Journal articles: 'Garo Women'

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Das, Farida Ahmed, and Jukti Ratna Saikia. "Some Aspects of Fertility of the Garo Women of Pochimbosti Garo Village in Sibsagar District, Assam." Journal of Human Ecology 10, no. 4 (July 1999): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1999.11907490.

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Das, Puspita. "Usefulness of Radio and Television Programmes by Garo Farm Women in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8417.

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Borah, Swapnali, and Nilakshi Borah. "Participation of Rural Garo Women of Meghalaya in Vegetable Cultivation." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 01 (January 10, 2021): 2321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.269.

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Rahman, SMB, MB Uddin, and I. Hussain. "Anthropometric study on children of Garo and non-Garo families in Netrakona district of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 9, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11039.

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Anthropometric indicators such as weight-for-height (wasting), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) are important in evaluating the health and nutrition status of children in low-income areas of Bangladesh where malnutrition is still a large public health problem. Present investigation was carried out to assess the anthropometric status of tribal (Garo) and non tribal women of different villages of four Unions of Kalmakanada upazila under Netrakona district. Data were collected through well structured questionnaire. Total one hundred seventy families, ninety from tribal (Garo) and one hundred eighty from non-tribal constituted the sample of the study. The results show that malnutrition problem in this area is common due to poverty and children have low weight, under height, wasting and malnourished. The hierarchical interrelationships of potential determinants of malnutrition, wasting and underweight turned out to be independently predicted by morbidity factors. Stunting, however, was predicted by socioeconomic, environmental and health-care factors in addition to morbidity. Strategies aimed at improving the growth of infants and young children in rural communities should address morbidity due to common childhood illness coupled with environmental and socio-economically oriented measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11039 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 267272, 2011

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Karim, Rabiul, Hafijur Rahman, Suchona Rahman, Tanzima Zohra Habib, and Katarina Swahnberg. "Gender differences in marital violence: A cross-ethnic study among Bengali, Garo, and Santal communities in rural Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251574.

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Studies on marital violence (MV) in Bangladesh have primarily focused on the women of the mainstream Bengali people, although half of the population is men, and there are also ethnic minority communities with diverse gender constructions. The current study examined the gender differences in MV among the matrilineal ethnic minority Garo, patrilineal ethnic minority Santal, and the patrilineal mainstream Bengali communities in rural Bangladesh. Adopting a cross-sectional design, we randomly included 1,929 currently married men and women from 24 villages. We used cross-tabulations as well as multivariate logistic regressions to estimate the ethnic and gender differences in MV. Data revealed that women were widely exposed to different types of MV, while only a few men experienced such abuses. It showed that 95.6% of the women experienced emotional abuse, 63.5% physical abuse, 71.4% sexual abuse, and 50.6% poly-victimization, whereas these rates were quite low among the men (emotional = 9.7%, physical = 0.7%, sexual = 0.1%). No men reported poly-victimization. The odds ratio (OR) for emotional, physical, and sexual MV were respectively, 184.44 (95% CI = 93.65−363.24, p<0.001), 449.23 (95% CI = 181.59−1111.35, p<0.001), and 2789.71(95% CI = 381.36−20407.08, p<0.001) for women compared to men. Data further revealed that matrilineal Garo women experienced less MV (emotional = 90.7%, physical = 53.4%, sexual = 64.0%, poly = 38.8%) than the patrilineal Santal (emotional = 99.4%, physical = 67.3%, sexual = 71.3%, poly = 53.9%) and Bengali women (emotional = 96.6%, physical = 69.6%, sexual = 78.8%, poly = 58.9%). Multivariate regressions also showed that the Bengali society perpetrated more physical (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.27−2.85, p = 0.002) and sexual (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.34−3.10, p = 0.001) MV than the Garo society. It appears that MV is largely a gendered issue in the country. Though both women and men can be the victims of MV, the nature/extent of victimization noticeably differs according to the social organization. Matrilineal society appears to be less abusive than the patrilineal one. Interventions aimed to prevent domestic violence in rural Bangladesh should take these findings into account.

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ISLAM, M. RAKIBUL, M. AMIRUL ISLAM, and BANYA BANOWARY. "DETERMINANTS OF EXPOSURE TO MASS MEDIA FAMILY PLANNING MESSAGES AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN BANGLADESH: A STUDY ON THE GARO." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 2 (March 2009): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008003088.

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SummaryThis paper evaluates exposure to mass media family planning (FP) messages among the Garo, an indigenous community in Bangladesh. A sample of 223 currently married Garo women were selected purposively from two districts where most of the Garo population live. The analysis demonstrated that television was the most significant form of mass media to disseminate FP messages among the recipients – more so than radio and newspapers. About 80·6% of the respondents had heard of FP messages through television, while for the radio and newspapers the percentages were 55·3% and 22·7% respectively. The contraceptive prevalence rate is much higher (79·5%) in the study area than the national level (55·8%). A linear logistic regression model was employed to identify the confluence of different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on mass media FP messages. Regarding exposure to FP messages, four independent variables out of six had significant effects on the exposure to FP messages through any one of the types of media, i.e. radio, television and newspapers. These independent variables were age, level of education, occupation and number of children.

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Momin, Mikkimchi Gabil. "Benefits Derived From Integrated Basin Development and Livelihood Promotion (IBDLP) Programme by Garo Farm Women in Garo Hills of Meghalaya." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8394.

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Gabil Momin, Mikkimchi, Puspita Das, and Ranjan S. Karippai. "Extent of Utilization of Integrated Basin Development and Livelihood Promotion (IBDLP) Programme by Garo Farm Women in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 07 (July 10, 2019): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.807.135.

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Mukherjee, Sangeeta, and Sruthi P. "Women, Nature and Culture: An Ecofeminist Reading of the Matrilineal Culture of the Khasis, Jaintia and Garo Tribes of Meghalaya." Cultura de los cuidados, no. 58 (December 2, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2020.58.15.

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Northeast India, the land of original inhabitants, follows a unique and fascinating culture and tradition as its inhabitants are closely attached to nature. Northeast India is one of those few places in the world, where matrilineal culture is still practiced. In Meghalaya, one of the northeastern states, the practice of matrilineality has been in existence for almost 2000 years among a few tribes. Khasi, Jaintia and Garo, the earliest ethnic communities of Meghalaya appear to be homogenous ones, as the youngest daughter becomes the custodian of the ancestral prospects. This practice where the womenfolk become the custodians of the cultural and natural artifacts has strong parallels in the theory of ecofeminism. By employing ecofeministic perspective to read the matrilineal culture of the tribes, the paper aims to make a parallel study on the ethnic women’s affinity towards nature. Ecofeminism celebrates the robust connect between women and nature and asserts that women serve as the advocates for nature rather than men. The paper, therefore, aims to investigate ecofeministic elements among the Khasi, Jaintia and Garo tribes of Meghalaya and tries to express an ecofeministic view concerning family, marriage, religion, and food culture of the Meghalaya tribes.

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Das, Puspita, and Nikrachi Ch Sangma. "Level of Awareness on Climate Change of Farm Women of West Garo Hills, Meghalaya." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.125.

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Bhagat, Deepak, TapsriR Marak, and Swapnali Borah. "Musculoskeletal disorders of garo women workers engaged in tea-plucking activity: An ergonomic analysis." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 24, no. 2 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_185_19.

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Munro, Jenny, Barbara Parker, and Lynn McIntyre. "An Intersectionality Analysis of Gender, Indigeneity, and Food Insecurity among Ultrapoor Garo Women in Bangladesh." International Journal of Indigenous Health 10, no. 1 (2014): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijih.101201513202.

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Baruah, Chitralekha, and Mini Bhattacharyya Thakur. "Accusing Women as Witches: A Gendered Outlook." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 19, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x19862397.

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A woman is an integral part of all public affairs of the society, from rituals and festivals to a community meeting. But then, she is tactfully debarred from taking leadership, making decisions, or from the liberty of choosing an unconventional lifestyle for herself. Witch-hunting is one of those numerous ways and means of keeping women within the periphery well defined for them in patriarchal societies. Accusations of varying kinds are leveled, and suspected persons are targeted. Even if she survives after the accusation, she lives in constant fear with the trauma of nonacceptance in the society. She is denied access to public resources as well as economic activities in and around the village. The violation of rights in witch-hunting takes its root in the gendered roles of individuals, set by tradition. These roles and the subsequent subordinate position of women are considered normal and generally a woman is not expected to question the patriarchal authority. The current study attempts to compare four individual case studies of witch-hunting of women from Goalpara and West Karbi Anglong Districts of Assam and West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Case study method has been explicitly used to find out how it became easy for the instigators to get mass support in targeting each of these four women, and how they were dehumanized, and eventually were banished from their villages or murdered. The article attempts to showcase witch-hunting as one of the strategies used for continuation of the patriarchal control over the ordinary women to obstruct their rise in rural remote areas of Meghalaya and Assam. Here superstition is the larger backdrop within which factors such as jealousy, enmity and nonacceptance get legitimized in a patriarchal setting.

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Das, Puspita. "Use of ICT of Garo Women in Agriculture and Allied Sectors in the State of Meghalaya." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7572.

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Khan, Ashrafuzzaman. "Structural Violence: A Tale of Three Women from Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 21, no. 4 (October 18, 2014): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02104005.

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The notion of structural violations of human rights is increasingly gaining currency in international human rights arenas. Structural violence yields a complex picture of inequality in terms of social, economic, political and human rights arenas. The study intended to understand the extent of structural violence with a special reference to the state of human rights of the women of the marginalized communities Bihari, Garo and Ahmadiyya in Bangladesh. The study employed a qualitative approach, applying a case study technique that dealt with three women of these communities and aiming to substantiate structural violence in relation to human rights perspectives. The study revealed that the women of the three marginalized communities experienced diverse forms of violence, including psychological, physical, sexual, etc., that violated their human rights. There was also a failure to restore their peace and security. The theory of structural violence provides a useful framework for understanding the structural inequalities that systematically deny marginalized communities, especially women of these communities, from achieving basic human rights in their daily lives.

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Das, Puspita, and Nikrachi Ch Sangma. "Knowledge, Attitude and Effect on Farm Women Regarding ICTs in the District of West Garo Hills, Meghalaya." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 07 (July 10, 2019): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.807.093.

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Khanum, R., MSA Mahadi, and MS Islam. "Tribal womens involvement with pig farming in Bangladesh: an evidence of Moulvibazar district." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37428.

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The study examined the profitability and factors affecting farm income from pig farming in Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh. A multistage sampling technique was followed to select 70tribal women entrepreneurs involved with pig farming. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, benefit-cost analysis, and linear regression model. Average age of pig entrepreneurs was 39.47 years which indicates that they are young and agile. About 71% of Garo entrepreneurs had experience for pig farming. The cost and return analysis showed that in one year, the gross margin was Tk. 56743.70, while the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was 1.19 indicating that the enterprise is profitable. Regression analysis revealed that three variables namely farm size, age of the respondent and experience of pig farming are significant factors affecting farm income. Thus, it was recommended that tribal women should be encouraged to practice pig farming to overcome their low income and unemployment situation.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 115-127 (2018)

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R. Marak, Tapsri, Deepak Bhagat, and Swapnali Borah. "Physical Characteristics and Physical Fitness of Indigenous Garo Tea Plucking women: A Study in Small Tea Plantations of Meghalaya (India)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 04 (April 10, 2019): 1472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.172.

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Mavelil, Sunny Joseph, and Subhash Chandra Srivastava. "Reproductive health status of women in the matrilineal tribes of Meghalaya: a field-based quantitative study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4232. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194215.

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Background: Reproductive health of the tribal women in India is less studied and the present study attempts to fill the gap by understanding the reproductive health of women in the matrilineal tribes in Meghalaya. The objective of the study was to study the reproductive health status of tribal women.Methods: A field-based quantitative study was conducted among randomly chosen 900 tribal women in their reproductive age from the 142 villages selected randomly across 15 PHCs functional in five districts. We used a semi-structured validated questionnaire consisting of the socio-demographic profile, reproductive health status, blood pressure and haemoglobin level.Results: Median age of the 900 respondents was 28.9 years, 83% had primary education and 82% got married between 13-18 years. Over 96% lived with their spouse, and 80% had a monthly income ≤Rs. 5000. Their mean age at menarche was 14.3 years, 10% reported menstrual issues: stomach ache, back pain and vomiting. Though 58% planned their pregnancy, 77% had their first pregnancy before 18 years, and 10.3% of respondents had three deliveries within a four-year period. 76% had poor self-rated health, 83% had abnormal blood pressure and 95% reported anaemia. Out of 81 deaths, 69% were infants and 33.3% did not avail medical service from PHC.Conclusions: Reproductive health risks, anaemia and abnormal blood pressure were found among women in Garo tribes. Mitigating the ill effects of reproductive health issues through indigenous interventions as part of the NRHM program is needed.

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Mavelil, Sunny Joseph, and S. C. Srivastava. "Social acceptance and job satisfaction of ASHA workers in the Garo Hills Division of Meghalaya: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193642.

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Background: ASHAs were appointed by NRHM to provide preventive, promotive and curative healthcare services in the rural including tribal villages in Meghalaya. However, their social acceptance and job satisfaction remain less studied. Hence our study aimed at it.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 ASHAs from randomly sampled 142 villages across 15 PHCs in five districts. To collect data, we used a semi-structured back-translated and validated questionnaire consisting socio-demographic profile of ASHAs, level of perceived social acceptance and job satisfaction. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0.Results: Mean and median age of ASHAs were 33.29 and 32.00 years respectively. Over 63% belonged to Garo tribes, 67% studied high school, and 91% married. Village elders selected 76% of ASHAs, and 81% were as ASHAs for at least eight years. About 86% were trained in a minimum of three modules and all found their training effective. While 92% had the medical kit always filled, 100% had registers updated, and 94.3% facilitated VHND and FHD meetings. About 97% accompanied the pregnant women, 96.4% attended PHC meetings regularly and 83.6% organized VHSNC meeting. Though 93.5% reported a high acceptance of ASHAs' services, social acceptance of ASHAs was rather to some extent for 36.4%. Almost 52% of ASHAs were dissatisfied with job and 61% were unhappy with their performance-based remuneration.Conclusions: Community must be aware of ASHAs’ role, and their job satisfaction has to be increased with a corresponding increase in incentives while developing strategies to ease the process of payments.

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Soleman, Noviyanti. "Women’s Role in Tourism Development (Study Case: Tourism Awareness Group Galo-Galo Island, Morotai)." AL-WARDAH 13, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46339/al-wardah.v13i1.159.

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Morotai was set as the special economic zones have potential of geo-economy and geo-strategy to boosting the economic.Galo Galo Island is one of the many islands in Morotai Regency with good tourism potential. In Galo Galo tourism development, there are local communities involved through Tourism Awareness Group. The development is would be better to involve women, especially the case of Galo Galo Island has women population almost similar to men population. This is show how important the women’s role in the tourism development of Galo Galo Island Morotai. This paper aims to know women’s role for tourism development in Galo-Galo Island, meanwhile Galo-Galo has strong opportunities to be develop in tourism sector. In answer the question, the concept of women participation through Gender and Development Approach by Sofiani is applicable for this case. To complete the process, the writer usequalitative research method by primary and secondary data. The result shows that women play important role in tourism development of Galo Galo Island through involve in the tourism development activities.

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AnandKumar, Dr K. M. "Smart Garb - A Wearable Safety Device for Women." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5081.

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Awoyale, Wasiu, Hakeem Oyedele, and Busie Maziya-Dixon. "Functional and Pasting Properties of Gari Produced from White-fleshed Cassava Roots as Affected by Packaging Materials and Storage Periods, and Sensory Attributes of the Cooked Gari Dough (eba)." International Journal of Food Studies 10, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7455/ijfs/10.1.2021.a9.

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Gari (roasted fermented cassava grits) is the most popular product consumed in West Africa and an important food product in the diet of millions of people in developing countries. The study investigated the effect of packaging materials (PM) and storage periods on the functional and pasting properties of Gari produced from white-fleshed cassava roots and sensory attributes of the cooked Gari dough (eba). Gari was produced using the standard method and packaged in a polypropylene woven sack (PP) and polyvinyl chloride container (PVC). Gari was stored for 24 weeks at room temperature and sampled at four-week intervals for functional and pasting properties, and sensory evaluation of the eba, using standard methods. The results showed that the storage periods significantly affected all the functional (except swelling power) and pasting properties of the Gari, and PM had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the functional (except bulk density) and pasting properties. Also, the PM had no significant effect on the sensory attributes of the eba except for the mouldability (p<0.05). The setback viscosity of the Gari packaged in PVC had a significant (p<0.05, r= -0.58) negative correlation with the texture of the eba. The panellists preferred all the sensory attributes of the eba made from the Gari stored in PP compared to that made from Gari stored in PVC. Therefore, packaging Gari in PP may keep most of the properties preferred by consumers when stored for up to 5 months.

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Fosu-Mensah, Benedicta Y., Derek Fiifi Adabie, Paa-Nii T. Johnson, and Michael Mensah. "Occupational and environmental health hazards associated with food processing and the use of personal protective equipment: A case study of Gari processing in southern Ghana." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2520.

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The processing of cassava into different staple foods, including gari, comes with occupational and environmental hazards. This research aimed at assessing the awareness of occupational health hazards associated with the processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta) into Gari, environmental impact and factors that influence the wearing of personal protective equipment. Ninety (90) Gari producers were randomly selected from Awutu Senya, Central Tongu and Ayensuano Districts of Ghana and interviewed using structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that Gari producing industry was dominated by women (78.9%). The majority of cassava processors in the study area were aware of health hazards associated with the production of gari. However, most did not take measures to reduce or mitigate exposure to health risk. The Gari industry was less attractive to people above 60 years (8.9%). Training on occupational safety and health risk was low among processors. The usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) by processors was low. Only 3.3%, 16 and 17.8% used footwear, working gear and coat, respectively, during processing. Factors that influenced processors' decision to use PPE included years of experience in processing, knowledge of health risk associated with the processing of cassava into Gari, awareness of protective equipment and a visit to health facility relating to condition sustained at work. Producers were aware of the environmental effects of Cassava-mill effluent but did not treat effluents before discharge into the environment. Some environmental effects of mill cassava effluent identified by the gari producers were; reduction in soil productivity, destruction of vegetation cover, the killing of trees and bad odour. The low level of education and training accounted for the low usage of PPEs.

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Singh, Richa, Shikha Singh, Prabhat Agrawal, Ruchika Garg, and BT Kokila. "Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 3 (August 2017): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1497.

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How to cite this article Garg R, Malhotra J, Singh S, Singh R, Kokila BT, Agrawal P. Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(3):211-215.

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Tandon, Amit, Meenal Jain, and S. Shantha Kumari. "Managing Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women." Journal of SAFOMS 2, no. 2 (2014): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10032-1049.

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ABSTRACT Patients usually under-report symptoms of incontinence. Therefore, improved physician-patient communication is vital. Most urinary incontinence can be evaluated and treated after careful history and simple clinical assessment. Initial treatment, for both urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence, is lifestyle modification and pelvic floor muscle exercises. Urgency responds to bladder training and drug therapy with anticholinergic medication. Pharmacotherapy has a limited place in stress incontinence. How to cite this article Malhotra J, Garg R, Kumari SS, Tandon A, Jain M, Malhotra N. Managing Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):87-90.

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Tesfaye, Rahel, Amare Worku, Wanzahun Godana, and Bernt Lindtjorn. "Client Satisfaction with Delivery Care Service and Associated Factors in the Public Health Facilities of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia:In a Resource Limited Setting." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5798068.

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Background. Ensuring patient satisfaction is an important means of secondary prevention of maternal mortality. This study presents findings from a multidimensional study of client satisfaction from the Gamo Gofa Zone in Southwest Ethiopia.Methods. A facility based cross-sectional study using exit interviews was conducted from 2014. Client satisfaction was measured using a survey adopted from the Donabedian quality assessment framework. Thirteen health institutions were randomly sampled of 66 institutions in Gamo Gofa Zone. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of client satisfaction.Results. The overall satisfaction level of the clients in this study was 79.1% with (95% CI; 75–82). Women attending health centres were more likely satisfied than women attending hospitals (χ2=83.7,df=12,P<0.001). The proportion of women who complained about an unfriendly attitude or unresentful care from health workers was higher in the hospitals (χ2=27.4,df=1,P<0.001). The presence of support persons during child birth improved client satisfaction (AOR = 6.23 95% CI; 2.75–14.1) and women who delivered with caesarean section are four times more likely satisfied than those who deliver vaginally (AOR 3.6 95% CI; 1.44–9.06). Client satisfaction was reduced if the women had to pay for the services (AOR = 0.27 95% CI; 0.09–81).Conclusions. The study shows that overall satisfaction level is good. More emphasis should be put on giving women friendly care, particularly at the hospitals.

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Eyinla, Toluwalope Emmanuel, Busie Maziya-Dixon, Oladeji Emmanuel Alamu, and Rasaki Ajani Sanusi. "Retention of Pro-Vitamin A Content in Products from New Biofortified Cassava Varieties." Foods 8, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8050177.

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Plant breeding efforts in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have produced biofortified cassava with high carotenoid content to address vitamin A deficiencies (VAD). Since carotenoids in foods are easily depleted during processing, the retention of β-carotene in some newly released cassava varieties is under query. From four of these new varieties, two commonly consumed products (gari and its dough) were processed according to standard methods. Retention of β-carotene was then probed after applying fermentation periods of a day and three days. The possible contribution of the products to Vitamin A intake in children, adolescents, and women was also assessed. The concentration of β-carotene in fresh Cassava roots ranged from 5.32 to 7.81 µg/g. The percentage retention ranged from 14.4 to 29.3% and 10 to 21.7% in gari fermented for one and three days respectively. The impact of varietal difference and length of fermentation was significant on retention in the intermediate and final products (p < 0.001). When compared with dietary intake data, cooking biofortified gari into its dough reduced Vitamin A intake in most varieties. We conclude that processing Cassava into gari (especially its dough) could hinder the retention of β-carotene however some varieties have retention advantage over others irrespective of the initial concentration in their fresh roots.

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Fuentes, Andrés Reséndez. "Battleground Women:Soldaderasand Female Soldiers in the Mexican Revolution." Americas 51, no. 4 (April 1995): 525–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007679.

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Revolution and women did not mix well, at least in the eyes of most leaders of the insurrection that swept Mexico in 1910-17. Moreover, common wisdom suggested that armies were no place for the “gentler sex” and hence the two kinds of women that did accompany men to the battleground–female soldiers and soldaderas–were generally regarded as marginal to the fighting and extraordinary, or strange, in character.Female soldiers received much notice in the press and arts during the revolution and in its aftermath. They were portrayed as fearless women dressed in men's garb flaunting cartridge belts across the chest and a Mauser rifle on one shoulder. But they were invariably shown in the guise of curiosities, aberrations brought about by the revolution. Soldaderas received their share of attention too. They were depicted as loyal, self-sacrificing companions to the soldiers or, in less sympathetic renderings, as enslaved camp followers: “the loyalty of the soldier's wife is more akin to that of a dog to its master than to that of an intelligent woman to her mate.” But even laudatory journalistic accounts,corridos, and novels did not concede soldaderas a prominent role in the revolutionary process, much less in the success of the military campaigns.

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Leclerc, Katrina. "Gender Perspectives in Contemporary Peacebuilding: Collaborative Approaches to Conflict Responses." Global Affairs Review 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51330/gar.0020213.

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This article argues the need to prioritize local co-development of peacebuilding approaches to ensure context-specific and culturally relevant peace efforts. With the recognition that local populations remain primary actors within conflicts, it is argued that international peacebuilders must work with locals to ensure effective peacebuilding efforts. By applying a gender and humanitarian approach to peacebuilding analysis, in both theory and practice, this article offers an alternative, complementary approach to the ‘local-turn’ theory in contemporary peacebuilding. The application of international peace and security frameworks – such as Women, Peace and Security resolutions – informs this piece and offers proven successes for collaborative and local partnerships in building effective peace.

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Fitzgerald, Louise F., Lauren M. Weitzman, Yael Gold, and Mimi Ormerod. "Academic Harassment: Sex and Denial in Scholarly Garb." Psychology of Women Quarterly 12, no. 3 (November 1988): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00947.x.

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Although much has been written concerning the sexual harassment of university students, no research has yet directly examined the behaviors of university professors themselves. The present study describes the responses of 235 male faculty members of a prestigious, research-oriented university who responded to a survey inquiring about social and sexual interaction among faculty and students. Although the majority of the responses focused on mentoring and social interactions, a sizable minority (26%) reported sexual involvement with women students. In addition to item frequencies, a structural analysis of the phenomenon of academic harassment is presented, and discussed in the context of the subjects' responses to an open-ended invitation to comment on the study.

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Agarwal, Mohita, Meeta Gupta, Poonam Yadav, and Urvashi Verma. "Role of Imaging in Dilemma of Adnexal Masses in Postmenopausal Women." Journal of SAFOMS 5, no. 1 (2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10032-1104.

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ABSTRACT Adnexal masses in postmenopausal women represent a spectrum of conditions from gynaecologic and non gynaecologic sources. Post-menopausal women are especially at high risk of gynaecologic malignancy however even in this population majority of adnexal masses are benign. Tumor markers and high frequency transvaginal ultrasonography with doppler studies project high quality images allowing for detailed macroscopic appearances of masses and remain the least expensive modalities available. Adnexal masses that are suspicious for cancer, women should be referred to gynaecologic oncologist for optimal care. How to cite this article Yadav P, Gupta M, Agarwal M, Garg R, Verma U, Gupta S. Role of Imaging in Dilemma of Adnexal Masses in Postmenopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2017;5(1):45-50.

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Khandelwal, Niranjan, Mandeep Garg, Nidhi Prabhakar, and Divya Dahiya. "Desmoid Tumor: Rare Abdominal Wall Lump in a Multiparous Woman." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 52, no. 1 (2018): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1271.

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ABSTRACT Background Desmoids are rare tumors. Abdominal wall desmoids are more common in women of reproductive age, especially postpartum women. Here we present a case of desmoid tumor in a 37-year-old multiparous woman, who came with the complaint of a slowly growing painless abdominal lump. Case report A 37-year-old multiparous female presented with the complaint of a gradually increasing, painless abdominal lump. On physical examination, a well-defined, firm, mobile mass was palpated in the suprapubic region. Ultrasound revealed a homogeneous hypoechoic lesion in the right anterolateral abdominal wall. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a well-defined homogeneous mass in relation to the inferior aspect of right rectus abdominis muscle. These clinical and imaging features were highly suggestive of abdominal wall desmoid, which was confirmed on fine needle aspiration cytology and postoperative tumor histopathology. Discussion Desmoids are uncommon benign, locally aggressive fibrous lesions that have an insidious course. Conventionally, these are classified as abdominal desmoids (occurring in abdominal wall, mesentery, or retroperitoneum) and extra-abdominal desmoids (affecting shoulder girdle, trunk, lower extremities, etc.). The definitive diagnosis of desmoid has to be established on histopathology. Wide local excision remains the definitive treatment of abdominal wall desmoids. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy are the other treatment options. How to cite this article Garg M, Prabhakar N, Prakash M, Dahiya D, Khandelwal N. Desmoid Tumor: Rare Abdominal Wall Lump in a Multiparous Woman. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):31-33.

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Olusola, Adetifa Babatunde, and Samuel Taiwo Moses. "Prevalence of the Risk of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder in the Stirring Task of Gari Frying as a Result of Different Sitting Postures." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 37 (August 2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.37.43.

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Certain characteristics of the work settings of the local method of gari frying have potential for harm which must be identified to prevent or reduce these harms. The sitting posture is one of such characteristics. In this paper, the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the stirring task of gari-frying was assessed. This assessment covered two different sitting postures i.e. “sitting in front” and “sitting sideways” postures. A preliminary assessment was carried out using questionnaire and oral interview. Further assessment was done with a Quick Exposure Check (QEC). Gari frying in the location under study was dominated by women above 40 years while, the “sitting sideways” posture was mostly used. Most of the workers complained of discomfort at their shoulder/arm and back regions but, workers who take the “sitting sideways” posture complained of pains at their neck region. Discomfort in the wrist/hand region was the additional complain of workers who adopted the “sitting in front” posture. For the “sitting sideways” posture, QEC assessment revealed that the back, wrist/arm and neck regions were at a high risk of WMSDs, while for the “sitting in front” posture, only the neck region had a high risk of WMSDs. This paper reveals that the stirring task of the gari frying process is very tedious and has a risk of WMSDs that varies to different degrees depending on the sitting posture adopted

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Prakash, Prashant, S. Shantha Kumari, and Prabhat Agarwal. "Hepatitis B in Pregnancy." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 3 (2016): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1410.

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ABSTRACT Antiviral therapy with lamivudine, tenofovir, or telbivudine in the 3rd trimester can decrease mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) to < 5% and should be used in women with high viral loads in the 3rd trimester. Postpartum flares of liver disease are common, and therefore, careful monitoring is warranted in women who stop therapy. The decision to breastfeed while on antiviral therapy should be individualized, but current evidence suggests that it is safe. How to cite this article Kumari SS, Prakash P, Garg R, Agarwal P. Hepatitis B in Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):167-170.

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McKay, Anna. "Clothing and Female Reclusion in The Life of Mary of Egypt and The Life of Christina of Markyate." Early Middle English 3, no. 1 (2021): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17302/eme.3-1.2.

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Over the past two decades, medieval feminist scholarship has increasingly turned to the literary representation of textiles as a means of exploring the oftensilenced experiences of women in the Middle Ages. This article uses fabric as a lens through which to consider the world of the female recluse, exploring the ways in which clothing operates as a tether to patriarchal, secular values in Paul the Deacon’s eighthcentury Life of Mary of Egypt and the twelfth-century Life of Christina of Markyate. In rejecting worldly garb as recluses, these holy women seek out and achieve lives of spiritual autonomy and independence.

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Bekele, Alemayehu, Marelign Tilahun, and Aleme Mekuria. "Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Health Institutions of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Anemia 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1073192.

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Background. Anemia during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of pregnant women in developing countries and has both maternal and fetal consequences. Despite its known serious effect on health, there is very little research based evidence on this vital public health problem in Gamo Gofa zone in general and in Arba Minch town of Southern Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health institutions of Arba Minch town, Gamo Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.Method. Institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 16 to April 8, 2015, among 332 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at government health institutions of Arba Minch town. Interviewer-administered questionnaire supplemented by laboratory tests was used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of anemia.Result. The prevalence of anemia among antenatal care attendant pregnant women of Arba Minch town was 32.8%. Low average monthly income of the family (AOR = 4.0; 95% CI: 5.62–11.01), having birth interval less than two years (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 6.01, 10.23), iron supplementation (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 7.21, 9.31), and family size >2 (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.17, 6.81) were found to be independent predictors of anemia in pregnancy.Conclusion. Anemia is found to be a moderate public health problem in the study area. Low average monthly income, birth interval less than two years, iron supplementation, and large family size were found to be risk factors for anemia in pregnancy. Awareness creation towards birth spacing, nutritional counselling on consumption of iron-rich foods, and iron supplementation are recommended to prevent anemia among pregnant women with special emphasis on those having low income and large family size.

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Sable, Steven G., and Nabih M. Ramadan. "Meningeal Enhancement and Low CSF Pressure Headache. An MRI Study." Cephalalgia 11, no. 6 (December 1991): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1991.1106275.x.

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A 34-year-old woman developed severe and incapacitating positional headaches two weeks following a minor head trauma. Lumbar punctures demonstrated unmeasurable or very low CSF pressures. Gado-linium-enhanced cranial MRI showed diffuse enhancement of thickened meninges, suggesting inflammation. One year later, MRI was normal.

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Palmisano, Stefania, and Simone Martino. "Gare à l’écart ! De l’importance du genre dans la religion, la spiritualité et la laïcité en Italie." Social Compass 64, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 563–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768617727644.

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This article has a twofold aim. The first is to examine relations between women and religion in Italy in order to discover whether women contribute to the process of Italian secularisation as described in the literature. The second is to explore relations between secularisation and secularism among Italian women. Our main theme is that the women’s loosening relationship with the Catholic Church has been accompanied by their greater flexibility on moral and ethical questions. Since these questions have frequently been the object of intervention by the Catholic hierarchy, they are a valuable lens through which to examine secularism, revealing how far Italian women have distanced themselves from the Church’s mandates. With this end in view, we shall focus on Italian women’s opinions about topics (such as abortion, divorce, sexuality and reproductive rights) relating to “morality-politics” which are intrinsic to the “emancipation of women from the domestic sphere”.

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Banner, Lois. "“The Mystery Woman of Hollywood”." Feminist Media Histories 2, no. 4 (2016): 84–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2016.2.4.84.

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“‘The Mystery Woman of Hollywood’: Greta Garbo, Feminism, and Stardom” analyzes feminism as manifested in Greta Garbo's life and career. It focuses on her European background; the media discourse on her; feminism in her films and in the United States in the 1920s; and Garbo's rebellion against Louis B. Mayer and Irving Thalberg, the heads of her studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). It also deals with her dress reform stance, her masculine femininity, the nature of her fans (especially the “Garbomaniacs”), and her friendships with the screenwriters Salka Viertel and Mercedes de Acosta. It concludes with an analysis of the 1933 film Queen Christina, characterizing it as the culmination of Garbo's feminism.

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DORSCH, MICHAEL. "THE PAINTED FACE: PORTRAITS OF WOMEN IN FRANCE, 1814–1914 BY TAMAR GARB." Art Book 15, no. 2 (May 2008): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2008.00951.x.

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Roy, Priyankur, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, and Jose Ruby. "Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 4 (2017): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1520.

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ABSTRACT Objectives (1) To investigate the association between term elective cesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of the cesarean. (2) To assess the maternal morbidity when emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was required. Participants All women with singleton term (37—41 + 6 weeks) pregnancies and planned for elective cesarean section in Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were neonatal morbidities such as transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The secondary outcome measures were emergency cesarean section and maternal morbidities such as scar dehiscence, urinary tract infection (UTI), endometritis, peritonitis, and hemoperitoneum in the mother. Results The percentage of TTN in the infants in group I was 1.3% while there were none in group II. No infants were diagnosed to have RDS. Out of the 150 women who were planned for elective cesarean section, 55 women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among this, 19 (25.3%) of women were from group I as compared with 36 (48.0%) in group II. The difference in proportion between the two groups was –22.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): –37.7, –7.7], which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The incidence of scar dehiscence, UTI, endometritis, and hemoperitoneum in the mothers of group II was marginally higher than that in the mothers of group I. There was one woman with peritonitis in group I while none was reported in the other group. All the maternal morbidities occurred to women who underwent emergency cesarean section. Out of the 19 women in group I and 36 women in group II who underwent emergency cesarean section, 1 (5.3%) and 6 (16.7%) women had morbidities. Conclusion Women requiring elective cesarean section can safely be done between 37 and 39 weeks with no further significant increase in the rates of neonatal morbidity such as TTN and RDS. How to cite this article Roy P, Jeyaseelan L, Ruby J, Garg R. Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(4):312-317.

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Oluwamukomi, M. O. "Effects of the Type and Point of Inclusion of Soy-Melon-Protein Supplement on the Sensory Qualities of “Gari” Semolina." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 2 (March 27, 2013): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n2p120.

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The effects of the type of enrichment and the stage of application of supplement on the sensory qualities of Soy-melon protein-enriched gari semolina were studied. Three protein supplements (Full fat, Defatted and Milk residue) were added to the gari meal before fermentation, after fermentation and after toasting. After toasting and cooling, the samples were subjected to sensory evaluation at weekly interval over a period of 32 weeks by 20 member sensory panel of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria in order to determine its shelf life. The panel members were students and staff members who were used to the consumption and sensory evaluation of gari. They were instructed to evaluate differences in overall sensory quality between the control and other samples packaged in HDPE film and Woven sack and subjected to storage at 20, 30 and 40°C. A nine-point hedonic scoring system was used for the evaluation, where 1 = extremely disliked and 9 = extremely liked. Results obtained from other data on the flavor difference scores for each product were subjected to regression analysis based on the critical minimum panel mean score of 5.0 for shelf stability of the samples. The shelf lives for the samples at different storage conditions were determined from the slopes of the regression equations. Results showed that enrichment with soy-melon flour reduced the shelf life at a high temperature above 40°C from 148 weeks to 17 weeks. The shelf lives of samples packaged in HDPE were significantly higher than those packaged in woven sack. The shelf life was reduced significantly by increase in temperature which exhibited a negative correlation with the flavor scores.

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Bankauskaitė, Gabija, and Aistė Kikilaitė. "Holivudo Kultūros atspindžiai tarpukario Lietuvos periodikoje." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/2 (March 11, 2021): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-2.163.

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This article gives an overview of modern American society’s impact on the culture of interwar Lithuania; it studies how Hollywood formed Lithuanian gender stereotypes, reflected in periodicals and advertisements (1918–1940). The influence of Hollywood culture on interwar Lithuanian stereotypes has not been studied thoroughly. This work analyses the stereotypes found in selected periodicals by using gender stereotype theories and illustrating them with photographs and excerpts. One of the most popular interwar Lithuanian female stereotypes was based on the Hollywood idol Greta Garbo. She created a stereotype of a cruel, self-confident, modern woman. This article also discusses the Hollywood-based body cult, which became a goal for many Lithuanian women. After the analysis of advertisements, another tendency was noticed – young girls’ desire to become famous. Hollywood also formed three different male stereotypes: the caveman, the womanizer, and the gentleman. These modern stereotypes stand in contradiction with traditional manly virtues, they emphasize compassion and empathy, which are very important in critical situations. During the study, it was determined that Hollywood culture’s stereotypes began a sexual revolution. These stereotypes altered the concept of a traditional relationship through Lithuanian periodicals – it became much more open and oriented towards satisfying individual needs.

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Singh, Akhilesh Kumar, and Bechan Kumar Gautam. "Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Normotensive Pregnant Women." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 4 (2016): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1443.

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ABSTRACT During pregnancy the hormonal changes take place, resulting in changes in thyroid functions. The present study was conducted to determine thyroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in normotensive pregnancy. Fifty normotensive pregnant subjects were included in the study. Age-matched 50 nonpregnant subjects, not having any disease were taken as control. Total triiodothyronine (total T3), total thyroxine (total T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and hCG were estimated by using enzyme amplified chemiluminescent immunoassay. The level of thyroid hormones was found significantly increased in normotensive pregnant subjects as compared to that of control group. We therefore conclude that investigations should be done routinely in pregnancy. How to cite this article Singh AK, Agrawal P, Gautam BK, Garg R. Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Normotensive Pregnant Women. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):324-326.

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Singh, Shivani, Poonam Yadav, Rekha Rani, and Urvashi Verma. "Diagnostic Approach in Perimenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding." Journal of SAFOMS 2, no. 1 (2014): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10032-1025.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is very common problem in patient attending outpatient department, especially in perimenopausal group. Objective To study prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding and its type in perimenopausal women as well as to compare diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and histopathology. Material and method The study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Era Medical College, Lucknow, in 100 patient attending outpatient department with AUB in perimenopausal age group. Observation Most of the patients were multiparous, more than 50% belong to socioeconomic class III and IV and mean age was 43.05 ± 4.09 years. Commonest complaint was menorrhagia (45%) followed by metrorrhagia in 19% and menometorrhagia in 14%. Majority of patients (85%) had uterine volume between 151 and 250 cm3. Only three patient had uterine volume more than 252 cm3. Endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed in 14% with ultrasonography, 11% on hysteroscopy while in 15% on hystopathological examination. Conclusion In perimenopausal women with AUB, ultrasonography should be first investigation because of its freely availability, noninvasiveness and cost effectiveness. How to cite this article Verma U, Garg R, Singh S, Yadav P, Rani R. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(1):12-14.

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Laing, Ellen Johnston. "VISUAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EVOLUTION OF "POLITICALLY CORRECT" DRESS FOR WOMEN IN EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY SHANGHAI." NAN NÜ 5, no. 1 (2003): 69–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852603100402421.

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AbstractIn China in the first half of the twentieth century, official and unofficial efforts were made to regulate or influence women's dress, despite the fact that for urban, sophisticated, independent, middle-class urbanites, fashions were largely determined by the women who wore them. The first official mandate for women's dress, promulgated by the new Republican government in 1912, had little lasting effect. Unofficial efforts in 1915 and 1920 to influence women's garb, stemming from the antiforeign National Goods Movement, which the textile industry had originated much earlier and which urged patriotic Chinese to "buy Chinese," was also largely inconsequential. Only the Nationalist official designation in 1927 of a "national" feminine dress was effective. Using dated visual evidence from the print media, this paper assesses the failures and successes of these two official and one unofficial attempt to define proper attire for Chinese women.

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Regassa, Nigatu, and Gete Tsegaye. "Women’s Status among Households in Southern Ethiopia: Survey of Autonomy and Power." Human and Social Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hssr-2016-0003.

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Abstract This study examined two key dimensions of women’s status (autonomy and intimate partners violence) in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia based on regional data collected from five randomly selected zones and one city administration; namely, Sidama, Hadya, Gamo Gofa, South Omo, Bench Maji and Hawassa City Administration. The analysis revealed that while joint decision is fairly high, women’s independent decision making on key household domains is generally low. Significant proportions of women in the region are exposed to violence by their partners ranging from insult to heavy physical injury. The fact that nearly half of the women experienced insult and close to a quarter of them faced beating is indicative of the low status of women in society. The regression analysis indicated that seven variables determine the occurrence of violent acts against women in the study area, namely household size, education, access to radio, value of children index, wealth index and level of women autonomy. On the other hand, decision making autonomy is affected by wealth status, household size, access to radio and sex preference index. Finally, the study highlighted the importance of addressing the limited technical and operational capacities to implement gender policy and legal frameworks effectively and efficiently.

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Umezi, Patrick Ikenna. "Ilu Igbo: Igosipụta Ọnọdụ Ụmụnwaanyị n’ọkwa Ọchịchị n’ala Igbo." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i3.12.

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Nchọcha a bụ maka Ilu Igbo: Igosipụta ọnọdụ ụmụnwaanyị n’ọkwa ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Ihe nwanchọcha bu n’obi bụ izipụta etu ndị Igbo si eji ilu dị iche iche ha ji achọ okwu mma ezipụta na ụmụnwaanyị enweghi ọnọdụ n’ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Nkụ dị na mba na-eghere mba nri. Ndị Igbo na-esi n’ilu dị iche iche were ezipụtaomenala ha. A bị a n’ala Igbo, ụmụnwaanyị bụ ndị a na-eleda anya nke ukwuu n’ihe gbasara ọnọdụ ọchịchị obodo dị iche iche. Odee nyochara ọnọdụ ọchịchị n’ala Igbo bido n’oge ochie ruo ugbu a; o mere ka o doo anya na n’agbanyeghị na usoro ọchịchị Bekee mere ka onye ọbụla nwee nhatanha ọnụokwu n’usoro ọchịchị mba ọbụla, ọ ka bụ ihe siri ike ugbu a nwaanyị ijide ọkwa ọchịchị n’ala Igbo. Ihe ndị a na-apụta ihe site n’ilu ndị Igbo ji ekwu okwu. Ụfọdụ ilu ndị ahụ bụ ndị a: Nwaanyị lerịa di ya, ike akpọọ ya nkụ., Ụbọchị di nwaanyị nwụrụ ka ọnụ mmiri okwu ya gwụrụ. Odee gara n’ihu wee jụọ ihe a ga-eme iji hụ na onye ọbụla nwere nhatanha ọnụokwu n’ọchịchị ododo dị iche iche. Ka o sila dị, ọ kọwapụtara na e nweela mgbanwo pụtatra ihe n’etu ndị Igbo si elegara ụmụnwaanyị anya n’ihe gbasara ọchịchị . Nke a pụtara na ụmụnwaanyị ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abanye n’ọkwa ọchịchị dị iche iche ugbu a. English Abstract Igbo Proverbs: X -Ray of the position of women in leadership position in Igboland. The writer intends to manifest how the Igbos use their proverbs to show that women have no chance in Igbo leadership position. The research was guided by transformational theory of leadership. The researcher traced the history of Igboleadership system from the time prior to the advent of the colonial masters till the present age. It was discovered that the Igbos look down on women when it comes to major decision making. They manifest this attitude through the proverbs they use in their daily conversations. Some of those proverbs are Nwaanyị lerịa di ya, ike akpọọ ya nkụ.(If a woman kooks down on her husband she would have a dry buttocks) Ụbọchị di nwaanyị nwụrụ ka ọnụ mmiri okwu ya gwụrụ. (whenever a woman loses her husband, she loses her speep saliva). However, it was noticed that in the present age, women are gradually being recognized in decision making process among the Igbos. He finally advocates that gender should not prevent peoples’ participation in leadership. Every person should be equal before the law. As such, women should not be excluded from leadership position among the Igbo.

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Verma, Urvashi. "Menopause—Nonhormonal Approach: What's New?" Journal of SAFOMS 1, no. 2 (2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10032-1016.

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ABSTRACT Like birth, menarche, puberty, pregnancy/delivery, menopause is also a very important natural biological event in any woman's life. Practically it's the time when a woman can enjoy life more freely with other responsibilities. As with increased life expectancy about one third of life span has to be spent without menstruation. For so long period a woman can not afford estrogen replacement especially because of its side effects and complications. That's why we have to search for better and safer options. How to cite this article Malhotra J, Verma U, Garg R, Malhotra N. Menopause—Nonhormonal Approach: What's New? J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(2):70-74.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Garo Women'

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