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Rowlands, William Llewelyn. "Is prey selection in young gadoids in the Irish Sea limited by gape size or by the spectrum of prey available?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406715.
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Lima, Ariane Furtado de. "Alimentação inicial do Jundiá, Rhamdia voulezi Haseman 1911: efeitos da privação alimentar sobre o crescimento e padrões na seleção de presas ao longo do período larval." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1917.
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The effects of feeding privation on growth of larvae of jundiá Rhamdia voulezi as well as the feeding preference during larval period were evaluated. For this purpose two experiments were conducted which began soon after complete absorption of the yolk sac, the fourth day after hatching (DAH). The feeding privation experiment was performed in 8 treatments consisting of different diets, including the control treatment (CT) in which there was no food supply. The food was provided for the first time in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th DAH corresponding to treatments: T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 and T10, respectively. The food consisted of zooplankton and newly hatched artemia. We performed 3 trials of selectivity to analyze the feeding preference throughout the larval period, comprising different larval stages and classes of standard length. In this, the larvae were fed exclusively on zooplankton collected from fish ponds. The results demonstrated that the larvae fed on the fourth to sixth DAH had a significantly higher growth than those fed later, from the seventh DAH. The point of no return was recorded in the same period in the 7th DAH. With respect to feeding selectivity, there were variations in the patterns of prey selection in different days of life analyzed. Initially on the 5th DAH, preflexion stage, larvae strongly selected rotiferas (unidentified) and cladocerans (Diaphanosoma spinulosum, D. brevireme, Moina sp., M. micrura, M. minuta). In the remaining days of life examined, the cladocerans continued to be strongly selected. However on the 8th DAH, flexion stage, they selected less intensely the copepods Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi and Termocyclops decipiens and more strongly A. furcatus, Notodiaptomus spinuliferus and Metacyclops mendocinus at 10 DAH, postflexion stage. The delay of the first feeding drastically affected the growth of the larvae, and that if feeding is started before the point of no return there are chances of recovery. So, it is important to have suitable availability of food, with a variety of type and size so that they can compensate for the morphological limitations of larvae in the early of their development. Concomitant to its growth, the larvae tend to specialize in certain prey items. The size of prey consumed is related to the size of the larvae and the gape size. Initially larvae have a preference for smaller prey, rotifers and cladocerans, and later when they are more developed prefer to feed on larger prey, the copepods.
Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da privação alimentar sobre o crescimento das larvas de jundiá Rhamdia voulezi bem como a preferência alimentar durante o período larval. Para isto foram realizados dois experimentos que tiveram início logo após a absorção completa do saco vitelínico, que ocorreu no 4o dia após a eclosão (DAE). O primeiro experimento de privação alimentar foi realizado com 8 tratamentos constituídos por diferentes regimes alimentares, incluindo o tratamento controle (TC) no qual não houve fornecimento de alimento. O alimento foi fornecido pela primeira vez no 4o, 5o, 6o, 7o, 8o, 9o e 10o DAE, correspondendo aos tratamentos: T4; T5, T6, T7, T8; T9 e T10, respectivamente. A alimentação consistiu de zooplâncton e artêmia recém-eclodida. Para avaliar a preferência alimentar, foram realizados 3 ensaios de seletividade alimentar ao longo de todo o período larval, compreendendo diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento e classes de comprimento padrão. Neste, as larvas foram alimentadas exclusivamente com zooplâncton coletado de tanques de cultivo. Os resultados demonstraram que as larvas de jundiá que receberam alimento do 4o ao 6o DAE tiveram desenvolvimento significativamente maior que aquelas alimentadas mais tardiamente, a partir do 7o DAE. O ponto de não retorno foi registrado neste mesmo período, no 7o DAE. Com relação à seletividade alimentar, houve variações nos padrões de seleção de presas nos diferentes dias de vida analisados. Inicialmente no 5o DAE, estágio de pré-flexâo, as larvas selecionaram fortemente os rotiferas (não identificados) e os cladoceras (Diaphanosoma spinulosum, D. brevireme, Moina sp., M. micrura, M. minuta). Nos demais dias de vida analisados, os cladoceras continuaram a ser fortemente selecionados. Entretanto no 8o DAE, estágio de flexão, selecionaram menos intensamente os copepodas Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi e Termocyclops decipiens e no 10o DAE, estágio de pós-flexão, consumiram especialmente Argyrodiaptomus furcatus, Notodiaptomus spinuliferus e Metacyclops mendocinus. Conclui-se que o retarde da primeira alimentação afeta drasticamente o crescimento das larvas, e que, se a alimentação for iniciada antes do ponto de não retorno há chances de recuperação e sobrevivência larval. Para isto, é importante que haja disponibilidade adequada de alimento, com variedade de tipo e de tamanho de modo que possam compensar as limitações morfológicas das larvas no início do seu desenvolvimento. Concomitante ao seu crescimento, as larvas tendem a se especializar em determinados itens presa, existindo uma seleção de presas tanto pelo tipo como também pelo tamanho, onde o tamanho da presa consumida está relacionado com o tamanho da larva e o tamanho de sua boca. Inicialmente as larvas de jundiá têm preferência por itens presas menores, os rotíferos e cladoceras, posteriormente, quando estão mais desenvolvidas, preferem alimentar-se de presas maiores, os copepodas.
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Khoo, Gerard Fook Weng. "Aspects of high side gate driving." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621885.
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Leung, Hei-man Heman. "Interrater and intrarater reliability in rating velopharyngeal gap size." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42005668.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-30). Also available in print.
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Saha, Nilanjan. "Gap Size Effect on Low Reynolds Number Wind Tunnel Experiments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35938.
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A system was designed to measure the effect of gap size on semi-span low Reynolds number wind tunnel experiments. The lift forces on NACA 1412, NACA 2412 and NACA 4412 half wings were measured using a strain gauge balance at chord Reynolds numbers of 100,000 and 200,000 and three different gap sizes including sealed gap. Pressure distributions on both airfoil top and bottom surfaces in the chord-wise direction near the gap were recorded for these airfoils. Also recorded was the span wise pressure distribution on both the airfoil surfaces at the quarter chord section. The results revealed that the presence of the gap, however small, affects the measurements. These effects were mainly observed in drop of lift and change in zero lift angle of attack and change in stall angle for the airfoil. The size of the gap is not linearly related to these changes, which also depend on the camber of the airfoil. These changes occur due to the flow through the gap from the lower surface to the upper surface of the model. The wing/end plate gap effect reduces along the span but is not fully restricted to the base of the model and the model behaves more like a full three-dimensional wing than a semi-span model. This study was made possible with the support of Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University under the supervision of Dr. James MarchmanMaster of Science
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Zustovic, Matthew. "Forest canopy gap size affects regeneration potential of interior Douglas-fir." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55426.
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There is growing concern about the long term productivity of forests in British Columbia due to changing climatic conditions. Interior Douglas-fir, an economically and culturally valuable conifer species, has recently had inconsistent regeneration success in the dry climatic regions of its distribution due to high summer soil surface temperatures, drought and growing season frost. Seeds of interior Douglas-fir germinate after mixed severity disturbances, but their survival appears to depend on the size of disturbance gaps, environmental resources and conditions, and colonization by mycorrhizal fungal symbionts. In two separate experiments that differed in climate (very dry, hot and dry, cool Interior Douglas-fir (IDF) subzones), and disturbance agent (natural and harvested), I sowed interior Douglas-fir seed into different sized forest canopy gaps. In both experiments, I tested the effects of canopy gap size and access to mycorrhizal networks on seedling performance (establishment, growth, water use efficiency, foliar nutrition, mycorrhizal colonization) and environmental resources and conditions (light, temperature, soil moisture). In the first experiment, regeneration failed in all canopy gap sizes and network treatments due to the harsh climatic conditions. There, neither protection in small gaps nor access to mycorrhizal networks were sufficient to create favourable regeneration conditions. In the second experiment, where the climate was cooler and wetter, seedling survival reached 74% in harvested gaps that were 80 – 300 m² in area, corresponding with greater soil moisture availability. Gaps of 20 – 80 m² were too small to initiate gap-phase regeneration, however, as indicated by low seed emergence and slow height growth rates. Gaps >300 m² resulted in high emergence but low survival (26 %) due to low soil moisture availability. Access to mycorrhizal networks had minor effects on mycorrhizal colonization and water use efficiency. My study shows that regeneration potential of interior Douglas-fir is severely limited by the very dry, hot climate in the low elevation IDF forests, but can be increased in wetter, cooler climates with forest harvesting practices that create moderately sized canopy gaps.Forestry, Faculty of
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Ella, Ghislain. "Gap regeneration in the Tsitsikamma forest (Easter Cape, South Africa) : the effect of gap size and origin." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916.
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Thesis (MSc(For))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recognizing the biological significance of gaps, the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) in 1989 initiated a Gap Dynamics Project in the indigenous forests of Tsitsikamma (Eastern Cape, South Africa). This consists of three sub-projects: Koomansbos (9300 m2), created by a ground fire in 1989; Plaatbos (1600 m2), made by a Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Mirb. (Podocarpaceae) windfall in 1994; and nine gaps of different sizes, artificially created by selective tree felling in 1995: three small (100-150 m2), three medium (300-500 m2) and three large (800-1000 m2). All the gaps were surveyed after creation and permanent plots were established for subsequent monitoring. The current timber harvesting system practiced in South African indigenous forests attempts to minimize gap size. It has been proposed by Euston-Brown et al. (1996) that this practice is likely to benefit the more shade tolerant species, but may inhibit the regeneration of less shade tolerant plants in the forest. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify two hypotheses: gaps may close in a process that is determined by their size, their origin and the plant species characteristics; soil quality might change inside those gaps. For the purpose of the study, the gaps cited above were re-surveyed between 2002 and 2003. It was found that: 1) there was little clear difference in the community structure of plant species between gaps of different sizes and origins; as expected from the species-area relationship, large gaps had higher species richness, plant diversity and herbaceous percentage cover than medium and small gaps; diversity indices were higher in the large windfall gap than in the large fire and artificial gaps; generally, context and stochastic events were largely more important in determining gap diversity and regeneration than gap sizes and origins; 2) diversity indices in the gaps were higher than recorded previously; 3) soil pH and Electrical Conductivity were respectively lower and higher inside the gaps than adjacent to them; these variations were statistically significant. Present data on the vegetation in the gaps were compared to past measurements, and future vegetation structure has been predicted, as a function of current gap vegetation. Recommendations have been made for sustainable management of the indigenous forest of Tsitsikamma.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voortspruitend uit die erkenning van die biologiese belang van gapings, het die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou (DWB) in 1989 'n projek oor gapingsdinamika in die inheemse woude van Tsitsikamma (Oos-Kaap, Suid-Afrika) geïnisieer. Dit bestaan uit drie subprojekte: die gaping in Koomansbos (9300 m2) wat in 1989 deur 'n grondvuur geskep is; die gaping in Plaatbos (1600 m2) wat veroorsaak is toe bome van die spesie Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Mirb. (Podocarpaceae) in 1994 omgewaai is; en nege gapings van verskillende groottes wat in 1995 kunsmatig deur geselekteerde boomkappery geskep is: drie is klein (100-150 m2), drie mediumgrootte (300-500 m2) en drie groot (800-1000 m2). Alle gapings is ná hulle ontstaan opgemeet en ondersoek en permanente terreine is vir daaropvolgende monitering gevestig. Die stelsel wat tans vir die oes van hout in Suid-Afrikaanse inheemse woude gebruik word, poog om die grootte van gapings te minimaliseer. Euston Brown et al. (1996) doen aan die hand dat hierdie praktyk spesies wat meer skaduweeverdraagsaam is waarskynlik sal bevoordeel, maar die regenerasie van plante in die woud wat minder skaduweeverdraagsaam is, kan inhibeer. Hierdie studie het dus ten doel gehad om twee hipoteses te verifieer: Gapings kan toegroei in 'n proses wat deur hul grootte, oorsprong en die eienskappe van die plantspesies bepaal word; en die gehalte van die grond binne daardie gapings kan verander. Die gapings waarna hierbo verwys is, is vir die doel van hierdie studie tussen 2002 en 2003 weer gemonitor. Daar is bevind dat: 1) daar min duidelike verskille was tussen die gemeenskapstruktuur van plantspesies tussen gapings van verskillende groottes en oorsprong; soos van die verhouding tussen spesies en area verwag kan word, het groter gapings 'n hoër spesierykheid, plantdiversiteit en persentasie niehoutagtige dekking as medium- en klein gapings gehad; diversiteitsindekse was hoër in die groot Plaatbosgaping as in die groot Koomansbosgaping of die kunsmatige gapings; in die algemeen was konteks en stochastiese gebeure grootliks belangriker in die bepaling van gapingsdiversiteit en -regenerasie as gapingsgrootte of -oorsprong; 2) diversiteitsindekse in die gapings was hoër as wat voorheen aangeteken is; en 3) grond-pH en elektriese geleidingsvermoë was onderskeidelik laer en hoër binne die gapings as neffens hulle; hierdie variasies was statisties beduidend. Huidige data oor die plantegroei in die gapings is met vorige metings vergelyk, en 'n toekomstige plantegroeistruktuur is as 'n funksie van huidige gapingsplantegroei voorspel. Aanbevelings is gemaak rakende die volhoubare bestuur van Tsitsikamma se inheemse woud.
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Kathuria, Tarun. "Gate-level Leakage Assessment and Mitigation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101862.
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Side-channel leakage, caused by imperfect implementation of cryptographic algorithms in
hardware, has become a serious security threat for connected devices that generate and
process sensitive data. This side-channel leakage can divulge secret information in the form of
power consumption or electromagnetic emissions. The side-channel leakage of a crytographic
device is commonly assessed after tape-out on a physical prototype.
This thesis presents a methodology called Gate-level Leakage Assessment (GLA), which
evaluates the power-based side-channel leakage of an integrated circuit at design time. By
combining side-channel leakage assessment with power simulations on the gate-level netlist,
GLA is able to pinpoint the leakiest cells in the netlist in addition to assessing the overall
side-channel vulnerability to side-channel leakage. As the power traces obtained from power
simulations are noiseless, GLA is able to precisely locate the sources of side-channel leakage
with fewer measurements than on a physical prototype. The thesis applies the methodology
on the design of a encryption co-processor to analyze sources of side-channel leakage.
Once the gate-level leakage sources are identified, this thesis presents a logic level replacement
strategy for the leakage sources that can thwart side-channel leakage. The countermeasures
presented selectively replaces gate-level cells with a secure logic style effectively removing
the side-channel leakage with minimal impact in area. The assessment methodology along
with the countermeasures demonstrated is a turnkey solution for IP module designers and
is also applicable to larger system level designs.Master of Science
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Baker, Diana L. "An experimental investigation of the effects of software size increase on software project management behavior." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA248362.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Systems)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992.Thesis Advisor: Abdel-Hamid, Tarek K. "March 1992." Includes bibliographical references (p. 66). Also available in print.
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Sigle, Daniel Oliver. "A study of plasmonic coupling in nanometre-sized gaps." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709040.
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Dyer, Siobhan Margaret. "Population size, demography and spatial ecology of cheetahs in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002058.
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The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has experienced a drastic decline in numbers over the last 20 years globally and is currently listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In South Africa, there are only an estimated 763 free-ranging cheetahs and conflict with humans is arguably the most significant reason for this low number. The aim of my study was to determine the population size and demographic characteristics of the cheetah population within the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve (TPNR), South Africa, and to contribute to a better understanding of cheetah space use and habitat selection. The research was conducted on TPNR between November 2009 and June 2011 and I used a photographic survey to assess cheetah population size and demographic characteristics. Location data was obtained by collaring two adult male cheetahs with GPS/GSM collars and ad hoc sightings data from across the reserve for an adult female with cubs and three adolescent females. A relatively high minimum population density of 4.46 cheetahs/100km² was estimated, signifying a relatively healthy cheetah population. The sex ratio data indicated a higher male to female ratio and an average litter size of three cubs. The relatively high cub survival rate and density is promising in terms of the status of species within the area, as the data denote the success and potential persistence of the species. Cheetah home ranges varied between 20.97km² for the female with cubs and 659.65km² for the younger collared male. Season did not appear to be a determining factor in terms of home range sizes for the three social groups within the TPNR. However, the males did show a slight increase in their home range sizes during the dry season when resources where presumably more widespread. My results indicate that the cheetah is an adaptable species, flexible in behaviour and able to tolerate a variety of habitat types. Such knowledge is fundamental for planning and implementing the effective management and conservation of cheetahs in South Africa.
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Carr, Chelsea. "Group Contingency Game Comparison: Examining the Role of Group Sizes." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7271.
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Problem behavior, such as disruption or property destruction, is commonly observed in classrooms, and interferes with student education. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of group size within a well-studied class-wide behavior management intervention, the GBG. Consistent with previous research, the GBG was effective in decreasing disruptive behavior but there was no clear differentiation between GBG big and GBG small. The students and the teacher showed high social validity for the GBG.
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Kirk, Linda S. "The effect of gap size on performance of metal plated joints in compression." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53170.
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Metal plate splice joints with gaps between butting pieces of lumber were tested in compression to evaluate the effect of gap size on joint serviceability performance. The current design methodology for compression splice joints was also evaluated. Specimens representing floor and roof trusses, with 16 and 20 gauge plates of staggered and aligned tooth configurations were tested for each of two gap sizes.
Generally, 20 gauge plates and 16 gauge plates with 1/8” gaps buckled under compression loads while 16 gauge plates with 1/16" maximum gap did not buckle before the gap closed; rather, the gap closed primarily due to slippage between the teeth and the wood. 16 gauge plates generally outperformed 20 gauge plates based on serviceability performance of the test compression splice joints. Furthermore, gap size had less of an influence on joints with 16 gauge plates than on joints with 20 gauge plates.
The current practice of sizing plates for compression splices to withstand one-half of the calculated chord force could not be physically confirmed using the study joint serviceability criteria. The test results indicate that basing allowable plate ratings on a per area basis derived from tension tests is misleading.Master of Science
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Brown, N. D. "Dipterocarp regeneration in tropical rain forest gaps of different sizes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279886.
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Gape, Hamilton Tshegofatso. "An investigation into the pricing methods used by small and medium-sized enterprises / H.T. Gape." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1591.
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Kaipa, Krishna Vinod. "Topological charge of real finite-gap sine-gordon solutions." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9466.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computation Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Amado, Carlos J. "The ugly side of the beautiful game - hooliganism in French football /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2650.pdf.
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Amado, Carlos Josue. "The Ugly Side of the Beautiful Game - Hooliganism in French Football." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1556.
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Football violence was a rare phenomenon in France until the nineteen eighties. Harsh economic times coupled with the challenges of unemployment brought a different type of fanatic to football stadia. To vent their frustration about the economic difficulties of their time, some fans found an easy scapegoat: the increasing number of African immigrants in France. These fans, known as hooligans, have become organized and can be found supporting most major French football clubs, disrupting what once was a relatively tranquil national pastime. This thesis traces their development in France, looks at what they borrowed from Italian and English fan groups, and suggests how their organization is now uniquely French.
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Lim, Sze-Wah. "Competing population : effects of diverse preferences and a finite-size scaling theory of dynamical transitions /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202006%20LIM.
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Christensen, Björn. "Fabrication and characterization of gate last Si MOSFETs with SiGe source and drain." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211547.
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The continuous evolution of digital technology we enjoy today is the result of ever shrinking, faster and cheaper transistors that make up the ubiquitous integrated circuits of our devices. Over the decades, the industry has gone from purely geometrical scaling to innovative solutions like high-k dielectrics combined with metal gates and FinFETs. A possible future is the use of high mobility materials such as Germanium for the active areas of a transistor instead of Silicon. As a step towards building devices on Ge, we characterize a gate last process with epitaxial deposition of Si0.75Ge0.25 source and drain areas on bulk Si wafers. Devices fabricated are proof-of-concept PMOSFETs and NMOSFETs with channel widths of 10 µm and 40 µm and channel lengths between 0.6 µm and 50 µm. The gate electrode of the fabricated devices is insitu doped polycrystalline Silicon. The devices are electrically characterized through I-V measurements and exhibit a yield of 95%.Den konstanta utvecklingen av digital teknik som vi åtnjuter idag drivs av den ständiga utvecklingen av transistorer. Dessa blir mer kompakta, snabbare och kostar mindre för varje generation och bygger upp de integrerade kretsar som driver all vår vardagsteknik. Under ett tidsspann på flera decennier har krympningen gått från enbart geometrisk skalning till mer innovativa lösningar. Gate-oxiden har gått från rent kiseldioxid till material med lägre relativ permittivitet vilket möjliggjort en tunnare ekvivalent elektrisk tjocklek än vad som varit möjligt för kiseloxid. FinFet eller så kallade ’tri-gate’ transistorer har ersatt den plana varianten för att öka den ledande arean utan att enheterna sväller ut över substratet. En framtida möjlighet är även att använda material med högre mobilitet för elektroner och hål än kisel där en möjlig kandidat är Germanium. Som ett steg mot målet at bygga Germanium-transistorer tillverkar vi här gate last transistorer med source och drain i in-situ dopad kisel-germanium. Dessa konceptenheter används för att definiera och utveckla tillverkningsprocessen och tillverkas i flera omgångar. Varje skiva innehåller transistorer med en bredd på 40 µm och 10 µm. Kanallängden på transistorerna går mellan 0.6 µm och 50 µm för båda bredderna och av varje enhet finns 101 stycken per kiselskiva (100 mm diameter). Gate-elektroden består i samtliga fall av in-situ dopat poly-kristallint kisel. Enheterna karaktäriseras därefter genom elektriska mätningar och mätdata analyseras och sammanställs. Det visas genom dessa mätningar att ett utfall om över 95% fungerande enheter kan uppnås med processen.
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Lönnberg, Karin. "Effects of seed size and habitat on recruitment patterns in grassland and forest plants." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-82384.
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A trade-off between seed size and seed number is central in seed ecology, and has been suggested to be related to a trade-off between competition and colonization, as well as to a trade-off between stress tolerance and fecundity. Large seeds endure hazards during establishment, such as shading, drought, litter coverage and competition from other plants, better than do small seeds, due to a larger amount of stored resources in the seed. Small seeds, however, are numerous and small-seeded species are therefore more fecund. Moreover, a pattern with small-seeded species being associated with open habitats and large-seeded species being associated with closed habitats has been reported in the literature. In this thesis I assess effects of seed size on recruitment, and how relationships between seed size and recruitment may relate to habitat conditions. Seed sowing experiments were performed in the field to assess inter- and intra-specific relationships between seed size and recruitment in open and closed habitats (Paper I and II). Seed removal experiments were performed in the field to assess what effects seed predation may have on a relationship between seed size and recruitment (Paper III). A garden experiment was performed based on contests between larger-seeded and smaller-seeded species, in order to examine different models on co-existence of multiple seed size strategies. The results showed that there was a weak positive relationship between seed size and recruitment in the field, and that this relationship was only weakly and inconclusively related to habitat (Paper I and II). Seed removal was negatively related to seed size in closed habitats and unrelated to seed size in open habitats (Paper III). This indicates that any positive relationship between seed size and recruitment may be an effect of higher seed removal in small-seeded species. However, when grown under controlled conditions in a garden experiment, there was a clear advantage of larger-seeded species over smaller-seeded species (Paper IV). This advantage was unaffected by seed density, indicating that there was no competitive advantage of the larger-seeded species. Instead, indirect evidence suggests that larger-seeded species exhibit higher tolerance to stress.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Accepted.
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John, Scott Addis. "The gap junction : a site of cell to cell communication." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280273.
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Longo, Galea Jake. "Side-channel attacks : bridging the gap between theory and practice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720828.
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Thomas, David A. "Characterization of water fluxes at a trench and gate groundwater remediation site." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/MQ48049.pdf.
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Melton, Joshua. "Beyond One-Size Fits All: Using Heterogeneous Models to Estimate School Performance in Mathematics." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22287.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explored the academic growth in mathematics of a longitudinal cohort of 21,567 Oregon students during middle school on a state accountability test. The student test scores were used to calculate estimates of school performance based on four different accountability models (percent proficient [PP], change in PP, multilevel growth, and growth mixture). On average, 72% of Oregon eighth graders were proficient in mathematics in 2012, 71% in the average school, and 6% more students in this cohort demonstrated mathematics proficiency compared to 2011. The two-level unconditional multilevel growth model estimated the average intercept (Grade 6) to be 228.4 (SE = 0.07) scale score points with an average middle school growth rate of 5.40 scale points per year (SE = 0.02) on the state mathematics test. Student demographic characteristics were a statistically significant improvement on the unconditional model. A major shortcoming of this research, however, was the inability to find successful model convergence for any three-level growth model or any growth mixture model.
A latent class growth analysis was used to uncover groups of students who shared common growth trajectories. A five-latent class solution best represented the data with the lowest BIC and a significant LMR p. Two of the latent classes were students who had high achievement in Grade 6 and demonstrated high growth across middle school and a second group with low sixth grade achievement that had below average growth in middle school. Student-level demographic predictors had statistically significant relations with growth characteristics and latent class membership.
In comparing school performance based on the four different models, it was found that, although statistically correlated, the models of school performance ranked schools differently. A school’s percentage of proficient students in Grade 8 correlated moderately (r = [.60, .70]) with growth over the middle school years as estimated by the growth and LCGA models. About 70% to 80% of schools ranked more than 10 percentiles differently for every pairwise comparison of models. These results, like previous research call into question whether currently used models of school performance produce consistent and valid descriptions of school performance using state test scores.
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Beaujouan, Eva, and Caroline Berghammer. "The Gap Between Lifetime Fertility Intentions and Completed Fertility in Europe and the United States: A Cohort Approach." Springer, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-019-09516-3.
Full textAbstract:
We study the aggregate gap between intended and actual fertility in 19 European
countries and the US based on a cohort approach. This complements prior research
that had mainly used a period approach. We compare the mean intended number
of children among young women aged 20 to 24 (born in the early 1970s), meas
ured during the 1990s in the Fertility and Family Surveys, with data on completed
fertility in the same cohorts around age 40. In a similar manner, we compare the
share who state that they do not want a child with actual cohort childlessness. Our
exploration is informed by the cognitive-social model of fertility intentions devel-
oped by Bachrach and Morgan (Popul Dev Rev 39(3):459-485, 2013). In all coun-
tries, women eventually had, on average, fewer children than the earlier expectations
in their birth cohort, and more often than intended, they remained childless. The
results reveal distinct regional patterns, which are most apparent for childlessness.
The gap between intended and actual childlessness is widest in the Southern Euro-
pean and the German-speaking countries and smallest in the Central and Eastern
European countries. Additionally, we analyze the aggregate intentions-fertility gap
among women with different levels of education. The gap is largest among highly
educated women in most countries studied and the educational gradient varies by
region, most distinctively for childlessness. Differences between countries suggest
that contextual factors-norms about parenthood, work-family policies, unemployment-shape women's fertility goals, total family size, and the gap between them.
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Burg, Samuel. "Segmentation 3D d'images scintigraphiques et simulations très réalistes GATE." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b5bc3be2-14be-4526-9e11-61619c11caaf.
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L’objectif de cette thèse était de proposer de nouvelles méthodes de segmentation 3D en imagerie scintigraphique. Une première partie des travaux réalisés a consisté à simuler des volumes 3D avec vérité de terrain connue afin de pouvoir valider une méthode de segmentation par rapport aux autres. Des simulations de MonteCarlo ont été réalisées à l’aide du logiciel GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography). Pour cela, nous avons caractérisé et modélisé la gamma camera "γ Imager" Biospace™ en comparant chaque mesure d'une acquisition réelle à une simulation équivalente. L'outil de segmentation "bas niveau" que nous avons développé s’appuie sur une modélisation des niveaux de l'image par une loi de mélange dont l'estimation des paramètres est réalisée par un algorithme SEM (Stochastic Expectation Maximization). La segmentation des volumes 3D est obtenue par un algorithme ICM (Iterative Conditional Mode). Nous avons comparé des segmentations basées sur des mélanges Gaussiens et Poissonniens à des segmentations par seuillage sur les volumes simulés. Ceci a montré la pertinence des segmentations obtenues à l’aide des lois de mélange, notamment celles obtenues avec les mélanges Poissonniens. Ces derniers ont été utilisés pour segmenter des images cérébrales réelles TEP 18FDG et calculer des statistiques descriptives des différents tissus. En vue d’obtenir une méthode de segmentation "haut niveau" et retrouver des structures anatomiques (zone nécrosée ou zone active d’une tumeur par exemple), nous avons proposé un processus exploitant le formalisme des processus ponctuels. Une étude de faisabilité nous a permis d’obtenir des résultats très encourageantsThe objective of this thesis was to propose a new 3D segmentation method for scintigraphic imaging. The first part of the work was to simulate 3D volumes with known ground truth in order to validate a segmentation method over other. MonteCarlo simulations were performed using the GATE software (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography). For this, we characterized and modeled the gamma camera "Imager" Biospace™ by comparing each measurement from a simulated acquisition to his real equivalent. The "low level" segmentation tool that we have developed is based on a modeling of the levels of the image by probabilistic mixtures. Parameters estimation is done by an SEM algorithm (Stochastic Expectation Maximization). The 3D volume segmentation is achieved by an ICM algorithm (Iterative Conditional Mode). We compared the segmentation based on Gaussian and Poisson mixtures to segmentation by thresholding on the simulated volumes. This showed the relevance of the segmentations obtained using probabilistic mixtures, especially those obtained with Poisson mixtures. Those one has been used to segment real 18FDG PET images of the brain and to compute descriptive statistics of the different tissues. In order to obtain a "high level" segmentation method and find anatomical structures (necrotic part or active part of a tumor, for example), we proposed a process based on the point processes formalism. A feasibility study has yielded very encouraging results
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Do, Amaral Eduardo, and Kevin Walther. "An explorative study on small-sized game development firms from a born global perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324883.
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The existing literature provides a variety of drivers enabling rapid internationalization of born global firms. This explorative study with its inductive approach attempts to analyze to what extent born global theory can be used to understand internationalization in the context of small-sized game development firms. Five interviews of a qualitative nature are used to collect data from founders of firms in this under-researched context. The data collection process is based on an operationalization of concepts based on the three categories of founder, organizational and macro-environmental drivers. The findings show that the firms can be aligned to three different stages of their business development, from subcontracting, to game development, to self-publishing. Subcontractors are not born global, but game developers must develop games with global market potential. These firms are pushed to be international by the heavily globalized nature of their industry and digital nature of both the products and the distribution platforms. Founder and organizational factors do not drive the born global approach as much as the environment, but still play a role in explaining the business of these firms. Overall, the findings of this thesis may provide a guiding point for further research in this specific context of firms acting in an industry with immediate internationalization.
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Wu, Dongping. "Novel concepts for advanced CMOS : Materials, process and device architecture." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3805.
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The continuous and aggressive dimensional miniaturization ofthe conventional complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)architecture has been the main impetus for the vast growth ofIC industry over the past decades. As the CMOS downscalingapproaches the fundamental limits, unconventional materials andnovel device architectures are required in order to guaranteethe ultimate scaling in device dimensions and maintain theperformance gain expected from the scaling. This thesisinvestigates both unconventional materials for the gate stackand the channel and a novel notched-gate device architecture,with the emphasis on the challenging issues in processintegration.
High-κ gate dielectrics will become indispensable forCMOS technology beyond the 65-nm technology node in order toachieve a small equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) whilemaintaining a low gate leakage current. HfO2and Al2O3as well as their mixtures are investigated assubstitutes for the traditionally used SiO2in our MOS transistors. These high-κ filmsare deposited by means of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for anexcellent control of film composition, thickness, uniformityand conformality. Surface treatments prior to ALD are found tohave a crucial influence on the growth of the high-κdielectrics and the performance of the resultant transistors.Alternative gate materials such as TiN and poly-SiGe are alsostudied. The challenging issues encountered in processintegration of the TiN or poly-SiGe with the high-k are furtherelaborated. Transistors with TiN or poly-SiGe/high-k gate stackare successfully fabricated and characterized. Furthermore,proof-of-concept strained-SiGe surface-channel pMOSFETs withALD high-κ dielectrics are demonstrated. The pMOSFETs witha strained SiGe channel exhibit a higher hole mobility than theuniversal hole mobility in Si. A new procedure for extractionof carrier mobility in the presence of a high density ofinterface states found in MOSFETs with high-κ dielectricsis developed.
A notched-gate architecture aiming at reducing the parasiticcapacitance of a MOSFET is studied. The notched gate is usuallyreferred to as a local thickness increase of the gatedielectric at the feet of the gate above the source/drainextensions. Two-dimensional simulations are carried out toinvestigate the influence of the notched gate on the static anddynamic characteristics of MOSFETs. MOSFETs with optimizednotch profile exhibit a substantial enhancement in the dynamiccharacteristics with a negligible effect on the staticcharacteristics. Notched-gate MOSFETs are also experimentallyimplemented with the integration of a high-κ gatedielectric and a poly-SiGe/TiN bi-layer gate electrode.
Key words:CMOS technology, MOSFET, high-κ, gatedielectric, ALD, surface pre-treatment, metal gate, poly-SiGe,strained SiGe, surface-channel, buried-channel, notchedgate.
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Maurer, Cornélius. "The Emergence of Economic Cooperation : the Moderating Effects of Autistic Traits, Age and Group Size." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH182.
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Cette thèse s’ouvre sur une introduction au concept de comportement coopératif et aux questions de recherche ouvertes liées aux effets des traits autistiques, de l'âge et de la taille du groupe sur la coopération humaine (Chapitre 1). La première étude empirique de cette thèse (Chapitre 2), publiée dans Cognition (Maurer, Chambon, Bourgeois-Gironde, Leboyer, & Zalla, 2018) a examiné les effets de l'information sociale antérieure (reputational prior) et de la réciprocité directe sur la dynamique de la construction de la confiance et de la coopération chez les adultes avec et sans trouble du spectre autistique (ASD) dans le multi-round Trust Game (MTG). Conformément aux hypothèses voulant que les personnes atteintes de ASD soient davantage influencées par les informations sociales antérieures et moins flexibles dans l’intégration des retours d’informations en ligne, les résultats ont révélé que le reputational prior influençaient fortement la propension des participants atteints de ASD à faire confiance à leurs homologues lors des premières et des dernières sessions d’interaction, tandis que l’échantillon de participants normalement développés (TD) révisait leur jugement sur la fiabilité des interlocuteurs après quelques interactions et adoptait rapidement la stratégie optimale Tit-for-Tat. Le Chapitre 3 décrit une étude pilote utilisant l'approche méthodologique de MTG pour explorer la manière dont les informations de reputational prior sur les partenaires et l'expérience de réciprocité directe influencent la construction de confiance et la dynamique de l'apprentissage social chez les adolescents de 14 à 16 ans par rapport aux adultes. En accord avec les difficultés précédemment rapportées dans l'intégration flexible d'informations sociales innovantes et un « Theory of Mind » immature chez les adolescents, les résultats ont montré que les adolescents rencontraient plus de difficultés que les adultes pour intégrer les preuves sociales entrantes provenant du comportement des partenaires et les utiliser pour adapter leurs croyances sociales antérieures, et leur évaluation de la fiabilité des partenaires de coopération. Le Chapitre 4 présente une étude de développement qui examine la manière dont les enfants et les adolescents coopèrent dans le contexte de la négociation unique du jeu de l’Ultimatum lorsqu’ils négocient individuellement et en groupe sur des gains en argent réel. Des recherches antérieures sur la prise de décision collective ont montré que les groupes d'adultes se comportent systématiquement d'une manière économiquement plus rationnelle que les individus. Les résultats ont révélé que les demandes des responders diminuaient de manière significative avec l’âge et que les groupes de responders en demandaient beaucoup moins que les responders individuels. Cependant, aucun effet d'âge ou de groupe n'a été trouvé dans l'échantillon de proposers. Il est important de noter que nous avons constaté que les prédictions des offres individuelles précédentes dans l'UG, ainsi que l'utilisation d'arguments de stratégie au cours de discussions de groupe, permettaient de mieux prédire les décisions du groupe de proposers. En revanche, les types d'arguments utilisés au cours des discussions en groupe, à savoir la stratégie et le raisonnement fondé sur l'équité, permettaient de mieux prédire les décisions du groupe de responders. Enfin, le Chapitre 5 résume les principaux résultats empiriques de cette thèse et donne un aperçu des futures recherches sur les effets des traits autistiques, de l’âge et de la taille du groupe sur la coopérationThis dissertation opens with an introduction to the concept of cooperative behavior and the open research questions related to the effects of autistic traits, age, and group size on human cooperation (Chapter 1). The first empirical study in this dissertation (Chapter 2), which has been published in Cognition (Maurer, Chambon, Bourgeois-Gironde, Leboyer, & Zalla, 2018) investigated the effects of prior social information (reputation) and direct reciprocity on the dynamics of trust-building and cooperation in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the multi-round Trust Game (MTG). In line with the hypotheses that people with ASD are more influenced by prior social information and less flexible in integrating feedback from online evidence, the results revealed that reputational priors strongly influenced the decisions of participants with ASD to trust their counterparts during the first and later rounds of interaction, while the sample of typically developed (TD) participants updated their judgments of counterparts’ trustworthiness after a couple of interactions and rapidly adopted the optimal Tit-for-Tat strategy. Chapter 3 describes a pilot study that employed the methodological approach of the MTG to explore how prior reputational information about partners and direct reciprocity experience influence trust behavior and the dynamics of social learning in adolescents between 14 and 16 years of age compared to adults. In line with previously reported difficulties in the flexible integration of novel social information and an immature Theory of Mind in adolescents, the results showed that adolescents encountered more difficulties than adults in integrating incoming social evidence from partners’ behavior and using it to flexibly review their prior social beliefs about cooperation partners’ trustworthiness. Chapter 4 introduces a developmental study that investigated how children and adolescents cooperate in the one-shot bargaining context of the Ultimatum Game when bargaining individually and as a group about real money payoffs. Previous research on collective decision-making found that adult groups systematically behave in a more economically rational manner than individuals. The results revealed that responder demands decreased significantly with age, and responder groups demanded significantly less than individual responders. However, no age or group effect was found in the proposer sample. Importantly, we found that proposer group decisions were best predicted by previous individual offers in the UG, as well as by the usage of strategy arguments during group discussions. In contrast, responder group demands were best predicted by the types of arguments employed during group discussions, that is, strategy and fairness reasoning. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the main empirical findings of this dissertation and gives an outlook for future research on the effects of autistic traits, age, and group size on cooperation
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Ehlmann, B. L., K. S. Edgett, B. Sutter, C. N. Achilles, M. L. Litvak, M. G. A. Lapotre, R. Sullivan, et al. "Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626565.
Full textAbstract:
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (similar to 45-500m) with 6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35%15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40m; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O. Plain Language Summary The Bagnold dune field is an active sand field with moving dunes and sits between the landing site of the Curiosity rover and rocks of interest higher up on Mount Sharp. When passing through the dune field, we used all of Curiosity's instruments to measure the chemistry, mineralogy, and grain size of sands in the Bagnold dune field in order to figure out where they came from, how the sands are transported, and what volatile materials (like water) lie within Martian soils. We found that the Bagnold sand dunes are very well sorted; no dusty materials are found within them, in stark contrast to soils seen previously with Curiosity and with rovers at other landing sites. We found that the coarser sand grains are enriched in the volcanic minerals olivine and pyroxene, confirming a prediction from orbit that wind-related activity seems to concentrate these phases. We also found that the dunes were much lower in water and other volatile elements like sulfur and chlorine versus all previous Mars soils. Using a combination of the rover's sieving system and chemical measurement tools, we figured out that two types of materials host water. In the first type of material, common in these sands, water is low in abundance (similar to 1%), very tightly bound to the grains, and is not released until temperatures >200 degrees C. In the second type of material, water is higher in abundance (2%) and more easily released by heating. Sieved water-bearing fine materials may be a useful resource for human explorers.
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Mangafic, Armin. "Artistic control of side effects in Playpod by scripting and game loop technology." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72692.
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Nagrale, Sumedh Sopan. "Two Player Zero Sum Multi-Stage Game Analysis Using Coevolutionary Algorithm." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1557144260873961.
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Polyzoeva, Evelina Aleksandrova. "Hole mobility in strained Ge/relaxed SiGe with a High-k/metal gate stack." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64597.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-48).
The need for high speed and density in the modem semiconductor industry requires new channel materials and techniques for improved carrier transport and continuous scaling of the device dimensions. As a material for enhanced hole transport strained-Ge is implemented in this work. High-k dielectric and metal gate stack is used for improved electrostatic control, as an alternative to the unstable native oxides. The hole mobility of strained-Ge ring-FETs with and without Si cap and with A12 0 3/WN gate stack is investigated. The dependence of the mobility on the strained-Ge layer thickness and the silicon cap thickness is explored. Decrease of 13 % in the hole mobility is observed in the devices with thicker Ge channel suggesting partial relaxation of the strained-Ge. Removal of the Si cap results in almost 40 % decrease in hole mobility suggesting that the presence Si cap is required in realizing high mobility devices.
by Evelina Aleksandrova Polyzoeva.
S.M.
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Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana. "PROBING AND TUNING THE SIZE, MORPHOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE OF NANOSCALE CERIUM OXIDE." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4250.
Full textAbstract:
Cerium oxide (ceria)-based materials in the nanoscale regime are of significant fundamental and technological interest. Nanoceria in pure and doped forms has current and potential use in solid oxide fuel cells, catalysis, UV- screening, chemical mechanical planarization, oxygen sensors, and bio-medical applications. The characteristic feature of Ce to switch between the +3 and + 4 oxidation states renders oxygen buffering capability to ceria. The ease of this transformation was expected to be enhanced in the nanoceria. In most the practical scenarios, it is necessary to have a stable suspension of ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) over longer periods of time. However, the existing literature is confined to short term studies pertaining to synthesis and property evaluation. Having understood the need for a comprehensive understanding of the CNP suspensions, this dissertation is primarily aimed at understanding the behavior of CNPs in various chemical and physical environments. We have synthesized CNPs in the absence of any surfactants at room temperature and studied the aging characteristics. After gaining some understanding about the behavior of this functional oxide, the synthesis environment and aging temperature were varied, and their affects were carefully analyzed using various materials analysis techniques such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When the CNPs were aged at room temperature in as-synthesized condition, they were observed to spontaneously assemble and evolve as fractal superoctahedral structures. The reasons for this unique polycrystalline morphology were attributed to the symmetry driven assembly of the individual truncated octahedral and octahedral seed of the ceria. HRTEM and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses were used to explain the agglomeration behavior and evolution of the octahedral morphology. Some of the observations were supported by molecular dynamic simulations. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and ethylene glycol (EG) were used to control the kinetics of this morphology evolution. The ability to control the agglomeration of CNPs in these media stems from the lower dielectric constant and an increased viscosity of the EG and PEG based solvents. CNPs when synthesized and aged in frozen conditions, i.e. in ice, were found to form one dimensional, high aspect ratio structures. A careful analysis has provided some evidence that the CNPs use the porous channels in ice as a template and undergo oriented attachment to form nanorods. When the aging treatment was done near freezing temperature in solution, the nanorods were not observed, confirming the role of channels in ice. When synthesized in aqueous media such as DI water, PEG and EG; CNPs were observed to exhibit a reversible oxidation state switching between +3 and +4. Band gap values were computed from the optical absorption data. The changes in the band gap values observed were attributed to the changes in the oxidation state of CNPs as opposed to the quantum confinement effects, as expected in other nanoparticle systems. The work presented in this dissertation demonstrates, with evidence, that in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the properties of nanoscale materials it is of paramount importance to monitor their behavior over relatively longer periods of time under various ambient environments. While the solution based techniques offer a versatility and low cost route to study the fundamental properties of nanomaterials, they suffer some inherent problems such as precursor contamination and uncontrolled chemical reactions. Especially when analyzing the behavior of ceria-based materials for applications like solid oxide fuel cells, a great control in the density and crystalline quality are desired. In order to achieve this, as a first step pure ceria thin films were synthesized using oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE). The ceria films were analyzed using various in situ and ex situ techniques to study the crystal structure, growth mode and epitaxial quality of the films. It was observed that the epitaxial orientation of the ceria films could be tuned by varying the deposition rate. When the films were grown at low deposition rate (< 8 Å/min) ceria films with epitaxial (200) orientation were observed where as the films grown at high deposition rates (up to 30 Å/min) showed (111) orientation. Theoretical simulations were used to confirm some of the experimental facts observed in both nanoparticles and thin films.Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr PhD
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El, Rahi Georges. "Demand-Side Energy Management in the Smart Grid: Games and Prospects." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78266.
Full textAbstract:
To mitigate the technical challenges faced by the next-generation smart power grid, in this thesis, novel frameworks are developed for optimizing energy management and trading between power companies and grid consumers, who own renewable energy generators and storage units. The proposed frameworks explicitly account for the effect on demand-side energy management of various consumer-centric grid factors such as the stochastic renewable energy forecast, as well as the varying future valuation of stored energy. In addition, a novel approach is proposed to enhance the resilience of consumer-centric energy trading scenarios by analyzing how a power company can encourage its consumers to store energy, in order to supply the grid’s critical loads, in case of an emergency. The developed energy management mechanisms advance novel analytical tools from game theory, to capture the coupled actions and objectives of the grid actors and from the framework of prospect theory (PT), to capture the irrational behavior of consumers when faced with decision uncertainties. The studied PT and game-based solutions, obtained through analytical and algorithmic characterization, provide grid designers with key insights on the main drivers of each actor’s energy management decision. The ensuing results primarily characterize the difference in trading decisions between rational and irrational consumers, and its impact on energy management. The outcomes of this thesis will therefore allow power companies to design consumer-centric energy management programs that support the sustainable and resilient development of the smart grid by continuously matching supply and demand, and providing emergency energy reserves for critical infrastructure.Master of Science
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Sun, Yu. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Minimum Size 2-edge-connected Spanning Subgraph Problem." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24198.
Full textAbstract:
A graph is said to be 2-edge-connected if it remains connected after the deletion of any single edge. Given an unweighted bridgeless graph G with n vertices, the minimum size 2-edge-connected spanning subgraph problem (2EC) is that of finding a 2-edge-connected spanning subgraph of G with the minimum number of edges. This problem has important applications in the design of survivable networks. However, because
the problem is NP-hard, it is unlikely that efficient methods exist for solving it. Thus efficient methods that find solutions that are provably close to optimal are sought.
In this thesis, an approximation algorithm is presented for 2EC on bridgeless cubic graphs which guarantees to be within 5/4 of the optimal solution value, improving on the previous best proven approximation guarantee of 5/4+ε for this problem. We also focus on the linear programming (LP) relaxation of 2EC, which provides important lower bounds for 2EC in useful solution techniques like branch and bound. The “goodness” of this lower bound is measured by the integrality gap of the LP relaxation for 2EC, denoted by α2EC. Through a computational study, we find the exact value of α2EC for graphs with small n. Moreover, a significant improvement is found for the lower bound on the value of α2EC for bridgeless subcubic graphs, which improves the known best lower bound on α2EC from 9/8 to 8/7.
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Parborg, Sebastian, and Rasmus Holm. "Generative design of game graphics and levels." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149036.
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This thesis describes the implementation and evaluation of a modular approach for generating 2D side-scroller game levels from a procedurally generated 3D world. Manually generating large amounts of game levels can take considerable amounts of time, and it maybe desirable to automate this process, using procedural content generation. The problem with using procedural content generation is that it is hard to generate coherent game levels. We implement a modular pipeline which, given a set of heightmaps, generates a 3Dworld. From this world, 2D game levels are generated by pathing and extracting terrain features which influence the content in the game levels. The resulting 2D game levels will, using our approach, have a coherent and logical look. The game levels themselves do not contain any interesting gameplay. Instead they rely on a game level designer to add gameplay elements. The resulting modular implementation is considered a success, it proves that it is possible to generate 2D game levels from a procedurally generated 3Dworld, using the features of that world.
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Denbleyker, John Nickolas. "Comparing trend and gap statistics across tests: distributional change using ordinal methods and bayesian inference." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2856.
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The shortcomings of the proportion above cut (PAC) statistic used so prominently in the educational landscape renders it a very problematic measure for making correct inferences with student test data. The limitations of PAC-based statistics are more pronounced with cross-test comparisons due to their dependency on cut-score locations. A better alternative is using mean-based statistics that can translate to parametric effect-size measures. However, these statistics as well can be problematic. When Gaussian assumptions are not met, reasonable transformations of a score scale produce non-monotonic outcomes.
The present study develops a distribution-wide approach to summarize trend, gap, and gap trend (TGGT) measures. This approach counters the limitations of PAC-based measures and mean-based statistics in addition to addressing TGGT-related statistics in a manner more closely tied to both the data and questions regarding student achievement. This distribution-wide approach encompasses visual graphics such as percentile trend displays and probability-probability plots fashioned after Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve methodology. The latter is framed as the P-P plot framework that was proposed by Ho (2008) as a way to examine trends and gaps with more consideration given to questions of scale and policy decisions. The extension in this study involves three main components: (1) incorporating Bayesian inference, (2) using a multivariate structure for longitudinal data, and (3) accounting for measurement error at the individual level. The analysis is based on mathematical assessment data comprising Grade 3 to Grade 7 from a large Midwestern school district. Findings suggest that PP-based effect sizes provide a useful framework to measure aggregate test score change and achievement gaps. The distribution-wide perspective adds insight by examining both visually and numerically how trends and gaps are affected throughout the score distribution. Two notable findings using the PP-based effect sizes were (1) achievement gaps were very similar between the Focal and Audit test, and (2) trend measures were significantly larger for the Audit test. Additionally, measurement error corrections using the multivariate Bayesian CTT approach had effect sizes disattenuated from those based on observed scores. Also, the ordinal-based effect size statistics were generally larger than their parametric-based counterparts, and this disattenuation was practically equivalent to that seen by accounting for measurement error. Finally, the rank-based estimator of P(X>Y) via estimated true scores had smaller standard errors than for its parametric-based counterpart.
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Clum, Craig M. "Highway traffic noise barrier overlap gap model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1997. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177442958.
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Fenton, Benjamin A. "GAP Engineering to Restore GTP Hydrolysis to Oncogenic Kras Mutants." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1398812548.
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Hartley, Mitschka John. "Effects of Small-gap Timber Harvests on Songbird Community Composition and Site-fidelity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HartleyMJ2003.pdf.
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Glaß, Stefan [Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Mantl, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Wuttig. "Si/SiGe-based gate-normal tunneling field-effect transistors / Stefan Glaß ; Siegfried Mantl, Matthias Wuttig." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193181453/34.
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Li, Xiangyu. "Sound produced by a cavity-backed baffled piston with a large side-edge gap." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21207.
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Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.In previous works, baffled-piston with small ratio of piston radius a over the baffle wall aperture radius b, or say, small gap was discussed on subjects mainly focused on acoustics gains. In this thesis, we focus more on baffled-piston models with large gaps and find out what could be the difference these new models may have on the acoustic gains. First we introduce a general description about the original models and further develop it into cavity-backed models with either closed or open end on one side. We use finite difference approximation to evaluate the influential parameters L and lE on acoustic gain. Afterwards calculate and plot curves for gains in related with piston motion frequency f for closed and open cavity models with different configuration parameters with are a/b, b/L and ζ0/b and analyse them and compare with previous works.
2031-01-01
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Yan, Liang. "Characterisation of gate oxide and high-k dielectric reliability in strained si and sige cmos transistors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506541.
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Colson, Chelsea M. "Eye Gaze and Cortisol Levels in Socially Anxious Young Adults During an Interactive Real World Task." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/101.
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Social anxiety is a disorder where people fear social interactions and is associated with physiological changes. Eye tracking studies have shown that people with social anxiety spent more time gazing at emotional faces presented on a computer screen and spent more time gazing at the eye region. There has been limited studies on tracking eye gaze in a real-life setting interacting with another person. We used a wearable eye tracker during a brief one-on-one interview about participants’ challenges faced at work or school. Along with self-report psychological measures about social anxiety and shyness, we also measured participants’ salivary cortisol as a metric for physiological stress. We hypothesized that socially anxious individuals would have higher cortisol levels and spent more time gazing at the face. However, there was no change in cortisol levels before and after the interview. In addition, socially anxious individuals had lower cortisol levels than less anxious people. Furthermore, the time spent fixating on the region of interest (ROI), which was the face, was not correlated with social anxiety, anxiety or shyness. Paradoxically, the more socially anxious participants seem to have had a lower physiological stress response than less socially anxious participants.
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Ngai, Tat. "Gate dielectrics on strained SiGe." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110665.
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Daher, Ahmad Hasan Adbel-Rahim. "Gap management, size and risk of commercial banks." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18531059.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-150).
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Wen-HuiWnag and 王文暉. "Total-Site Heat Integratio Based on Game Theory." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82283446144704888345.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
101
Since, in a conventional heat exchanger network design, only the hot and cold streams within a single process can be matched, the maximum possible benefit of multi-plant heat integration in an industrial park may not be realizable with this approach. If inter-plant heat exchanges are permissible, then each plant may have to compete and, at the same time, cooperate with the other plants on site. In other words, although it is possible to reduce the overall operating cost by sharing heating and cooling utilities, each plant must also try to maximize its own financial gain. The presence of a stable equilibrium point in this situation hinges upon a suitable price model for energy trading. In this study, the transshipment model is modified according to game theory for the purpose of calculating the minimum hot and cold utility consumption rates of all plants, the best trade prices and also the corresponding inter-plant heat flows. On the basis of these results, a MILP model can then be formulated to minimize the total number of matches and to identify the heat duty of every match. Finally, two NLP models can be built accordingly to synthesize the optimal heat exchanger network and to compute the payments shared by plants involved in every inter-plant heat exchange.
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Lai, Kuan-Hung, and 賴冠宏. "Boron Penetration of the P+ poly-SiGe Gate." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/497xx3.
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碩士逢甲大學
電機工程所
90
In this thesis, the authors studied the effects of poly-SiGe gate MOS FET’s with in addition treatments. First, in order to improve the reliability and electrical properties, NH3-nitridation or N2O oxide were used on poly-SiGe gate. It was found that suppressing Boron penetration improved as nitrogen was incorporated into the SiO2/Si interface. Experimental results were shown that the improvement was attributed to incorporate nitrogen atoms pile-up near the SiO2/Si interface then form strong Si-N bond instead of weak Si-O bond. However, there were much hydrogen in NH3-nitridation oxide for poly-SiGe gate MOS FET’s. It was necessary to expel hydrogen after the NH3-nitridation oxide was formed. Secondly, how to trade of Boron penetration and gate depletion about poly-SiGe gate MOS FET’s activated different times. We found there were less Boron penetration for the poly-SiGe gate activated at 900℃ for 10 minutes. In the third part, studied on characteristics of poly-SiGe gates by changing Ge mole fraction. From the results, there were less Boron penetration for the poly-SiGe gate with 0.17 mole fraction Ge.