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Academic literature on the topic 'Garlic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Garlic"

1

Ima Dudin, Muhammad Dika, Agung Suryawan Wiranatha, and Cokorda Anom Bayu Sadyasmara. "Simulasi Model Sistem Dinamik Ketersediaan Bawang Putih (Allium sativum, L.) di Provinsi Bali." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2020.v08.i01.p12.

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The demand of garlics in Bali is considerably high and exceed the capability of farmers in Bali to produce garlics. Therefore garlics were supplied from other islands of Indonesia. Demand of garlics will increase along with the increasing number of population and the number of foods industry. The aims of this research were to determine the factors that affect demand and supply garlic, to analyze the stock of garlics, and policy recommendations which can be implemented to provide sufficient garlics in Bali, therefore the price will remain stable. This research was conducted in Bali Province using a system dynamics modelling, with the length of simulation period from 2012 to 2024. The research results showed the factors that affected of garlic stock in Bali were the production of garlics, demand of garlics, inter island supply and price. Further, the simulation results showed that the production of garlics in Bali wasn’t able to fulfill the demand of garlics therefore it affected the price. So, it requires inter-island supply to stabilize price and to fulfill the demand of garlics. Based on some simulation scenarios, the most effective policy could be developed in order to minimize inter-island supply and stabilize prices is through increasing garlic planting area of 35%/year and increasing land productivity of garlic plantation of 5 ton/year. Keywords: system dynamics, availability of garlic, Bali Province.

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Liang, Cai Yun, Jian Xiong, and Jun Ye. "Study on Storage Conditions of Greening of Garlic Purees." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.290.

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Garlic puree turns green easily during the storage. And temperature is one of the greatest affects on degree of greening of garlic puree. The greening of garlic purees was evaluated by sensory analysis. It showed that 35°C was the best temperature to prevent garlic from greening. At the same storage time, different kinds of garlics were at different degree of greening. Organic garlic didn’t show absolutely advantage at preventing garlic from greening.

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Havey, Michael J., and Yul-Kyun Ahn. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Indel Markers from the Transcriptome of Garlic." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 1 (January 2016): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.141.1.62.

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Garlic (Allium sativum) is cultivated worldwide and appreciated for its culinary uses. In spite of primarily being asexually propagated, garlic shows great morphological variation and adaptability to diverse production environments. Molecular markers and phenotypic characteristics have been used to assess the genetic diversity among garlics. In this study, we undertook transcriptome sequencing from a single garlic plant to identify molecular markers in expressed regions of the garlic genome. Garlic sequences were assembled and selected if they were similar to monomorphic sequences from a doubled haploid (DH) of onion (Allium cepa). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion–deletion (indel) events were identified in 4355 independent garlic assemblies. A sample of the indels was verified using the original complementary DNA (cDNA) library and genomics DNAs from diverse garlics, and segregations confirmed by sexual progenies of garlic. These molecular markers from the garlic transcriptome should be useful for estimates of genetic diversity, identification and removal of duplicate accessions from germplasm collections, and the development of a detailed genetic map of this important vegetable crop.

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Matsuse, Kanako, Sho Hirata, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Tetsuya Nakajima, Yoshihito Iuchi, Satoshi Kambayashi, Masaru Okuda, Kimiko Kazumura, Benya Manochai, and Masayoshi Shigyo. "Comparative Studies of Bioactivities and Chemical Components in Fresh and Black Garlics." Molecules 29, no. 10 (May 11, 2024): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102258.

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To investigate the bioactivities of fresh garlic and its processed product, black garlic, we conducted comparative analyses of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, innate immune activation, and anti-cancer activities in addition to the chemical composition (sugar, amino acid, and polyphenol contents) of these materials. Simultaneous assay using neutrophil-like cells showed that fresh garlic exhibited antioxidant and innate immunostimulatory activities, whereas black garlic displayed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The antioxidant activity index was correlated with phenol and flavonoid contents, while the innate immunostimulatory activity was correlated with fructan content. Furthermore, some black garlics with low fructose content were found to inhibit the proliferation of UM-UC-3 cancer cells, while other black garlics rich in fructose increased UM-UC-3 cell proliferation. It was shown that the processing of fresh garlic could change the composition of sugars, antioxidants, and amino acids, which have different effects on neutrophil-like cells and UM-UC-3 cells, as well as on bioactivities.

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Choi, Sun-Tay, Ro-Na Bae*, Dae-Sung Chung, and Seung-Koo Lee. "Effects of Storage Conditions on Postharvest Qualities in Garlic Bulbs (Allium sativum L.)." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 805C—805. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.805c.

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To investigate quality changes of garlic associated with cultivars and storage conditions, northern type `Seosan' and sub-tropical type `Daeseo' garlics were stored at controlled atmosphere (O2 3%, CO2 5%, -1 ± 1°C) condition, low temperature (-1 ± 1°C), and room temperature (20 ± 5°C). The rate of sprouting, weight loss, enzymatic pyruvic acid content, and degree of greening in crushed garlic were determined during storage. The rate of sprouting was higher in `Daeseo' than in `Seosan' garlic in all storage conditions. Sprouting was effectively suppressed in low temperature and controlled atmosphere storage. Weight loss in `Daeseo' garlic was higher than in `Seosan' garlic. Enzymatic pyruvic acid (EP) contents increased for 3 months storage period, and then decreased gradually as the storage period was prolonged at room or low temperatures. However, EP content decreased dramatically during storage under CA condition in both cultivars. When garlic bulbs were crushed, greening appeared in the garlic stored at low temperature for more than one month. However, greening did not occur in the crushed garlic bulbs stored in CA condition.

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Krisnawan, Alfian Hendra, Ryanto Budiono, Albina Natarika, Arum Mirani, and Novia Andarini. "The Effects of Processing Time on the Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Multi Bulb and Single Bulb Black Garlic." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan 33, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2022.33.1.69.

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Black garlic is produced by processing multi-bulb garlic (Allium sativum) or single-bulb garlic in high temperature and high humidity for several days. Black garlic has many health benefits, such as an antioxidant activity resulting from its compound, including groups of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to analyze the effect of aging time on multi-bulb and single-bulb black garlic on the content of total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity. Black garlic was processed at a 60-70°C heating temperature and 70-80% relative humidity for 25 days. Determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents was conducted using spectrophotometric methods with gallic acid as a standard of total phenolic and quercetin as a standard of flavonoid, while the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical reduction. The results showed that total phenolic contents (% w/w GAE), flavonoids contents (% w/w QE), and EC50 values at 0 until day 25 increased on a particular day in multi-bulb and single-bulb black garlic. The optimal total phenolic content of both black garlic was obtained by heating for 20 days, flavonoid content of multi-bulb garlic for 10 days, and single-bulb black garlic for 15 days. Highest antioxidant activity was obtained on days 20 and 25 for single-bulb black garlic and multi-bulb black garlic, respectively. The aging time of black garlic affects total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. In general, longer processing time caused an increase in the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of both black garlics. Multi-bulb black garlic showed higher phenolic or flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than single-bulb black garlic.

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Huynh, Khanh Duy, Van Thinh Pham, Van Khang Tran, Hoang Danh Pham, and Tri Nhut Pham. "Polyphenol, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of the Garlic (<i>Allium sativum </i>L.) Extract Obtained by Two Different Extraction Processes." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.493.

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Garlic is a globally used spice due to its pungent taste and a fishy deodorant and digestive stimulator. Owing to the widespread use of garlic in both Oriental and Western medicine, further investigations on garlic extracts might carry important implications in the industry. In this study, we conducted extraction of garlic extraction by two conventional methods and an ultrasonic assisted method. The processes were optimized with respect to various quality parameters including polyphenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that extracting garlic under the ultrasonic support will show higher efficiency than the non-ultrasonic extraction. The optimal extraction parameters are: 70% ethanol solvent, 10/1 solvent / material ratio, 40 °C temperature and 40 minutes time. Keywords: Allium Sativum L., Garic, Polyphenol, Flavonoid, Antioxidant

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Moniharapon, Debby, and Maria Nindatu. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK AIR BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis PADA TANAMAN KUBIS." BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 2, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol2issue1page1-7.

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Background: Garcil (Allium sativum) is an important commodity and has high economic value in Indonesia.Studies have been using water extracts of garcil as larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis in august –september 2014. This study aimed to determine the effect of water extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) on mortality of larvae on cabbage plants Crocidolomia binotalis. Methods: This study was an experimental study, using a rando mized block design (RBD), using the control group, and treatment concentraction of water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum). Concentration ranging from 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% with observation for 24 hours. Data effect of aqueous extract of garlic is effective against larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis analyzed by real difference test (LSD) and the determination of the value of LC50, using SPSS. Result: The results showed the water extract of garlic is effective for larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis is the concentration of 6% and of probit analysis LC50 values of 4,632%. Conclusion: Concentration of 4,632% aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) can kill larvae Crocidolomia binotalis after administration of the extract and observation for 24 hours

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Cahyaningrum, Ika, and Errick Endra Cita. "Pengendalian Tekanan Darah dengan Black Garlic Varian Bawang Lanang pada Pasien Hipertensi." Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim Jambi 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jab.v11i2.581.

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Cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in the world. Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to control and treat hypertension are very important so as not to cause complications. Hypertension control can be done with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. One of the non-pharmacological therapies is black garlic therapy with solo garlic variant. The type of research used is pre experimental with a one-group pretest and post-test design. Researchers analyzed the respondents' blood pressure before and after being given black garlic variant solo garlic therapy for 14 days. The research was carried out in the working area of the Gedangan Village Health Center, Malang Regency from March to June 2022. The population in this study were patients with hypertension in the working area of the Gedangan Health Center. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling with a total sampling of 20 samples. Analysis of the data used by using the paired t test. The results showed that there were differences in blood pressure values after consuming black garlic variants of garlic (systole -value 0.000, diastole -value 0.014). The hope is that the public can use non-pharmacological black garlic therapy, especially the solo garlick variant, as a complementary therapy in controlling blood pressure.

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Khaririyatun, Nur, Yusuf, Tulus Fernando Silitonga, Helmi Kurniawan, and Hadis Jayanti. "Farmers’ Preferences on the Quality of Local Garlic Varieties from Bali Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1364, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012045.

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Abstract The objective of this research was to identify local varieties of garlic that are preferred by customers. The research was conducted in Tabanan Bali from July to October 2021. The methodology was used a combination of demonstration plots and Participatory Research. In the demonstration plot, local varieties of garlic were planted, consisting of 4 varieties of local garlics from Indonesia, namely Kesuna Kayu, Sangga Sembalun, Lumbu Putih, and Lumbu Kuning. The demonstration plot was created for an observation plot for garlics customers, including farmers, traders, and housewives. They participated in implementing Participatory Research to determine their preferences for local garlic varieties of garlic in the demonstration plot. Respondents who participated in this preference test included 28 farmers, 4 traders, and 12 housewives. Each respondent assesses the preference for the predetermined attributes. Farmers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, cloves size, cloves shape, bulbs colour, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, harvest time and production/yield. Traders assess garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, clove diameter, aroma, skin thickness outside bulbs, easy to peel and easy to grind (to make pasta). Housewives’ consumers assessed garlic attributes in terms of the number of cloves per bulb, bulbs size, bulbs shape, bulbs colour, bulbs diameter, clove size, clove shape, clove colour, aroma, easy to peel, and easy to grind (to make pasta). Rating based on the Likert scale, namely: like very much (score 5), like (score 4), normal (score 3), do not like (score 2), and really do not like (score 1). Based on the results of data analysis, the results obtained are: Kesuna Kayu, as a local Balinese variety, is the first ranked (4.19), followed by Sangga Sembalun (3.81), Lumbu Kuning (3.38), and Lumbu Putih (3.17), respectively.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Garlic"

1

Liu, X. Q. (Xingquan). "Differentiation of garlic viruses." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63286.

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Apawu, Aaron Kwaku. "Reversed-Phase HPLC Determination of Alliin in Diverse Varieties of Fresh Garlic and Commercial Garlic Products." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1803.

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Alliin is a predominant flavor precursor in garlic cloves. It interacts with the enzyme alliinase when garlic cloves are crushed, cut, or chewed to produce allicin, an unstable thiosulfinate that is the main biologically active component of fresh crushed garlic. Biological functions and health benefits of garlic include reduction of cancer risk in humans, improving immune system, and anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-hypertensive activities. The quality of fresh garlic and garlic products is usually related to its alliin content and allicin release potential. This research presents a simple, rapid, and precise HPLC method for alliin determination. It involves the use of 30:70% methanol: water and 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate mobile phase composition, C18 5 μm disc column of size 3.9 x 150 μm, and detector set at 210 nm. The method showed good reproducibility with 0.56%-4.11% relative standard deviations, a linear response of peak area to alliin concentration of 0.4 ng/mL-80 ng/mL, and average recovery of 93.5%-101%. Determination of alliin in eight garlic samples indicated the highest amount in garlic tablet that was expected. The method presented is economical and efficient and can be used in alliin determination. The method gave a satisfactory chromatograms with methanol-hydrochloric acid extract but not with hot water extract.

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Smith, Nicola Jane. "Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism by garlic." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247381.

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Malungane, Molebatsi Mlungisi Florah. "Effect of crude extracts of tulbaghia violacea (wild garlic) on growth of tomato and supression of meloidogyne species." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1394.

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Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014
The management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has become a challenging task in tomato (Solanum lycorpesicum) production, due to the withdrawal of effective chemical nematicides. Currently, crude extracts of different plant species are being researched as alternative to chemical nematicides, with promising results. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crude extracts of wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea) on the growth of tomato under greenhouse conditions, and the suppression of M. incognita race 2 population densities. Treatments consisted of four levels of crude extracts viz. 0, 2, 4 and 8 g per pot, were arranged in a randomised complete block design with 10 replicates. Seedlings were inoculated with 1000 juveniles of M. incognita race 2 at transplanting and treated with crude extracts two days later. At 56 days, the crude extract of T. violacea increased plant height, stem diameter, number of cluster, flowers, fruits and leaves by 43-73%, 108-200%, 57-81%, 55-110%, 170-223% and 51-66%, respectively. It also increased the root mass and shoot mass by 95% and 96%, respectively. Crude extracts of T. violacea did not have any effect on soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Crude extracts of T. violacea consistently reduced population densities of M. incognita race 2 by 50, 64 and 73% in roots at 2, 4 and 8 g crude extracts, respectively and by 21, 30 and 58% in soil at similar levels, respectively. In conclusion, crude extracts of T. violacea have the potential to improve growth of tomato plants and suppress population densities of M. incognita race 2 and could be used as botanical nematicide in tomato production.

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Ross, Zara M. "Modes of action of antimicrobial garlic derivatives." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88279.

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Yii, Ivy Siew Aing. "Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation: Garlic Essential Oil Recovery." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/73545.

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Garlic essential oil possesses several desired pharmacological effects. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) was adopted as to reduce the extraction period and improve extraction yield. The antimicrobial properties of the extracted essential oils were analysed and a rigorous fundamental model was developed to represent the process. The results showed that the MAHD combined with water-ethanol solvent can increase the extraction rate, shorten the extraction period and maintain the antimicrobial property of the garlic oil.

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Skyrme, David Andrew. "An investigation into the anti-microbial activity of Allium sativum." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244224.

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Mudziwa, Nyengedzeni. "Yield and quality responses of Egyptian white garlic (Allium sativum L.) and wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea Harv.) to nitrogen nutrition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28945.

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Allium sativum and Tulbaghia violacea are some of the most important medicinal plants used by South African traditional healers for the treatment of flu, fever, cold, tuberculosis, asthma and many more diseases. However, growth, yield and quality are constrained by excessive and under fertilization. This study was carried out to determine, firstly, the effect of N source (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on yield and quality of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Secondly, to determine the best season for harvesting T. violacea and lastly, to determine the antifungal effects of A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts against plant pathogens Altenaria solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Both plants were treated with both N sources applied as topdressing treatments at a total of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1, divided into three applications at three week (A. sativum) and three month (T. violacea) intervals. A. sativum plants were sampled at 54, 82, 112, 140 and 175 days after planting (DAP) while, T. violacea plants were sampled monthly for ten months. Parameters recorded were growth analysis, yield and bioactivity for both plant species. Both nitrogen sources improved plant growth and yield of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Calcium nitrate at 150 kg•ha-1 and ammonium sulphate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest at 24 t•ha-1 and 27 t•ha-1, respectively. Ammonium sulphate improved bioactivity of leaves with the highest bioactivity recorded at 82 and 112 DAP. Yield obtained from the autumn harvest was not affected by N source. Ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest yields of 23.6 t•ha-1 and 23.5 t•ha-1, respectively. In contrast, yield obtained from the winter harvest was affected by N source at 200 kg•ha-1, with significantly better yield of 30.8 t•ha-1 with calcium nitrate compared to 27.4 t•ha-1 with ammonium sulphate. Crude extracts of T. violacea bulbs that were treated with ammonium sulphate significantly inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, whereas extracts from plants treated with calcium nitrate showed low bioactivity. Extracts from plants grown with ammonium sulphate at 100 kg•ha-1 were more effective in controlling growth of plant pathogens when compared to other N levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects of A. sativum against S. rolfsii and A. solani were at 0.01 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts against A. solani was at 0.006 mg•mL^{-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts were better than previously reported in literature. Therefore, A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts can be used as fungicides against S. rolfsii and A. solani diseases for crops such as tomato and potato.
Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Murwira, Epifania. "Contract farming in Zimbabwe : the Mutasa garlic project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95627.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Contract farming is being given renewed attention on the African continent in the wake of reduced public expenditure for credit programmes. Many African countries have recognised the potential of contract farming in linking farmers to viable markets and stimulating agricultural production in the face of globalisation. In Zimbabwe prior to 1998, smallholder farmers were poorly integrated in the cash economy and had extremely low incomes, largely due to poor access to productivity-enhancing inputs. Small-scale farmers were marginalised as the economy focused on the larger commercial farms. Currently, mainstream banks have been unable to provide funding due to their own capital inadequacy and the view that smallholder farming is a risky and unprofitable sector. There is also a shift in roles as the government moves from direct participation in agricultural production and marketing towards facilitation, legislation and enforcement. The private sector is now participating more actively in the agricultural sector, providing credit to smallholder farmers. This research seeks to better understand the partnership between private and public sector players in Zimbabwe’s agricultural credit programmes, through a study of Leo Marketing and the Zimbabwe Agricultural Market Development initiative called the Agricultural Input Supply Programme (AISP). In this research, the Mutasa Garlic Project, implemented by the AISP, has been analysed to achieve the objective. One hundred smallholder farmers have been contracted to commercially produce garlic in the Mutasa district. Using a sample of 20 farmers, the study examined how this financing model contributes to improved access to productivity-enhancing inputs, viable markets and technical expertise for the farmers. The analysis indicates that farmers have access to inputs but the model still needs improvement in distributing them efficiently to ensure that all farmers have their inputs in time for the planting season. Marketing and extension services in the project are operating well. The study reveals that there is potential for growth in the number of farmers contracted to the programme. As the contracting model continues to improve, the same model can be used for similar projects in surrounding districts.

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Lemar, Katey M. "Cell death in the human pathogen Candida albicans : effects of garlic (Allium sativum), and garlic constituents allyl alcohol and diallyl disulphide." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54550/.

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Garlic extract is very complex, yielding a number of organic sulphur constituents that are thought to be responsible for its anticandidal properties. Many of these are now being investigated in an attempt to determine the mechanisms by which they act. The effects of fresh and freeze dried extracts of Allium sativum (garlic) on the physiology and morphology of Candida albicans were compared. Inhibition of growth and loss of structural integrity was observed for both fresh garlic extract (FGE) has a greater efficacy than garlic powder extract (GPE) as indicated both by its effects on morphology and inhibition of growth. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of extracts was employed to separate and quantify putative inhibitory sulphur-containing components fresh and freeze-dried extracts yielded the same components but fresh garlic yielded ten times more sulphur constituents. Cell death mechanisms were investigated by flow cytometry. Low concentrations of allyl alcohol (AA) triggered a necrotic response, whereas an apoptotic type of cell death was observed at higher concentrations (>6mM). Conversely, low concentrations of diallyl disulphide (DADS) induced apoptosis, whereas higher concentrations (>6mM) resulted in a necrotic response. Further investigations with using 2-photon microscopy determined that a short 30 min exposure to 0.5mM DADS and then removal, induced 70% cell death (50% necrotic, 20% apoptotic) within 2h this figure increased to 75% after 4h. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were increased with >10mM menadione, 2mg ml"1 GPE, ImM AA or DADS as measured using dihydrofluorescein and detected by flow cytometry. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy was employed to monitor the intracellular responses of individual C. albicans cells after treatment. Changes typical of oxidative stress NADH oxidation, glutathione depletion and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), were observed. Additionally, DADS induced a marked enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential and low respiration rates as could be verified in cell suspensions. The plasma membrane was monitored by use of the Bis-oxonol dye, DiBaC4(3). Calculation of the electrochemical potential was achieved by application of the Nernst equation. Complete depolarisation was observed with low concentrations of AA, suggesting that for this constituent, the plasma membrane may be a primary target. Effects of garlic extract and diallyl disulphide on plasma membrane were less obvious. Putative targets for DADS are glutathione-S-transferase as determined by in vitro kinetics using cell-free extracts additional targets are likely to be a component prior to Site II in the respiratory electron transport chain as well as ATPsynthase as determined by decreased oxygen consumption and proton production respectively. Known targets for allyl alcohol are alcohol dehydrogenases Adhl and 2 (in the cytosol) and Adh3 (mitochondrial), although the significant decrease in NAD(P)H after addition of AA is indicative of another mechanism of action.

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Books on the topic "Garlic"

1

Broderick, Orla. Garlic. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Pub. Corp., 1994.

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Deri, Reed, Andrews and McMeel, and Miniature Book Collection (Library of Congress), eds. Garlic. Kansas City, Mo: Andrews and McMeel, 1997.

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Darbyshire, Lydia. Garlic, garlic, garlic: Recipe ideas using the world's supreme herb. Vancouver: Select Editions, 2004.

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Lydia, Darbyshire, ed. Garlic, garlic, garlic: Recipe ideas using the world's supreme herb. London: Apple, 1998.

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(Firm), CQ Products, ed. Garlic cookbook: 101 recipes with garlic. Waverly, IA: CQ Products, 2007.

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(Firm), CQ Products, ed. Garlic cookbook: 101 recipes with garlic. Waverly, IA: CQ Products, 2007.

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Fred, Griffith, ed. Garlic, garlic, garlic: Exceptional recipes from the world's most indispensable ingredient. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Garlic production. S.l: s.n, 1989.

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Allison, Lynn. Glorious garlic. Boca Raton, FL: Globe Communications, 1991.

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Aaron, Chester. Garlic kisses: Human struggles with garlic connections. Milan, Ohio: Mostly Garlic, Ltd., 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Garlic"

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Charles, Denys J. "Garlic." In Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources, 305–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_27.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "Garlic." In Minor Spices and Condiments, 23–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82246-0_3.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "garlic." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 218. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_4176.

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Zafar, Sara, Nazia Aslam, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq, Shagufta Perveen, and Naeem Iqbal. "Garlic." In Essentials of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, 459–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35403-8_18.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Iodized Garlic." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 282. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5261.

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Lawson, Larry D. "Bioactive Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic and Garlic Products." In ACS Symposium Series, 306–30. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0534.ch021.

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Wiczkowski, Wieslaw. "Garlic and Onion." In Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing, 661–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119098935.ch28.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Allium sativum (Garlic)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 73–84. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_32.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Iodized Garlic Extract." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 282. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5262.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, P. Yashodha, and C. Gopalakrishnan. "Onion and Garlic." In Pests and Diseases in Vegetable Crops, 179–98. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003504153-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Garlic"

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Josifovski, Vanja, Peter Schwarz, Laura Haas, and Eileen Lin. "Garlic." In the 2002 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/564691.564751.

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Kermarrec, Yvon, Laurent Pautet, and Samuel Tardieu. "GARLIC." In the conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/376503.376591.

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Roth, M. Tork, M. Arya, L. Haas, M. Carey, W. Cody, R. Fagin, P. Schwarz, J. Thomas, and E. Wimmers. "The Garlic project." In the 1996 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/233269.280363.

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Waryat, Noor Rofiq Ahmadi, Anna Sulistyaningrum, Sulusi Prabawati, Noveria Sjafrina, Kirana S. Sasmitaloka, and Tatang Hidayat. "Increasing of garlic added value through garlic PASTE processing technology." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0185266.

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Jung D. So, Soon H. Kwon, and Gun H. Kim. "Mechanical Characteristics of Garlic Scapes for Developing Mechanical Garlic Bulbils Harvester." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18852.

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Bradic, Jovana V., Anica M. Petrovic, and Vladimir Lj Jakovljevic. "Can a three-week administration of methanol extract of wild garlic modulate systemic redox state in hypertensive rats?" In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.575b.

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Wild garlic (Allium ursinum) is a widespread perennial herbaceous plant that has wide therapeutic applications and it is used as well as food. Natural preparations based on wild garlic have been used for gastrointestinal tract disorders, as antioxidants, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic agents, etc. Nevertheless, the data related to the effects of chronic wild garlic extract consumption on systemic redox state in hypertensive animals is yet to be understood. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to examine the effects of a three-week application of ethanolic extract from wild garlic on oxidative stress markers in spontaneously hypertensive rats. This was an experimental study conducted in 20 spontaneously hypertensive Wistar kyoto rats divided into two groups: CTRL group – control untreated rats and wild garlic group – rats treated for three weeks with wild garlic ethanol extract once daily per os (100 mg/kg). After the accomplishment of the treatment protocol, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were taken for determination of the levels of pro-oxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicate that there was a significant reduction in almost all of the measured pro-oxidants and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in rats treated with wild garlic extract compared to untreated rats. Ethanol extract from wild garlic showed promising antioxidant potential in hypertensive conditions, however, future studies are necessary in order to reveal the full therapeutic potential of this plant species in various cardiovascular disorders.

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Nemtinov, V. I., A. V. Shirokova, A. A. Zubochenko, I. V. Belova, E. N. Grunina, I. L. Danilova, and O. A. Serebryakova. "Assessment of chemical mutagens by a complex of features in the selection of garlic." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-72.

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Some positive effect of chemical mutagen treatments of air garlic bulbs on the morphometric parameters and economically valuable traits of winter garlic bulbs in the second generation was established.

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James E Ayars. "Water Requirement of Irrigated Garlic." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23381.

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Qin, Lufang, and Lijuan Yang. "Research Status of Garlic Harvester." In 2016 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemet-16.2016.143.

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Herlina, Siswoyo Soekarno, and Johan Alif Ivansyah. "Production of black garlic from local garlic varieties of Lumbu Hijau at various aging." In THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119650.

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Reports on the topic "Garlic"

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Ng, Maggie. Garlic Cultivation in Connecticut. UConn Extension, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61899/ucext.v1.037.2024.

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Taub, Floyd E. Fluorinated Analogs of Bioactive Garlic Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018158.

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Taub, Floyd. Fluorinated Analogs of Bioactive Garlic Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035209.

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Kurtz, C. M., and M. H. Hansen. An assessment of garlic mustard in northern U.S. forests. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rn-199.

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Blossey, Bernd, Victoria Nuzzo, Harriet Hinz, and Esther Gerber. Development of Biological Control for Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada476685.

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Liu, Xinyu, Xiaoqiang Huang, and Sheng-hua PIAO. Effectiveness of garlic and its extracts on dyslipidemia : A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0071.

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Yang, Han Sul, Eun Joo Lee, Hyun Dong Paik, and Dong U. Ahn. Addition of Garlic or Onion before Irradiation on Lipid Oxidation, Volatiles and Sensory Characteristics of Cooked Ground Beef. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1371.

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Yang, Han Sul, Eun Joo Lee, Sunhee Moon, Hyun Dong Paik, and Dong U. Ahn. Effect of Garlic, Onion, and their Combination on the Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Irradiated Raw Ground Beef. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-607.

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Marschallinger, Robert. Maps in Garmin hochladen. Iamg2011@salzburg, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0999.

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Phillips, Donald, and Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

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Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions

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