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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gas absorption

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gas absorption'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gas absorption"

1

Pongayi Ponnusamy Selvi and Rajoo Baskar, Pongayi Ponnusamy Selvi and Rajoo Baskar. "Mass Transfer Enhancement for CO2 Absorption in Structured Packed Absorption Column." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 5 (2019): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000803/jcsp/41.05.2019.

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The acidic gas, Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in aqueous ammonia solvent was carried as an example for industrial gaseous treatment. The packed column was provided with a novel structured BX-DX packing material. The overall mass transfer coefficient was calculated from the absorption efficiency of the various runs. Due to the high solubility of CO2, mass transfer was shown to be mainly controlled by gas side transfer rates. The effects of different operating parameters on KGav including CO2 partial pressure, total gas flow rates, volume flow rate of aqueous ammonia solution, aqueous ammonia concentration, and reaction temperature were investigated. For a particular system and operating conditions structured packing provides higher mass transfer coefficient than that of commercial random packing.

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Salmanov, V. M., A. G. Guseinov, R. M. Mamedov, F. Sh Ahmedova, and A. M. Aliyeva. "Photoluminescence of GaS-GaSe heterostructures upon twoand three-photon excitation by laser radiation." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 9 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/65/9/54.

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Nonlinear absorption in GaS-GaSe heterostructures under the action of a Nd:YAG laser with built-in generators of the 2nd and 3rd harmonics, designed to generate radiation with a wavelength of 1064, 532, and 335 nm, is experimentally studied. It is shown that the appearance of characteristic radiation in the luminescence spectra and the behavior of the dependence of luminescence on the excitation intensity indicate the presence of two- and three-quantum absorption processes in GaS-GaSe heterostructures.

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van Krevelen, D. W., P. J. Hoftijzer, and C. J. van Hooren. "Studies of gas absorption: III. Gas phase resistance to gas absorption in scrubbers." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 66, no. 8 (September 3, 2010): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19470660806.

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van Krevelen, D. W., P. J. Hoftijzer, and C. J. van Hooren. "Studies of gas absorption. IV. Simultaneous gas absorption and chemical reaction." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 67, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19480670207.

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Szuromi, Phil. "Flexibility in gas absorption." Science 363, no. 6425 (January 24, 2019): 360.14–362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.363.6425.360-n.

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Klaassen, Rob. "Achieving flue gas desulphurization with membrane gas absorption." Filtration & Separation 40, no. 10 (December 2003): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(03)00033-8.

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7

Davies, J. T. "Rates of gas absorption from single gas bubbles." Chemical Engineering Science 41, no. 7 (1986): 1928–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)87075-0.

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8

Chayanova, �. A., and M. K. Shaikov. "Calibrating optical-absorption gas analyzers." Measurement Techniques 31, no. 6 (June 1988): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00867547.

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9

Riffat, S. B., and C. W. Wong. "Gas-driven absorption/recompression system." Heat Recovery Systems and CHP 14, no. 2 (March 1994): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(94)90007-8.

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10

Bogani, F., R. Querzoli, S. Ciliberto, and K. Ernst. "Sublinear absorption in OCS gas." Il Nuovo Cimento D 10, no. 2 (February 1988): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02450097.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gas absorption"

1

Kren, Christoph. "Flue gas fired absorption chillers." kostenfrei, 2008. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=965968.

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2

Xia, Qi. "Gas absorption kinetics in STR's." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/NQ64694.pdf.

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Xia, Qi 1962. "Gas absorption kinetics in STR's." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36732.

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Experiments were carved out in a stirred tank reactor with both two phase and three phase systems. A systematic examination of the effect of solid particles on parameters such as volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient kLa, specific interfacial area a, gas holdup epsilong, bubble size dB, and average bubble residence time tau, was conducted. Both dimensional and dimensionless correlations were generated and conclusions were drawn.
The work was carried out in the context of the industrial experience that stirred tank reactors are widely used in both metallurgical and chemical engineering processes that often involve gas absorption in two and three phase systems. The effect of solids loading on the oxygen absorption rate in stirred tank reactors is complex due to the interactions between bubbles and solid particles, and also between other parameters. The measurement of some parameters, such as bubble size, specific interfacial area, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, is difficult, and there are many discrepancies in the literature with respect to the form of the correlation for oxygen absorption rate and bubble size and also the explanation of the internal mechanisms.
The present work found that kLa decreased with increasing solids volume fraction. This decrease was as much as 50% when solids loading was increased from 0 (water) to 14 vol% at a superficial gas velocity of 0.64 cm/s and a impeller speed of 400 rpm. The primary reason for this was due to the enhancing effect of solids on bubble coalescence and the increase of slurry density. Kolmogroff's turbulence theory was proved not applicable to the present STR and conditions. The cause for this was believed to be due to the fact that the power density in the STR was far from homogeneous, and the dynamic equilibrium between bubble breakup and the bubble coalescence was not established.
Bubble size, dB, was found to be increased by increasing solids volume fraction. The increase was due to the direct enhancing effect of solids on bubble coalescence and due to less bubble recirculation, i.e., change of the bulk flow pattern, with increased solids loading. There was no direct relationship found between a change of the apparent viscosity of slurry and a change of bubble size. Therefore, the manner by which many people incorporated apparent viscosity into the correlation of dB is inappropriate.
To properly describe the extent of bubble coalescence in three phase systems, a new parameter, the coalescence factor, fc, was defined in the present work. It was found that the coalescence factor decreased with increasing solids volume fraction and power input, but decreased with increasing superficial gas velocity.

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Lee, Jessy Ju Lian. "Process intensification of nitrous gas absorption." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15618.

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The absorption of nitrogen oxides in water has important applications in nitric acid manufacture and pollution control. The design for optimum absorption efficiency and air pollution control has made necessary the installation of large reaction chambers and absorption towers for the adequate oxidation and absorption of nitrous gases. The worldwide production of weak acid has seen the progression of the process from the use of low through medium- to high-pressure technology in the efforts of achieving a more compact construction and avoiding the need for catalytic tail-gas treatment in plants with ever increasing capacities. Even at high pressures (8 bar), absorption columns employing sieve plates can reach up to 40 m in height for large-tonnage plants, and the relatively large pressure drop across the plates at these pressures leads to high power consumption and increased costs. As the dimensions of the absorption tower are typically governed by the conditions required for NO oxidation and thermal design, intensification of the process via miniaturisation can address the issues above through the high surface area to volume ratio offered by microreactor technology. The substantial improvement in heat and mass transfer due to the increase in effective exchange surface leads to an acceleration of the slow NO oxidation reaction and the enhancement of absorption rates. In addition to the development of such novel equipment for process intensification, the flow of the process can also be structured to improve process efficiency. An interesting method would be the replacement of the nitrogen ballast typically used in industry with steam, as the concentration of the gases upon condensation can lead to improved gas phase reaction rates. Furthermore, the provision of increased residence times due to the decrease in gas velocity upon condensation also makes the process more efficient. In this way, the size of the absorber can be significantly reduced and the high capital and operating costs associated with the employment of compressors in high pressure plants can be reduced. The objective of this thesis is to gain a fundamental understanding of the complex behaviour of nitric acid production in microchannels and obtain data for the development of a model used for process design and optimisation. Experiments on the oxidation and absorption of xviii nitrogen oxides have been conducted for a wide range of nominal residence times (0.03 – 1.4 s), gas compositions (5 – 10% NO, 5 – 49% O2, 46 – 82% H2O, balance argon), system pressures (2 – 10 bar absolute), mass fluxes (1.5 – 30 kg m-2 s-1), coolant mass fluxes (66 kg m-2 s-1 and 341 kg m-2 s-1), and coolant temperatures (23 – 51ºC) in circular tubes with internal diameters of 1.4 and 3.9 mm. Absorption efficiencies of up to 99% have been achieved without the use of counter-current flow typically employed in conventional nitric acid plants. The use high steam fractions was shown to cause significant improvements in gas phase reaction rates such that the usual industrial practice of applying high system pressures to enhance the NO oxidation reaction becomes unnecessary. Absorption efficiency can also be increased by increasing system pressures, but there are certain limits to which this can be done; a decline in performance may result when pressures are increased sufficiently high such that mass transfer becomes limiting. In addition to decreasing the tube diameter, increasing both the NO concentration and cooling duty also led to improved nitric acid yields. A simple model of condensing two-phase shear-driven annular flows, in which both laminar and turbulent regimes are valid and the vapour-liquid interface is assumed to be smooth, have been constructed and compared against experimental data. The model qualitatively captures most of the effects observed, but the presence of uncertainties in model parameters and the use of particular assumptions on the flow pattern and structure of the interface had to be compensated for through the use of a model fitted parameter iAθ. Larger corrections to the model were required in cases where the fluid was tending towards slug or plug flow, such as systems employing high H2O/NO ratios, since the interfacial area between vapour and liquid would be larger than that obtained if annular flow was assumed to occur under the same conditions. Higher values of iAθwere also found to give better fit to the experimental data at short nominal residence times (< 0.10 s) for absorption carried out under high system pressures, high oxygen partial pressures or high NO partial pressures, presumably due to incorrect representation of the overall heat and mass transfer flux under these conditions, among other things such as the parameter uncertainties, the presence of interfacial waves and the possibility of a flow regime transition from annular to intermittent flow. On the other hand, interfacial area multipliers less than unity were better suited to larger xix channels due to the possibility of flow stratification which acts to decrease the interfacial area and hence the nitric acid yield. The predictions of the model were subsequently used to determine the operating conditions optimal for the production of nitric acid in microreactors on a larger scale. In most of the cases considered, the pressure drop across the absorber length was found to be relatively small, hence much smaller channels can be utilised for increased absorption efficiency without considerable loss in pressure. It was also shown that most of the heat liberated near the inlet of the absorber stems from the release of latent heat of condensation, while chemical reactions account for most of the heat released downstream of the reactor. The absorption volume required for the commercial production of nitric acid in microchannels was compared against that typically employed by current industrial absorbers. The volume of the microreactor system was found to be about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than its larger counterpart. Although additional volume may be required for distillation of the weaker acid produced from the smaller system, substantial reduction in plant size can still be achieved since the volume of the cooler-condenser was excluded from the industrial plant calculations while the physical and chemical reactions involved in the cooler-condenser are already inherent in the microreactor system. In summary, the results of the experiments and model simulations have demonstrated that the absorption of nitrous gases in microchannels with the use of a steam ballast and close-to-stoichiometric quantities of oxygen can lead to intensification of the process, thus presenting an opportunity for a paradigm shift in nitric acid production.

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Cottet, Aurelien. "Acoustic absorption measurements for characterisation of gas mixing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12428.

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Thornton, Lee James. "Diode laser absorption studies of gas phase species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5119b209-f6ee-4525-8d01-36276eaa30a5.

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Sensitive and selective absorption spectroscopy techniques are applied to the detection of the excited species present in a range of low pressure inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs). The state densities and temperatures of various species are investigated across the parameter space accessible (plasma power and pressure) to aid in the understanding of the kinetic processes occurring. The experimental methods are based upon various forms of absorption spectroscopy, incorporating wavelength modulation and/or an optical enhancement cavity. The probing radiation is generated either directly using a CW diode laser or indirectly through the use of frequency conversion techniques. The absolute number densities of all four levels (1s₂, 1s₃, 1s₄ and 1s₅) present in the first excited manifold of atomic argon and neon are determined as a function of plasma operating conditions. A kinetic model is constructed to simulate these populations using cross-sections taken from the literature together with further measurements on the electron density and temperature obtained with a Langmuir probe. The model elucidates the importance of populational redistribution within the 1s manifold via excitation to the 2p_n levels, and highlights the mechanism of radiative decay (with radiative trapping taken into account) as the ultimate loss route for the 1s manifold. Measurements are made using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) on the 2p₅ and 2p₆ state densities in argon in order to draw additional conclusions about the nature of the discharge and to verify the kinetic model. The populations of the 1s₃ and 1s₄ states are probed in a neon plasma with helium, argon and nitrogen as a dopant gas, with the aim of manipulating the EEDFs. The addition of N₂ and Ar to the neon discharge resulted in a reduction in the 1s₃ and 1s₄ populations, while the addition of He resulted in an increase. These observations are consistent with a decrease and an increase, respectively, in the electron temperatures. The populations of the vibrational levels v = 0, 1, 3, and 6 of the A(³Σ_u⁺) state of molecular nitrogen are determined as a function of plasma operating conditions in a N₂ discharge using CEAS. A selection of vibrational bands within the B(³Π_g)←A(³Σ_u⁺) system are probed, with calibration achieved using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. At 25 mTorr and 200 W power the populations of the v = 0, 1,3, and 6 levels are (1.31 ± 0.16) × 10¹¹ cm^-3, (8.44 ± 1.01) × 10¹⁰ cm^-3, (2.83 ± 0.34) × 10¹⁰ cm^-3 and (5.27 ± 0.63) × 10⁹ cm^-3, respectively, corresponding to a vibrational temperature of 3600 ± 150 K. In addition, the observation of the N₂⁺(X²Σ_g⁺) molecular ion in v = 0 using both CEAS and CEAS in combination with wavelength modulation spectroscopy is presented (which is found to improve the sensitivity for this measurement by approximately an order of magnitude). At 10 mTorr and 400 W the total population in N₂⁺(X²Σg⁺, v = 0) is (1.26 ± 0.15) × 10⁹ molecules cm^-3, consistent with data obtained using a Langmuir probe. The density of oxygen atoms present in their ground state (³P₂) is investigated using the technique of CEAS, and at 500 W and 100 mTorr the concentration is estimated to be (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10¹⁴ cm^-3. This corresponds to a dissociation efficiency, δ, of O₂ of 0.06. Furthermore, a difference frequency generation (DFG) system is constructed to generate radiation at 1.9 μm in order to probe the (0,0) band of the O₂(b¹Σ_g⁺←a¹Δ_g) quadrupolar system. A minimum detectable absorbance of 1.3 × 10^-5 over a 10 cm cell is determined by calibrating the system on an ammonia absorption, placing a limit of 1.8 × 10¹⁶ cm^-3 on the total v = 0 population of O₂(a¹Δ_g) in a microwave discharge operating with 5 Torr pure O₂.

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7

Foo, James. "Laser absorption spectroscopy and tomography of gas flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/laser-absorption-spectroscopy-and-tomography-of-gas-flows(47a30c34-4290-4b28-bcb4-bbfa94cc5859).html.

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This research focuses on developing optical sensing systems for 2D and 3D spatial monitoring of temperature and concentration distribution profiles of complex or reacting gas flows. Non-invasive, species specific and sensitive nature of monitoring allows spatial information to be extracted from harsh environments with poor physical access, allowing validation of computational models or process monitoring. This is suitable for processes like combustion engines or sealed atmospheric cloud chambers. A novel line-of-sight (LOS) Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy(TDLAS) system using a preselected laser diode centred at 7212.88 cm-1 was first designed to monitor the change of relative humidity (water vapour concentration) during an expansion process within the Manchester Ice Cloud Chamber (MICC), operating from atmospheric pressure, down to 0.7 atm. The experimental results were validated with an Aerosol Cloud Precipitation Interaction Model (ACPIM) simulation, feasible for tomography applications. The MICC shares similar combustion monitoring challenges such as minimal optical access or reactive gas flows. The TDLAS system developed for the MICC was then used as a foundation design for a TDLAS tomography setup capable of conducting temporal two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) concentration and temperature imaging. This system uses the principle of two-line thermometry, centred within the near infrared (NIR) region of 7181.93cm-1 and 7179.8 cm-1. The laser was divided into 4 simultaneous parallel beams using a 1 × 4 fiber coupler (4 LOS). Using a motorised platform, the beams were projected at 0.5° interval, from 0° to 179° angle within 3.6 s, around the exhaust of two asymmetrical shaped flame burners. A total of 360 projection slices comprised of 1440 integrated absorbance data were used per tomogram reconstruction. By solving for the spatial distribution of temperature first, the concentration distribution of water vapour could be then calculated. Reconstruction algorithms (Filtered Back Projection, Fourier Slice Reconstruction and Direct Fourier Reconstruction (DFR)) were compared using a range of criteria. The DFR method was selected as the best method at 700 zero padding, with a spatial in-plane resolution of 1-2 lp/cm, pixel resolution of 128 by 128, thermocouple temperature validations of ±5°C and a relative mean error performance of 8.12%. The concentration could not be validated due to the lack of a mass spectrometer.3D volumetric monitoring results took 36 seconds to complete, and was constructed using 10 interpolated parallel, 1 cm height interval spaced tomograms. Independent vertical slices along the x-axis and y-axis could also be extracted. The temporal results were also successfully conducted and consisted of a quick succession of 16 experiments at a temporal resolution of 0.28 frames per second. A tomographic system that performs 3D and 2D temporal sensing was successfully developed and validated. Although 3D work was conducted using planar imaging or hyperspectral tomography, no work has been conducted so far using NIR TDLAS systems to date.

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Hekimat-Nazemi, Ali. "Gas absorption in mobile beds of spherical packings." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8884/.

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Experiments have been conducted to investigate the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of some alternative mobile bed packings. The polypropylene packings used in this work were 50 x 38 mm oblate spheroids, 38 mm diameter plain spheres, 25 mm diameter plain spheres and 25 mm diameter slotted spheres. The perspex column was 22 cm internal diameter and 144 cm high and was fitted with a supporting grid having 72% open area. In the hydrodynamics studies, air and water were passed counter currently through the column. Bed pressure drop, mean expanded bed height, minimum expanding gas velocity and volume of liquid hold up for all of the packings were measured at different air and water rates and with two bed static heights of 10.5 and 16.5 cm. The general hydrodynamic behaviour of the fluidized packings has been observed and factors influencing pressure drop, liquid hold up, expanded bed height and minimum expanding velocity have been identified. Evidence for gas and liquid flow through the interiors of the slotted packings and giving rise to higher liquid hold up and a smoother quality of fluidization as compared with the other packings has been found. Plain spheres and oblate spheroid packings appeared to have almost identical hydrodynamic behaviour, although the oblate spheroid was found to show more slugging fluctuation in the bed height at high gas veloci ti e s . In mass transfer studies, dilute C02 (2% voV Vol) was absorbed into sodium hydroxide solutions and the interfacial area and liquid film transfer coefficient were thereby established employing the pseudo first order reaction model for the rate of absorption (known generally as the Danckwerts' model) (41). The experimental results on the Danckwerts' plot lay on a straight line and therefore confirmed the applicability of the Danckwerts' model from which (kL) and (a) could be estimated. The interfacial area per unit volume of expanded bed (a) and per unit volume static bed (as) was found to be higher for the slotted packings than for the plain sphere packings and the oblate spheroid packi ngs. The interfacial area per unit volume of liquid hold up (aL) was higher for the plain sphere packing than for the oblate spheroid and the slotted sphere packings, however, the (a) and (as) for the plain sphere packings were higher than for the oblate spheroid packings. The liquid film transfer coefficient for the slotted sphere packings was higher than for the other packings and was found to be almost the same for the plain sphere and the oblate spheroid packings. The operational mass transfer efficiency (defined as the ratio of the volumetric liquid film mass transfer coefficient to the fluid energy consumption in the bed) for the oblate spheroid packings was found to be higher than for the plain and slotted sphere packings. This efficiency ratio was also found to be higher for the slotted packings than for the plain sphere packings. Finally, the slotted packings appear to offer high volumetric mass transfer coefficients with a smoother quality of fluidization and homogeneous contacting of gas and liquid.

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Thompson, Alexander W. J. "Multimode absorption spectroscopy of CO and CO₂ gas mixtures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebcb2031-1165-414e-88d8-69465bdaf291.

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The development of multimode absorption spectroscopy (MUMAS) for multi-species detec- tion and its potential for process control or environmental monitoring is reported. The simultaneous detection of CO and CO2 is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment for applications in industrially relevant gas species monitoring. The technique of MUMAS is extended to the near infrared in order to detect these and other industrially relevant species. A laser was designed and constructed to emit a multimode spectrum in the region of 1.57um to take advantage of the spectral overlap of the second vibrational overtone of CO and the combination band 3ν1 + ν3 of CO2. The laser consisted of a semi-confocal cavity employing an Er:Yb glass chip as the gain medium. The laser was pumped by a 1W laser diode at 980nm and emitted up to 30mW in a bandwidth of 180GHz. The laser emitted between 6-10 modes depending upon the selective cavity length. Mode spacings varied between 18GHz to 33GHz with an individual mode linewidth of less than 8MHz. The laser modes were simultaneously scanned using a piezo-electric transducer (PZT) in order to modulate the cavity length at frequencies between 1Hz and 10Hz. A system for linearizing the MUMAS spectra with respect to frequency was devised based on a transmission spectra of a confocal Fabry-Perot etalon. Refinements to the MUMAS fitting code were developed to improve the computational efficiency. An initial demonstration of MUMAS on a known gas mixture of CO and CO2 was per- formed. The ratio of CO:CO2 concentrations in the gas mixture was measured with an accuracy of 0.4% which was within the supplier’s quoted uncertainty. MUMAS is then applied to the detection of CO and CO2 concentrations in exhaust gas produced by a 1.3 litre 4-cylinder turbo-charged spark ignition engine. Relative and absolute concentrations were derived from MUMAS signals and values compared to measurements using a 4-gas analyser. Concentrations of CO and CO2 were measured using MUMAS to a precision of 0.17% and 0.23% respectively compared to less than 0.1% for the 4-gas analyser. Ratios of CO and CO2 were determined with a precision of 0.28 using MUMAS compared to 0.11 with the 4-gas analyser. The detection limit of CO was found to be 1486ppm in these circumstances. Finally a discussion is presented of potential improvements arising from wavelength mod- ulation spectroscopy and cavity enhancement techniques.

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Martin, Margarita. "Synthesis of heat integrated gas separation systems incorporating absorption." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:228857.

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There is an economic incentive to substitute energy and capital-intensive conventional gas separation schemes based on cryogenic distillation. Absorption has potential advantages over low-temperature schemes as it does not rely on high refrigeration requirements to perform the separation. An optimisation-based synthesis framework has been developed that integrates distillation and absorption-desorption schemes. This methodology is able to quantitatively resolve the numerous tradeoffs between the various capital and operating factors and systematically suggest new design configurations. A multilevel modelling approach enables the accommodation of absorption-desorption separation options in the distillation orientated framework supported by COLOM® (©Centre for Process Integration, University of Manchester). Improved shortcut models for reboiled absorption and distillation columns have been proposed, which are suitable for exploitation in the developed synthesis framework. A new methodology for heat integration is proposed that achieves efficient heat recovery and proposes a configuration of the heat exchanger network. This methodology works in harmony with the optimisation framework. Simultaneous optimisation of the separation system, the heat exchanger network and the refrigeration system offers the opportunity of achieving a superior overall configuration. The structural and operating variables of the separation system are optimised by Simulated Annealing. As a stochastic optimisation method, SA can deal with the large scale of the problem and its discontinuous and non-linear nature imposed by the feasibility limits of the separations and the model equations. The optimal separation configurations are selected on the grounds of minimum capital and operating costs. An analysis of costing methods is provided which aims at rationalising the basis for cost estimation. The application of the developed synthesis methodology is illustrated by a number of examples of relevance to the natural gas processing and refinery gas processing. Results will emphasise the functionality of the methodology as a tool for quantitative evaluation of preliminary designs and realisation of highly integrated and efficient process concepts.

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Books on the topic "Gas absorption"

1

Yang, R. T. Gas separation by adsorption processes. Boston: Butterworths, 1987.

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Yang, R. T. Gas separation by adsorption processes. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997.

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1943-, Rousseau Ronald W., Ferrell J. K, and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Performance and modeling of a hot potassium carbonate acid gas removal system in treating coal gas: Project summary. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1988.

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Budzianowski, Wojciech M., ed. Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas-Liquid Absorption. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47262-1.

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Kister, Henry Z. Equipment for distillation, gas absorption, phase dispersion, and phase separation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Gas adsorption/absorption heat switch: Final report of phase 1. Pasadena, Calif: The Laboratory, 1987.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The frequency and distribution of high-velocity gas in the galaxy: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (Columbia University) and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Strong associated C IV absorption in low redshift quasars. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Astrophysics Data Program, 1989.

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1936-, Wissmann P., ed. Thin metal films and gas chemisorption. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Bri͡ukhanov, O. N. Radiat͡sionnyĭ gazovyĭ nagrev. Leningrad: "Nedra," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gas absorption"

1

Ghasem, Nayef. "Gas Absorption." In Computer Methods in Chemical Engineering, 315–75. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003167365-7.

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Tytler, David, Xiao-Ming Fan, Scott Burles, Lance Cottrell, Christopher Davis, David Kirkman, and Lin Zuo. "Ionization and Abundances of Intergalactic Gas." In QSO Absorption Lines, 289–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49458-4_58.

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Wiegleb, Gerhard. "IR Absorption Photometer." In Gas Measurement Technology in Theory and Practice, 373–486. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37232-3_7.

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Wiegleb, Gerhard. "UV Absorption Photometer." In Gas Measurement Technology in Theory and Practice, 487–523. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37232-3_8.

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Wampler, E. J. "The Absorption Spectrum of Nuclear Gas in Q 0059-2735." In QSO Absorption Lines, 237–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49458-4_47.

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Combes, F., and T. Wiklind. "Absorption Measurements of Molecular Gas." In Cold Gas at High Redshift, 215–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2_22.

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Yonemura, S., M. Yokozawa, S. Kawashima, and H. Tsuruta. "Trace Gas Absorption by Soil." In Computational Methods for Flow and Transport in Porous Media, 371–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1114-2_25.

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Wiegleb, Gerhard. "Basics of Radiation Absorption." In Gas Measurement Technology in Theory and Practice, 337–71. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37232-3_6.

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Wolfe, A. M. "Evolution of the Neutral Gas and Metal Content of Damped Lyman Alpha Systems." In QSO Absorption Lines, 13–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49458-4_2.

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Wiklind, T., and F. Combes. "A new Molecular Absorption Line System." In Cold Gas at High Redshift, 227–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gas absorption"

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Al Hadhrami, Maitha Zuhair, Mohammad Abdel Fattah Alalaween, Antonio Lugay Mateo, Abdulmajeed Abdulla Al Blooshi, Khalid Yousuf Kahoor, Saeed Ali Al Yileili, and Rashid Salem Al Suwaidi. "Factors Affecting CO2 Absorption in Water Using a Gas Absorption Packed Column." In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214122-ms.

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Abstract Population growth is directly associated with increase in energy demand. Amplification in industrial activity has led to a drastic escalation in greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming. The major gas involves carbon dioxide, accounting for 76% emitted from different industrial sectors. The oil and gas industry alone is responsible for 90% of these emissions. Removing CO2 is a vital process in the gas industry which must be undertaken. Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies have evolved through the years due to the necessity of the current world-wide shared goal, to attain net zero. Several combustion methods have been developed to capture CO2 during actual operations at fossil fuel power plants, at natural gas processing plants and at coal gasification plants. However, methods that are based on chemical and physical absorptions have been most widely used. One example is the gas absorption-based method which requires low energy consumption and has been proven to be cost-effective. Using certain water types, mixed with minute concentration of chemical solvent, it can readily absorb CO2. This approach will be used in the following research study to investigate gas absorption rate using different water samples that pass through a packed column, thereby enhancing the mass transfer of gas component. In this study, the gas absorption experiments were carried out using SOLTEQ gas absorption unit containing DN 80 packed column with glass Raschig rings and with an effective column height of 1000 mm (Figure 1). Under constant operating conditions, the temperature and pressure were set to 24°C and 2 bars, respectively, to investigate the impact of pH level and conductivity of various types of water on CO2 absorption at different gas flow rate. The statistical analysis indicates that TDS and conductivity have a stronger correlation with gas absorption (P=0.99) than pH (P=0.76). The average CO2 absorption of the three samples at different flow rates (e.g., 0.8, 1.3, and 2.2 LPM) ranged from 36.40 in sample 1 to 69.50 in sample 2 at flow rate 2.2 LPM. Overall, samples 2 and 3, neutral to base with pH value of 7.25 and 8, respectively, have a statistically significant negative correlation with average CO2 absorption, whereas the acidic (pH = 5.42) sample 1 has significant positive correlation between the two variables (R2 = 0.99). Overall, samples 2 and 3, which are neutral to base with pH values of 7.25 and 8, have a statistically significant negative correlation with average CO2 absorption. In contrast, the acidic (pH = 5.42) sample 1 has a significant positive correlation between the two variables (R2= 0.99). This study provides optimal operating conditions for the CO2 absorption process. However, additional research is required to investigate the effect of other physical and chemical properties of water on CO2 absorption.

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Powers, Peter E., Thomas J. Kulp, and Randall B. Kennedy. "Differential backscatter absorption gas imaging." In AeroSense '97. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.280320.

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Crawford, Steve, John Korpiel, and Oscar Velastegui. "Degasification by Absorption-Based Gas Stripping." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187389-ms.

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Lugovkin, V. V., S. A. Ermakov, and S. Ya Zhuravlev. "Computer Simulation of Absorption Gas Cleaning." In 2018 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rusautocon.2018.8501723.

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Mohebati, Arman, and Terence A. King. "Differential Absorption Fibre-Optic Gas Sensor." In 1988 International Congress on Optical Science and Engineering, edited by Ralf T. Kersten. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.949312.

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Li, Liucheng, Liping Duo, Deyu Gong, Yanhua Ma, Zhiguo Zhang, Yuanhu Wang, Dongjian Zhou, and Yuqi Jin. "Studies of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for weak absorption gas measurements." In XXI International Symposium on High Power Laser Systems and Applications, edited by Dieter Schuoecker, Richard Majer, and Julia Brunnbauer. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2256664.

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Hvozdara, Lubos, Stefan Gianordoli, Gottfried Strasser, Werner Schrenk, Karl Unterrainer, Erich Gornik, V. V. Pustogov, et al. "Gas absorption spectroscopy using GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade lasers and a hollow waveguide absorption cell." In Environmental and Industrial Sensing, edited by Brian Culshaw, James A. Harrington, Michael A. Marcus, and Mohammed Saad. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.417417.

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Malinina, O. S., A. V. Baranenko, Mushtaq A. Al-Furaiji, E. E. Lydova, and K. A. Komarov. "Thermodynamic cycle of Lithium bromide absorption chiller with two-stage absorption and three-stage generation with associated mass flow." In OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (OGE-2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075098.

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Pripolzin, S. I. "BWO frequency stabilization using gas absorption line." In International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications 1994. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2303126.

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Peters, S. W., E. Lichman, P. H. Wilson, Y. Mingshen, L. Shijun, Y. Yukui, Z. Y. Jiang, and W. Y. Hong. "Direct Gas Detection Using Wavelet Energy Absorption." In 65th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.6.e32.

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Reports on the topic "Gas absorption"

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Veronica J. Rutledge. Dynamic Absorption Model for Off-Gas Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027923.

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Cottet, Aurelien, Lei Wu, Andrew Meyers, David Scarborough, and Tim Lieuwen. Acoustic Absorption Measurements for Characterization of Gas Mixing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429206.

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Sun, Steve, and Chuni Ghosh. Medical Gas Diagnosis Via Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299343.

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Liang Hu. CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATION BY PHASE ENHANCED GAS-LIQUID ABSORPTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890991.

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Liang Hu. CO2 Capture from Flue Gas by Phase Transitional Absorption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/975092.

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Liang Hu and Adeyinka A. Adeyiga. CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATION BY PHASE ENHANCED GAS-LIQUID ABSORPTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825592.

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Liang Hu. Carbon Dioxide Separation from Flue Gas by Phase Enhanced Absorption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901079.

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Liang Hu, Jr Victor Roberts, and Monica J. Wood. Carbon Dioxide Separation from Flue Gas By Phase Enhanced Absorption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861526.

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Tim Fout. Carbon Dioxide Separation from Flue Gas by Phase Enhanced Absorption. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945929.

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Sirkar, K. K., S. Majumdar, and S. Bhaumik. Rapid pressure swing absorption cleanup of post-shift reactor synthesis gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5512659.

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