Journal articles: 'Gap ratio'

1

Arnold, Fred, Shea Rutstein, W. H. James, and Charles E. Boklage. "Sex ratio unaffected by parental age gap." Nature 390, no. 6657 (November 1997): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36762.

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Manning, J. T., R. H. Anderton, and M. Shutt. "Parental age gap skews child sex ratio." Nature 389, no. 6649 (September 1997): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/38647.

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Combescot, R., and G. Varelogiannis. "The gap over critical temperature ratio in Eliashberg theory." Solid State Communications 93, no. 2 (January 1995): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(94)00726-8.

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Song, Fei-Long, Sen-Yun Tseng, Sun-Wen Hsu, and Cheng-Hsiung Kuo. "Gap ratio effect on flow characteristics behind side-by-side cylinders of diameter ratio two." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 66 (September 2015): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.04.001.

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Bishnu, Arijit, Sameer Desai, Arijit Ghosh, Mayank Goswami, and Subhabrata Paul. "Uniformity of Point Samples in Metric Spaces Using Gap Ratio." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 31, no. 3 (January 2017): 2138–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/15m1051300.

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Nair, N. Unnikrishnan, K. R. Muraleedharan Nair, and Haritha N. Haridas. "Some Properties of Income Gap Ratio and Truncated GINI Coefficient." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 60, no. 3-4 (September 2008): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068320080310.

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HAKKO, HELINÄ, PIRKKO RÄSÄNEN, MARJO-RIITFA JÄRVELIN, and JARI TLLHONIEN. "Parental age gap and child sex ratio—Fact or fiction?" International Journal of Epidemiology 27, no. 5 (1998): 929–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.5.929.

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Liu, Huan Bin. "Properties of the Estimators for Additive-Accelerated Hazard Ratio Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.175.

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Recurrent events gap time is the time difference between two adjacent failures of recurrent events. In this paper, an additive-accelerated hazard ratio model is presented for multiple type recurrent events gap time data, and the estimation methods of unknown parameter and non-parameter function is given. Moreover, the asymptotic properties of estimators are proved.

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Zhou, Rong, Chun Chen, Liqun Sun, Francis Lau, Sheung-Hung Poon, and Yong Zhang. "Online Uniformly Inserting Points on the Sphere." Algorithms 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11100156.

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Uniformly inserting points on the sphere has been found useful in many scientific and engineering fields. Different from the offline version where the number of points is known in advance, we consider the online version of this problem. The requests for point insertion arrive one by one and the target is to insert points as uniformly as possible. To measure the uniformity we use gap ratio which is defined as the ratio of the maximal gap to the minimal gap of two arbitrary inserted points. We propose a two-phase online insertion strategy with gap ratio of at most 3.69 . Moreover, the lower bound of the gap ratio is proved to be at least 1.78 .

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Yu, Guo Jun, Cheng Bin Du, and Zhi Quan Li. "Optimum Design of a Magnetic Circuit in a Magneto-Rheological Damper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1400–1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1400.

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Numerical simulation and experimental analysis for a magnetic circuit model of a damper were carried out by adjusting the size of the auxiliary gap to obtain greater magnetic field strength and wider adjustable multiples of the damping force. Results of experiment indicate that there is a specific ratio of sizes between the auxiliary gap and the working gap; this gap ratio is 3:1. The adjustable multiple and gap ratio is validated by the results of the experiment. The largest value for the magnetic induction in the working gap can reach 80–90% of the maximum; the least value is close to zero, and the adjustable multiple of the magnetic induction is near about a factor of 7. Experimental data also indicate that the law of the magnetic flux leakage is affected by the size of auxiliary gap as well as the intensity and direction of the current. Performance testing of the real optimal damper reveals that the maximum damping force of the damper is 195.7 kN, which is ~92.7 percent of the theoretical maximum value, at a gap ratio of 1:2.5.

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Wang, Tao, Sihong Liu, Yan Feng, and Jidu Yu. "Compaction Characteristics and Minimum Void Ratio Prediction Model for Gap-Graded Soil-Rock Mixture." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122584.

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Gap-graded soil-rock mixtures (SRMs), composed of coarse-grained rocks and fine-grained soils particles, are very inhomogeneous materials and widely encountered in geoengineering. In geoengineering applications, it is necessary to know the compaction characteristics in order to estimate the minimum void ratio of gap-graded SRMs. In this paper, the void ratios of compacted SRMs as well as the particle breakage during vibrating compaction were investigated through a series of vibrating compaction tests. The test results show that gap-graded SRMs may reach a smaller void ratio than the SRM with a continuous gradation under some circumstances. When the particles in a gap interval play the role of filling components, the absence of them will increase the void ratio of the SRM. The particle breakage of gap-graded SRMs is more prominent than the SRM with continuous gradation on the whole, especially at the gap interval of 5–20 mm. Based on the test results, a minimum void ratio prediction model incorporating particle breakage during compaction is proposed. The developed model is evaluated by the compaction test results and its validation is discussed.

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Cao Huabao, 曹华保, 卢兴强 Lu Xingqiang, and 范滇元 Fan Dianyuan. "Signal-to-Noise Ratio Degradation Due to the Tiled-Grating Gap." Acta Optica Sinica 31, no. 10 (2011): 1005004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201131.1005004.

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JUNG, Younchan, and J. William ATWOOD. "VoIP Accounting Model: Using the Gap Ratio as a Quality Metric." IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, no. 9 (2011): 2638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.2638.

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14

WALKER, J., P. F. CRAPPER, and L. K. PENRIDGE. "The crown-gap ratio (C) and crown cover: The field study." Austral Ecology 13, no. 1 (March 1988): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1988.tb01419.x.

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Meng, J., Z. Deng, K. Zhang, X. Xu, and F. Wen. "Band gap analysis of star-shaped honeycombs with varied Poisson’s ratio." Smart Materials and Structures 24, no. 9 (August 13, 2015): 095011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/24/9/095011.

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Teo, Selin H. G., A. Q. Liu, J. Singh, and M. B. Yu. "High resolution and aspect ratio two-dimensional photonic band-gap crystal." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 22, no. 6 (2004): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1819900.

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Liqing, Li, and Wang Yunhang. "Discharge Gap and Relative Discharge Ratio in Dry Electrical Discharge Machining." Procedia CIRP 95 (2020): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.145.

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18

Harrell, W. A., and Tami Bereska. "Gap Acceptance by Pedestrians." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 2 (October 1992): 432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.2.432.

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The riskiness of street crossing behavior of 75 individuals and groups of pedestrians was observed. Gap acceptance, or the elapsed time before a pedestrian initiated a crossing at a marked crosswalk and the time until a vehicle passed through the crosswalk, was the measure of risk. Pedestrian groups containing at least one infant tended to choose longer gaps, i.e., they were less risky in their crossing. Gap acceptance was also more conservative as the mean age of the pedestrian group increased. Gap was not affected by the sex ratio of the group or the volume of traffic passing through the intersection.

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Lasatira, Gleen Stenly, Suntoyo, and Haryo Dwito Armono. "Numerical Model for Prediction the Scour Depth around Two Pipelines in Tandem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 862 (January 2017): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.862.332.

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Scour around submarine pipelines is one of the factors that affecting their stability which need to be considered. There have been several experimental investigations on scour depth. Although many studies have been conducted to investigate scour below a single pipeline, the effects of the spacing between two pipelines on scour characteristics are not properly understood. This study is focused to investigate the effects of pipeline diameters (D), gap ratio (G/D) between the pipelines, and the Reynolds Number (Re) on the scour depth. Simulations are conducted for two pipelines with diameters 0.075 m and 0.1 m, where the gap ratio is , , and . In case the pipeline diameter, , it is found that the relative scour depth increases with increasing the gap ratio, where and are upstream and downstream pipeline diameters, respectively. Meanwhile, when , the scour depth decreases with decreasing the gap ratio. For the gap, , the scour depth is smaller than at the gap and due to the disturbance of the vortex shedding around the upstream pipeline.

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Lee, Petry Y. R., Wei-Ting Lu, Shy-Tsin Chou, and Cheng-Hsiung Kuo. "Lock-on characteristics behind two side-by-side cylinders of diameter ratio two at small gap ratio." Experiments in Fluids 53, no. 4 (June 14, 2012): 891–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-012-1335-z.

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Jayawardana, K. B. S. K. B., and K. A. I. L. Wijewardena Gamalath. "Study on the Photonic Band Gaps of the Face Centered Cubic Crystals." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 70 (September 2016): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.70.63.

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Since the dielectric contrast of photonic crystals play an important role in determining the existence of a photonic gap, the photonic energy bands, density of states of face centered cubic structured photonic crystals formed from spheres of several dielectric materials placed in air were calculated using the plane wave expansion method. A complete band gap was obtained between second and third bands with a gap to mid gap frequency ratio in the range for the dielectric contrast in the range 11-16 with dielectric spheres of radius with a filling factor of 0.134 and fordielectric contrast of 200 with . A complete gap was not found for the dielectric contrast of 3.9. A complete band gap can be obtained for filling factors for the dielectric contrast in the range with an optimum band gap for the filling factor 0.134 while GaAs () has almost a constant optimum band gap in this range. The largest gap to mid gap ratio of was obtained for GaP (). For dielectric spheres of and larger gap to mid gap ratio were obtained for the dielectric contrast while the largest were obtained for . The only dielectric material BaSrTiO3 () which gives a band gap for the filling factor of 0.4524 can be used in microwave applications.

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22

Song, Qing, Zhao Qin Yu, Zhong Ning Guo, Guan Wang, and Hong Guang Huang. "Study on Undercut Characteristics of Die Steel in Spray Etching." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1080.

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The NAK80 die steel was processed in spray etching with mask preprocessing.The effect of the mask gap width and etching depth on the undercut ratio was investigated . The result shows that with the increase of the mask gap width the effect of the etching depth on the undercut ratio increases. Based on the experiment, the relation of the mask gap width, the etching depth and the undercut ratio is obtained.

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23

Nohguchi, Yasuaki. "Air-gap formation by snow melting." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011605.

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This paper describes theoretically the formation of air gaps at the lower boundary of a snow cover during basal melting. In general, initiation of the formation of air gaps is dependent on both the horizontal heterogeneity of the snowmelt rate and viscous deformation. From this point of view, we propose a dimensionless parameter ξ (bridge-effect ratio) which is a function of the amplitude and wavelength of the heterogeneity of the snowmelt rate at the base, and the density, thickness and viscosity of the snow. This parameter expresses the heterogeneity of the normal stress at the base. We derive a necessary condition for air-gap formation in terms of the bridge-effect ratio, and show that a large amplitude, a small wavelength, a high density, a thin layer and/or high viscosities are favorable for air-gap formation.

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Nohguchi, Yasuaki. "Air-gap formation by snow melting." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011605.

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This paper describes theoretically the formation of air gaps at the lower boundary of a snow cover during basal melting. In general, initiation of the formation of air gaps is dependent on both the horizontal heterogeneity of the snowmelt rate and viscous deformation. From this point of view, we propose a dimensionless parameter ξ (bridge-effect ratio) which is a function of the amplitude and wavelength of the heterogeneity of the snowmelt rate at the base, and the density, thickness and viscosity of the snow. This parameter expresses the heterogeneity of the normal stress at the base. We derive a necessary condition for air-gap formation in terms of the bridge-effect ratio, and show that a large amplitude, a small wavelength, a high density, a thin layer and/or high viscosities are favorable for air-gap formation.

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Schwantes, Rebecca, Jakob Seger, Lorenz Bauer, Daniel Winter, Tobias Hogen, Joachim Koschikowski, and Sven-Uwe Geißen. "Characterization and Assessment of a Novel Plate and Frame MD Module for Single Pass Wastewater Concentration–FEED Gap Air Gap Membrane Distillation." Membranes 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9090118.

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Membrane distillation (MD) is an up and coming technology for concentration and separation on the verge of reaching commercialization. One of the remaining boundaries is the lack of available full-scale MD modules and systems suitable to meet the requirements of potential industrial applications. In this work a new type of feed gap air gap MD (FGAGMD) plate and frame module is introduced, designed and characterized with tap water and NaCl–H2O solution. The main feature of the new channel configuration is the separation of the heating and cooling channel from the feed channel, enabling a very high recovery ratio in a single pass. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as flux, gained output ratio (GOR), recovery ratio and thermal efficiency are used to analyze the performance of the novel module concept within this work. A recovery rate of 93% was reached with tap water and between 32–53% with salt solutions ranging between 117 and 214 g NaCl/kg solution with this particular prototype module. Other than recovery ratio, the KPIs of the FGAGMD are similar to those of an air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) channel configuration. From the experimental results, furthermore, a new MD KPI was defined as the ratio of heating and cooling flow to feed flow. This RF ratio can be used for optimization of the module design and efficiency.

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Davoodi, M., S. Lerouge, M. Norouzi, and R. J. Poole. "Secondary flows due to finite aspect ratio in inertialess viscoelastic Taylor–Couette flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 857 (October 30, 2018): 823–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.746.

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Both in rheometry and in fundamental fluid mechanics studies, the Taylor–Couette geometry is used frequently to investigate viscoelastic fluids. In order to ensure a constant shear rate in the gap between the inner and outer cylinders, such studies are usually restricted to the small-gap limit where the assumption of a linear velocity distribution is well justified. In conjunction with a sufficiently large aspect ratio$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$(i.e. ratio of cylinder height to gap), the flow is then assumed to be viscometric. Here we demonstrate, using a perturbation technique with the curvature ratio (i.e. ratio of the half-gap to the mid-radius of the cylinders) as the perturbation parameter, full nonlinear simulations using a finite-volume technique, and supporting experiments, that, even in the creeping-flow (inertialess) narrow-gap limit, for viscoelastic fluids end effects due to finite aspect ratio always give rise to a secondary motion. Using the constant-viscosity Oldroyd-B model we are able to show that this secondary motion, as has been observed in related pressure-driven flows with curvature, such as the viscoelastic Dean flow, is solely a consequence of the combination of gradients of the first normal-stress difference and curvature. Our results show that end effects can significantly change the flow characteristics, especially for small aspect ratios, and this may have important consequences in some situations such as the onset criteria for purely elastic instabilities.

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Jiang, Wen, Tao Feng, and Harry JP Timmermans. "Non-linear asymmetric gap models of residential satisfaction: Formulation and empirical evidence." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318790251.

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This paper proposes non-linear asymmetric gap–satisfaction models to assess the influence of the gap between aspirations and perceived residential attributes on residential satisfaction. Two variants of the residential gap are specified based on the difference and ratio between aspiration and reality. Besides the influence of residential gap, the interactions with social-demographics are incorporated in three specifications of gap–satisfaction relationship. Using empirical data collected from eight renovated historical blocks in two Chinese cities, the relative performances of the proposed gap models are compared with truncated linear symmetric gap models and traditional linear (absolute) difference models for housing, living environmental and neighbourhood attributes. The estimation results indicate that overall the non-linear asymmetric gap models outperform the linear gap models. The model fit for housing and living environmental attributes are very good. Satisfaction for housing attributes is predicted best with non-linear asymmetric gap ratio models, while the environmental attributes are best represented by non-linear asymmetric difference models. In case of the neighbourhood dimension, non-linear asymmetric gap ratio models show the best performance, while these models yield a good fit only for two attributes. The interaction effect of social-demographics is found to vary between residential attributes.

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Chen, Shou Xiang, Xiu Lun Yang, Xiang Feng Meng, Yu Rong Wang, Lin Hui Wang, and Guo Yan Dong. "Two-Dimensional Silicon Nitride Photonic Crystal Band Gap Characteristics." Key Engineering Materials 538 (January 2013): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.538.201.

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Plane-wave expansion method was employed to analyze the photonic band gap in two-dimensional silicon nitride photonic crystal. The effects of filling ratio and lattice structure type on the photonic band gap were studied. The results showed that two-dimensional dielectric cylinder type silicon nitride photonic crystal only has TE mode band gap, while, the air column type photonic crystal has complete band gap for TE and TM modes simultaneously. The distribution of band gap can be influenced by the filling ratio of dielectric materials and the lattice type. It is shown that the triangular lattice structure is much easier to form band gap than square lattice structure.

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Huang, Haiming, and Guo Huang. "Effects of width-to-depth ratio on heat transfer coefficient for gap." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 25, no. 4 (May 5, 2015): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2014-0143.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform the stimulation in order to examine the effects on the heat transfer coefficient and the flowfield properties at the vicinity of the gap due to variations in the width-to-depth ratio. Design/methodology/approach – The governing equations were discreted by using the finite volume method, and based on pressure-velocity coupled algorithm, the heat transfer coefficients outside and inside the gaps, defined by the width-to-depth ratio of 1, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4, were obtained by the Fluent software. Findings – The number of vortex inside the gap depends on the width-to-depth ratio, and the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient emerges on the downstream surface. Originality/value – The study gives a feasible method to simulate the flowfield and the heat transfer inside the gap, which will help the design of the thermal protection system for reentry vehicles.

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Zhang, Zhishen, Feng Li, Jiuyang Lu, Tao Liu, Xiaobo Heng, Yongcheng He, Haohua Liang, Jiulin Gan, and Zhongmin Yang. "Broadband photonic topological insulator based on triangular-holes array with higher energy filling efficiency." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (June 29, 2020): 2839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0086.

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AbstractPhotonic topological insulators (PTIs) bring markedly new opportunities to photonic devices with low dissipation and directional transmission of signal over a wide wavelength range due to the broadband topological protection. However, the maximum gap/mid-gap ratio of PTIs is below 10% and hardly further improved duo to the lack of new bandwidth enhancement mechanism. In this paper, a PTI with the gap/mid-gap ratio of 16.25% is proposed. The designed PTI has a honeycomb lattice structure with triangular air holes, and such a wide bandwidth is obtained by optimizing the refractive-index profile of the primitive cell for increasing the energy proportion in the geometric perturbation region. The PTI shows a large topological nontrivial gap (the gap/mid-gap ratio 33.4%) with the bandwidth approaching its theoretical limit. The edge states propagate smoothly around sharp bends within 1430–1683 nm. Due to topological protection, the bandwidth only decreases 1.38% to 1450–1683 nm under 1%-random-bias disorders. The proposed PTI has a potential application in future high-capacity and nonlinear topological photonic devices.

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Liu, Huan Bin. "Additive-Accelerated Hazard Ratio Model for Multiple Type Recurrent Events Gap Time." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.131.

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Multiple type recurrent event data is often observed in clinical medicine, epidemiology, biostatistics, and other related applied research fields. This paper presents an additive-accelerated hazard ratio model for multiple type recurrent events data, and gives the estimation methods of unknown parameter and non-parameter function based on the idea of estimating equation. In addition, it provides the expression of unknown regression coefficient as well as the benchmark hazard ratio function.

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Das, A. N., Joydev Lahiri, and S. Sil. "Superconducting gap ratio and isotope-shift exponent in a pair-tunneling model." Physica C: Superconductivity 294, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(97)01754-1.

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Nowack, M., S. Leidich, D. Reuter, S. Kurth, M. Kuechler, A. Bertz, and T. Gessner. "Micro arc welding for electrode gap reduction of high aspect ratio microstructures." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 188 (December 2012): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.12.026.

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Wills, Matthew A. "Congruence Between Phylogeny and Stratigraphy: Randomization Tests and the Gap Excess Ratio." Systematic Biology 48, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106351599260148.

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Cottrell, G. Trevor, Yan Wu, and Janis M. Burt. "Cx40 and Cx43 expression ratio influences heteromeric/ heterotypic gap junction channel properties." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 282, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): C1469—C1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00484.2001.

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In cells that coexpress connexin (Cx)40 and Cx43, the ratio of expression can vary depending on the cellular environment. We examined the effect of changing Cx40:Cx43 expression ratio on functional gap junction properties. Rin cells transfected with Cx40 or Cx43 (Rin40, Rin43) were cocultured with 6B5n, A7r5, A7r540C1, or A7r540C3 cells for electrophysiological and dye coupling analysis. Cx40:Cx43 expression ratio in 6B5n, A7r5, A7r540C1, and A7r540C3 cells was ∼1:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 10:1, respectively. When Rin43 cells were paired with coexpressing cells, there was an increasing asymmetry of voltage-dependent gating and a shift toward smaller conductance events as Cx40:Cx43 ratio increased in the coexpressing cell. These observations could not be predicted by linear combinations of Cx40 and Cx43 properties in proportion to the expressed ratios of the two Cxs. When Rin40 cells were paired with coexpressing cells, the net voltage gating and single-channel conductance behavior were similar to those of Rin40/Rin40 cell pairs. Dye permeability properties of cell monolayers demonstrated that as Cx40:Cx43 expression ratio increased in coexpressing cells the charge and size selectivity of dye transfer reflected that of Rin40 cells, as would be predicted. These data indicate that the electrophysiological properties of heteromeric/heterotypic channels are not directly related to the proportions of Cx constituents expressed in the cell; however, the dye permeability of these same channels can be predicted by the relative Cx contributions.

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PENRIDGE, L. K., and J. WALKER. "The crown-gap ratio (C) and crown cover: Derivation and simulation study." Austral Ecology 13, no. 1 (March 1988): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1988.tb01420.x.

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Elmasry, Shady S., Peter K. Sculco, Mohammad Kia, Cynthia A. Kahlenberg, Michael B. Cross, Andrew D. Pearle, David J. Mayman, Timothy M. Wright, Geoffrey H. Westrich, and Carl W. Imhauser. "A geometric ratio to predict the flexion gap in total knee arthroplasty." Journal of Orthopaedic Research 38, no. 7 (May 25, 2020): 1637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.24719.

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Mehrabani, Ali M., and Lotfollah Shafai. "Effect of air-gap on axial ratio of low profile spiral antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 10 (July 20, 2011): 2422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26248.

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He, G. S., C. Pan, and J. J. Wang. "Dynamics of vortical structures in cylinder/wall interaction with moderate gap ratio." Journal of Fluids and Structures 43 (November 2013): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.09.005.

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Cai, Wenhe, and Xian-Hui Ge. "Superconducting gap ratio from strange metal phase in the absence of quasiparticles." Communications in Theoretical Physics 73, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 025701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/abd0e9.

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Cong, C. X., B. Yao, Y. P. Xie, G. Z. Xing, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, Z. P. Wei, et al. "Nitrogen partial pressure-dependent Mg concentration, structure, and optical properties of MgxZn1−xO film grown by magnetron sputtering." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 2936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0375.

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MgxZn1−xO films were grown on quartz substrates at 773 K by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering with a mixture of argon and nitrogen as sputtering gases. The nitrogen concentration in the mixture is characterized by the nitrogen partial pressure ratio, which is determined by the ratio of nitrogen flow rate to the flow rates of nitrogen and argon. It was found that Mg concentration, structure, and band gap of the MgxZn1−xO film could be tuned by changing the nitrogen partial pressure ratio of the sputtering gases. The Mg concentration in the MgxZn1−xO film increases with increasing nitrogen partial pressure ratio. The MgxZn1−xO film consists of wurtzite phase at the ratios from 0% to 50%, mixture of wurtzite and cubic phases at the ratios between 50% and 83%, and cubic phase at 100%. The band gap of the MgxZn1−xO film with wurtzite and cubic structure increases as the ratio rises. The variation of the structure and band gap is attributed to change of the Mg concentration, which results from loss of the O and Zn atoms during growth process, the former is induced by reaction between N and O, and the latter by re-evaporation of Zn atoms due to high substrate temperature. The mechanism of the loss of the O and Zn atoms is discussed based on thermodynamics.

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KASKAMALAS, S., B. KRUNAVAKARN, and S. YOKSAN. "DEPENDENCE OF THE GAP-RATIO ON THE FERMI LEVEL SHIFT IN A VAN HOVE SUPERCONDUCTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 19n20 (August 10, 2000): 2127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002387.

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To understand the origin of high temperature superconductivity model based on the close proximity of the Fermi level to a quasi-two-dimensional Van Hove Singularity (VHS) in the density of states has been suggested. Here we present our study of the dependence of the zero temperature gap to the critical temperature for s- and d-wave superconductors on the Fermi level shift (δ) from the VHS within the BCS theory. Exact numerical calculations for the s and d gap ratios are carried out and approximate analytic expressions for the ratio are given. We find that the maximum gap ratio occurs at δ=0, and it decreases symmetrically with increasing δ.

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Li, Zheng Da, and Lin Xie. "One Kind of Band-Gap Voltage Reference Source with Piecewise High-Order Temperature Compensation and Power Supply Rejection Ratio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3575.

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This paper designed a new band-gap voltage reference circuit with two-stage temperature compensation.It realizes non-linear temperature compensation by using NMOS-pipe leakage current and increases the power supply rejection ratio of the band-gap voltage reference source by introducing negative feedback between the operational amplifier and the power supply. What is more, the paper simulates the band-gap voltage reference source based on CSMC 0.5μm CMOS technique. The result as follow: the band-gap voltage reference source has the temperature coefficient of 8.2ppm/oC among-40-120oC with the supply voltage of 3V, the low-frequency power supply rejection ratio is 83dBat 27oC and the power supply rejection ratio is 71dB in 1KHz, the output voltage regulation is 1.05mV/V in the supply voltage range from 2.4V to 5V.

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Wang, Lu Zhuang, and Hui Yu. "Empirical Study on Correlation of Manufacturing Companies’ Compensation Gap with the Performance." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.525.

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This paper studied the relationship between executives' compensation gaps and enterprise’s performances of Textile industry in China. By linear regression and relative analysis, it is found that the correlativity of executives’ compensation gap with performance is weak or none with only effective gap between the president and CFO, the compensation gap of executives in coastland areas is larger than inland areas, a positive correlation existed between ownership concentration and enterprise performance, ownership concentration is negatively correlated to executive compensation gap, and the state-owned stock ratio and asset-liability ratio have negative correlation to enterprise performance.

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Sarkar, Sujit, and A. N. Das. "Isotope-Shift Exponent and the Gap Ratio for d-Wave Pairing within the Phonon Mediated Mechanism." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 10 (April 20, 1998): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298000594.

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An exact analytical expression for the isotope-shift exponent is derived for the d-wave pairing assuming a phonon-mediated interaction. The role of the orthorhombic distortion and second nearest-neighbor hopping on the transition temperature (T c ) and the isotope-shift exponent (α) are studied. The temperature dependence of the gap parameter and the doping dependence of the gap ratio are also investigated. It is found that introduction of second nearest-neighbor hopping increases T c ) as well as the gap ratio while decreases the minimum value of α. The variation of α with doping is qualitatively consistent with the experimental results of high-T c oxide systems.

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Dolgov, O. V., and A. A. Golubov. "ENERGY GAP IN S- AND D-WAVE PAIRING SUPERCONDUCTORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979288000950.

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The ratio 2Δ g / T c . where Δ g is the gap edge, T c is the critical temperature, is calculated in the framework of the model of strong electron-phonon coupling. Both isotropic and anisotropic pairing cases are considered. It is shown that the isotropic Eliashberg model can not account for the large values of the ratio 2Δ g / T c for the reasonable values of the electron-phonon coupling parameter λ, while anisotropic pairing can resolve this problem.

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Chintia, Bella, Okto Ivansyah, and Joko Sampurno. "Analisis Parameter Gap Dalam Tahapan Dekonvolusi Prediktif Guna Mereduksi Short Period Multiple dan Meningkatkan S/N Ratio pada Pengolahan Data Seismik Refleksi 2D Marine." POSITRON 7, no. 1 (May 14, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/positron.v7i1.20783.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai gap terbaik dari salah satu parameter gap yang digunakan untuk mereduksi short-period multiple dengan metode dekonvolusi prediktif. Variasi Nilai gap yang digunakan adalah 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, dan 64 ms. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa gap 12 merupakan gap terbaik. Nilai gap 12 menghasilkan sp gather, penampang stack dan NTG (Near Trace Gather) yang lebih tajam dibandingkan dengan gap lainnya. Selain itu, dari spectrum analysis didapatkan sp gather dan penampang stack yang menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi terletak pada rentang nilai 10 - 80 Hz, dan nilai spectrum amplitude seismik yang terkecil berkisar -21 s.d 0 dB.

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Han, Jun Young, and Chung Wung Bark. "Influence of Oxygen to Argon Ratio on the Optical Band Gap of Bi3.25La0.75Fe1Ti2O12 Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 8228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11438.

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Achieving wide band gap tunability in ferroelectric perovskite oxides is desirable for the development of photovoltaic device applications and solar cells. To tune the wide band gap of perovskite oxides, ferroelectric iron doped BLT thin films (BLFT) on SrTiO3 substrates were fabricated by RF sputtering with simple control of the oxygen content. The structural and optical properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. As the oxygen content in the mixed Ar+O2 atmosphere was increased from 0% to 50%, the optical band gap of the thin films were decreased from 2.8 eV to 2.64 eV. The BLFT film deposited at an Ar/O2 ratio of 1/1 exhibited a significantly lower optical band gap than the other samples. This simple sputtering approach to controlling the band gap with a simple method can provide a new candidate tool for manipulating optoelectronics devices.

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BECHLAGHEM, A., and D. BOURBIE. "PROPERTIES OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING GAP RATIO IN THE VAN HOVE SCENARIO OF HIGH-Tc OXIDES." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 23 (September 10, 2010): 2395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910024638.

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The superconducting gap ratio R = 2Δ(0)/kBTc has been studied in the context when the Fermi level is close to the van Hove singularity. In this approach, we consider the interaction is related to the phonons at low temperature but at high temperature, it is relevant to the magnetic excitations. Our results show that the superconducting gap ratio R takes large values in qualitative agreement with experimental data.

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Aydin, Neslihan, Alper Ozalp, and Irfan Karagoz. "Numerical investigation of heat and flow characteristics in a laminar flow past two tandem cylinders." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part A (2021): 2807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201119175a.

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Heat and flow characteristics were investigated numerically for a laminar stream past two tandem circular cylinders placed in a channel. The blockage ratios (? = D/H) were chosen to be 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, respectively, and the gap between the cylinders was varied proportionally to the cylinder diameter as g = 0.2D, 0.7D, 1.5D, and 4D at a low Reynolds number (Re = 40). The effects of the blockage ratio, as well as the gap between two cylinders on heat and flow features were examined in detail. Shear stresses, dimensionless static pressure, heat transfer coefficient, and separation points from the cylinders were determined from the velocity and temperature fields in the flow domain. The results showed that the separation angle decreases with both the blockage ratio and the gap size on the downstream cylinder, whereas heat transfer increases with both the block-age ratio and the gap size on the upstream cylinder.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gap ratio'

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