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Journal articles on the topic 'Gas expanded ethanol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Sih, Roderick, M. Armenti, R. Mammucari, F. Dehghani, and Neil R. Foster. "Viscosity measurements on saturated gas-expanded liquid systems—Ethanol and carbon dioxide." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 43, no. 3 (2008): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2007.08.001.

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2

Sakai, Hiroki, Kento Ono, Shinichi Tokunaga, Tanjina Sharmin, Taku Michael Aida, and Kenji Mishima. "Extraction of Natural Pigments from Gardenia Jasminoides J.Ellis Fruit Pulp Using CO2-Expanded Liquids and Direct Sonication." Separations 8, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8010001.

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In this work, a carbon dioxide-expanded liquid (CXL) extraction system was used with or without direct sonication for the extraction of highly polar natural pigments (crocin-1 and crocin-2) from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit pulp. The effects of different parameters, including modifiers (ethanol, water, aqueous ethanol), temperature (5–25 °C), pressure (8–14 MPa), and sonication time (0–200 s) on extraction concentrations were examined using the CXL system. Aqueous ethanol (50% or 80%, v/v) was selected for the CXL system as a modifier due to its efficiency. The best conditions for extracti

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3

Hou, Kun, Dongfang Zheng, Yong Zhao, Ting Wang, Yafeng Yang, and Cheng Li. "Extract of Albizia kalkora leaves." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part A (2020): 1721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190523044h.

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In this paper, a mixture of methanol, ethanol, benzene and ethanol were used to extract the leaves of Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain. Then, using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), pyrolysis as chromatography - mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and other advanced instruments Albizia kalkoraleaves were analyzed to determine their composition. According to the test data, Albizia kalkoraleaves contain epinephrine, trans squalene, stachydrine and other chemical components with high medicinal value, indicating that Alb

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4

David, Andreea, Fang Wang, Xiaoming Sun, et al. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Essential Oil Extracted by Carbon Dioxide Expanded Ethanol." Molecules 24, no. 10 (2019): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101897.

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In the present study, the composition of essential oil isolated from the roots of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, harvested in China, was studied, along with the bioactivities. A green novel method using an eco-friendly solvent, CO2-pressurized ethanol, or carbon dioxide expanded ethanol (CXE) was employed to isolate the essential oil from the root of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash with the purpose of replacing the traditional method and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). After investigating the major operating factors of CXE, the optimal conditions were obtained as follows: 8.4 MPa, 50 °

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Zoutberg, George R., and Peter de Been. "The biobed® EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) system covers shortcomings of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in the chemical industry." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 10 (1997): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0381.

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In this paper a new type of anaerobic reactor is presented. The system has been developed by Biothane Systems and is marketed under the name Biobed® EGSB reactor (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed). In this reactor it is possible to grow and maintain a granular sludge under high liquid (10 m/h) and gas velocities (7 m/h). The most striking feature is the growth of biomass in a granular form, similar to the UASB granules: no carrier material is used. The process is specially suitable to treat waste water that contains compounds that are toxic in high concentrations and that only can be degraded in l

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6

Barrett-Lennard, E. G., P. van Ratingen, and Moira H. Mathie. "The developing pattern of damage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the combined stresses of salinity and hypoxia: experiments under controlled conditions suggest a methodology for plant selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 2 (1999): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98076.

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The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gamenya) to the interaction of salinity and hypoxia was examined by growing plants under glasshouse conditions in salinised nutrient solutions bubbled with air or N2 gas. Expts 1 and 2 examined the effects of 7 days of salinity and hypoxia on young (13–20-day-old) plants. These experiments showed that (a) hypoxia substantially increased net rates of Na+ and Cl uptake to the shoots, (b) hypoxia increased Na+ and Cl concentrations in the expanded leaves but not in the expanding leaf, and (c) these changes preceded adverse effects on shoot growth. E

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7

Vera, Ivan, Birka Wicke, and Floor van der Hilst. "Spatial Variation in Environmental Impacts of Sugarcane Expansion in Brazil." Land 9, no. 10 (2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100397.

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In the past decades, sugarcane production in Brazil has expanded rapidly to meet increasing ethanol demand. The large majority of this expansion occurred in Sao Paulo state. We used an integrated approach considering location-specific biophysical characteristics to determine the environmental impacts of sugarcane expansion and their spatial variation in Sao Paulo state (2004–2015). The included environmental impacts are greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, biodiversity, soil erosion, and water quantity. All impacts were integrated into a single environmental performance index to determine trade-off

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8

Giannouri, M., Th Kalampaliki, N. Todorova, et al. "One-Step Synthesis of TiO2/Perlite Composites by Flame Spray Pyrolysis and Their Photocatalytic Behavior." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/729460.

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TiO2/perlite composites were prepared via facile one-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) route. Titanium alkoxide (TIPO) and expanded perlite were used as Ti source and substrate, respectively. Precursor TIPO-ethanol solutions containing homogeneously dispersed perlite particles were processed through FSP setup at different experimental conditions regarding the gas flow and precursor supply rates. The structure, morphology, and the composition of the obtained powders were investigated. The porosity and the light absorbance of the TiO2/perlite composites were examined and their photocatalytic acti

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9

Singh, Akhilendra Pratap, and Avinash Kumar Agarwal. "Experimental evaluation of sensitivity of low-temperature combustion to intake charge temperature and fuel properties." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 7 (2017): 732–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417730215.

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Main challenge for mineral diesel in achieving low-temperature combustion is its poor volatility characteristics, which results in relatively inferior fuel–air mixtures. In this experimental study, feasibility of mineral diesel–fueled premixed homogeneous charge compression ignition (PHCCI) combustion was explored by employing an external charge preparation technique. An external mixing device called “fuel vaporizer” was developed for improving the fuel–air mixing. To investigate the effect of fuel properties on PHCCI combustion, this study was carried out using a variety of additives blended

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10

Fackler, Nick, Björn D. Heijstra, Blake J. Rasor, et al. "Stepping on the Gas to a Circular Economy: Accelerating Development of Carbon-Negative Chemical Production from Gas Fermentation." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1 (2021): 439–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120120-021122.

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Owing to rising levels of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and oceans, climate change poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges globally. Technologies that enable carbon capture and conversion of greenhouse gases into useful products will help mitigate climate change by enabling a new circular carbon economy. Gas fermentation usingcarbon-fixing microorganisms offers an economically viable and scalable solution with unique feedstock and product flexibility that has been commercialized recently. We review the state of the art of gas fermentation and discuss opportunities

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11

Zhu, Hongmei, Zhengjie Zhang, and Xuchuan Jiang. "Glycothermal Synthesis of VO2(B) Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing Application." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (2020): 1946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17167.

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This study represents a facile but efficient glycothermal method for synthesis of vanadium dioxide, VO2(B) nanoparticles with various geometries from spheres to rods, flakes or their agglomeration structures, by controlling reaction conditions (e.g., vanadium resources, reducing agents and surfactants). The as-prepared VO2(B) nanoparticles were characterized in microstructure and composition, and also examined in terms of gas sensing performance. It was found that the VO2(B) nanoparticles exhibit a good sensitivity towards alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol) and acetone at the optimis

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12

Shutenko, O., and O. Kulyk. "Analysis of gas content in oil-filled equipment with defects for which ethane is the key gas." Lighting engineering and power engineering 2, no. 58 (2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-2-58-33-42.

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The article presents results of a comprehensive analysis of the gas content in oil of 252 pieces of high-voltage equipment with defects, for which ethane is the key gas. There are 14 types of defects with maximum ethane content, which correspond both to overheating with temperature 150-300°C and low temperature overheating accompanied by discharges with different energy density (partial discharges, spark discharges, discharges with low and high energy density, arc discharges). The most typical defects are analysed and examples of their recognition by different researchers are given. For each t

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13

Hemme, Christopher L., Housna Mouttaki, Yong-Jin Lee, et al. "Sequencing of Multiple Clostridial Genomes Related to Biomass Conversion and Biofuel Production." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 24 (2010): 6494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01064-10.

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ABSTRACT Modern methods to develop microbe-based biomass conversion processes require a system-level understanding of the microbes involved. Clostridium species have long been recognized as ideal candidates for processes involving biomass conversion and production of various biofuels and other industrial products. To expand the knowledge base for clostridial species relevant to current biofuel production efforts, we have sequenced the genomes of 20 species spanning multiple genera. The majority of species sequenced fall within the class III cellulosome-encoding Clostridium and the class V sacc

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14

Kuptsov, N. V., and M. S. Samodurov. "State support for petrochemicals and invenstments in Russian Arctic opens up new opportunities for the development of hydrocarbon resource base." PROneft’. Proffessional’no o nefti 6, no. 2 (2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51890/2587-7399-2021-6-2-99-106.

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The new vector of the energy policy of the Russian Federation, aimed at the development of non-resource exports, was supported in 2020 by the adoption of key federal laws that stimulate gas processing (ethane and LPG) and business activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. These changes are an incentive for the implementation of innovative projects with an expanded technological chain with the production of products with high added value. Arctic gas condensate fields in the Russian Federation are acquiring additional potential to significantly increase the value and monetize larg

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15

Sutton, Robert P. "Fundamental PVT Calculations for Associated and Gas/Condensate Natural-Gas Systems." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 03 (2007): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97099-pa.

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Summary Problems with existing procedures used to estimate gas pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties are identified. The situation is reviewed, and methods are proposed to alleviate these problems. Natural gases are derived from two basic sources: associated gas, which is liberated from oil, and gas condensates, where hydrocarbon liquid, if present, is vaporized in the gas phase. The two gases are fundamentally different in that a high-gravity associated gas is typically rich in ethane through pentane, while gas condensates are rich in heptanes-plus. Additionally, either type of gas may

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16

Harihastuti, Nani, and Bekti Marlena. "Bioenergy Potential Based on Vinasse From Ethanol Industrial Waste to Green Energy Sustainability." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183102015.

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The waste water from alcohol industry is called vinasse has a high organic content, with BOD5 = 109.038 mg / l, COD = 353.797 mg / l and TSS = 7200 mg / l, pH 4-5 with a temperature of around 40-50ºC. The current treatment of alcohol waste water, most still using facultative anaerobic technology with open ponds that are only covered with HDPE plastics. This technology produces less optimal biogas and has a weakness that is the hydraulic residence time (HRT) for long (40-50 days), wide land needs, low COD reduction efficiency as well as high risk of fire and leakage of biogas release high to tr

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17

Flores, R. M., V. G. McDonell, and G. S. Samuelsen. "Impact of Ethane and Propane Variation in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 3 (2003): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1584480.

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In the area of stationary power generation, there exists a growing interest in understanding the role that gaseous fuel composition plays on the performance of natural gas-fired gas turbine systems. In this study, an atmospherically fired model gas turbine combustor with a fuel flexible fuel/air premixer is employed to investigate the impact of significant amounts of ethane and propane addition into a baseline natural gas fuel supply. The impacts of these various fuel compositions, in terms of the emissions of NOx and CO, and the coupled impact of the degree of fuel/air mixing, are captured ex

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18

Cox, Douglas A. "Gibberellic Acid Reverses Effects of Excess Paclobutrazol on Geranium." HortScience 26, no. 1 (1991): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.1.39.

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Paclobutrazol (PBZ) was applied to `Mustang' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey) as a single growth-medium drench at 0.06 mg a.i./pot or as a single foliar spray at 100 mg·liter-l when the plants had three to four expanded true leaves (34 days after sowing). At these rates, PBZ caused excessive growth suppression but plants flowered earlier than untreated controls. A single foliar spray of gibberellic acid (GA) at 100 mg·liter-l applied 0 (same day), 7, 14, or 21 days after PBZ reversed the growth suppression caused by PBZ. Plants treated with GA30 or 7 days after PBZ were as tall or

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19

Talasila, P. Chowdary, and Arthur C. Cameron. "Free Volume Changes in Modified-atmosphere Packages Containing Fresh Produce: Measurement and Control." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 817E—817. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.817e.

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Flexible modified-atmosphere (MA) packages of fruits and vegetables can shrink or expand with time depending on the net flux of gas from the package to the surroundings. Excessive shrinkage can cause product damage if the tissue is fragile. However, reducing free volume should reduce the amount moisture loss and condensation. It would be useful to understand the factors that determine the rate and direction of free volume changes when applying MA packaging technology to fruits and vegetables. Free volume was measured in packages using a simple procedure based on dilution of injected ethane gas

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20

Foster, Gillian. "Low-Carbon Futures for Bioethylene in the United States." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101958.

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The manufacture of the chemical ethylene, a key ingredient in plastics, currently depends on fossil-fuel-derived carbon and generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. Substituting ethylene’s fossil fuel feedstock with alternatives is important for addressing the challenge of global climate change. This paper compares four scenarios for meeting future ethylene supply under differing societal approaches to climate change based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The four scenarios use four perspectives: (1) a sustainability-focused pathway that demands a swift transition to a bioeconomy w

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21

Danilenko, T. V., and I. R. Nasirov. "Production of motor benzene via plastic processing as perspective direction of "green" fuel power industry." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2020-10-54-61.

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The paper reviews the topicality and practical significance of the implementation of processing technology of plastic with the purpose of obtaining raw material for manufacturing motor benzene. It is shown that this case is the advantageous strategy for the damage reduction to the environment from the oil-gas complex and usage of commercial gasoline based on the fossil hydrocarbon crude and for the utilization of plastic wastes as well. The perspective technologies of plastic processing including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, hydrothermal liquefaction based on the bibliographic review and the

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22

Zagnitko, V., and V. Mykhailov. "Ukraine's shale bearing strata gas: geochemical features." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (64) (2014): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.64.02.11-18.

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Relevance of research is caused by the need to expand the mineral and resource base of fuel and energy resources in Ukraine. The increasing demand for oil and natural gas, depletion of traditional deposits and rising prices cause the considerable interest in the search for hydrocarbon deposits of unconventional type, therefore the interest in studying of various aspects of oil and gas potential of shale strata of Ukraine is growing every year. An important argument in the development of search criteria and evaluation of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits is the study of their component compos

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23

Salman, Mohamad, Konstantinos Kostarelos, Pushpesh Sharma, and Jae Ho Lee. "Application of Miscible Ethane Foam for Gas EOR Conformance in Low-Permeability Heterogeneous Harsh Environments." SPE Journal 25, no. 04 (2020): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201189-pa.

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Summary Unconventional plays pose a challenging set of operational conditions, including high temperature, high salinity, low permeability, and fracture networks. Aggressive development of these plays and the low primary recovery factors present an opportunity for using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. This work presents a laboratory investigation of miscible ethane (C2H6) foam for gas EOR conformance in low-permeability, heterogeneous, harsh environments [&lt;15 md, 136,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) with divalent ions, 165°F]. The use of C2H6 as an alternative to carbon dioxide

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24

Wilson, D., S. D. Dixon, R. R. E. Artz, et al. "Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the UK." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 10 (2015): 7491–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-7491-2015.

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to higher Tier reporting levels w

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25

Wilson, D., S. D. Dixon, R. R. E. Artz, et al. "Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom." Biogeosciences 12, no. 18 (2015): 5291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5291-2015.

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to higher-tier reporting levels w

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26

"Caloric Delineation of Gasoline Blends using Dsc." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 4 (2020): 2752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d2045.029420.

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Petroleum by-products are now contemporary utilization rate it will be consuming in upcoming periods.Ethanol usage is one of the transport sectors can fulfill the requirement and contribute to mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicles. In order to expand the SI engine which can function on 100% ethanol or append ethanol in petrol and operate the blends of that. The intention of this project is going to prepare the thermal and rheological behavior of pure petrol, E5 and E10, E15 ethanol-gasoline blend. All thermograms of heat flow exhibited at a 35ºC-280ºC temperature range at air

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27

Han, Xiaoye, Kelvin Xie, Jimi Tjong, and Ming Zheng. "Empirical Study of Simultaneously Low NOx and Soot Combustion With Diesel and Ethanol Fuels in Diesel Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, no. 11 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007163.

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Diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) is capable of producing diesel-like efficiency while emitting ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions. Previous work indicates that well-controlled single-shot injection with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an operative way of achieving diesel LTC from low to mid engine loads. However, as the engine load is increased, demanding intake boost and injection pressure are necessary to suppress high soot emissions during the transition to LTC. The use of volatile fuels such as ethanol is deemed capable of promoting the cylinder charge homogeneity

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28

Bourgade, Barbara, Nigel P. Minton, and M. Ahsanul Islam. "Genetic and metabolic engineering challenges of C1-gas fermenting acetogenic chassis organisms." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 45, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuab008.

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ABSTRACT Unabated mining and utilisation of petroleum and petroleum resources and their conversion to essential fuels and chemicals have drastic environmental consequences, contributing to global warming and climate change. In addition, fossil fuels are finite resources, with a fast-approaching shortage. Accordingly, research efforts are increasingly focusing on developing sustainable alternatives for chemicals and fuels production. In this context, bioprocesses, relying on microorganisms, have gained particular interest. For example, acetogens use the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to grow on single

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29

Blouch, John, Hejie Li, Mark Mueller, and Richard Hook. "Fuel Flexibility in LM2500 and LM6000 Dry Low Emission Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, no. 5 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4004213.

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The LM2500 and LM6000 dry-low-emissions aeroderivative gas turbine engines have been in commercial service for 15 years and have accumulated nearly 10 × 106 hours of commercial operation. The majority of these engines utilize pipeline quality natural gas predominantly comprised of methane. There is; however, increasing interest in nonstandard fuels that contain varying levels of higher hydrocarbon species and/or inert gases. This paper reports on the demonstrated operability of LM2500 and LM6000 DLE engines with nonstandard fuels. In particular, rig tests at engine conditions were performed to

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30

Obianagha, Nkem F., Chukwuma J. Okafor, Ufuoma Chukwuani, et al. "Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents of Extracts of Kigelia africana Fruit and Sorghum bicolor, Stalk in Lagos Nigeria." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, March 13, 2021, 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1031233.

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The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients or nutraceuticals with numerous secondary metabolites continues to expand rapidly across the world, with many people now resorting to these products to treat various health challenges in different national healthcare settings. Therefore, the study is aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition in the fruit extract of Kigelia africana and Sorghum bicolor stalks bought from the Mushin market in Lagos, Nigeria to ascertain its numerous pharmacological activities and identify the various chemical compounds responsible for these activities. Ethan

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