W. "No "white" child left behind The academic achievement gap between blacks and whites /." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/1169.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology.<br>"May 2007." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 29, 2007). Thesis adviser: David W. Wright. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 34-39).
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Books on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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Zamora, Patricio Quiroga. Compañeros: El GAP, la escolta de Allende. Aguilar, 2001.

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Bank, World, ed. Closing the gap in access to rural communications: Chile 1995-2002. World Bank, 2002.

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Manríquez, Ignacio Vidaurrázaga. Martes once la primera resistencia. LOM Ediciones, 2013.

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García, Raúl E. Integración gasífera entre Argentina y Chile. Centro de Económia Internacional, 1990.

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M, Pierce David. Elf child. Southern Tier Editions, Harrington Park Press, 2003.

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Whitney, Rondalyn Varney. Bridging the Gap. Penguin Group USA, Inc., 2009.

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The child. Arsenal Pulp Press, 2008.

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Berk, Hulda G. Early childhood education: An introduction bridging the gap. Prometheus Books, 1988.

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Peñaloza, Francisco Javier Díaz. GAL: Guías de arquitectura latinoamericana : Santiago de Chile. Edited by González Montaner Berto editor. Arq Clarín, 2008.

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Cossins, Anne. Closing the Justice Gap for Adult and Child Sexual Assault. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-32051-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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Tricot, Victor. "Please Mind the Gap: Autonomization and Street Politics." In The Social Outburst and Political Representation in Chile. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70320-2_5.

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Korrat, I., and R. Madariaga. "Rupture of the Valparaiso (Chile) Gap from 1971 to 1985." In Earthquake Source Mechanics. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm037p0247.

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Ferráns, Silvia Diazgranados, and Andrés Sandoval-Hernández. "The Civic Competence Gaps in Chile, Colombia and Mexico and the Factors that Account for the Civic Knowledge Gap." In Civics and Citizenship. SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-068-4_8.

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campos, Nora Reyes. "Women’s Wages and the Gender Gap during the Period of Import Substituting Industrialization in chile." In Gender Inequalities and Development in Latin America During the Twentieth Century. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315584041-5.

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García-Holgado, Alicia, and Francisco José García-Peñalvo. "A Model for Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM in Higher Education Institutions." In Women in STEM in Higher Education. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1552-9_1.

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Abstract Women present a historic and worrying gap in science and technology-related disciplines, generally knowns as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), except in the case of health professions. A holistic approach is needed to support policymakers worldwide in bridging the gender gap in STEM, in which higher education institutions have a crucial role. Promoting this active implication of the universities in this problem, in the European project Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM (W-STEM), a model to modernise the government, management and operation of higher education institutions in Latin America to improve attraction, access to and retention of women in STEM programs has been developed. This situation is not exclusive to Latin American countries, it is a global problem, so the results of the W-STEM project are also applicable to European partners and transferrable worldwide. The main goal of this chapter is to describe the W-STEM model based on three years of working on strategies and mechanisms to improve the attraction, access, guidance, and retention processes to engage more women in STEM programs. The model has been thoroughly tested in eleven institutions in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico, involving public and private institutions with different gender equality situations.
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Campbell, C. J. "Chile." In Campbell's Atlas of Oil and Gas Depletion. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3576-1_51.

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Sharan, Pratap, and Saurabh Kumar. "Bridging the Mental Health Gap in India: Issues and Perspectives." In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3619-1_25.

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Mishra, Ankita, and Sefa Awaworyi Churchill. "Fertility Gap and Child Nutrition: Evidence from India." In Moving from the Millennium to the Sustainable Development Goals. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1556-9_5.

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McKown, Clark, and Michael J. Strambler. "Social Influences on the Ethnic Achievement Gap." In Handbook of Race, Racism, and the Developing Child. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118269930.ch15.

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Jones, Theresa. "Risk and Recognition: The Traditional Midwives Who Filled the Gap in the Time of Ebola." In Global Maternal and Child Health. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97637-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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Del Prete, Annachiara, and Julio Cabero Almenara. "DIGITAL GENDER GAP BETWEEN TEACHERS: A STUDY AT INACAP (CHILE)." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.0182.

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Vásquez, Claudia. "Statistical and Probabilistic Education in Primary Education in Chile: Where Do We Want to Go?" In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t2g2.

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This study analyzes how the Chilean curriculum of primary education (6-14 years) approaches the teaching of statistics and probability, in terms of the sense proposed, as well as in the fundamental statistical ideas promoted. For this purpose, a theoretical and qualitative analysis was performed, focusing on content analysis. The results indicate that the ideas of data, data representation, distribution, variation, probability, sampling and inference, and association and correlation stand out from greater to lesser emphasis. It should be noted that these ideas are approached with different levels of depth according to the ages of the students and as progress is made in the different courses that make up the Primary Education. Este estudio analiza cómo el currículo chileno de Educación Primaria (6-14 años) aborda la enseñanza de la estadística y la probabilidad, en términos del sentido que se propone, así como en las ideas estadísticas fundamentales que se promueven. Para ello, se realizó un análisis teórico y cualitativo, centrado en el análisis de contenido. Los resultados nos indican que destacan de mayor a menor énfasis las ideas de datos, representación de datos, distribución, variación, probabilidad, muestreo e inferencia y asociación y correlación. Cabe señalar, que estas ideas se abordan con distintos niveles de profundidad acorde a las edades de los estudiantes y a medida que se avanza en los distintos cursos que conforman la Educación Primaria.
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Perez Mejias, Paulina. "A Multigroup Latent Growth Model of the Gender Gap in Math Achievement: Evidence From Chile." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1433408.

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Sánchez Acevedo, Nicolás, and Blanca Ruiz Hernández. "Use of Curriculum Documents in the Context of the Teaching of Statistics in Secondary School." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t3h3.

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This paper investigates the way in which two mathematics teachers who teach statistics in 7th and 8th grade in Chile use and interpret curricular documents in the design and implementation of lessons. Using semi-structured interviews, teachers' answers were obtained and analyzed through the framework of guidelines for the use of curriculum documents. The preliminary results show that the two professors give account of different approaches in the use and interpretation they make of the curricular documents. One of them shows a more associated approach to the way in which the objectives and activities are presented and the other teacher, uses the curricular documents as a basis to orient the teaching, but with a more adaptive approach. Este trabajo indaga la forma en cómo dos profesores de Matemática que enseñan estadística en 7° y 8° básico en Chile, usan e interpretan documentos curriculares en el diseño implementación de lecciones. Haciendo uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas se obtuvieron las respuestas de profesores docente que se analizaron a través del marco de para uso de documentos curriculares. Los resultados preliminares muestran que los dos profesores dan cuenta de enfoques diferentes en el uso e interpretación que hacen de los documentos curriculares. Uno de ellos muestra un enfoque más asociado a la forma en cómo son presentados los objetivos y actividades y el otro profesor, usa los documentos curriculares como base para orientar la enseñanza, pero con un enfoque más adaptativo.
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Diaz-Rojas, Daniela, Jorge Soto-Andrade, and Amaranta Valdés-Zorrilla. "Probabilistic Thinking Versus Statistical Thinking." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t6b3.

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We discuss the similarities and differences between probabilistic and statistical thinking, arguing in favour of metaphorising them as arrows pointing in opposite directions. We base our argument and discussion on concrete examples, drawn from our teaching experience to a broad spectrum of learners at the University of Chile and inspired by Brousseau’s fundamental adidactic situation for inferential statistics in primary school, and our own fundamental adidactic situations for probability. Learners involved include first year humanistic university students, prospective math teachers, and in-service primary school teachers and their students.
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Rivera Vidal, Amanda, and Carmen Gomez Maestro. "Heritage and community centre in Matta Sur, Chile." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14527.

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The Matta Sur neighbourhood in Santiago acquired official protection for its heritage value in 2016. It is the largest protected area in the city and one of the few in which vernacular architecture, local lifestyles and community networks withstand the city's rapid urban development. It has a regular urban structure of wide streets framed by continuous facades, which predominantly belong to one-storey homes, organised around a central courtyard. They are built combining burnt or raw masonry and wood and earth traditional building systems, which are now discontinued and often misunderstood, leading to poor interventions which deteriorate the quality of buildings and liveable spaces. The Heritage and Community Centre Project attends the need for comprehensive interventions to approach appropriate conservation of Matta Sur under these circumstances. This project aims, on one hand, to provide a suitable community space within the neighbourhood and, on the other, to set an example for appropriate intervention, management and maintenance of the vernacular constructions in the neighbourhood. All of the process is developed through community-based design and intervention, attending to the role of community organisations in Chile, which have been traditionally responsible for filling the gap between public policies and community wellbeing, particularly in urban contexts, through strong solidarity networks. Through a process of co-design and co-management, the project aims to refurbish a traditional house of the neighbourhood into a community centre in which various community initiatives converge and which allows for these solidarity networks to keep functioning in a contemporary context.
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Steagall, Marcos, and Michele Wilkomirsky. "Co-evaluating emergency signage in coastal communities in Chile and Aotearoa: a case study." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.77.

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Changes have significantly impacted the Design profession and disciplines during the last two decades, propelled by wicked problems confronting our societies. Climate change, loss of biodiversity, depletion of natural resources and the widening gap between rich and poor are just a few of the complex problems that require new approaches to problem-solving. In this uncertainty scenario, there is an increasing recognition that design, and designers can contribute to practical solutions. Many of these challenges are located outside the context of the business and consumer marketplace, and they require approaches that draw on multiple design specialisms and diverse worldviews. New design areas have been emerging to respond to this complexity, including Design for Social Innovation, Integrated Design and Transition Design (Irwin, 2015). This project heralds to contribute to discourses on how Design Practices can engage and contribute to problems in the field of emergencies, focused on understanding the issues and needs of coastal communities in Chile and Aotearoa, New Zealand. It is structured around an international collaboration between researchers and students from both countries. Generally, in the field of information design, the end-user, the ordinary citizen, is subjected to tests and testing in the final stages of design. We think that co-design methodologies seek to integrate future users early, considering them experts in the knowledge of their physical and social territory, such as a neighbourhood (Wilkomirsky, 2019). According to Petersen, Buscher, Kuhnert, Schneider and Pottebaum (2015), co-design methods are “particularly valuable for eliciting ethical, legal, and social issues that would otherwise go unconsidered” (p.1). But by starting with visual systems already designed we thought that co-evaluation is a necessary first step that would allow us to grasp design judgment elements, among others: legibility, understanding of the message, clarity, and cross this information with the experience of the territory and its people for co-design improvements to what was projected in an abstract scale. Cockbill, May, and Mitchell, V. (2019) define co-design as “the act of designers, end-users, and other actors combining their views, skills, and perspectives at various stages of the design process in ways that influence the outcome” (p.568). In this first phase of this project, we compared visual information for evacuation routes including the administrative structure of the information and the visual display in different platforms in two cities: Whitianga and Puerto Montt, selected due the students local knowledge considering them also as users. Through these methodologies, we would integrate users from an initial stage and co-evaluate the status of the information design in the evacuation routes determined by local authorities, taking the problem designed from a macro scale to a detailed scale, making it possible for specific needs to appear. Due the pandemic, we were able to compare both systems, and design some visual improvements for a signage system that may be tested and evaluated on a second phase with both communities.
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Packham, Christy. "60 Mind the age gap." In GOSH Conference 2019, Care of the Complex Child. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-gosh.60.

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Koh, W. S., L. K. Ang, L. Sun, and X. Hua. "Multi-dimensional child-langmuir law for a crossed-field gap." In The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, 2006. ICOPS 2006. IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2006.1706985.

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Lerza, Alejandro, Sergio Cuervo, and Sahil Malhotra. "Closing the Gap in Characterizing the Parent Child Effect for Unconventional Reservoirs - A Case of Study in Vaca Muerta Shale Formation." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206001-ms.

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Abstract In Shale and Tight, the term "Parent-Child effect" refers to the impact the depleted area and corresponding stress changes originated by the production of a previously drilled well, the "parent", has over the generated hydraulic fracture geometry, conforming initial drainage area and consequent production performance of a new neighbor well, called "child". Such effect might be considered analogous to the no flow boundary created when the drainage areas of two wells meet at a certain distance from them in conventional reservoirs; but, unconventional developments exhibit higher exposure to a more impactful version of this phenomena, given their characteristic tighter well spacing and the effect pressure depletion of the nearby area by the neighbor well has over the child well's hydraulic fracture development. Due to the importance the Parent-Child effect has for unconventional developments, this study aims first to generally characterize this effect and then quantify its expected specific project impact based on real field data from the Vaca Muerta formation. To do so, we developed a methodology where fracture and reservoir simulation were applied for calibrating a base model using field observed data such as microseismic, tracers, daily production data and well head pressure measurements. The calibrated model was then coupled with a geomechanical reservoir simulator and used to predict pressure and stress tensor profiles across different depletion times. On these different resulting scenarios, child wells were hydraulically fractured with varying well spacing and completion designs. Finally, the Expected Ultimate Recovery (EUR) impact versus well spacing and the parent´s production time were built for different child´s completion design alternatives, analyzed and contrasted against previously field observed data. Results obtained from the characterization work suggests the parent child effect is generated by a combination of initial drainage area changes and stress magnitude and direction changes, which are both dependent of the pressure depletion from the parent well. Furthermore, the results show how the well spacing and parent's production timing, as well as parent's and child's completion design, significantly affect the magnitude of the expected parent child effect impact over the child's EUR.
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Reports on the topic "GAP (Chile)"

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Bertoni, Eleonora, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, Matias Martínez, Humberto Santos, and Sammara Soares. Is School Funding Unequal in Latin America?: A Cross-country Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002854.

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Public spending on education has increased significantly in Latin America over the last decades. However, less is known whether increased spending has been translated into a more equitable distribution of resources within countries in the region. This study addresses this gap by measuring the inequality in per-pupil spending between regions with different levels of socioeconomic status (SES) within five Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Results show that Brazil, a federal country, has the widest socioeconomic funding gap due to large inequalities in local revenues between high and low SES regions. However, the country's funding gap has narrowed over time. School funding in Colombia has become more regressive over time, but its gap is half the size of the one in Brazil. The distribution of school funding in Peru has changed over time from being regressive-benefiting the richest regions-to being progressive-benefiting the poorest regions. Education spending in Chile and in Ecuador are, on the other hand, consistently progressive. However, while the progressiveness of funding in Ecuador is driven by transfers targeted at disadvantaged rural areas, the funding formulas in Chile addresses socioeconomic inequalities beyond the rural-urban gap.
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Ravillard, Pauline, J. Enrique Chueca, Mariana Weiss, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. Implications of the Energy Transition on Employment: Today’s Results, Tomorrow’s Needs. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003765.

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As countries progress in their energy transitions, new investments have the potential to create employment. This is crucial, as countries enter their post-pandemic recovery phase. An opportunity also arises to close the gender gap in the energy sector. However, how much will need to be invested, how many jobs will be created, and for whom, remain empirical questions. Little is also known about the needs of each country and their sectors in terms of future skills and training. The present work sheds light on these questions by carrying out a harmonized firm-level survey on employment in Chile, Uruguay, and Bolivia. Findings are manifold. First, firms in emerging sectors such as energy efficiency, electric mobility, battery, storage, hydrogen, and demand management, create more direct jobs than generation firms, including renewables. Second, these firms also have the potential to create employment that is local, permanent, and direct. Finally, they can contribute to closing the gender gap. However, this employment creation will not come on its own and will not be equal between countries. It will require improving the workforces qualifications and considering each countrys labor market and market structures specificities.
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Glewwe, Paul, Zoe James, Jongwook Lee, Caine Rolleston, and Khoa Vu. What Explains Vietnam’s Exceptional Performance in Education Relative to Other Countries? Analysis of the Young Lives Data from Ethiopia, Peru, India and Vietnam. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/078.

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Vietnam’s strong performance on the 2012 and 2015 PISA assessments has led to interest in what explains the strong academic performance of Vietnamese students. Analysis of the PISA data has not shed much light on this issue. This paper analyses a much richer data set, the Young Lives data for Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Vietnam, to investigate the reasons for the strong academic performance of 15-year-olds in Vietnam. Differences in observed child and household characteristics explain 37-39% of the gap between Vietnam and Ethiopia, while observed school variables explain only about 3-4 additional percentage points (although an important variable, math teachers’ pedagogical skills, is not available for Ethiopia). Differences in observed child and household characteristics explain very little of the gaps between Vietnam and India and between Vietnam and Peru, yet one observed school variable has a large explanatory effect: primary school math teachers’ pedagogical skills. It explains about 10-12% of the gap between Vietnam and India, raising the overall explained portion to 14-21% of the gap. For Peru, it explains most (65-84%) of the gap.
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Arias, Karla, David López, Segundo Camino-Mogro, et al. Green Transition and Gender Bias: An Analysis of Renewable Energy Generation Companies in Latin America. Edited by Amanda Beaujon Marin. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004461.

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This study analyzes how the energy transition might change gender bias in power-generating industries. To this end, this paper employs a sample of 102 renewable energy generation companies from six countries in Latin America and the Caribbean: Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico, and Uruguay. The analysis of collected data shows that renewable generation companies with the highest relative efficiency in the labor-capital ratio are those with the highest participation of women. In addition, the results show that renewable companies are incrementing recruitment of women in energy generation. Nevertheless, in the analyzed sample, the participation of women in renewables is still lower than the sectorial average. Moreover, there is no structural change with respect to roles that women occupy, when comparing renewables companies with others generation companies. Considering the companies size, bigger renewables companies (with higher installed generation capacity) tend to hire more women, but those women occupy mostly non-technical positions. In addition, women's participation decreases in positions requiring more technical occupations. Women represent 36% of STEM1 employees, 39% of non-STEM employees, and 48% of non-qualified employees of the renewable generation companies surveyed. Concerning the role of women in decision making roles within energy companies, wide gender gaps exist in executive and management positions; the proportion of females in the boardroom and in management roles for renewables generation companies was 24% and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, 68% of surveyed companies did not have a gender policy in place. This study confirms that a change in technology alone does not generate qualitative changes in the labor market from a gender perspective. Such changes would be achieved by complementing technological change with inclusion policies, encouraging women to study careers related to science and technology to fill the shortage of female professionals in these areas, and closing the knowledge gap through systematic data collection and sharing about gender in the energy workforce.
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Viollaz, Mariana, Mauricio Salazar-Saenz, Luca Flabbi, Monserrat Bustelo, and Mariano Bosch. The COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean countries: The Labor Supply Impact by Gender. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004490.

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We study the labor supply impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by gender in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries: Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. To identify the impact, we compare labor market stocks and labor market flows over four quarters for a set of balanced panel samples of comparable workers before and after the pandemic. We find that the pandemic has negatively affected the labor market status of both men and women, but that the effect is significantly stronger for women, magnifying the already large gender gaps that characterize LAC countries. The main channel through which this stronger impact is taking place is the increase in child care work affecting women with school-age children.
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, Ana Rios, and Cicero De Lima. Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Application of the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003794.

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In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect agricultural and non-agricultural production: (i) agricultural yields; (ii) labor productivity in agriculture, and; (iii) economy-wide labor productivity. We implement the analysis using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Model (IEEM) and databases for 20 LAC available through the OPEN IEEM Platform. Our analysis identifies those countries most affected according to key indicators including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international commerce, sectoral output, poverty, and emissions. Most countries experience negative impacts on GDP, with the exception of the major soybean producing countries, namely, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. We find that CC-induced crop productivity and labor productivity changes affect countries differently. The combined impact, however, indicates that Belize, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Paraguay would fare the worst. Early identification of these hardest hit countries can enable policy makers pre-empting these effects and beginning the design of adaptation strategies early on. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, only Argentina, Chile and Uruguay would experience small increases in emissions.
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Ndhlovu, Lewis. Quality of care and utilisation of MCH and FP services at Kenyan health facilities. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1017.

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Quality of services is playing an increasingly important role in many family planning (FP) programs. In 1995, a national Situation Analysis Study of 254 health facilities was conducted in Kenya to assess the status and quality of FP services in the country. An in-depth survey of a subsample of 28 health facilities was conducted the following year. From these facilities, 1,834 women were interviewed about their experiences with services at facilities when they sought antenatal, child health, and FP services. The goal of the survey was to examine the links between quality of care in FP services and contraceptive behavior. A key focus was directed at information and counseling as elements of service quality. Further, the subject of quality was explored in the context of how women switched facilities for the same and different services of antenatal care, child health, and FP. As noted in this report, this study highlights the gap that exists in the provision of quality reproductive health services. Despite the call for client-centered services, there is evidence that a wide gap still remains in providing relevant information to clients.
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Portela, Anayda, Jennifer Stevenson, Rachael Hinton, Marianne Emler, Stella Tsoli, and Birte Snilstveit. Social, behavioural and community engagement interventions for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health: An evidence gap map. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/egm0011.

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Portela, Anayda, Jennifer Stevenson, Rachael Hinton, Marianne Emler, Stella Tsoli, and Birte Snilstveit. Social, behavioural and community engagement interventions for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health: an evidence gap map. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/egm011.

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Canon, Maria E., and Florencia Lopez Boo. Reversal of Gender Gaps in Child Development: Evidence from Young Children in India. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2014.011.

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