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Journal articles on the topic 'Garcinia kola'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

O., J. Kingsely, C. Nnaji J., and I. Ugwu B. "Biodisinfection and Coagulant Properties of Mixed Garcinia kola and Carica papaya Seeds Extract for Water Treatment." Chemical Science International Journal 19, no. 3 (2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/CSJI/2017/34041.

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<em>Garcinia kola</em> (Heckel) and <em>Carica papaya</em> (Linn.) seeds from ripe fruits were investigated for their disinfection and coagulation activity in water. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponins, flavonoid and tannins in both seeds. Physicochemical analysis of the water samples was determined before and after treatment with seed solutions. Results showed that mixed <em>Garcinia kola</em> and <em>Carica papaya</em> extracts had no significant effect (<em>P</em> > .05) on temperature, pH, conductivity and chloride but significantly reduced (<em>P</em

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2

Niwa, Masatake, Kenji Terashima, and Muhd Aqil. "Garcinol, a Novel Arylbenzofuran Derivative from Garcinia kola." HETEROCYCLES 36, no. 4 (1993): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-92-6291.

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3

Eboh, AS, RS Ogbomade, AUF Daminola, HO Okuroemi, and NN Igwele. "Garcinia kola extract (kolaviron) delays accelerated oxidation of linoleic acid." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 1, no. 3 (2020): 010–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4430222.

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Accelerated lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of garcinia kola extract (kolaviron) on linoleic acid was experimented. Linoleic acid was oxidized at 60 <sup>0</sup>C in the dark for 14 days in the absence and presence of <em>garcinia kola</em> extract (kolaviron) 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% as compared with α-tocopherol. The peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and p-anisidine value were determined. <em>Garcinia kola</em> extract (kolaviron) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the accelerated linoleic acid peroxidation and it was conc

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4

Happi Monthé Adelaïde Nathalie, Djoko Ernest, and Ngandeu Singwe Madeleine. "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Garcinia kola capsules on Gonarthrosis and low back pain." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 3, no. 1 (2022): 031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2022.3.1.0025.

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Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) commonly known as "Bitter cola", is a shrub from the forests of Central and East Africa. In Cameroon it is found in Mbam and Moungo divisions. Garcinia kola seeds are widely consumed by local populations, sometimes in search of a simple pleasure, sometimes in search of its multiple pharmacological properties. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and the tolerance of Garcinia kola capsules (BTK capsules *) on gonarthrosis and lumbago. A pilot study was carried out on 90 patients (68 women and 22 men). The patients were divide

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5

N, Nwachukwu I., Okafor J. U, Ihejirika C. E, and Chinakwe E. C. "Consequence of Anacardium occidentale and Garcinia kola Extracts on Sulphate Reducing Bacteria and Corrosion of Mild Steel." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 10 (2023): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2023.v08i10.001.

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The effect of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) leaf and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) seed extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) environment. Enrichment of SRB was achieved by anaerobic incubation of waste water sample from gutter along old market road Owerri, Imo State Nigeria in BmA medium and BmA medium without iron. Weight loss method was used to determine corrosion. The specific growth rate and cell biomass of SRB in batch culture was determined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were also

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6

Afolabi, B. T., G. C. Agu, and I. B. Onajobi. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (hackel) and Cola nitida (vent) extracts." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (2020): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.8.

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This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Garcina kola (Orogbo) and Cola nitida (Obi) extracts. Fresh seeds of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola were collected from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun State. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plants were used against selected test organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas euriginosa and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was adopted to test for susceptibility of the selected test bacteria to the extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimu

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7

Arhoghro Ejovwoke Marcellinus, Enebrayi Nelson Onitsha, and Jackson Borobuebi Okutu. "Protective effect of mixture of honey and Garcinia kola extract against cyclophosphamide–induced reproductive toxicity in male albino rats." World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research 2, no. 2 (2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0037.

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Cyclophosphamide is a widely used drug for the treatment of many human malignant tumors. This study evaluated the protective potentials of fresh honey and Garcinia kola extract against reproductive toxicity caused by Cyclophosphamide in male Wistar rat. Group A served as the negative control and were administered feed and normal saline (2 ml/kg bw) daily for six weeks by oral gavage. Group B served as positive control and received feed and Cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg bw) via injection after 24hrs was given normal saline for six weeks. Groups C, D and E received Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg bw) v

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8

DJOKO Ernest, LANTY Willy, NGANTCHOUKO Béranger, and TEKAM Jean Michel. "Development of Garcinia kola capsules." International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive 2, no. 1 (2021): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.1.0079.

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Garcinia kola usually referred to as "bitter cola" is a tree found in the rainforests. Many studies have revealed the properties of its seeds: antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, antidiabetic, antioxidant. In the West Region of Cameroon these seeds are mainly used against nausea and vomiting; unfortunately, the generalization or the widening of the use of these seeds encounters some problems: the production is seasonal (June to September), the plant only grows in a small area (the departments of Moungo and Mbam and Inougou), the long storage of the seeds is not poss

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9

Esiegwu, A. C., O. O. Emenalom, G. E. Enyenihi, I. C. Okoli, and A. B. I. Udedibie. "The performance and egg quality characteristics of layers fed diets containing graded levels of Garcinia kola seed meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 40, no. 2 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v40i2.1163.

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Effects of dietary Garcinia kola meal (bitter kola) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens were investigated. Four layers diets were made such that diet T0 (control) contained no Garcinia kola meal while diets T2.5, T5.0 and T7.5 contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% Garcinia kola meal, respectively. Each diet was fed to a group of 30 laying hens at 30 weeks of laying life for 84 days, using completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 10 hens each. The layers on T2.5 and T5.0 diets added significantly (P < 0.05) less bod

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10

Nicholas Chinedu Ewelike, Joy Chinyere Okammadu, Vincent Ezechukwu Ogwudire, and Raymond Ikechukwu Nnadozie. "In-vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) and Garcinia kola (Bitter kola)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 03 (2021): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0092.

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Methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) were studied for in-vitro microbial activity using the disc diffusion technique. The aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans but showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia. The methanolic leaf extract of Garcinia kola inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia while the aqueous extract of the leaf

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11

GOGO, ANYANWU CHIDIMMA, UKACHUKWU OLUCHI ASSUMPTA, and ANYA UGOCHI ESTHER. "A REVIEW ON THE IMPORTANCE AND ACCEPTABILITY OF GARCINIA KOLA." Quantum Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2025): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjoest.v6i1.166.

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Garcinia kola, commonly referred to as bitter kola, is a versatile plant native to West and Central Africa. Renowned for its medicinal properties, the plant is often termed a "wonder plant" due to the therapeutic uses of its various parts, particularly its seeds. These seeds are valued for their role in preventing and treating gastric disorders and their astringent taste. This review highlights the nutritional composition, phytochemical properties, and therapeutic potentials of Garcinia kola. Its bioactive compounds, such as biflavonoids, tannins, and saponins, contribute to its antimicrobial,

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12

Akunna, G. G., A. Freitas, V. Keikwe, C. A. Lucyann, and L. C. Saalu. "Economic Importance of Garcinia Kola: Evidences of Shielding Outcome Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Experimental Models." Journal of Innovations in Medical Research 2, no. 10 (2023): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jimr/2023.10.07.

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Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola) seeds on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 65-145g were randomly divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Group A (control) rats were orally administered with 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water daily for 2 weeks, group B rats were administered distilled water orally daily for 2 weeks (volume per body weight) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 0.4 m1/kg intraperitonially as a single application on day 14

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13

Ibekwe, H. A., A. D. Essien, A. Essien, and S.O Akpet. "EFFECTS OF GARCINIA KOLA SEED POWDER ON SERUM LEVEL OF FSH, LH AND TESTOSTERONE OF MALE ALBINO RATS EXPOSED TO EXOGENOUS HORMONES ADMINISTRATION." Continental J. Animal and Veterinary Research 1 (June 25, 2009): 12–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.818001.

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The study was carried out to investigate the effect of <em>Garcinia kola</em> Seed Powder inclusions on serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, and testosterone of male albino rats exposed to exogenous hormone (Menotrophin and Testosterone) administration. The study investigated the adnohypophyseal-gonadal hormone interactions in male Albino rats administered with exogenous hormone while receiving doses of <em>Garcinia kola</em> seed powder. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase one was the administration of exogenous hormones (Menotrophin and Testosterone)

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14

Niwa, Masatake, Kenji Terashima, Tomoyuki Shimamura, Miho Tanabayashi, Mohammad Aqil, and John A. Akinniyi. "Constituents of the Seeds of Garcinia kola : Two New Antioxidants, Garcinoic Acid and Garcinal." HETEROCYCLES 45, no. 8 (1997): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-97-7854.

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15

Akintan, C. I., A. O. Akintan, O. O. Sobola, and L. A. Akomolede. "Growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant to natural shade in a rainforest environment of Nigeria." Agro-Science 21, no. 2 (2022): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v21i2.16.

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Sustainable production of Garcinia kola can be achieved through the establishment of its plantation with the right silvicultural requirements. The growth response of Garcinia kola (Heckel) plant under a Tectona grandis L. plantation and open field was studied for three years. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving three replicates per treatment. The treatments were shade from Tectona grandis (Teak) and control (open field without shade where fresh clear-felling/harvesting of Tectona grandis (Teak) has just been carried out). Measurement of treatment

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16

Ibrahim, Kasimu Ghandi, Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina, and Amina Yusuf Jega. "<i>Garcinia kola</i>: A scoping review of its benefits in cardiometabolic health." Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science 9, no. 2 (2024): 185–96. https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjmls.v9i2.22.

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Cardiometabolic disorders encompass a cluster of prevalent yet preventable conditions, such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and stroke. There is a worldwide surge in the prevalence of individuals who encounter one or more of these illnesses in their lives. Immediate public health actions are required to improve lifestyle behaviours and reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease among young and old adults. Numerous plants are conventionally used to treat cardiometabolic conditions. The seeds, stem bark, and roots of Garcinia kola are co

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17

Okolonkwo, Benjamin Nnamdi, Godspower Ikechi Achi, Erasmus Martha A, et al. "Effect of Garcinia Kola in Ivermectin-Induced Toxicity in the Hematology of Treated Rats (Rattus Novergicus)." Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 16, no. 7 (2024): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i7395.

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Garcinia kola (GK) is prized in African herbal medicine for its diverse uses, including social, economic, and medicinal purposes. This study examined the dose-dependent toxicity of ivermectin and the protective effects of Garcinia kola extract on the hematological parameters of Wistar rats. A total of 32 Wistar Rats (120 – 150g) were randomly chosen from PAMO University of Medical Sciences' Animal House. They were acclimatized for two weeks. Divided into 4 main groups (A, B, C, D), which were further subdivided into 2 subgroups each (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2) with each subgroup contai

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18

Terashima, Kenji, Yoshiaki Takaya, and Masatake Niwa. "Powerful antioxidative agents based on garcinoic acid from Garcinia kola." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 10, no. 5 (2002): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00428-x.

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19

Winful, Elizabeth, Olanikpekun Idowu, Opeoluwa O. Fasanya, and Nkechi E. Egbe. "Comparative studies of the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola on Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans in vitro." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 16, no. 1 (2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v16i1.7.

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Antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Although a wide range of chemotherapeutic antimicrobials are available for treatment of microbial related infections and diseases, development of resistance to these chemotherapeutic agents is rapidly on the increase. Extracts from some plants have shown some promise in antimicrobial activity. This has led to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola against Klebsiella p

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EYOG -MATIG, O. "GARCINIA KOLA HECKEL SEEDS DORMANCY-BREAKING." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 5, no. 1 (2007): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0501_063071.

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21

Madubunyi, Ifeanyi Innocent. "Antihepatotoxic principles of Garcinia kola seeds." Comparative Clinical Pathology 20, no. 5 (2010): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-1023-4.

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22

A. S., IBRAHIM, OMEJI, S, and OKOMODA, V.T. "Phytochemical Composition and Active Ingredients of Garcinia kola Extract Using Two Methods of Extraction the (Crude Ethanol and Aqueous Extract)." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 11 (2024): 538–42. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241154.

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Phytochemical composition and active ingredients of Garcinia kola extract using two methods of extraction (crude ethanol and aqueous extract) was conducted. Tannin was present in both the aqueous (+) and ethanol extracts (++) of the Garcinia kola qualitative phytochemical analysis. Both the ethanol (-) and aqueous (-) extracts lacked pflobatannins. In ethanol extracts (+), glycoside was detected but not found in aqueous (-). In the ethanol extract (-), saponin was not present, while it was present (++) in the aqueous extract. Comparing the aqueous extract to the ethanol extract counterpart, th

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23

Akiri-Obaroakpo, Tosan Mercy, Emmanuel Esosa Imarhiagbe, and Blessing Miesieyefa Offeh. "Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Hunteria umbellata extracts on bacterial isolates from consumed sachet water in Edo State, Nigeria." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Biologia 68, no. 1 (2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbiol.2023.1.02.

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"Water is an essential resource and its purity should not be negotiated when it comes to human consumption. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Hunteria umbellata seed and epicarp on some bacterial isolates from sachet water. Duplicate samples of ten brands of sachet water were purchased from sales outlets around Ugbowo community, Benin City. Plate count techniques, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were adopted in this investigation. Heterotrophic bacterial counts revealed highest range of 3.72±0.50x102 cfu/mL in EJ

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24

Ehi-Omosun, M. B., and S. E. Mukoro. "Effects of aqueous seed extract of <i>Garcinia kola</i> on spray paint-induced histological changes in the lungs of Wistar rats." Scientia Africana 23, no. 3 (2024): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i3.43.

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The most common cause of lung diseases among people with spray paint-related occupations is hydrocarbon poisoning which has significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous seed extract of Garcinia kola on spray paint-induced interstitial pneumonitis in the adult Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 240 g and 270 g were divided into five groups of six rats each. Animals in group A were placed on feed and water only. Animals in group B were exposed to 100 ml of spray paintfumes via inhalation. Animals in group C rece

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Yakubu, FB, JO Ogunade, OT Bolanle-Ojo, and DK Yahaya. "Effect of hormone on the seed germination of Garcinia kola Heckel." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (2015): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.26.

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Garcinia kola plays an important socioeconomic role in the Africa culture. Inspite of this, the plant only exists in the wild or as part of left over in the Agroforestry farms. Therefore, this research examined the phenology in seed germination for possible plantation establishment. G. kola seed dormancy and growth was investigated using hormone Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Benzene Amino Purine (BAP) application to induce quick germination and early growth The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments (0.5mg/ml BAP, 0.5mg/ml NAA, 1mg/ml BAP, 1mg/ml N

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Orum, T. G., T. T. Gilbert, J. O. Omirinde, et al. "Antibiofilm Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola against ‎Salmonella species in Greater Cane Rat (Thryonomys swinderianus, ‎Temmink 1827) from Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria." Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21, no. 1 (2024): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v21i1.420.

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Biofilms encompass a cluster of microorganisms encased in a slimy matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which imbibe antibiotic resistance. Salmonella specie is a major bacterial cause of food-borne diseases in both humans and animals. The prevalence of Salmonella species is increasing which may form biofilm, and bacteria that form biofilm may be more resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study is intended to determine the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella species among greater cane rats and carry out the biofilm formation of isolated Salmonella species

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Okiki, Pius A., Abidemi R. Idowu, Olayinka O. Idris, Iyadunni A. Anuoluwa, and Esther A. Ekundayo. "Assessment of Nutritional and Bioactive Components of Garcinia kola Chips." ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2, no. 1 (2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2022.0201.04-j.

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Garcinia kola otherwise known as bitter kola has been used in traditional African medicine for centuries, and is considered to have many beneficial properties. The study was aimed at assessing the nutritional and bioactive components of bitter kola chips. Freshly harvested seeds of Garcinia kola were purchased from local markets in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The seeds were thoroughly washed with clean water, de-husked, sliced and fast-dried at room temperature under high air current, to obtain bitter kola chips. The dried bitter kola chips were ground into fine powder using an electric blender. The f

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Alli, Smith Yemisi R. "Toxicological Effects of Saponin Extract from the Root of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola) on the Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rat Tissues." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 5, no. 3 (2018): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13908816.

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Toxicological assessment of any herbal medicine is to identify adverse effects and to determine limits of exposure level at which such effects occur. Assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters could be used to determine the extent of deleterious effect of foreign compound including plant extract on biological systems. <em>Garcinia kola </em>is a medicinal plant with immense benefits used in traditional medicine. The effect of administration of doses of saponin extract from the root of <em>Garcinia kola </em>on Alanine aminotransferae (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkali

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Olagunju John Olujobi, Ademola Ayodeji Omoyeni, Moyo Odunayo Ayotunde-Ojo, and Sarah Aanuoluwapo Akinniyi. "Production and socio-economic contribution of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) to people’s livelihood in Ifedore Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (2024): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56355/ijfrms.2024.3.1.0022.

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This study evaluates the production and socio-economic contribution of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) to the livelihood of the people in Ifedore Local Government, Ondo State. The study was conducted in six villages purposively selected in the Local Governments. A total of sixty pre-tested questionnaires were randomly administered to respondents in the study area. The study revealed that 37% of the respondents are above 50 years old while 42% and 58% are male and female respectively with 42% having primary education. The study also revealed that 48% of respondents operate farm sizes of between 11-

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Tordzagla, Nestor, Emmanuel Eddie Blay, and Baba Sulemana Mohammed. "Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, and safety profile of methanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed (bitter kola)." Investigational Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.31183/imcp.2025.00104.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is growing global health concerns and conventional treatments for diabetes present limitations, prompting exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Garcinia kola seed from the family Clusiaceae is known for its medicinal properties and it is used as a traditional medicine for antidiabetic management. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities as well as safety profile of the methanolic extract of Garcinia kola seeds. Methods: Antioxidant activity was conducted using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radi

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Humphrey, C. Nzelibe, and U. Okafoagu Caritas. "Optimization of ethanol production from Garcinia kola (bitter kola) pulp agrowaste." African Journal of Biotechnology 6, no. 17 (2007): 2033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2007.000-2314.

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Ojo, F. T. "An Investigation of the Effect of Garcina kola (Heckel) and Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. on Sperm Motility with Two Vital Organs of Male Wistar Rats." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 14, no. 7 (2024): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/333.

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A total number of 30 Wistar rats were used for the experiment and acclimatized for two weeks prior to the commencement of the consumption of the seeds (Garcinia kola and Cola nitida). The rats were grouped into four (4) groups A, B C and D. Group A serves as the control having just 5rats which were fed with feeds without any treatment. Group B contained 15 rats feed with Garcinia kola seeds orally and the rats in this group were sub divided into 3 sub-groups having 5 rats each which were feed varying amounts of Garcinia kola seeds in 25kg, 50kg and 75kg concentration per subgroup. These same p

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Nicholas, Chinedu Ewelike, Chinyere Okammadu Joy, Ezechukwu Ogwudire Vincent, and Ikechukwu Nnadozie Raymond. "In-vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) and Garcinia kola (Bitter kola)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2021): 249–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4664612.

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Methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of <em>Chrysophyllum albidum</em> (African star apple) and <em>Garcinia kola</em> (bitter kola) were studied for <em>in-vitro</em> microbial activity using the disc diffusion technique. The aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of <em>Chrysophyllum albidum</em> showed antimicrobial activity against <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> but showed no antibacterial activity against <em>Klebsiella pneumonia.</em> The methanolic leaf extract of <em

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Ukaoma, A. A., R. I. Okechukwu, V. O. Ukaoma, and M. Iwuagwu. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia kola." Journal of Phytopharmacology 2, no. 1-3 (2013): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2013.21306.

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Extract of bark, seed and root of Garcinia kola were used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extract as well as determine which extract is most effective. Methanol and ethanol were used for the extraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; mg/ml) of the extract as well as zones of inhibition of the extract were determined. Results show that the extracts from bark of Garcinia kola contain higher % Saponins (3.2±0.04), while the root contain higher % of phenol (0.44±0.11). Bark extract of Garcinia kola was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas auraginosa, Eshe

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Guedje, N. M., and R. Fankap. "Utilisations traditionnelles de Garcinia lucida et Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) au Cameroun." Systematics and Geography of Plants 71, no. 2 (2001): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668714.

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B., Jones Orock, Henry Blackwell J., Ortin Yannick, and Evans Paul. "Extraction, purification and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignment of garcinoic acid from Garcinia kola (bitter kola) fruit." African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 12, no. 5 (2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2018.0752.

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Ibekwe, H. A., I.A. Akpan, and P. M. Bikom. "EFFECT OF GRADED DOSES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF GARCINA KOLA SEEDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS." Continental J. Animal and Veterinary Research 1 (June 25, 2009): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.817996.

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This study on the effects of graded doses of aqueous extract of <em>Garcina kola</em> seeds on growth performance and haematological response of broiler chicks was carried out to investigate the effects of different dosage regimen of the extract on growth performance and haematological indices of body homeostasis. A total of 30 broilers Chicks of anak 2000 strain were assigned into 3 treatment groups of ten birds each. Group A (control) received 0.0ml of aqueous extract of <em>Garcina kola</em> seeds / kg body mass of bird. Group B and C received1.0 and 2.0 ml extract of <em>Garcina kola</em>

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Vincent, Nwalieji Okafor, Willson Okafor Ugochukwu, and Nwakego Ezem Stella. "Metabolites Composition of Garcinia kola Extract as Potential Substitute for Isomerized Hop Extract in Beer Brewing." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 5 (2017): 153–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13951054.

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The potential of methanoilc extract of <em>Garcinia kola </em>(bitter cola) as substitute for isomerized hop extract in beer brewing was evaluated. The number of metabolites in each extract was investigated using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique. The relative proportion of each metabolite in the two extracts was investigated using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The TLC results revealed that the extract of G. kola contains 12 metabolites while isomerized hop extract contains 14 metabolites. The GCMS results were in agreement with the results of the TLC with respect to

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Unigwe, C.R., and P.E. Nwakpu. "EFFECT OF INGESTION OF GARCINIA KOLA SEED ON ERYTHROCYTES IN RABBITS." Continental J. Veterinary Sciences 3`, no. 1 (2009): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7317619.

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The aim of the study is to investigate the effect on RBC of ground untreated Garcinia kola seed in rabbits. Twenty four unsexed rabbits with average weight of 842.62+ 57.5g and aged between 42 and 49 days were randomly assigned to four treatments of T1 (control, no bitter kola) T2 (1g bitter kola/kg body weight), T3 (2g bitter kola/kg body weight) and T4(3g bitter kola/kg body weight) in a completely randomized design. Each of the treatments was replicated thrice with two rabbits per replicate. They were given graded levels of bitter kola treatments for four out of seven days weekly for 12 wee

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Olaniyi, CO. "Nutrition and reproductive performance of African catfish fed bitter kola (Garcinia kolal)." International Journal of Aquaculture and Fishery Sciences 6, no. 1 (2020): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-8400.000049.

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J., C. Nnaji, J. Kingsely O., and I. Ugwu B. "Assessment of Garcinia kola seed as a natural material for water treatment." Chemistry International 3, no. 4 (2017): 452–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1473385.

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The coagulation and antimicrobial efficiency of Garcinia kola at different concentrations on turbid surface water samples collected from Ogbor Hill River in Aba was studied. Phytochemical analysis showed alkaloid content of 2.11±0.04% while saponin, flavonoid and tannin contents were 0.34±0.04%, 2.16±0.03% and 0.14±0.02%, respectively. Phenol content was 1.65±0.01%. The physicochemical and microbial analysis indicated that the water sample had temperature of 30.5±0.10 ℃, pH of 7.4±0.20, total dissolved solids of 161.54±1.13 mg/L, turbidit

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Ebenebe, C. I., C. L. Chiedu, O. C. Nwagbata, and O. C. Ogbu. "Growth performance, organ weight and histology of rabbits fed graded levels of bitter kola (Gracinia kola)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 1 (2020): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i1.338.

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The effect of varying levels (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) of Garcinia kola on the carcass, organ weight and growth performance of growing rabbits were investigated using twenty four rabbits of mixed breed (New Zealand white and Chinchilla) and mixed sexes of average weight1+ 0.49kg. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments comprising Garcinia kola: T1 (0%), T2 (2.5%), T3 (5%) and T4 (7.5%) for 56 day period of the experiment. The experiment was based on Completely Randomized Design with each treatment having six rabbits in three replicates of two rabbits per replicate. During t

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Abiodun, Moses Oluwaseun, Leonard Chikwado Onyenweife, and Anthony Obinna Ekesiobi. "Exploring the in-vitro and in-vivo trapanosomal Activities of Gacinia kola (Bitter kola) Seed Aqueous Extract using Animal Models." ABUAD International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4, no. 2 (2025): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.53982/aijnas.2024.0402.14-j.

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Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a significant disease of economic and public health importance caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects humans. In 2014, WHO stated that 300,000 cases were reported to be diagnose and treated, and others died or lived with a disability based on the non-availability of the novel drugs, high toxicity, and development of resistance to the drug by the parasite. Therefore, using plant extract is fast becoming the choice for treating the disease. This study investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo trypanosomal activities of Garcinia kola (Bitte

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Terashima, Kenji, Yoshiaki Takaya, and Masatake Niwa. "ChemInform Abstract: Powerful Antioxidative Agents Based on Garcinoic Acid from Garcinia kola." ChemInform 33, no. 21 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200221179.

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Ajike, E. E., A. N. Lebe, E. C. Nwaokorongwu, K. D. Ogwo, and C. Y. Ahamefula. "Inhibitive properties of <i>Garcinia kola</i> (GK) in alkaline medium of aluminum alloy (AA4007)." Nigerian Journal of Technology 43, no. 2 (2024): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i2.10.

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The application of corrosion inhibitors is a more effective strategy tomitigate the impacts of aluminum corrosion. Phytochemical analysis, gravimetric technique, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the inhibitory potentials of Garcinia kola aqueous leave extract for the corrosion of aluminum alloy (AA4007) in 1 M NAOH. The highest inhibition efficiency obtained was 98.5%. The result from the analyses collaborated that the leaf extract is a good inhibitor. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm is in agreement that the inh

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Coker, Ayomide Afolabi, Adebusuyi Akande Ademisoye, and Julius Olugbenga Soyinka. "Effect of Garcinia kola Consumption on the Blood Pressure of Normotensive Individuals." Journal of Biochemicals and Phytomedicine 3, no. 2 (2024): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.34172/jbp.2024.21.

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Introduction: Garcinia kola, commonly known as bitter kola, has been widely used in traditional African medicine for its therapeutic properties. It is particularly recognized for its potential antihypertensive effects, as demonstrated in animal studies, notably in Wistar rats. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral G. kola consumption on the blood pressure of normotensive individuals. Methods: A single-arm, non-randomized repeated-measures study was conducted with 22 normotensive participants aged 18–50 years. Each participant consumed 15 g of G. kola daily for two consecutive days.

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L.A, Osagiede, Odita N.G, and Akawo N.O. "Phytochemical screening and proximate composition of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) and oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) syrup." Science Archives 04, no. 03 (2023): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47587/sa.2023.4301.

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The rising cases of diet-related diseases such as obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer have stimulated interest in the use of plant-based food as an alternative to synthetic food. G. kola and palm syrup are plant-based food with proven nutritional and health benefits. In the present study, phytochemical and proximate analysis of (Elaies guineensis) syrup, bitter kola Garcinia kola). Preliminary phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and mineral analysis were conducted. The aqueous extracts of palm syrup, cola seeds and their

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Fatokun, Bamidele O., Kehinde O. Babatunde, and Oluwayemisi O. Babatunde. "Changes in serum lipid profiles of weaner rabbits fed diets fortified with processed Garcinia kola seed." AROC in Agriculture 1, no. 1 (2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53858/arocagr01014147.

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Background: A fifty-six (56) day experiment was conducted at the small animal experimental unit of Federal College of Wildlife Management, New-Bussa, Niger State to determine the effect of fortifying the feed of weaned rabbits with graded levels of Garcinia kola (G. kola). Methods: Forty unsexed New-Zealand white rabbits weighing between 0.90-0.92kg used for this experiment were randomly distributed into five dietary treatments tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental rabbits were fed with Iso-Caloric and Iso-Nitrogenous diets that are rich in l

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Origbemisoye, Babawande A., Sunday A. Malomo, and Beatrice O. Ifesan. "Impact of Processing and Extraction Methods on the Phytochemical Composition of Garcinia Kola Stem Bark and Stone Breaker Leaves." Asian Food Science Journal 24, no. 1 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2025/v24i1763.

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This study investigates the effects of three processing methods; blanching, drying, and fermentation on the phytochemical properties of Garcinia kola stem bark and stone breaker leaves, both of which are traditionally used in medicine. The primary aim was to evaluate how these processing techniques enhance the phytochemical profiles of these plant materials and to determine the most effective extraction method for retaining their beneficial properties, particularly for cardiovascular health. The contents of saponins, flavonoids, oxalates, phytates, tannins, and phenolic compounds in aqueous an

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Mike Osagie, Odigie. "Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Bitter Kola (Garcinia Kola) Seed Extract On Wistar Rats." Journal of Medicine Study & Research 3, no. 1 (2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/msr-5657/100013.

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